SPSS Research 1 Running head: SPSS RESEARCH REPORT

Project #3 SPSS Research Report I Data Files Danielle Mitchell SOWK 300 Tuskegee University October 27, 2011

SPSS Research 2

Abstract A topic that has never seemed to be out of the spotlight like racism has caught the attention of many people. Racism is said to be in the past, but to many it is not. Racism remains to be one of the worst experiences a person could have in their lifetime, however there are some that experience racism in classrooms that they attend on a daily basis. The information found in this research paper is a brief synopsis of research done on racism from the General Social Survey, 1972-2000. The General Social Survey (GSS) is a database that contains a broad rage of surveys based on almost anything that you can imagine. The GSS is an extensive database that contains thousands of surveys that are mostly done for the basis of research.

SPSS Research 3 Hypotheses Bivariate Hypothesis: In this particular research the independent variable is the allowance of a racist teacher to teach and the dependent variable is the socioeconomic status of the respondents of the survey. The lower a persons socioeconomic status will affect whether or not one believes a racist teacher should be allowed to teach in a classroom or not. The lower the socioeconomic status the more one will be opposed to someone who is racist teaching a body of students. The higher ones socioeconomic status the less one will be concern about a racist teacher teaching a body of students. Multivariate Hypothesis: Although ones socioeconomic status may influence certain opinions ones race will also have a part in whether it is acceptable for a racist to teach a body of students or not. In addition one is more apt to think that those respondents of the African American race will oppose the thought of a racist teacher teaching their children more so than those respondents of Caucasian descent. The previous statement is based off of the previous treatment and experiences of racism that the African American culture has already endured. Caucasians however, may have also experienced racism first hand also but never to the extent of African Americans. Further references could be made but the race of the teacher is not taken into account in this particular survey.

SPSS Research 4 Rationale Being of the African American descent, one believes that the rationale and hypotheses discussed cannot help but be a little biased. Considering personal experiences and encounters, I for one will personally state that I would be concerned about the wellbeing of a child being taught by someone that is racist, due to the simple fact that I do not believe that any race is more superior to another. However, as stated before the race of the teacher is not mentioned, but I would be on to state that I do not want a Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, or any other teacher that is racist toward another race of people. One will not even want a child to witness let alone experience any form or type of racism if it can be avoided. Another question could be brought up on how an individual know if a person is racist unless one witnessed an act of racism personally from this person or if the individual asks. How would a person be bold enough to walk up to stranger and ask if they are racist? Not many people would. Racism is a topic for another day, but socioeconomic status affects not only how one thinks but how one behaves also. If one is better off than most, one may take more time to shop around for the school or institution that best suits their wants and needs. However for a person that maybe in the lower or working class category will have to settle for what they get if there are not many options. Usually if a one is in the category of lower or working class, one will try to find the best school that is closest to home rather than the best school that is farther from home unless one has the means of transportation to get to and fro. One could sit and draw inferences all day, but the ultimate decision is mostly based on the individual making the decision.

SPSS Research 5 Results Bivariate Table Table 1 Subjective Class Identification By Class of R (%)

Rs Socioeconomic Class Attitude Lower Class Working Class Middle Class Upper Class No Class Row Totals

Allowed Not Allowed Totals (N)

437 646 1083 (5)

4326 6082 10408 (46)

5017 5482 10499 (46)

366 360 726 (3)

10147 12570

1 (0)

22717 (100)

Source: General Social Survey, 1972-2000

SPSS Research 6 Multivariate Table Table 2 Subjective Class Identification Controlling for Rs Race (%)

Rs Socioeconomic Class Attitude Lower Class Working Class Middle Class Upper Class No Class Row Total White Respondents Allowed Not Allowed Totals (N) 304 401 705 (4) 3554 4752 8126 (44) 4541 4677 9218 (50) 309 277 586 (3) 1 (0) 1 8709 9927 18636 (100)

Black Respondents Allowed Not Allowed Totals (N) 113 212 325 (10) 606 1260 1866 (57) 348 634 982 (30) 47 76 123 (4) 1114 2182 3296 (100)

Other Respondents Allowed Not Allowed Totals (N) 20 30 53 (7) 166 250 416 (53) 128 171 299 (38) 10 7 17 (2) 324 461 785 (100)

Source: General Social Survey, 1972-2000

SPSS Research 7 Discussion In reference to the previous tables given, majority of the individuals that oppose a racist teacher in a classroom are from the working class and middle class. Over 4,000 individuals of the 22,717 respondents, which belong in the working class, believe that a racist teacher should be allowed in the classroom while over 6,000, 6,082 to be exact oppose the presence of a racist teacher in the classroom. Of the individuals in the middle class 5,017 believe that a racist teacher should be allowed in the classroom while 5,482 individuals opposed a racist teacher being allowed to teach. A smaller percentage of individuals belonging to other socioeconomic for example the lower and upper class had a smaller percentage of respondents. Of the lower class individuals 437 believe that a racist teacher should be allowed to teach in the classroom and 646 of the individuals in the same class oppose the practice. In the upper class there were more individuals that agreed with this particular practice rather than disapproved. Of the individuals in the upper class, 366 were tolerable of a racist teacher and 360 were intolerable. In the table 1, which is the bivariate table the majority of the individuals that disapproved of a racist teacher in a classroom belonged to the working class. The second table contains a conglomeration of individuals from all races. However, of the respondents surveyed majority were individuals of Caucasian descent. There were 4,541 individuals under the particular category labeled to be middle class that approved of a racist teacher being in the classroom whereas the other 4,677 in the same category were opposed to the act of a racist teacher being present in the classroom. In the category labeled lower class in the Caucasian group there were 304 individuals that were for a racist teacher being in the classroom and 401 individuals that were against. In the next category labeled working class there were 3,554 individuals that agreed that a racist teacher should be allowed to be in the classroom and 4,752 individuals opposed the idea. In another category, upper class, there are 309 respondents that accepted a racist teacher being allowed in the classroom and 277 that

SPSS Research 8 were uncomfortable with the idea. There was one respondent that wasnt considered to be in any of the classes and that individual agreed that a racist teacher should be allowed to teach. The next groups of people, which are the African American respondents, majority of the individuals in this category are considered to be working class individuals that did not agree with a racist teacher being in the classroom and the others in that category, 606 individuals, accepted the idea. The next highest of the group are individuals classified as middle class and the majority if that category disapproved of a racist teacher whereas 348 individuals approved of the idea. There are not many respondents that are classified in the other category however the highest number of respondents are considered to be working class individuals and they do not agree with racist teachers being allowed to teach. In the second table it appears that the individuals a majority of the individuals that oppose a racist teacher are in the category of the working class in both Caucasian and African American individuals. In the category labeled other is a combination of any other races outside of Caucasian and African American, therefore one is not sure what other races were included in this study. There is a trend that appears to be in all the ethnic groups, majority of the opinions in this survey are those individuals that are considered to be either working class and following with the second highest are those individuals of the middle class. Referring back to the multivariate hypothesis there is evidence that the socioeconomic status of an individual does has an influence on an individuals beliefs.

SPSS Research 9 References General Social Survey Database

SPSS Research 10 Bivariate Crosstab

SPSS Research 11 Multivariate Crosstabs

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SPSS Research 13 Syntax