New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

CHAPTER 13 6. (a) f (x) = x+2

f (0) = 0+2 = 2
LIMITS AND (b) f (2) = 2+2 = 2
DERIVATIVES (c) f (−3) = − 3 + 2 = − 1
This is undefined.
i.e. −3 is not in the domain of f.

7.
EXERCISE 13.1 Section 13.1 Idea of functions
(page 11)

Section A

1. (a) f (2) = 900

f (4) = 1 200
(b) The independent variable = room type
The dependent variable = daily charge
(c) The domain of f = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
The range of f = {700, 900, 1 200, 1 500}

2. (a) g(3) = C 35
= 10
g(5) = C 55
=1
(b) The domain of g = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} The domain of f = all real numbers
The range of f = all real numbers
(c) The range of g = {1, 5, 10}
8.
3. (a) f (x) = 3x + 4
f (0) = 3(0) + 4 = 4
(b) f (2) = 3(2) + 4 = 10
(c) f (−3) = 3(−3) + 4 = −5

4. (a) f (x) = (x + 1)(x − 2)

f (0) = (0 + 1)(0 − 2) = −2
(b) f (2) = (2 + 1)(2 − 2) = 0
(c) f (−3) = [(−3) + 1] [(−3) − 2] = 10

2x +1
5. (a) f (x) =
x −1
2(0) + 1
f (0) = = −1
0 −1
2(2) + 1
(b) f (2) = =5
2 −1
2(−3) + 1 5
(c) f (−3) = =
− 3 −1 4
The domain of g = all real numbers
The range of g = [ − 4, ∞ )

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

9. 12.

The domain of h = all real numbers

The range of h = [0, ∞)

10.
The domain of H = (−∞, 0) or (0, ∞)
The range of H = (−∞, 0) or (0, ∞)

13. f (x) = 3x − 1
g(x) = 2x + 4
∴ f (x) + g(x) = (3x −1) + (2x + 4)
= 5x + 3
The domain of f (x) + g(x) is all real numbers.
f (x) − g(x) = (3x − 1) − (2x + 4)
=x−5
The domain of F = [0, ∞)
The domain of f (x) − g(x) is all real numbers.
The range of F = [0, ∞) f (x)g(x) = (3x − 1)(2x + 4)
= 6x2 + 10x − 4
11. The domain of f (x)g(x) is all real numbers.
f ( x) 3x − 1
=
g ( x) 2x + 4
f ( x)
The domain of is (−∞, −2) or (−2, ∞).
g ( x)
14. f (x) = x2 − 2x
g(x) = x2 − 2x + 1
∴ f (x) + g(x) = 2x2 − 4x + 1
The domain of f (x) + g(x) is all real numbers.
f (x) − g(x) = −1
The domain of f (x) − g(x) is all real numbers.
f (x)g(x) = ( x2 − 2x)( x2 − 2x + 1)
= x4 − 4x3 + 5x2 − 2x
The domain of f (x)g(x) is all real numbers.
The domain of G = [−1, 1] f ( x) x 2 − 2x
The range of G = [−1, 0] = 2
g ( x) x − 2x + 1
f ( x)
The domain of is (−∞, 1) or (1, ∞).
g ( x)

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

15. f (x) = 6 − 3x ∴ f (x) + g(x) = 5− x + 5+ x

g(x) = x2 + 1 The domain of f (x) + g(x) is [−5, 5] .
∴ f (x) + g(x) = x2 − 3x + 7
f (x) − g(x) =5− x − 5+ x
The domain of f (x) + g(x) is all real numbers.
f (x) − g(x) = 5 − 3x − x2 The domain of f (x) − g(x) is [−5, 5] .
The domain of f (x) − g(x) is all real numbers. f (x)g(x) = 5− x ⋅ 5+ x
f (x)g(x) = (6 − 3x)( x2 + 1) = 25 − x 2
= −3x3 + 6x2− 3x + 6
The domain of f (x)g(x) is [−5, 5] .
The domain of f (x)g(x) is all real numbers.
f ( x) 6 − 3x f ( x) 5− x
= 2 =
g ( x) x +1 g ( x) 5+ x
f ( x) f ( x)
The domain of is all real numbers. The domain of is (−5, 5] .
g ( x) g ( x)

16. f (x) = Section B

2x
g(x) = x − 5 19. (a) f (x) = x 2 − 4
∴ f (x) + g(x) = 2x + x − 5 f (a + h) = ( a + h ) − 4
2

The domain of f (x) + g(x) is [0, ∞) .

= a 2 + 2ah + h 2 − 4
f (x) − g(x) = 2x − x + 5 (b) f (a + h) − f (a)
The domain of f (x) − g(x) is [0, ∞) . = (a2 + 2ah + h2 − 4) − (a2 − 4)
f (x)g(x) = 2 x (x − 5) = 2ah + h2
The domain of f (x)g(x) is [0, ∞) . f (a + h) − f (a ) 2ah + h 2
(c) =
f ( x) h h
2x
= = 2a + h
g ( x) x−5
f ( x) 1
The domain of is [0, 5) or (5, ∞) . 20. (a) f (x) =
g ( x) x
1
17. f (x) = 7x − 9 f (a + h) =
a+h
g(x) = 2 x − 1 1 1
(b) f (a + h) − f (a) = −
∴ f (x) + g(x) = 7x − 9 + 2x −1 a+h a
a − ( a + h)
1 =
The domain of f (x) + g(x) is [ , ∞ ). a ( a + h)
2
−h
f (x) − g(x) = 7x − 9 − 2 x − 1 =
a ( a + h)
1
The domain of f (x) − g(x) is [ , ∞ ). f ( a + h) − f ( a ) 1 −h
2 (c) = ⋅
h h a ( a + h)
f (x)g(x) = (7x − 9) 2 x − 1
1 −1
The domain of f (x)g(x) is [ , ∞ ). =
2 a ( a + h)
f ( x) 7x − 9
= 21. The domain of f(x) = 3
x is all real numbers.
g ( x) 2x −1
f ( x) 1
The domain of is [ , ∞ ). 22. x2 − 36 = 0 when x = −6 or 6
g ( x) 2
5
∴ The domain of g(x) = 2 is
x − 36
18. f (x) = 5− x
(−∞, −6), (−6, 6) or (6, ∞).
g(x) = 5+ x

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

The domain of h(x) = ( x − 3) 2 is [ 3, ∞ ) .

1 lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = 1
23. x →a − x →a

∴ lim f (x) = 1
x→ a
24. x − 25 ≥ 0 for x ≤ −5 or x ≥ 5
2
f (a) = 2 ≠ lim
x→ a f (x)
∴ The domain of F(x) = x 2 − 25 is
∴ The function f is not continuous at x =
(−∞, − 5] or [5, ∞) . a.

25. x2 − 2x − 3 ≥ 0 2. lim f (x) = 1

x →a −
(x + 1) (x −3) ≥ 0
lim f (x) = 2
x ≤ −1 or x ≥ 3 x →a +

∴ The domain of G(x) = x 2 − 2 x − 3 is lim f (x) ≠ lim− f (x)

x →a − x →a
( − ∞, − 1] or [ 3, ∞ ) . lim f (x) does not exist
∴ x→ a

26. x +x−6=0
2 ∴ The function is not continuous at x = a.
(x + 3)(x − 2) = 0
x = −3 or 2 3. lim f (x) = 3
x →a −
x+6 lim f (x) = 3
∴ The domain of H(x) = is x →a +
x + x−6
2

(−∞, − 3), (−3, 2) or (2, ∞) . lim f (x) = lim+ f (x) = 3

x →a − x →a

∴ lim f (x) = 3
x→ a
27. (a) f (x) = x3 + 2x2 + 3x + 5
f (−x) = (−x)3 + 2(−x)2 + 3(−x) + 5 lim f (x) = f (a) = 3
x→ a
= −x3 + 2x2 − 3x + 5 ∴ The function is continuous at x = a.
f ( x) + f (− x)
(b) g(x) =
2 4. lim f (x) = 3
x →a −
= 2x2 + 5
lim f (x) does not exist.
f ( x) − f (− x) x →a +
(c) h(x) =
2 ∴ lim f (x) does not exist.
x→ a
= x + 3x
3
∴ The function is not continuous at x = a.
(d) From (b) and (c), f (x) = g(x) + h(x)
(e) g(−x) = 2(−x)2 + 5 5. f (x) = x2 − 2x + 3
= 2x2 + 5
∴ g(x) = g(−x) x 0.9 0.99 0.999 1.001 1.01 1.1
(f) h(−x) = (−x)3 + 3(−x) f (x) 2.01 2.000 1 2.000 001 2.000 001 2.000 1 2.01
= −x3 −3x
= −(x3 + 3x) ∴ lim f (x) = 2
x →1
∴ h(x) = −h(x)
(g) The domain of g(x) is all real numbers. 6. f (x) = x3 − 3x + 2
The range of g(x) is [5, ∞) .
x −2.1 −2.01 −2.001

f (x) −0.961 −0.090 601 −0.009 006

EXERCISE 13.2 Section 13.2 Idea of limit
(page 18)

x −1.999 −1.99 −1.9

Section A 0.008 994 0.089 401 0.841
f (x)

1. lim f (x) = 1 ∴ lim f (x) = 0

x →a − x → −2

lim f (x) = 1
x →a +

4
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

x −2 10.
7. f (x) =
x−4
x 3.95 3.995 3.999 5

f (x) 0.250 786 0.250 078 0.250 008

x 4.000 5 4.005 4.05

f (x) 0.249 992 0.249 922 0.249 224

∴ lim f (x) = 0.25

x→4

5
8. f (x) =
x +1
x −1.05 −1.005 −1.000 5 −0.999 5 −0.995 −0.95

f (x) −100 −1 000 −10 000 10 000 1 000 100 lim g(x) = 0 = lim+ g(x)
x →1− x →1

∴ lim g(x) = 0
∴ lim f (x) does not exist. x →1
x → −1
g(1) = 0
9. ∴ g(x) is continuous at x = 1.

11.

lim h(x) = 1 = lim+ h(x)

x →1− x →1

∴ lim h(x) = 1
x →1

lim f (x) = 4 = lim+ f (x) h(1) does not exist.

x →2 − x →2 ∴ h(x) is discontinuous at x = 1.
∴ lim f (x) = 4
x →2
f (2) = 4
∴ f (x) is continuous at x = 2.

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

12. 14.

lim F(x) = −5 = lim+ F(x)

x → −3 − x → −3

∴ lim F(x) = −5 lim H(x) = −1, lim+ H(x) = 1

x → −3
x →0 − x →0
F(−3) does not exist. lim H(x) ≠ lim+ H(x)
∴
∴ F(x) is discontinuous at x = −3. x →0 − x →0

∴ lim H(x) does not exist.

x →0
13.
∴ H(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Section B

x2 − 4
15. (a) f (x) =
x+2
The domain of f = (−∞, − 2) or (−2, ∞)
(b)

lim G(x) = 2 = lim+ G(x)

x →4 − x →4

∴ lim G(x) = 2
x→4
G(4) = 2
∴ G(x) is continuous at x = 4.

lim f (x) = lim x − 4

2
(c) x → −2
x → −2 x + 2

( x − 2)( x + 2)
= lim
x → −2 x+2
= lim ( x − 2)
x → −2

= −2 − 2
= −4

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

x
16. (a) g(x) =
x
The domain of g = (−∞, 0) or (0, ∞)
(b)

(c) lim g(x) = −1, lim+ g (x) = 1

x →0 − x →0

∴ lim g(x) ≠ lim+ g (x)

x →0 − x →0 (b) lim f (x) = 3
x →1
∴ lim g(x) does not exist.
x →0
1
19. (a) g(x) = sin
17. (a) x
1
g( ) = sin nπ = 0
nπ
1
1
(b) g( 1 ) = sin (2n + )π = 1
( 2 n + )π 2
2
(c) g(x) oscillates between 1 and –1 as x
tends to 0.
∴ lim g(x) does not exist.
x →0

20. (a)
(b) lim h(x) = 1 = lim+ h(x)
x →0 − x →0

∴ lim h(x) = 1
x →0
(c) h(0) does not exist.
∴ h(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

x3 −1  x 2 + x + 1 for x ≠ 1
18. (a) f (x) = = 
x −1 undefined for x = 1

(b) lim G(x) = –1

x → −2

lim G(x) does not exist.

x→2

(c) lim G(x) does not exist.

x→2

∴ G(x) is discontinuous at x = 2.

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 13)

x −1 8x + 1 3
21. (a) f (x) = ( x + 1) 8. lim =
x −1 x →1 x+3 2
x + 1 for x > 1
 t3 −1
= undefined for x = 1 9. lim =1
− ( x + 1) for x < 1 t →0 t −1

1 1
−  1  1
10. = lim  −  = −
lim r 3 r →3
 3r  9
r →3 r − 3

( y − 2) 3 ( y − 2) 2
11. lim = lim
y →2 y 4 − 16 y → 2 ( y + 2)( y 2 + 4)

=0

x 2 + 5x + 6 x+2
12. lim 4 = lim 4
x → −3 x − x − 12
2 x → − 3 x−4
1
= 4
7

x+4 −2 1
13. lim = lim
x →0 x x →0
x+4 +2
(b) lim f (x) = 0 1
x → −1
=
lim f (x) = –1 4
x →0

lim f (x) does not exist.

x →1
14. lim
x →0
x
x+2 − 2
= lim
x →0
(
x+2 + 2 )
= 2 2
EXERCISE 13.3 Section 13.3 Properties of limits of
functions
(page 25) Section B

Section A 1 1
−
15. 5 + h 5
lim 1 001 = 1 001 lim
1. x →7
h →0 h
−1
= lim
2. lim (2 x + 3) = 25 h → 0 5( 5 + h )
x →11
1
= −
3. lim( x 2 − 3 x) = 0 25
x →3

x 3 − x 2 + 2x − 2
x+2 1 16. lim
4. lim = x →1 x2 + x − 2
x → −5 x − 1 2
( x 2 + 2)( x − 1)
= lim
x →1 ( x + 2)( x − 1)
5. lim ( x 2 + 4 x − 5) = 0
x →1
x2 + 2
= lim
lim ( x 2 − 3) 5 = 1
x →1 x+2
6. x → −2 =1

x2 − x +1 3
7. lim =
x→2 2 x + 3x − 4
2
10