New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

f ′ (x) = −21x−4
CHAPTER 14
10. f (x) = −2x−7
TECHNIQUES OF f ′ (x) = 14x−8
DIFFERENTIATION 1
11. f (x) =
8x 4
1
f ′ (x) = (−4) x−5
8
1 −5
EXERCISE 14.1 Section 14.1 Derivatives of powers of x
(page 49) =− x
2

Section A 12. f (x) = 4 x

1. y = 88 1 1
f ′ (x) = 4   x − 2
dy 2
=0 1
dx = 2x− 2

2. f (x) = x9
f′ (x) = 9x8 −10
13. f (x) = 5
x
5
3. y= x  1 1
3
f ′ (x) = −10  −  x − 5 −1
 5
dy 5 53 − 1
= x = 2x− 5
6
dx 3
2
5 3
= x 1 4
3 14. g(t) = t
2
4 g′(t) = 2t3
4. y = x− 7

dy 4 −
4
−1 2 6
= − x 7 15. g(t) = t
dx 7 3
2
4 −7
11
g′(t) = (6) t5
= − x 3
7 = 4t5
5. y = 2x3 1
dy 16. g(t) = −
= 6x2 4t 8
dx 1
g′(t) = − (−8) t −9
6. f (x) = 3x11 4
f ′ (x) = 33x10 = 2t − 9

7. f (x) = 6 x5 1 −6
17. g(t) = t
f ′ (x) = 30 x4 9
1
9 g′(t) = (−6) t −7
8. y= 9
x 2
= 9x−1 = − t −7
3
dy
= −9x−2 4
dx 18. h(t) = 5
t4 = t 5
9. f (x) = 7x−3

19
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

4 4 −1
h ′(t) =
5 t
5
Section B
1
4 −
= t 5 26. (a) y = px5
5 dy
= 5px4
3 dx
19. h(t) = 6t t = 6 t 2 From the given,
3 3 dy 3
h′(t) = 6   t 2 − 1 = 5p(1)4 =
2 dx (1, q ) 2
1 3
= 9t 2 ∴ p=
10
(1, q) is on y = px 5 ,
9t 2 5
20. h(t) = = 3 3
t 9t
3 ∴ q= (1)5
10
5 5 3
h′(t) = 9   t 3 − 1 =
 3 10
2
= 15 t 3 dy  3
(b) = 5   (0)4
dx ( 0, 0 )  10 
8
=0
t2 ∴ Equation of the tangent at (0, 0) is
21. h(t) =
t3 t5 y = 0.
2 5
= −3−
t 8 2 27. s = 2 t3
−
21 ds
= = 6 t2
t 4
dt
21 − 4 −1
21 Velocity at t = 4 is
h′ (t) = − t ds
4 = 6 (4) 2
21 −
25 dt t = 4
= − t 4 = 96
4

22. f (x) = 3x2 28. y= x

f ′ (x) = 6x dy 1 − 1 1
= 2 =
f ′ (1) = 6 dx 2 x 6
∴ x=9
1 6 When x = 9, y = 9 = 3
23. f (x) = x
8 ∴ The required point is (9, 3).
3 5
f ′ (x) = x
4 1 5
29. (a) F(x) = x
f ′ (−2) = −24 40
1
F ′(x) = x4
24. f (t) = −6 t 8
1 1 4
f ′ (t) = −3 t − 2 (b) f (x) = F ′(x) = x
8
3 1 3
f ′ (4) = − f ′(x) = x
2 2
1 4
(c) f ′(x) = x3 =
2 27
25. f (t) = t 1.6 2
f ′ (t) = 1.6 t 0.6 ∴ x=
3
f ′ (32) = 12.8

20
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

4 1 3
2 1 2 2 9 2 1 1 −
F ′( )=   = y′ = x + x− 2 + x 2
3 8 3 81 2 2

11. y = (x + 2) (2x + 3)
EXERCISE 14.2 Section 14.2 Differentiation of sum
and product of functions = 2x2 + 7x + 6
(page 53)
y′ = 4x + 7
Section A
12. y = (x − 1) (3x + 5)
1. y = 8x + 9
3 = 3x2 + 2x − 5
y′ = 24x2 y′ = 6x + 2

1 8 13. y = (2x + 3) (x + 1)
2. y= x + 5x3 = 2x2 + 5x + 3
8
y′ = x7 + 15x2 y′ = 4x + 5

14. y = (4x − 6) (3 − x)
3. y = 7x4 − 5x2 + 6
y′ = 28x3 − 10x y′ = (4x − 6) (−1) + (3 − x) (4)
= −8x + 18
1
4. y = x2 + 5x − 15. f (x) = (2x2 + 7) (3x − 1)
x2
y′ = x2 + 5x − x−2 = 6x3 − 2x2+ 21x − 7
= 2x + 5 + 2x−3 f ′ (x) = 18x 2 − 4x + 21

5. y = 5 − x−2 − 3x−4 16. g(y) = (3y2 + 5)2

y′ = 2x−3 + 12x−5 d
g′ (y) = 2(3y2 + 5) (3y2 + 5)
dx
6. y = 11− x + 6 3 x = 2(3y2 + 5) (6y)
1 1 = 12y(3y2 + 5)
= 11− x 2 + 6x 3

1 −2 2
1 17. h(t) = (2t4 − 1) (5t3 + 6t)
y′ = − x + 2x− 3 = 10t7 + 12t5 − 5t3 − 6t
2
h′ (t) = 70t6 + 60t4 − 15t2 − 6
1 5 3
7. y = x− 2 − x− 3 + 2 x7
18. H(u) = (u2 − 3u + 2) (u + 1)
1 −2 5 −3 6 −7
3 8 4
H′ (u) = (u2 − 3u + 2) (1) +(u + 1) (2u − 3)
y′ = − x + x + x
2 3 7 = 3u2 − 4u − 1

4 4 19. F(r) = (3r − 1) (2r2 − r − 4)

8. y = 6 x − 3 + 2 − 3x 3
= 6r3 − 5r2 − 11r + 4
y′ = − 8 x − 3 − 4x 3
7 1
F′ (r) = 18r2 − 10r − 11

3
1 2 20. G(x) = ( x 2 − x ) (2x + 5)
1 3
y = x − 3x = x
2 5
9. −
2 − −5
3x 1
= x 2 (x − 1) (2x + 5)
x
3 8
1 − 9 − 1
= x 2 (2x2 + 3x − 5)
y′ = − x 2 + x 5
2 5
3x + 2 x − 1
2
1
10. y = 1 1 −
x G′ (x) = x 2 (4x+3) + (2x2 + 3x − 5)   x 2
3 1 1 2
= 3x 2 + 2x 2 − x − 2
[ ]
1
1 −2
= x 2 x(4 x + 3) + 2 x 2 + 3 x − 5
2

21
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

1 −2
1 27. G(t) = (t2 + 3) (2t − 5) (3t + 2)
= x (10x2 + 9x − 5) G′ (t) = 2t (2t − 5) (3t + 2)
2
d
+ (t2 + 3) [(2t − 5) (3t + 2)]
21. P(x) = (x2 + x + 1) (x2 − x + 1) dt
P′ (x) = (x2 + x + 1) (2x − 1) = 2t (2t − 5) (3t + 2)
+ (x2 − x + 1) (2x + 1) + (t2 + 3) [2(3t + 2) + 3(2t − 5)]
= 4x3 + 2x = 24t3 − 33t2 + 16t − 33

22. Q(y) = (3y4 − 2y2 + 4)2 28. h(u) = (3u + 2)2 (u − 1)

Q′ (y) = (3y4 − 2y2 + 4) (12y3 − 4y) d
h′ (u) = [ (3u + 2)2](u − 1) + 1⋅ (3u + 2)2
+ (3y4 − 2y2 + 4) (12y3 − 4y) du
= 8y (3y2 − 1) (3y4 − 2y2 + 4) = [3(3u + 2) + 3(3u + 2) ] (u − 1)
+ (3u + 2)2
23. f (x) = (4x + 7) (x + 1) = 27u 2 + 6u − 8
= 4x2 + 11x + 7
f ′ (x) = 8x + 11 29. y = x3 + 5
f ′ (−1) = 3 dy
= 3x2
dx
24. g(t) = (3t2 − 1) (5 − t) When the tangent is horizontal,
= −3t3 + 15t2 + t − 5 dy
g′ (t) = (3t2 − 1) (−1) + (5 − t) (6t) = 3x2 = 0
dx
= −9t2 + 30t + 1 ∴ x=0
g′ (5) = −74 The required point is (0, 5).

Section B 30. y = x3 − 4x2 − 3x + 6

dy
= 3x2 − 8x − 3
25. F(x) = (2x + 1)3 dx
= (2x + 1) (2x + 1)2 = (3x + 1) (x − 3)
F′ (x) dy 1
= 0 when x = − , 3
d dx 3
= 2(2x + 1)2 + (2x + 1) ⋅ [(2 x + 1) 2 ]
dx ∴ The required points are
= 2(2x + 1)2 1 176
+ (2x + 1) [2(2x + 1) + 2(2x + 1)] (− , ), (3, −12).
3 27
= 6(2x + 1)2
d
26. g(x) = (x + 2) (x − 1) (x − 2) 31. (a) (i) ( [ f (x)]2 )
dx
g′ (x) = 1⋅(x − 1) (x − 2)
d
d = [ f (x) ⋅ f (x)]
+ (x + 2) ⋅ [(x − 1) (x − 2)] dx
dx
d d
= (x − 1) (x − 2) = f (x) f (x) + f (x) f (x)
+ (x + 2) [(x − 2) + (x − 1)] dx dx
= 2f (x) f′ (x)
= 3x2 − 2x − 4
(ii) Let S(n) be the statement
d
“ ( [ f (x)]n )
dx
= n[ f (x)]n − 1 f′ (x) ”.
When n = 1,
d
L.H.S. = f (x) = f′ (x)
dx
R.H.S. = f′ (x)
∴ S(1) is true.

22
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

Assume S(k) is true. x

d 3. y=
i.e. ( [ f (x)]k) x +1
dx dy ( x + 1)(1) − x(1)
= k [ f (x)]k − 1 f ′ (x) =
dx ( x + 1) 2
Then
1
d =
( [ f (x)]k+1) ( x + 1) 2
dx
2x + 1
d 4. y=
=
dx
( [ f (x)]k f (x))
dy (22xx−−11)(2) − ( 2 x + 1)(2)
=
d dx (2 x − 1) 2
= [ f (x)]k ⋅ f (x)
dx 4
d = −
+ f (x) ⋅ ( [ f (x)]k) ( 2 x − 1) 2
dx 2x + 3
5. y=
= [ f(x)]k f′ (x) + f(x) ⋅ k [ f(x)]k − 1 f′ (x) 3(3xx−−44)(2) − (2 x + 3)(3)
dy
= (k + 1) [ f (x)]k f ′ (x) =
dx (3 x − 4) 2
∴ S(k + 1) is true.
By mathematical induction, S(n) is 17
= −
true for all positive integers n. (3 x − 4 ) 2
d
(b) f (x) 4x − 5
dx 6. y=
x+8
= 100 (x2 + 2x − 3)100 −1
dy ( x + 8)(4) − (4 x − 5)(1)
d 2 =
⋅ (x + 2x − 3) dx ( x + 8) 2
dx
= 100 (x2 + 2x − 3)99 (2x + 2) 37
=
= 200 (x2 + 2x − 3)99 (x + 1) ( x + 8) 2
2x
7. y=
x 2 2+ 7
dy ( x + 7)(2) − ( 2 x)(2 x)
=
EXERCISE 14.3 Section 14.3 Differentiation of quotient of
functions dx ( x 2 + 7) 2
(page 57)
2( 7 − x 2 )
=
Section A ( x 2 + 7) 2
x2 + 4
8. y=
1 x 2 2− 4
1. y= dy ( x − 4)(2 x) − ( x 2 + 4)(2 x)
9 − x2 =
dx ( x 2 − 4) 2
dy (9 − x 2 )(0) − (1)(−2 x)
= 16 x
dx (9 − x 2 ) 2 = − 2
( x − 4) 2
2x x −8
3
= 9. y=
(9 − x 2 ) 2 x3 + 8
dy ( x 3 + 8)(3 x 2 ) − ( x 3 − 8)(3 x 2 )
=
1 dx ( x 3 + 8) 2
2. y=
x + x +1
2
48 x 2
=
dy ( x 2 + x + 1)(0) − (1)(2 x + 1) ( x 3 + 8) 2
=
dx ( x 2 + x + 1) 2 x2 + x + 1
10. y=
2x + 1 x +1
=− 2
( x + x + 1) 2 dy ( x + 1)(2 x + 1) − ( x 2 + x + 1)(1)
=
dx ( x + 1) 2
x ( x + 2)
=
( x + 1) 2

23
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

2 x −1
11. y= 2t 2 − 3t + 5
1− x 16. F(t) =
t2 + 4
 1   1 
dy (1 − x )  − (2 x − 1) −  (t 2 + 4)(4t − 3) − ( 2t 2 − 3t + 5)(2t )
=  x  2 x F′ (t) =
dx ( t 2 + 4) 2
(1 − x ) 2
3t 2 + 6t − 12
1 =
= ( t 2 + 4) 2
2 x (1 − x ) 2
3(t 2 + 2t − 4)
=
2x − 3 (t 2 + 4 ) 2
12. y=
x − 3x + 4
2
3[(1) 2 + 2(1) − 4] 3
F′ (1) = =−
dy ( x 2 − 3 x + 4)(2) − (2 x − 3)(2 x − 3) [(1) 2 + 4]2 25
=
dx ( x 2 − 3 x + 4) 2
Section B
2x 2 − 6x + 1
= − 2
( x − 3x + 4) 2 1
17. y=
(t + 2) 2
1 1
13. f (t) = −
t+3 t−3 dy −
= dt
d
[
(t + 2) 2 ]
−1 −1 dt
f ′ (t) = − (t + 2) 4
(t + 3) 2 (t − 3) 2
− 2 (t + 2 )
−1 1 =
= − (t + 2) 4
(t − 3) 2 (t + 3) 2
2
12t =−
= 2 (t + 2) 3
(t − 9) 2
12 3 (2u + 1)(3u − 1)
f ′ (1) = = 18. y=
(1 − 9) 2 16 u+5
dy
1 1 du
14. g(t) = +
2+ t 2+ t 1 d
= {(u + 5) ⋅ [ (2u + 1)(3u −1) ]
4 (u + 5) 2 du
=
4−t d
− (2u + 1) (3u − 1) ⋅ (u + 5)}
−4 du
g′ (t) = ( −1)
(4 − t ) 2 1
= {(u + 5) [3(2u + 1)
4 (u + 5) 2
=
(4 − t ) 2 + 2(3u − 1) ] − (2u + 1) (3u − 1)}
4 4 6(u 2 + 10u + 1)
g′ (1) = = =
32 9 (u + 5) 2

t −1 3t
15. h(t) = 19. (a) s =
t + 2t + 1
2
t2 + 9
(t 2 + 2t + 1)(1) − (t − 1)(2t + 2) ds (t 2 + 9)(3) − 3t (2t )
h′ (t) = =
(t 2 + 2t + 1) 2 dt (t 2 + 9) 2
− t 2 + 2t + 3 27 − 3t 2
= =
(t 2 + 2t + 1) 2 (t 2 + 9) 2
− (1) 2 + 2(1) + 3 1 ds 27 − 3 6
h′ (1) = = = 2 =
(1 + 2 + 1) 2 4 dt t =1
(1 + 9) 25

24
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

6
i.e. The required velocity = . 2. y = f (g(x))
25
= f (x2 −5x + 4)
ds 27 − 3t 2
(b) = 2 =0 = x 2 − 5x + 4
dt (t + 9) 2
∴ t = ±3 ∴ y= x 2 − 5x + 4
∴ The required time is t = 3.
ds 27 − 3t 2 3. y = f (g(x))
(c) = 2 >0 x+7
dt (t + 9) 2 = f( )
(t2 + 9)2 > 0 for all t. 8
x+7
∴ 27 − 3t2 > 0 =8( )−7
(t − 3) (t + 3) <0 8
∴ −3 < t < 3 ∴ y=x
but t ≥ 0
Hence the required time interval is 4. y = f (g(x))
0 ≤ t < 3. = f (x2 − 3x + 6)
∴ y = (x2 − 3x + 6)4
d  1 
20. (a)   5. y = f (g(x))
dx  f ( x)  x+2
1 1 1 =f( )
= Δlim [ − ] x−2
x →0
Δ x f ( x + Δ x ) f ( x)
x+2
1 f ( x) − f ( x + Δ x ) ∴ y=
= Δlim [ ⋅ ] x−2
x →0
Δ x f ( x + Δ x) f ( x)
−1 6. y = f (g(x))
= Δlim
x →0
f ( x + Δ x) f ( x) = f ( x2 − 1 )
f ( x + Δ x) − f ( x)
⋅ Δlim
x→0
∴ y = sin3 ( x 2 − 1 )
Δx
−1
= ⋅ f ′( x) x−3
f ( x ) f ( x) 7. f (x) =
5
f ′( x) g(x) = 5x + 3
= − f (g(x) ) = f (5x + 3)
[ f ( x)]2
(b) Let f (x) = x3 − 7x + 2. (5 x + 3) − 3
=
∴ f ′ (x) = 3x2 − 7 5
and f (x) ≠ 0 ∴ f (g(x)) = x
∴ By (a), x−3
g(f (x)) = g( )
f ′( x) 5
dy
= − x−3
dx [ f ( x)]2 = 5( )+3
5
3x 2 − 7 ∴ g(f (x)) = x
= −
( x 3 − 7 x + 2) 2

EXERCISE 14.4 Section 14.4 Differentiation of composite

functions
(page 66)

Section A

1. y = f (g(x))
= f (1 − 2x3)
= (1 − 2x3)5
∴ y = (1 − 2x3)5

25
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

8. f (x) = 2x 1
g(x) = 5x2 − x3 13. f (x) = x+
x
f (g(x)) = f (5x2 − x3)
1
= 2 (5x2 − x3) Let u = h(x) = x +
x
∴ f (g(x)) = 10x2 − 2x3
g(f (x)) = g(2x) and y = g(u) = u .
= 5(2x)2 − (2x)3 Then f (x) = g(h(x)).
∴ g(f (x)) = 20x2 − 8x3
14. f (x) = tan3 (x2 + 9) − 4 tan (x2 + 9)
Let u = h(x) = x2 + 9
9. f (x) = x2 − 4 and y = g(u) = tan3 u − 4 tan u.
2 Then f (x) = g(h(x)).
g(x) =
x
2 15. y = u3 , u = x2 + 2x − 1
f (g(x)) = f ( )
x dy dy du
= ⋅
2 dx du dx
 2
=   −4 = (3u2) (2x + 2)
 x = 6 (x + 1) (x2 + 2x − 1)2
4
∴ f (g(x)) = −4 x +1
x2 16. y= u , u=
x −1
g (f (x)) = g( x 2 − 4 ) dy dy du
2 = ⋅
dx du dx
∴ g(f (x)) =
x −4
2
1 −
1 ( x − 1) − ( x + 1)
= u 2 ⋅
2 ( x − 1) 2
1 1
10. f (x) = x −
x = −
( x − 1) x 2 − 1
g(x) = cos 2x
f (g(x)) = f (cos 2x)
1 1
∴ f (g(x)) = cos 2x − 17. y= 3
u2 , u =
cos 2 x 3 − 4x 2
1 dy dy du
g( f (x)) = g( x − ) = ⋅
x dx du dx
1 2 −
1 8x
∴ g(f (x)) = cos [2 ( x − )] = u 3 ⋅
x 3 (3 − 4x2 )2
5
16 −
11. f (x) = (x2 − 2x)5 = x(3 − 4 x 2 ) 3
3
Let u = h(x) = x2 − 2x
and y = g(u) = u5.
Then f (x) = g(h(x)). 18. y = (u + 2) (u − 2), u = 2 + 4
x
dy dy du
= ⋅
1 dx du dx
12. f (x) =
(5 x + 3) 6 1 −
3
= 2u ⋅ x 4
Let u = h(x) = 5x + 3 4
1 3
and y = g(u) = 6 . 1 −
u = x 4 (2 + 4 x )
2
Then f (x) = g(h(x)).
19. y = (1 + 5x)4
y′ = 4(1 + 5x)3 ⋅ 5
= 20(1 + 5x)3

20. y = (2x + 1)5

26
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

y′ = 5(2x + 1)4 ⋅ 2  x−7

2

= 10(2x + 1)4 29. h(x) =  

 x+2
21. y = (7 − 3x2)9
y′ = 9(7 − 3x2)8 (−6x)  x − 7   ( x + 2) − ( x − 7) 
h′(x) = 2    
= −54x(7 − 3x2)8  x+2  ( x + 2) 2 
18( x − 7)
22. y = (3x2 + x − 6)8 =
( x + 2)3
y′ = 8(3x2 + x − 6)7 (6x + 1)
5
23. y = (2t3 − 3t2 + 4t − 1)2  x 
30. F(x) =  
y′ = 2(2t3 − 3t2 + 4t − 1) (6t2 − 6t + 4) 1+ x 
= 4(2t3 − 3t2 + 4t − 1) (3t2 − 3t + 2)  x   (1 + x) − x 
4

F′(x) = 5    2 
 1 + x   (1 + x) 
24. y = (x + 9)−2
y′ = − 2(x + 9)−3 5x 4
=
(1 + x) 3
25. f (x) = (x7 − 3x4 + 1)−3
f ′(x) = −3(x7 − 3x4 + 1)−4 (7x6 − 12x3) 31. g(t) = (4t2 + 7)2 (2t3 + 1)4
g′(t) = (4t2 + 7)2 ⋅ 4(2t3 + 1)3 (6t2)
26. g (x) = 1 − x2 + (2t3 + 1)4 ⋅ 2(4t2 + 7) (8t)
1
= 8t(4t2 + 7) (2t3 + 1)3 (16t3 + 21t + 2)
1 −
g′(x) = (1 − x 2 ) 2 (−2x)
2 32. h(r) = (r2 + 1)3 (2r + 7)2
x h′(r) = (r2 + 1)3 ⋅ 2(2r + 7) ⋅ 2
= − + (2r + 7)2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ (r2 + 1)2 (2r)
1 − x2
= 2(r2 + 1)2 (2r + 7) (8r2+ 21r + 2)

27. y= 3
x4 − x2 + 8 33. H(z) = (2z + 5) −1 (4z + 3) −2
= ( x 4 − x 2 + 8)
1
H′(z) = (2z + 5) −1 (−2) (4z + 3) −3 ⋅ 4
3
+(4z + 3) −2 (−1) (2z + 5) −2 (2)
2
1 4 − = −2(2z + 5)−2 (4z + 3)−3 (12z + 23)
y′ = ( x − x 2 + 8) 3 (4x3 − 2x)
3
2 34. F(y) = (y2 − 4y−2)2 (y2 + 1)−1
2 −
= ( x 4 − x 2 + 8) 3 (2x3 − x) F′(y) = (y2 − 4y−2)2 (−1) (y2 + 1)−2 (2y)
3
+ (y2 + 1)−1 (2) (y2 − 4y−2)
× (2y + 8y−3)
28. y = ( x + x 2 + 1)10
= 2(y2 − 4y−2) (y2 + 1)−2
1
y = [ x + ( x 2 + 1) 2 ]10 × (y3 + 2y + 12y−1 + 8y−3)
1 1
1 2 −
35. f (u) =
y′= 10 [ x + ( x 2 + 1) 2 ]9 [1 + ( x + 1) 2 (2 x)] 1+ u
2
1
1 1
1
= 10 [ x + ( x 2 + 1) 2 ]9 [1 + x( x 2 + 1) − 2 ] 2 u
f ′(u) = =
4 u (1 + u )
10( x + x 2 + 1)10 2 1+ u
=
x2 + 1
36. G(x) = x x 2 + 1
x
G′(x) = x2 + 1 + x ⋅
x +1
2

2x2 + 1
=
x2 + 1

27
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

1+ t3 2
37. g(t) = 3 43. f (x) =
1− t3 ( x 2 − 2 x − 4) 2
−
2 −8( x − 1)
 3
 f ′(x) = 2
g′(t) = 1  1 + t 
3
( x − 2 x − 4) 3

3 1− t 3 
−8(3 − 1)
f ′(3) = 2 = 16
(1 − t 3 )3t 2 − (1 + t 3 )(−3t 2 ) (3 − 3 ⋅ 2 − 4)3
×
(1 − t 3 ) 2
2 44. g(t) = t+2 t
−
 2t 2 
=  1 + t
3
 3
  3 2 1
1− t3  (1 − t )  1+ 1+ t
 
g′(t) = t =
2 3
= 2t 2 (1 + t 3 ) − 3 (1 − t 3 ) − 4 2 t (t + 2 t )
2 t+2 t
1+ 1 1
38. F(t) = g′(1) = =
t + t +12
2 1 ⋅ (1 + 2 1) 3
t
1+
Section B
= 1 t + t +1
2
F ′(t) = t +1
2
1 1
2 t +1
2
45. g(x) = ( x 2 + 3) 3 ( x 3 − 1) 2
2 t + t2 +1
1 1
1 −
g′(x) = ( x 2 + 3) 3 ⋅ ( x 3 − 1) 2 (3x2)
2w − 1 2
39. z=
w 1
1 −
2

1 + ( x 3 − 1) 2 ⋅ ( x 2 + 3) 3 (2x)
w⋅ − 2w − 1 3
z′ = 2w − 1 2 1
1 − −
w2 = x( x 2 + 3) 3 ( x 3 − 1) 2
6
1− w
= 2 ⋅ [9 x( x 2 + 3) + 4( x 3 − 1)]
w 2w − 1 2 1
1 − −
= x( x 2 + 3) 3 ( x 3 − 1) 2
40. s = (t − 1) t 2 − 2t + 2 6
t −1 ⋅ (13 x 3 + 27 x − 4)
s′ = (t − 1) 2 + t 2 − 2t + 2
t − 2t + 2 3 1
u +2 3
2(t − 1) 2 + 1 46. f (u) =   (u + 4) 3
= u−2
t 2 − 2t + 2
f ′(u)
3 2
41. f (x) = 3x(2x + 5)7 u +2 1 3 −
 ⋅ (u + 4) 3 (3u )
2
= 
f ′(x) = 3x ⋅7(2x + 5)6 (2) + 3(2x + 5)7 u −2 3
= 3(2x + 5)6 (14x + 2x + 5)
 u + 2   (u − 2) − (u + 2) 
1 2
= 3(16x + 5) (2x + 5)6 + (u 3 + 4) 3 ⋅ 3   
f ′(−2) = 3[16(−2) + 5] [2(−2) + 5]6 u−2  (u − 2) 2 
= −81 −
2
2 3 3 (u 4
= (u + 2) (u + 4) − 12u 3 − 4u 2 − 48)
3
42. G(t) = 6 (3t − 8) 2 (u − 2) 4
1
3 47. h(x) = f (g(x))
G′(t) = 6 ⋅ (3t − 8) 2 (3)
2 ∴ h′(x) = f ′(g(x)) ⋅ g′(x)
1 h′(0) = f ′(g(0)) ⋅ g′(0)
= 27 (3t − 8) 2
= f ′(3) ⋅ g′(0)
1
G′(3) = 27 [3(3) − 8] 2 =7×5
= 35
= 27 48. (a) F(t) = h(g(f (t)))
28
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

F′(t) 1− 3 x
7. y=
d h( g ( f (t ))) d g ( f (t )) d f (t ) 2x
= ⋅ ⋅
d g ( f (t )) d f (t ) dt 2xy = 1 − 3x
= h′(g(f (t))) ⋅ g′(f (t)) ⋅ f ′(t) 2xy + 3x = 1
(b) Let F (x) = f (f (f (x))). 1
∴ x=
F′(x) = f ′(f (f (x))) ⋅ f ′(f (x)) ⋅ f ′(x) 2y + 3
F′(0) = f ′(f (f (0))) ⋅ f ′(f (0)) ⋅ f ′(0)
= f ′(0) ⋅ f ′(0) ⋅ f ′(0) 2x + 5
8. y=
= 23 x−7
=8 xy − 7y = 2x+5
xy − 2x = 7y +5
7y + 5
∴ x=
EXERCISE 14.5 Section 14.5 Differentiation of inverse
functions y−2
(page 72)

5 − 4x
Section A 9. (a) y= ......................(1)
7
dy 4
1. y = 5 − 6x = −
dx 7
6x = 5 − y
1
5− y dx 7
∴ x= ∴ = dy = −
6 dy 4
dx
3x + 7 (b) From (1), 7y = 5 − 4x
2. y= Hence, the inverse function is
4
4y = 3x + 7 5 − 7y
x = ......................(2)
4y − 7 4
∴ x=
3 (c) Differentiating (2) with respect to y,
dx 7
1 = −
3. y= x 3 dy 4
∴ x = y3
10. (a) y = f (x) = 3 − 2 x .........(1)
1
4. y=1+ x 1 −
f ′ (x) = (3 − 2 x) 2 (− 2)
y−1= x 2
1
∴ x = (y − 1)2 = − (3 − 2 x) − 2
1
2 ∴ f ′ (1) = − [3 − 2(1)] − 2 = −1
5. y=
x
dx 1
2 (b) = = −1
∴ x= dy f ′(1)
y (1, 1)

(c) From (1), y2 = 3 − 2x

3
6. y=6− x 5
∴ The inverse function of f (x) is
3 − y2
3
x = ......................(2)
x5 = 6 − y 2
5
∴ x = (6 − y ) 3 (d) Differentiating (2) with respect to y,
dx 1
= − (2 y )
dy 2
= −y
dx
∴ = −1
dy (1, 1)

29
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

11. y = 2x + 5 x
dy 18. y=
=2 2x + 1
dx dy (2 x + 1)(1) − x(2) 1
dx 1 = =
∴ = dx (2 x + 1) 2
(2 x + 1) 2
dy 2 dx
∴ = (2x + 1)2
dy
12. y = 3x − 4
3

dy
= 9x2 x
dx 19. y =
1+ 5 x
dx 1
∴ = dy (1 + 5 x)(1) − x(5) 1
dy 9x2 = =
dx (1 + 5 x ) 2
(1 + 5 x) 2
dx
13. y = x5 − 2x ∴ = (1 + 5x )2
dy
dy
= 5x4 − 2
dx
3x − 4
dx 1 20. y =
∴ = 2x + 5
dy 5x 4 − 2
dy ( 2 x + 5)(3) − (3 x − 4)(2)
=
dx (2 x + 5) 2
14. y = 5x + x
23
dy 1
1 −2 =
=5+ x (2 x + 5) 2
dx 2 dx (2 x + 5) 2
10 x + 1 ∴ =
= dy 23
2 x 21. y = 9 − x2
dx 2 x 1
∴ = dy 1 −
dy 10 x + 1 = (9 − x 2 ) 2 (− 2x)
dx 2
x
15. y = (1 − 2x)3 −
= 1
dy (9 − x 2 ) 2
= 3 (1 − 2x)2 (− 2)
dx 1
dx 2 2
dx 1 ∴ = − (9 − x )
∴ = − dy
dy 6(1 − 2 x) 2 x

3 x
16. y =x− 22. y = 3
x 1+ x
dy 2
= 1 + 3x −2 dy 1 x − 3 (1 + x)(1) − x(1)
dx = ( ) ⋅
dx 3 1+ x (1 + x) 2
dx 1 x2
∴ = −2 =
2
dy 1 + 3x x +3
2 1 1+ x 3 1
= ( ) ⋅
3 x (1 + x) 2
17. y = 4−x 1
dy 1 −
1 = 2 4
= (4 − x) ( −1) 2
3 x (1 + x) 3
3
dx 2
dx 2 4
1 ∴ = 3 x 3 (1 + x) 3
− dy
= 1
2(4 − x) 2
dx 1
∴ = −2 (4 + x) 2
dy

30
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

23. x = 4y2 + 2y − 5 2y
28. x=
dx 6 y −1
= 8y + 2
dy dx (6 y − 1) (2) − 2 y (6)
=
dy 1 dy (6 y − 1) 2
=
dx 8 y +2 −2
=
(6 y − 1) 2
24. x = y4 − y3 − 2 y2 + 7 dy (6 y − 1) 2
dx ∴ = −
= 4 y3 − 3y2 − 4 y dx 2
dy
dy 1 Section B
∴ = 3
1
dx 4 y − 3 y2 − 4y 29. (a) y = f (x) = ( x 2 + 1) 4 .......................(1)
3
dy
= 1 ( x 2 + 1) 4 (2x)
−
1
25. x = y+ dx 4
y
x
dx 1 = 3
= 1− 2 2( x 2 + 1) 4
dy y
1 dy 2
dy (b) = 3
∴ = 1− 1 dx x = 2 2(2 2 + 1) 4
dx
y2
1
y2 = 3
= 54
y 2 −1
(c) From (1), y4 = x2 + 1
x2 = y4 − 1
26. x= y (1 + 123 y ) x≥0
5 ∴ The inverse function of f (x) is
= y + 12y 6
x= y 4 − 1 ..........................(2)
dx 1 1
= 1 y 2 + 10 y 6
− − (d) Differentiating (2) with respect to y,
dy 2 dx 1 −
1
= ( y 4 − 1) 2 (4y3)
1 dy 2
dy
∴ = 1 − 1
−
1
2 y3
dx y 2 + 10 y 6
2 = 1

2 ( y 4 − 1) 2
= −1 1 From (1), when x = 2,
−
y 2 + 20 y 6 1
y = (2 2 + 1) 4 = 5 4
1

27. x = (3 + 4 y ) 5 dx dx
∴ = 1
dx dy x=2
dy y = 54
= 5(3 − 4 y ) 4 (−4) 1
dy
2(5 4 ) 3
= − 20(3 − 4 y ) 4 = 1 1

1 [(5 4 ) 4 − 1] 2
dy
∴ = − 3
dx 20(3 − 4 y ) 4 = 54

31
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

x dx 1
30. (a) y = f (x) = ........................(1) =
1 + x2 (g) dy x=3
dy
x dx
lim f (x) = lim x=3
x →∞ x →∞
1 + x2 = 10
3
2
1
= lim 1
x →∞
+1
x2 Section 14.6 Differentiation of implicit
1 EXERCISE 14.6 (page 76)
functions

=
0 +1
= 1 Section A
0
(b) f (0) = =0
1 + 02 1. x2 + y2 = 49
As x increases, f (x) increases from dy
2x + 2y =0
0 and it approaches 1 when x tends dx
to ∞ . dy x
∴ The range of f (x) is [0, 1). ∴ = −
dx y
(c) f ′(x)
1
1 − 2. x 2 − y2 = 10
1 + x 2 (1) − x[ (1 + x 2 ) 2 (2 x)]
= 2 dy
2x − 2y =0
( 1 + x2 )2 dx
dy x
−
1
∴ =
= 1 + x 2 − x 2 (1 + x 2 ) 2 dx y
1+ x2
1 3. 6x2 + 9y2 = 114
−
= (1 + x )
2 2 (1 + 2
x −x ) 2 dy
32x + 18y =0
1+ x 2 dx
1 dy 16 x
∴ = −
= 3 dx 9y
(1 + x 2 ) 2
1 1 4. x3 + y3 = 8
∴ f ′(3) = 3 = 2 dy
3x2 + 3y2 =0
(1 + 3 2 ) 2 10 3 dx
dy x2
x2 ∴ = − 2
(d) From (c), y2 = dx y
1+ x2
y + x y = x2
2 2 2
5. xy = 25
x 2 (1 − y 2 ) = y 2 dy
x +y =0
y2 dx
x2 = dy y
1− y2 ∴ = −
dx x
x≥0
∴ The inverse function x = g(y) is 6. 2x3y + 3xy3 = 6
y dy dy
x = g(y) = 2x3 + 2(3x2) y + 3x(3y2) + 3y3= 0
1− y2 dx dx
(e) The domain of g= the range of f dy 3 y3 + 6x2 y
∴ = −
= [0, 1) dx 9 xy 2 + 2 x 3
(f) The range of g = the domain of f
= [0, ∞)

32