New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

7. x2 + xy + y2 = 11 dy
dy dy 4x3 + 4 y 3 =0
2x + x + y + 2y =0 dx
dx dx dy x3
dy 2x + y ∴ = − 3
∴ = − dx y
dx x + 2y
dy 13
= − =1
8. x3 + 2xy + y4 = 13 dx (1, −1) (−1) 3
dy dy ∴ Gradient of tangent = 1
3x2 + 2x + 2y + 4y3 =0
dx dx
dy 3x 2 + 2 y 15. xy2 + x2y + 6 = 0
∴ = − dy dy
dx 2x + 4 y3 x(2y) + y 2 + x2 + 2xy = 0
dx dx
dy 2 xy + y 2
9. x + y = 10 = − 2
dx x + 2 xy
1 1
1 − 2 1 − 2 dy dy 2(−2)(3) + 32
x + y =0 3
2 2 dx = − = −
dx(−2 , 3 ) (−2) + 2(−2) ⋅ 3
2
8
dy y
∴ = − 3
dx x ∴ Gradient of tangent = −
8
2 2
10. 16. x3 + 2xy + y2 = 34
x3 + y3 = 1 dy dy
1 3x2 + 2 x + 2y + 2 y =0
2 − 3 2 − 13 dy dx dx
x + y =0
3 3 dx dy 3x 2 + 2 y
= −
dy y dx 2 y + 2x
∴ = −3
dx x dy 3(−1) 2 + 2(−5) 7
= − = −
dx ( −1, −5) 2(−5) + 2(−1) 12
11. (x − 2)y3 = x + 2
7
2 dy ∴ Gradient of tangent = −
3(x − 2) y + y3 = 1 12
dx
dy 1 − y3 Section B
∴ =
dx 3 y 2 ( x − 2)
1 1
17. + =1
12. (x2 + y2)3 = 4x5y6 x y
dy −1 1 dy
3 (x2 + y2)2 (2x + 2 y ) − 2 ⋅ =0
dx x2 y dx
5 dy
= 4x5 ⋅ 6 y + 4y6 ⋅ 5x4 dy y2
dx ∴ = − 2
dx x
dy 10 x 4 y 6 − 3 x( x 2 + y 2 ) 2
∴ =
dx 3 y ( x 2 + y 2 ) 2 − 12 x 5 y 5 xy + 3
18. =3
xy − 3
13. y2 = 4x − 8
xy + 3 = 3xy − 9
dy
2y =4 ∴ xy = 6
dx dy
dy 2 y+ x =0
= dx
dx y dy y
dy ∴ = −
=1 dx x
dx y = 2
∴ Gradient of tangent = 1 19. xy + 2x = y
14. x4 + y4 = 2

33
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

1 1
dy 6. y = sec x3
⋅ y+ x⋅ +2 ⋅ dy
2 x 2 y dx = sec x3 tan x3 ⋅ (3x2)
dx
1 dy
= ⋅ = 3x2 sec x3 tan x3
2 y dx
7. y = sin2 x
dy y + 4 xy dy
∴ = = 2 sin x cos x
dx x−x dx

20. y 1 − x2 + x y = x 8. y = sin x2
dy
− xy dy x dy = cos x2 ⋅ 2x
+ 1− x + y+
2
=1 dx
1− x 2 dx 2 y dx = 2x cos x2
dy 2(1 − y ) y (1 − x 2 ) + 2 xy y
∴ = 9. y= cot 2 x
dx 2(1 − x 2 ) y + x 1 − x 2 1
= (cot 2 x) 2
1
dy
= 1 (cot 2 x) 2 (− csc 2 2 x ⋅ 2)
−

EXERCISE 14.7 Section 14.7 Derivatives of trigonometric

functions dx 2
(page 83)
csc 2 2 x
= −
Section A cot 2 x

1. y = sin 2x 10. y = sin 3x − 4 cos x

dy dy
= 2 cos 2x = 3 cos 3x − 4 (−sin x)
dx dx
= 3 cos 3x + 4 sin x
x
2. y = cos
4 π πx
11. y = cot (x + ) + 3 sec
dy 1 x 4 4
= − sin
dx 4 4 dy π 3π πx πx
= −csc (x +
2
)+ sec tan
dx 4 4 4 4
3. y = tan (3x + 1)
dy 12. y = x − sin x
= 3 sec2 (3x +1)
dx dy
= 1 − cos x
dx
πx
4. y = cot
3 13. y = x2 − cot x
dy π πx dy
= (−csc2 ) = 2x − csc2 x
dx 3 3 dx
π πx
= − csc2
3 3 14. y = x sin 2x
dy
= 2x cos 2x + sin 2x
5. y = csc (1 − 2x) dx
dy
= −csc (1 − 2x) cot (1 − 2x) ⋅ (−2) 15. y = (2x + 3) sec x
dx
= 2 csc (1 − 2x) cot (1 − 2x) dy
= (2x + 3) sec x tan x + 2 sec x
dx

16. y = x2 tan x
dy
= x2 sec2 x + 2x tan x
dx

34
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

cos x π
17. y = 25. y = [sin (
+ x)]4
x2 2
dy x 2 (− sin x) − cos x(2 x) dy π π
= = 4 sin3 ( + x) cos ( + x)
dx x4 dx 2 2
− x sin x − 2 cos x = 4 cos3 x (−sin x)
= = − 4cos3 x sin x
x3

cos x 26. f (t) = sin (cos t)

18. y = f′ (t) = cos (cos t) (−sin t)
1 − sin x
dy (1 − sin x)(− sin x) − cos x(− cos x) = −sin t cos (cos t)
=
dx (1 − sin x) 2
u +1
1 27. h(u) = tan ( )
= u −1
1 − sin x
u + 1 (u − 1)(1) − (u + 1)(1)
h′ (u) = sec2 ( )⋅
1 − sin x u −1 (u − 1) 2
19. y =
1 + sin x 2 u +1
= − sec2 ( )
dy (1 + sin x )( − cos x) − (1 − sin x)(cos x) (u − 1) 2 u −1
=
dx (1 + sin x) 2
2 cos x 28. g(θ ) = sin10 (θ − θ 2)
= − g′ (θ )
(1 + sin x) 2
= 10 sin9 (θ − θ 2) cos (θ − θ 2) (1 − 2θ)
sin 3 x = 10 (1 − 2θ) sin9 (θ − θ 2) cos (θ − θ 2)
20. y =
x2 − 8
dy ( x 2 − 8)(3 cos 3x) − (sin 3 x)(2 x) θ
= 29. F(θ ) = 5 1 + cot
dx ( x 2 − 8) 2 3
1
3( x 2 − 8) cos 3x − 2 x sin 3x θ
= (1 + cot ) 5
= 3
( x 2 − 8) 2
4
1 θ − θ 1
F′ (θ ) = (1 + cot ) 5 (− csc 2 ) ( )
π 5 3 3 3
21. y = cos4 (2x + )
3 4
1 θ θ −
dy π π = − csc 2 (1 + cot ) 5
= 4 cos3 (2x + ) [−sin (2x + )] (2) 15 3 3
dx 3 3
π π
= −8 cos3 (2x + ) sin (2x + ) d d cos x
3 3 30. cot x = ( )
dx dx sin x
22. y = (2 + csc x)2 sin x(− sin x) − cos x(cos x)
=
dy sin 2 x
= 2(2 + csc x) (−csc x cot x)
dx − sin x − cos 2 x
2
=
= −2(2 + csc x) csc x cot x sin 2 x
1
23. y = sec (1 + 3x5) = −
sin 2 x
dy
= sec (1 + 3x5) tan (1 + 3x5) (15x4) = −csc2 x
dx d d 1
= 15 x4 sec (1 + 3x5) tan (1 + 3x5) csc x = ( )
dx dx sin x
24. y = sin 2x cos 3x 0 − cos x
=
dy sin 2 x
= sin 2x (−3 sin 3x) + 2 cos 2x cos 3x
dx − cos x 1
= ⋅
1 sin x sin x
= (5 cos 5x − cosx)
2 = −csc x cot x

35
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

d d 1 37. sec x + cot y = 3

sec x = ⋅ dy
dx dx cos x sec x tan x − csc2 y =0
0 − (− sin x) dx
= sec x tan x
cos 2 x dy
=
sin x 1 dx csc 2 y
= ⋅
cos x cos x
= sec x tan x 38. y = tan (x + y)
dy dy
31. f (x) = tan4 x = (1 + ) sec2 (x + y)
dx dx
f ′ (x) = 4 tan3 x sec2 x dy
π = −csc2 (x + y)
f′( )=8 dx
4
39. x + y = x sin (x + y)
sin 2t dy dy
32. f (t) = 1+ = (1+ ) x cos (x + y) + sin (x + y)
1 − cos t dx dx
2(1 − cos t ) cos 2t − sin 2t sin t dy x cos ( x + y ) + sin ( x + y ) − 1
f ′ (t) = =
(1 − cos t ) 2 dx 1 − x cos ( x + y )
f ′ (π) = 1
40. x sin y − y =4
33. f (θ ) = 2
1+ cos θ dy dy
x cos y + sin y − =0
cosθ sin θ dx dx
f ′ (θ ) = − dy sin y
1 + cos 2 θ =
dx 1 − x cos y
π
f′( )=0
2 41. y sin x − x cos y = 0
dy dy
u sin u sin x + y cos x − cos y + x sin y =0
34. f (u) = dx dx
u +1
dy cos y − y cos x
u 2 cos u + u cos u + sin u =
f ′ (u) = dx x sin y + sin x
(u + 1) 2
π 42. cos (x2 − y2) = xy
f ′ (π) = −
π +1 dy dy
− (2x −2y ) sin (x2 − y2) = x +y
dx dx
35. sin y = cos x
dy y + 2 x sin( x 2 − y 2 )
dy =
cos y = −sin x dx 2 y sin( x 2 − y 2 ) − x
dx
dy sin x
= − Section B
dx cos y
1
1 43. y = cos x − cos3 x
36. cos y = tan 2x 3
5 dy
1 1 dy = −sin x + cos2 x sin x
− sin y = 2 sec2 2x dx
5 5 dx = sin x (−1 + cos2 x)
10 sec 2 2 x = −sin3 x
dy −
= 1 dy
dx sin y ∴ + sin3 x = 0
5 dx

36
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

1 2. x =1−t
44. y= tan3 x − tan x + x
3 dx
= −1
dy dt
= tan2 x sec2 x − sec2 x + 1
dx y = 2 + 5t
= tan2 x (tan2 x + 1) − (tan2 x + 1) + 1 dy
=5
= tan4 x dt
dy dy 5
∴ − tan4 x = 0 ∴ = = −5
dx dx −1

45. y = x sec2 x − tan x 3. x = 3t2

dy dx
= x (2 sec x sec x tan x) + sec2 x = 6t
dx dt
− sec2 x y = 1 + 4t
= 2x sec2 x tan x dy
=4
2 x sin x dt
= dy 4 2
cos 3 x ∴ = =
dx 6t 3t
1 − tan 2 x
46. y= 4. x = t2
1 + tan 2 x
dx
sin 2 x = 2t
1− dt
= cos 2 x 1 3
sin 2 x y = t
1+ 2
cos 2 x dy 3
= cos x − sin2 x
2 = t2
dt 2
= cos 2x 3 2
dy dy t 3
∴ = −2 sin 2x ∴ = 2 = t
dx dx 4
2t
dy
i.e. + 2 sin 2x = 0
dx 5. x = 2t − 1
dx
=2
dt
EXERCISE 14.8 Section 14.8 Differentiation of parametric
equations y = 1 − 4t2
(page 86)
dy
= −8t
dt
Section A
dy −8t
∴ = = −4t
1. x = 6t + 7 dx 2
dx
=6 6. x = t2 + t
dt dx
y = 5t = 2t + 1
dy dt
=5 y = t2 − t
dt
dy
dy = 2t − 1
dy dt
∴ = dt dy 2t − 1
dx dx ∴ =
dt dx 2t + 1
5
=
6

37
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

7. x = t dy −2 sin 2t
∴ =
1 dx 2 sin t cos t
dx
= 1t 2
−
−2 sin 2t
dt 2 =
sin 2t
y = 6 − 7t = −2
dy
= −7
dt 12. x = t − sin 2t
−7 dx
dy 1 = 1 − 2 cos 2t
∴ = 1 − 12 = −14 t 2 dt
dx t
2 y = 1 − cos 2t
dy
8. x = 2 sin t = 2 sin 2t
dt
dx
= 2 cos t dy 2 sin 2t
dt ∴ =
y = 5 cos t dx 1 − 2 cos 2t
dy
= −5 sin t 13. x=t−1
dt
dx
dy −5 sin t =1
∴ = dt
dx 2 cos t
y = 2t + 3
5
= − tan t dy
2 =2
dt
9. x = 2 sec t dy
∴ = 2
dx dx t = 2
= 2 sec t tan t
dt
y = 4 tan t 14. x = 1 − t3
dy dx
= 4 sec2 t = −3t2
dt dt
dy 4 sec 2 t y = t2 − 2t + 1
∴ =
dx 2 sec t tan t dy
2 sec t = 2t − 2
= dt
tan t dy 2t − 2
= 2 csc t =
dx − 3t 2
10. x = 3 sin 7t dy 2(0) − 2 −2
= 2 =
dx dx t =0 − 3(0) 0
= 21 cos 7t
dt This is undefined.
y = 5 cos 7t
dy 15. x = t2 + 2t
= −35 sin 7t dx
dt = 2t + 2
dy −35 sin 7t dt
∴ =
dx 21 cos 7t y = t
5 dy 1
= − tan 7t = 1
−
3 t 2
dt 2
1
11. x = sin2 t 1 −2 1
dy t
dx ∴ = 2 = 1
= 2 sin t cos t dx 4 (t + 1)t 2
dt 2t + 2
y = cos 2t dy 1
1
dy = 1 =
= −2 sin 2t dx t = 4 4(4 + 1)4 2 40
dt

38
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

16. x = 2t 3
1 19. x = cos3 θ
dx
dx 2 = −3 cos2 θ sin θ
2 − dθ
= t 3
dt 3 y = sin3θ
y = 3t 3
2
dy
= 3 sin2 θ cos θ
dθ
dy 1
= 2t − 3 dy 3 sin 2 θ cos θ
dt =
1 dx − 3 cos 2 θ sin θ
−
dy 2t 3 = −tan θ
= 2
dy
dx 2 −3 π
t ∴ dx π = − tan
3 θ= 3
3
1
= 3t 3 = − 3
dy 1
= 3(−8) 3 Section B
dx t = −8
=−6 20. (a) x .............................................= 1 − t
(1)
17. x = 2 sin θ dx
dx = −1
= 2 cos θ dt
dθ y = 1 − t2.......................................(2)
y = 3 cos θ dy
dy = −2t
= −3 sin θ dt
dθ dy −2t
dy −3 sin θ =
= dx −1
dx 2 cos θ = 2t
3 Putting x = 1 into (1),
= − tan θ 1=1−t
2
t=0
dy 3 π dy dy
dx θ = π = − 2 tan 4 ∴ =
4 dx (1, 1) dx t = 0
3 = 2(0)
= −
2 =0
(b) From (1), t = 1 − x ........................(3)
18. x = t sin t Putting (3) into (2),
dx y = 1 − (1 − x)2
= t cos t + sin t
dt = 1 − (1 − 2x + x2)
y = t cos t ∴ y = f (x) = 2x − x2
dy (c) f ′ (x) = 2 − 2x
= − t sin t + cos t
dt dy
dy −t sin t + cos t ∴ = f ′ (1)
= dx (1, 1)
dx t cos t + sin t
= 2 − 2 (1)
dy − π sin π + cos π
∴ = =0
dx t = π π cos π + sin π
1
=
π

39
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

21. (a) x = t3............................................(1) When t = 1,

dx 3(1) 2
= 3t 2
y=
dt 1 + (1) 3
y = t2 ...........................................(2)
3
dy =
= 2t 2
dt
3 3
dy 2t ∴ ( , ) is a point on the curve
= 2 2
dx 3t 2 that corresponds to t = 1.
2 (b) From (1),
=
3t dx (1 + t )(3) − (3t )(3t )
3 2
Putting x = 8 into (1), =
8 = t3 dt (1 + t 3 ) 2
t=2 3 − 6t 3
dy dy =
(1 + t 3 ) 2
∴ =
dx ( 4, 8) dx t = 2 From (2),
2 dy (1 + t 3 )(6t ) − 3t 2 (3t 2 )
= =
3(2) dt (1 + t 3 ) 2
1 6 − 3t 4
= =
3 (1 + t 3 ) 2
1
(b) From (1), x 3 = t ...........................(3) dy 6 − 3t 4
∴ =
Putting (3) into (2), dx 3 − 6t 3
1
y = ( x 3 )2 dy 2 − t4
= ..................................(3)
2
dx 1 − 2t 3
∴ y = g(x) = x 3 dy dy
2 −3
1 dx ( 3 , 3 ) = dx
(c) g′ (x) = x 2 2 t=1
3 2 − 14
dy =
∴ = g′ (8) 1 − 2(1) 3
dx ( 8, 4 )
= −1
1
2 −
= (8) 3
3 ( 2) y
(c) , = t ..................................(4)
1 (1) x
=
3 Putting (4) into (1),
y
3( )
3t x
22. (a) x = ........................................(1) x=
1+ t3 y
1 + ( )3
3 x
When x = ,
2 y
3( )
3 3t x
= x= 3
2 1+ t3 x + y3
1 + t3 = 2t x3
t − 2t + 1 = 0
3
∴ The equation of the curve is
(t − 1) ( t2 + t − 1) = 0 x3 + y3 = 3xy ..........................(5)
t = 1 or − 1± 5
2
3t 2
y= .......................................(2)
1+ t3

40
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

(d) Differentiating (5) with respect to x, We can consider the curve passes
dy dy through the point (1, 1) twice, one
3x2 + 3y2 = 3y + 3x ⋅
dx dx π 3π
at θ = and one at θ = .
dy y−x 2 2 2
∴ = 2 Hence, there are two tangents, with
dx y −x
gradients 1 and −1 respectively.
3 3 2
dy −( ) (e) From (2), y2 = sin2θ cos2θ
dx = 2 2 = −1 = (1 − cos2θ) cos2θ
3 3
( , ) 3 3
2 2 ( )2 − Putting (1) into it,
2 2
y2 = (1− x2)x2
23. (a) x = cos θ......................................... (1) i.e. The equation of the curve can be
represented by
As −1 ≤ cos θ ≤ 1 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π
y2 = x2 − x4 ....................(5)
∴ The range of values of x
= [−1,1] (f) Differentiating (4) with respect to x,
(b) y = sin θ cos θ ...............................(2) dy
2y = 2x − 4x3
1 dx
= ⋅ 2 sin θ cos θ
2 dy x − 2x3
=
1 dx y
∴ y = sin 2θ...........................(3)
2 dy
is in indeterminate form at (0, 0).
As −1 ≤ sin 2θ ≤ 1 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π dx
∴ The range of values of y We have to take the limit.
1 1 Equation (5) can be considered as a
= [− , ] combination of two functions,
2 2
(c) Putting x = 0 into (1), y = x 1 − x 2 and y = −x 1 − x 2
0 = cos θ When y = x 1 − x 2 ,
π 3π
θ = or ...............(4) dy x − 2x3
2 2 = lim
x→0
Putting (4) into (2), dx ( 0, 0 ) x 1 − x2
π π π 1 − 2x2
When θ = , y = sin cos =0 = lim
2 2 2 x→0
1 − x2
3π 3π 3π =1
When θ = , y = sin cos =0
2 2 2 When y = −x 1 − x 2 ,
∴ The point (0, 0) corresponds to
π 3π dy x − 2x3
θ= or . = lim
x→0
2 2 dx ( 0, 0 ) − x 1 − x2
dx 1 − 2x2
(d) From (1), = −sin θ = lim
dθ x→0
− 1 − x2
dy
From (3), = cos 2θ = −1
dθ
dy cos 2θ
∴ =
dx − sin θ EXERCISE 14.9 Section 14.9 Second derivatives
(page 90)
π
dy cos 2( )
= 2 =1
dx θ = π Section A
π
2 − sin
2 1. y = x5 − 7x3 + 2x
3π y′ = 5x4 − 21x2 + 2
dy cos 2( )
2 = −1 y′′ = 20x3 − 42x
dx θ = 3π = 3π
2 − sin
2

41
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

2. y = 1 − 2x−1 − 3x−2 10. y= 3

9 − 5x
y′ = 2x−2 + 6x−3 2
5 −
y′′ = −4x−3 − 18x−4 y′ = − (9 − 5 x) 3
3
5
3. y = (x2 − 1) (x2 +1) 50 −
y′′ = − (9 − 5 x) 3
= x4 − 1 9
y′ = 4x3
y′′ = 12x2 11. y = x3 (2x + 3)2
= 4x5 + 12x4 + 9x3
y′ = 20x4 + 48x3 + 27x2
1 1
4. y = (3 + ) (5 − ) y′′ = 80x3 + 144x2 + 54x
x x
2 1
= 15 + − 2 12. y = (x − 1)3 (x − 4)3
x x y′ = 3(x − 4)2 (x − 1)3 + 3(x − 1)2 (x − 4)3
−2 2
y′ = 2 + 3 = 3(x − 1)2 (x − 4)2 (2x − 5)
x x y′′ = 6(x − 1)2(x − 4)2
4 6
y′′ = 3 − 4 + 6(x − 1)2 (2x − 5) (x − 4)
x x + 6(x − 1) (x − 4)2 (2x − 5)
3 4 = 6(x − 1) (x − 4) (5x 2 − 25x + 29)
5. y = 2x 2 − 6x 3
1 1 1
y′ = 3 x 2 − 8 x 3 13. y=
2t + 1
3 −2 8 −3
1 2 −2
y′′ = x − x y′ =
2 3 (2t + 1) 2
8
y′′ =
6. y = x 2 x − 8x (2t + 1) 3
3
5 2
y′ = x −8 1
2 14. y=
1 5 + 2t 2
15 2
y′′ = x 3
4 1 −
y′ = (− )(5 + 2t 2 ) 2 (4t )
2
x (x3 − 8x)
3
7. y= = − 2t (5 + 2t 2 ) − 2
7 3
= x 2 − 8x 2 3
y′′ = − 2[(5 + 2t 2 ) − 2
5 1
7 2
y′ = x − 12 x 2 3 −
5
2 + t (− )(5 + 2t 2 ) 2 (4t )]
3 1 2
y′′ = 35 x 2 − 6 x 2
−
5
4 = 2(4t 2 − 5)(5 + 2t 2 ) − 2

8. y = (x + 3)100 t +1
y′ = 100(x + 3)99 15. y=
t −1
y′′ = 9 900(x + 3)98 (t − 1) − (t + 1) −2
9. y = (2x − 5)−4 y′ = =
(t − 1) 2 (t − 1) 2
y′ = −8(2x − 5)−5
4
y′′ = 80(2x − 5)−6 y′′ =
(t − 1) 3

42
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

16. y = t t−2 24. y = sin 3x cos 4x

1
t = (sin 7 x − sin x)
y′ = t−2 + 2
2 t−2 7 1
3t − 4 y′ = cos 7 x − cos x
= 2 2
2 t−2 49 1
y′′ = − sin 7 x + sin x
1 2 2
3 t − 2 − (3t − 4)
y′′ = 1 2 t−2 )
( 1
2 t−2 25. y = sin
3t − 8 x2
= 2 1
4(t − 2) t − 2 y′ = − cos 2
x3 x
17. y = sin 3x 4 1 6 1
y′′ = − 6 sin 2 + 4 cos 2
y′ = 3 cos 3x x x x x
y′′ = −9 sin 3x
26. y = tan 2x sec2 2x
18. y = cos 5x = tan 2x + tan3 2x
y′ = −5 sin 5x y′ = 2 sec2 2x + 6 tan 2 2x sec2 2x
y′′ = −25 cos 5x = 2 (1 + 4 tan2 2x + 3 tan 4 2x)
y′′ = 2 (16 tan 2x sec2 2x + 24 tan3 2x sec2 2x)
19. y = sin x2 = 16 sec2 2x tan 2x (2 sec2 2x + tan2 2x)
y′ = 2x cos x2
y′′ = 2 cos x2 − 4x2 sin x2 27. y = sin (cos x)
20. y = tan x y′ = −sin x cos (cos x)
y′ = sec2 x y′′ = −[cos x cos (cos x)
y′′ = 2 sec2 x tan x − sin x sin (cos x) (−sin x)]
= −sin2 x sin (cos x) − cos x cos (cos x)
21. y = x2 sin x
y′ = x2 cos x + 2x sin x 28. x + 3xy + 2y =5
y′′ = −x2 sin x + 2x cos x + 2x cos x + 2 sin x dy dy
1 + 3x + 3y + 2 =0
= (2 − x2) sin x + 4x cos x dx dx
dy 1+ 3y
∴ =−
22. y = cos2 x dx 3x + 2
y′ = −2 cos x sin x dy
d2y (3 x + 2)(3 ) − (1 + 3 y ) ⋅ 3
= −sin 2x =− dx
2
y′′ = −2 cos 2x dx (3 x + 2) 2
6(1 + 3 y )
cos x =
23. y= (3 x + 2) 2
x
− x sin x − cos x
y′ = 29. y2 = 12x
x2 dy
[ x 2 (− x cos x − sin x + sin x) 2y = 12
dx
y′′ = − (− x sin x − cos x)2 x] dy 6
=
x4 dx y
(2 − x 2 ) cos x + 2 x sin x 2
d y 6 dy 6 6 36
= = − 2 ( )= − 2 ( )= − 3
x3 dx 2 y dx y y y

43
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

30. x2 − y 2 = 10 34. y = sin (x + y)

dy dy dy
2x − 2 y =0 = (1+ ) cos (x + y)
dx dx dx
dy x dy cos ( x + y )
= =
dx y dx 1 − cos ( x + y )
dy d2y
d2y y−x 10
= dx = − 3 dx 2
dx 2 y
y2 dy
[1 − cos ( x + y )][−(1 + ) sin ( x + y )]
dx
31. x2 + xy + y2 = 16 = − cos ( x + y )[(1 + dy ) sin ( x + y )]
dy dy dx
2x + x + y + 2y =0
dx dx [1 − cos ( x + y )]2
dy 2x + y dy
= − − (1 + ) sin ( x + y )
dx x + 2y = dx
d2y [1 − cos ( x + y )]2
dx 2 sin ( x + y )
dy dy = −
( x + 2 y )(2 + ) − (2 x + y )(1 + 2 ) [1 − cos ( x + y )]3
= − dx dx
( x + 2 y) 2 35. sin y + cos x = 5
96 dy
= − cos y − sin x = 0
( x + 2 y)3 dx
dy sin x
=
32. y3 + 2y −1= 3x dx cos y
dy dy dy
3y2 +2 =3 d2y cos y cos x + sin x sin y
dx dx = dx
dy 3 dx 2 cos 2 y
=
dx 3y + 2
2
sin 2 x sin y
dy cos y cos x +
6y 54 y = cos y
d2y
= ( −3) dx = − 2
cos y
dx 2 (3 y 2 + 2) 3
(3 y 2 + 2) 2
cos 2 y cos x + sin y sin 2 x
=
cos 3 y
33. x+ y =4
1 1 dy 36. y = (2x + 3)n
+ =0
2 x 2 y dx dy
= n(2x + 3)n−1 (2)
dy y dx
= − = 2n(2x + 3)n−1
dx x
dy d2y
1 x −y = 2n(n − 1) (2x+3)n−2 (2)
d2y 1 y − 2 dx dx 2
=
dx 2 − ( ) ( 2
) = 4n(n − 1) (2x+3)n−2
2 x x
d2y dy
1 y (2x + 3)2 2 − 9 (2x + 3) + 10y = 0
= (1 + ) dx dx
2x x
∴ (2x + 3)2 ⋅ 4n (n − 1) (2x +3)n−2
x+ y − 9 (2x + 3) ⋅ 2n (2x + 3)n−1
=
2x x + 10 (2x + 3)n = 0
4
=
2x x
2
=
x x

44
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

The equation holds for all x, 39. (a) x = f (t), y = g(t)

∴ 4n2 − 4n −18n + 10= 0 dy
2n2 − 11n + 5 = 0 dy
= dt
(n − 5) (2n −1) = 0 dx dx
1 dt
n = 5 or (rejected) 2
2 d y
∴ n=5 dx 2
d dy
37. y = A cos 3x + B sin 3x = ( )
dx dx
dy
= −3A sin 3x + 3B cos 3x dx d dy d dx dy
dx ⋅ ( )− ( )⋅
d2y = dt dx dt dx dt dt
= −9A cos 3x − 9B sin 3x dx 2
( )
dx 2 dt
d2y dx d dy d1 dy
+ 6y = 5 cos 3x − sin 3x ⋅ ( )− ⋅
dx 2 dt dx dt dt dt
=
∴ (− 9A cos 3x − 9B sin 3x) dx 2
( )
+ 6(A cos 3x + B sin 3x) dt
= 5 cos 3x − sin 3x dx d dy
− 3A cos 3x − 3B sin 3x ⋅ ( )
= dt dx dt
= 5 cos 3x − sin 3x dx
( )2
Comparing coefficients of cos 3x and dt
sin 3x on both sides, d dy
−3A = 5 and −3B= −1 ( )
5 1 = dx dt
∴ A= − and B= dx
3 3 dt
Section B t2
(b) x = , y = 1− t
2
38. b2x2 + a2 y2 = a2b2
dy
dy
2b2x + 2a 2 y =0 dy dt
dx ∴ =
dx dx
dy b2 x dt
= − 2
dx a y −1
=
dy t
d2y 2 y−x
= − b dx ) d dy
dx 2 ( ( )
a2 y2 d2y dt dx
=
b2 x dx 2 dx
y − x(− ) dt
= b2 a2 y
− [ ] 1
a2 y2 = t2
b2 a2 y + b2 x2 t
= − ( )
a2 a2 y3 1
= 3
b 2 a 2b 2 t
= − ( )
a2 a2 y3
b4
= −
a2 y3

45
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

40. (a) x = (c) If y = A sin mx + kx sin 2x, then

1+ t2 , y = 1− t2
d2y
dy + 4y
dy dx 2
= dt d 2 (A sin mx + kx sin 2 x)
dx dx =
dt dx 2
−t + 4(A sin mx +kx sin 2x)
d 2 (A sin mx)
1− t 2 = [ + 4A sin mx ]
= dx 2
t
1+ t2 d 2 (kx sin 2 x)
+[ + 4kx sin 2 x ]
dx 2
1+ t2 = 0 + 2 cos 2x (given)
= −
1− t2 = 2 cos 2x
x i.e. y = A sin mx + kx sin 2x is a
= − solution of the equation in (b).
y
dy
d2y y−x
(b) = − dx
dx 2 REVISION Revision exercise 14
(page 94)
y2
EXERCISE 14
x
y − x (− )
= y
− 2 Section A
y 1

x2 + y2 1. f (x) = (1 + 8 x) 4
= −
y3 1 −
3
−
3
f ′ (x) = (1 + 8 x) 4 (8) = 2(1 + 8 x) 4
2 4
= − 3 ( x2 + y2 = 2)
y 3 2
f ′ (10) = 2[1 + 8(10)]− 4 =
27
41. (a) y = A sin mx
dy 2. y = (3 + 2x) 1 − 5 x
= mA cos mx
dx dy
d2y dx
= −m2A sin mx 1
dx 2 1 −
= (3+2x) ⋅ (1 − 5 x) 2 (−5) + 1 − 5 x (2)
d2y 2
+ 4y = 0 1
dx 2 1 −
= (1 − 5 x) 2 (−15 − 10 x + 4 − 20 x)
∴ −m2A sin mx + 4A sin mx = 0 2
−m2 + 4 = 0 1 −
1

m=±2 = (1 − 5 x) 2 (−11 − 30 x)
2
(b) y = kx sin 2x
dy 3. (a) y = x3 sin 2x
= k[x(2 cos 2x) + sin 2x]
dx dy
= x3 (2 cos 2x) + (sin 2x) (3x2)
d2y dx
= k[x(−4 sin 2x) + 2 cos 2x
dx 2 = 2x3 cos 2x + 3x2 sin 2x
+ 2 cos 2x] d2y
(b) = 2x3 (−2 sin 2x) + (cos 2x)(6x2)
= k(−4x sin 2x + 4 cos 2x) dx 2
d2y + 3x2 (2 cos 2x ) + (sin 2x) (6x)
+ 4y = 2 cos 2x
dx 2 = (−4x3 + 6x)sin 2x + 12x2 cos 2x
∴ k(−4x sin 2x + 4 cos 2x)
1
+ 4kx sin 2 x = 2 cos 2x
(1 + 3 x) 3
4k cos 2x = 2 cos 2x 4. y= 1
1 (1 − 2 x) 2
∴ k =
2
46
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

1 1
= (1 + 3 x) 3 (1 − 2 x) − 2 π π 2
sin 2( )
π 2 2
dy f′ ( ) =
2 π 2
dx 1 − cos 2 ( )
3 2
1 1 −
= (1 + 3x) 3 [ − (1 − 2 x) 2 (−2)] π
2 =
1 1 −
2 2
−
+ (1 − 2 x) 2 [ (1 + 3 x) 3 (3)]
3
cos 2 u
1
−
3
−
1
−
2 9. f (u) =
= (1 + 3x) (1 − 2 x)3 2 + (1 − 2 x) 2 (1 + 3 x) 3 1 + sin 2 u
2 3 1 − sin 2 u
= (1 + 3 x) − −
[(1 + 3x) + (1 − 2x)] =
3
(1 − 2 x) 2
1 + sin 2 u
2 3 1 −θ
= (2 − x) (1 + 3 x) − 3 (1 − 2 x) − 2 f (u) = where θ = sin2 u
1+θ
dy 2 3 (1 + θ )(−1) − (1 − θ ) dθ
= (2 − 0) (1 + 0) − 3 (1 − 0) − 2 f ′ (u) =
dx x=0 (1 + θ ) 2 du
=2 −2
= (2 sin u cos u )
(1 + sin 2 u ) 2
1
y = (1 − 3
2
5. ) −2 sin 2u
x =
(1 + sin 2 u ) 2
4
dy 1 1 − π
= 2( )[−(− ) x 3 ] cos 2
dx 1− 3 x 3 π 4 = 1
f( )=
1 4 4 π 3
2 − − 1 + sin 2
= (1 − x 3 ) x 3 4
3
π
− 2 sin 2 ( )
sin 2 θ π 4 8
f′( )= 2 = −
6. y = 4  2 π  9
cos θ 1 + sin ( 4 )
dy cosθ (2 sin θ cos θ ) − sin 2 θ (− sin θ )  
= π π 1 8
dθ cos 2 θ ∴ f ( ) − 3 f′ ( ) = − 3(− ) = 3
4 4 3 9
sin θ (1 + cos 2 θ )
=
cos 2 θ 10. f (θ ) = a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cosθ
= sin θ (1 + sec 2 θ )
2ab sin θ
f ′ (θ ) =
2 1 2 a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cosθ
7 y = tan x + tan 3 x + tan 5 x π
3 5 2ab sin
y′ = sec x + 2 tan x sec 2 x + tan 4 x sec 2 x
2 2 π 2
f′( )=
= sec6x 2 π
2 a 2 + b 2 − 2ab cos
2
8. f (t) = 1 − cos 2 t 2 ab
=
2 cos t 2 sin t 2 ⋅ (2t ) a 2 + b2
f ′ (t) =
2 1 − cos 2 t 2
2
11. f (x) = cos3 x
t sin 2t f′ (x) = 3 cos2 x (−sin x)
=
1 − cos 2 t 2 = −3 cos2 x sin x
f′′ (x) = −3 cos2 x (cos x)
+ sin x [(−6 cos x) (−sin x)]
= −3 cos3 x + 6 sin2 x cos x

47
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

d Differentiating (1) with respect to x,

12. (a) [sin (1 − x2)] = [cos (1 − x2)] (−2x) dy dy
dx 2x + 3y + 3x + 8y =0
= −2x cos (1 − x2) dx dx
d sin(1 − x 2 ) dy 2x + 3y
(b) [ ] ∴ = −
dx x2 dx 3x + 8 y

x2 ⋅
d d
[sin (1 − x 2 )] − sin (1 − x 2 ) ⋅ ( x 2 )
d2y
= (b)
dx dx dx 2
x4
d 2x + 3 y
x 2 [−2 x cos (1 − x 2 )] − 2 x sin (1 − x 2 ) = (− )
= dx 3 x + 8 y
x4 dy dy
(3x + 8 y )(−2 − 3 ) + (2 x + 3 y )(3 + 8 )
− 2 x cos (1 − x ) − 2 sin (1 − x 2 )
2 2
= dx dx
= (3x + 8 y ) 2
x3
dy
− 7 y + 7x
13. (a) y = f (x) = = dx
25 − x ......................(1)
2

1
(3 x + 8 y ) 2
dy 1 −
= (25 − x 2 ) 2 (−2 x) 2x + 3 y
dx 2 − 7 y + 7 x (− )
1
= 3x + 8 y
= − x(25 − x 2 ) − 2 (3x + 8 y ) 2
dy 1 − 7(3xy + 8 y 2 + 2 x 2 + 3 xy)
= − 3(25 − 3 ) 2
− =
dx ( 3, 4 )
2
(3 x + 8 y ) 3
3 − 14( x 2 + 3 xy + 4 y 2 )
= − =
4 (3x + 8 y )3
(b) From (1), y2 = 25 − x2 −14(8)
= (from (1))
x2 = 25 − y2 (3 x + 8 y )3
x≥0 112
∴ The inverse function of f(x) is = −
(3 x + 8 y ) 3
x= 25 − y 2 .
16. (a) x = tan θ ....................................(1)
dx 1 −
1
dx
(c) = (25 − y 2 ) 2 (−2 y ) = sec2θ
dy 2 dθ
1
y = sec θ ....................................(2)
= −y (25 − y 2 ) − 2
dy
= sec θ tan θ
dx −
1 dθ
= −4 (25 − 4 2 ) 2
dy dy secθ tan θ
( 3, 4 ) ∴ =
4 dx sec 2 θ
= − tan θ
3 =
secθ
14. x3 + xy2 = 5 = sin θ
dy dy π
3x2 + x (2y) + y2 = 0 2
dx dx θ = π = sin 4 = 2
4
dy 3x 2 + y 2
∴ = −
dx 2 xy
(b) As sec2θ − tan2 θ = 1,
dy 3(1) + 2
2 2
7
=− =− from (1) and (2), the required equation is
dx (1, 2 ) 2(1)(2) 4 y2 − x2 = 1.
7
∴ Gradient of tangent = −
4

15. (a) x2 + 3xy + 4y2 = 8 …………(1)

48
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

d2y d dy 22. (a) x = (1 + t)2, y = (1 − t)2

(c) = ( )
dx 2
dx dx dy −2(1 − t )
=
d dx 2(1 + t )
= (sinθ )
dx t −1
=
d sin θ dθ 1+ t
= ⋅
dθ dx dy t − 1
(b) = =0
1 dx 1 + t
= cosθ ⋅
sec 2 θ ∴ t=1
= cos3 θ When t = 1, x = 4, y = 0.
d2y π ∴ The required point is (4, 0).
2
∴ dx 2 π = cos 3 ( ) = (c) x =y
θ = 4 4
4 (1 + t)2 = (1 − t)2
∴ t= 0
Section B
dx 0 −1
= = −1
20. (a) (uv)′ = uv′+ vu′ dy t =0 1+ 0
(uv)′′ = (uv′+ vu′)′
= uv′′+ u′v′+ vu′′+ v′u′ 23. (a)
= u′′v + 2u′v′+ uv′′
(b) Let u = x2 , v = sin x.
Then u′ = 2x, u′′ = 2;
v′ = cos x, v′′ = −sin x.
∴ (x2 sin x)′′
= 2(sin x) + 2(2x)(cos x)
+ x2(−sin x)
= 2 sin x + 4x cos x − x2 sin x

21. (a) x2 + y2 −12x − 6y + 25 = 0...............(1)

x2 + y2 + 2x + y − 10 = 0...............(2)
(1) − (2),
−14x − 7y + 35 = 0
∴ y = 5 − 2x................................(3)
Putting (3) into (2) yields
x2 − 4x + 4 = 0
(x − 2)2 = 0
x=2
From (3), y=1
∴ The point of intersection is (2, 1).
(b) From (1), (b) y = x2 − 2........................................(1)
dy dy
2x + 2 y − 12 − 6 =0 y = −2x2 + 10..................................(2)
dx dx Putting (2) into (1),
dy 6− x −2x2 + 10 = x2 − 2
∴ =
dx y −3 3x2 = 12
dy 6−2 x=±2
= = −2 ∴ The points of intersection are
dx ( 2, 1) 1 − 3
Similarly, for equation (2), (2, 2) and (−2, 2).
dy
= −2
dx ( 2, 1)
(c) Yes ,it is because they have the same
gradient.

49
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 14)

(c) For equation (1), At (3, 0), there are 2 tangents.

dy For t = − 3 ,
= 2x
dx the gradient of the tangent
dy dy
m1 = =4 =
dx ( 2,2 ) dx t = − 3
For equation (2), 3(− 3 ) 2 − 3
dy =
= −4x 2(− 3 )
dx
dy = − 3
m2 = = −8
dx ( 2,2 ) For t = 3 ,
the gradient of the tangent
(d) Let θ be the acute angle between the dy
tangents. =
dx t = 3
m2 − m1
tan θ = 3( 3 ) 2 − 3
1 + m2 m1 =
2( 3 )
−8− 4
= = 3
1 + (−8)(−4)
(d) The tangent is horizontal when
12
= 3t2 − 3 = 0
31
i.e. t = − 1 or 1
θ = 21°(cor. to the nearest degree) Putting these values of t into (1)
and (2),
24. (a) x = t2 ...............................................(1)
when t = −1, x = (−1)2 = 1
y = t3 − 3t.........................................(2)
and y = (−1)3 −3 (−1) = 2
Putting y = 0 into (2),
when t = 1, x = (1)2 = 1
0 = t3 − 3t
and y = (1)3 −3 (1) = −2
t (t − 3) = 0
2
∴ The required points are (1, 2)
t = 0 or ± 3 ......................(3) and (1, −2).
Putting (3) into (1),
when t = 0, x = 02 = 0 (e) From (2),
when t = ± 3 , x = ( ± 3 )2 = 3 y = t (t2 − 3)
∴ y2 = t2 (t2 − 3)2
∴ The curve C meets the x-axis Putting (1) into it, the equation of the
at (0, 0) and (3, 0). curve can be represented as
dx y2 = x (x − 3)2.
(b) From (1), = 2t
dt
dy
From (2), = 3t2 − 3
dt
dy 3t 2 − 3
∴ =
dx 2t
(c) At (0, 0), the gradient of the tangent
dy
=
dx t = 0
3(0) − 3
=
2(0)
−3
=
0
which is undefined.

50