New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

CHAPTER 17
DEFINITE INTEGRAL

EXERCISE 17.1 Section 17.1 Definite integral as the limit

of a sum
(page 233)

Section A

1. The approximate area= 1 × 3 + 1 × 2 (b) The approximate area

=5 = 0.4 × (0.43 + 0.83 + 1.23 + 1.63 + 2.03)
= 5.76
1
1 1 1 7. (a)
2. The approximate area = ×  + 3 + 
2 1 2
2
1
=1
12

3. The approximate area

= 0.25 × [1 + (1 − 0.252) + (1 − 0.52)
+ (1 − 0.752)]
= 0.781 25

4. The approximate area

π  π 3π 
= ×  cos + cos 
4  8 8 
= 1.026 2

5. (a)
(b) The approximate area
= 0.5 × [(4 − 02) + (4 − 0.52)
+ (4 − 12) + (4 − 1.52)]
= 6.25

8. (a)

(b) The approximate area

= 1 × [(2 × 1.5 + 1) + (2 × 2.5 + 1)
+ (2 × 3.5 +1)]
= 18
6. (a)

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

(b) The approximate area 4 1

π  π
=  3 sin + 3 sin
π
14. (a) ∫1
(2 x + 1) dx =
2
(3 + 9) (4 – 1)

4  6 3 = 18
2π 5π  (b) They are the same.
+ 3 sin + 3 sin 
3 6 
= 6.437 2 Section B

1 15. Suppose [0, 2] is partitioned into n

9. ∫−1
( x 2 + 2) dx
subintervals of width Δ x = ⋅
2
≈ 0.5 {[(−1) 2 + 2] + [(−0.5) 2 + 2] n
Let zi be the right end point of each
+ (0 2 + 2) + (0 2 + 2) + (0.5 2 + 2)} subinterval.
= 4.75 Then zi = i ⋅ Δ x, for i = 1, 2,…, n
2i
0 =
10. ∫−2
x dx n
Sum of the areas of n rectangles
≈ 0.5 ( − 1.75 + − 1.25 = Sn
n
+ − 0.75 + − 0.25 )
= ∑ f ( zi ) Δ x
=2 i =1
n
0 = ∑ zi Δ x
11. ∫−4
16 − x 2 dx i =1
n
2i 2
= 1  16 − (−3) + 16 − (−2) 2
2 = ∑ n ⋅n
 i =1
4 n
+ 16 − (−1) 2 + 16 − 0 
2

= ∑i
n i =1
= 13.982 8 4 1
= ⋅ n (n + 1)
π
n 2
1
12.
∫  1
2
dx
0 sin x + 1 = 2 1 + 
 n

 2

≈
π  1
+
1 ∴ ∫ x dx = lim S
0
n →∞ n

8  sin 0 + 1 sin π + 1
  1
 6 = nlim
→∞
2 1 + 
  n
1 1  = 2(1+ 0)
+ +  =2
sin + 1 sin + 1 
π π
3 2  16. Suppose [0, 1] is partitioned into n
= 1.061 3 1
subintervals of width Δ x = ⋅
13. (a) y = 2 is a horizontal line which n
is 2 units from the x-axis. Let zi be the right end point of each
4 subinterval.
∴
∫0
2 dx = 2 × (4 – 0) Then zi = i ⋅ Δ x, for i = 1, 2,…, n
=8 i
=
n
= π [ 2 − (−1)]
2
(b) Similarly, ∫−1
π dx
= 3π

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

Sum of the areas of n rectangles

= Sn
n
= ∑ f ( zi ) Δ x
i =1
n
= ∑ (1 − zi 2 ) Δ x
i =1
n  i2  1
= ∑ 1 −  ⋅
 n2  n
i =1  
n
1 n
i2
= ∑ −∑ 3
n i =1 n
i =1

1 n 2
=1− ∑i
n 3 i=1
1 1
= 1 − 3 ⋅ n (n + 1) (2n + 1)
n 6 (b) (i) For x in [0, 1],
1  1  1
x2 ≥ x3
=1− 1 +   2 + 
6  n  n 1 1

1 ∴ ∫x 2
dx ≥ ∫x 3
dx
∫
0 0
∴ (1 − x ) dx
2
0 (ii) For x in [1, 2],
= nlim
→∞
Sn x3 ≥ x 2
2 2

= nlim
→∞ 
 1 1 1 
1 − 1 +   2 +  
∴ ∫1
x 3 dx ≥ ∫x
1
2
dx
 6 n n 
1
= 1 − (1 + 0) (2 + 0)
6 EXERCISE 17.2 Section 17.2 Properties of definite
integrals
(page 240)
2
=
3
Section A
b n

∫ f ( x) dx = nlim ∑ f ( zi ) Δ x 3 3

∫ 2 f ( x) dx = 2 ∫
17. (a) →∞ 1. (a) f ( x) dx
a i =1 1 1
n
= 2 × 12
≤ nlim
→∞ ∑ MΔ x = 24
i =1
3

∫ 5g ( x) dx = 0
n
= M nlim
→∞ ∑Δ x (b)
3
i =1
3

∴ ∫a
b
f ( x) dx ≤ M(b − a)
(c) ∫ [ f ( x) + 2 g ( x)] dx
1
3 3
Similarly, = ∫ f ( x) dx + 2 ∫ g ( x) dx
b 1 1
m(b − a) ≤ ∫
a
f ( x) dx = 12 + 2 × 7
= 26
b
∴ m(b − a) ≤ ∫a
f ( x) dx ≤ M(b − a)
(d)
3

∫ [4 g ( x) − f ( x)] dx
1
(b) For every x in [2, 5], 3 3

22 + 1 ≤ x2 + 1 ≤ 52 + 1 = 4 ∫ g ( x) dx − ∫ f ( x) dx
1 1
i.e. 5 ≤ x2 + 1 ≤ 26 = 4 × 7 − 12
5
∴ 5(5 − 2) ≤ ∫ ( x + 1) dx ≤ 26(5 − 2)
2
2 = 16
5
i.e. 15 ≤ ∫ ( x + 1) dx ≤ 78 2
2
18. (a)
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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

0 5 π
2. (a) ∫5
g ( x) dx = − ∫0
g ( x) dx (1) + (2), 2 ∫ f ( x) dx = 14
0

= − (−4) π

=4 ∫ f ( x) dx = 7
0
5

∫
π π
(b)
0
f ( x) dx ∴
∫ 3 f ( x) dx = 3 ∫
0 0
f ( x) dx
5 5
=3×7
= ∫ 0
[ f ( x) − g ( x)] dx + ∫ g ( x) dx
0 = 21
= 9 + (−4)
π
=5
5
(b) (1) − (2), 2 ∫ g ( x) dx = −4
∫
0
(c) [2 f ( x) + 3g ( x)] dx 0

∫ 2 g ( x) dx = 4
0
5 5
∴
∫ ∫
π
=2 f ( x) dx − 3 g ( x) dx
π 1 1 
∫
0 0
(c)  f ( x) − g ( x) dx
= 2 × 5 + 3 × (−4) 0 2 3 
= −2
1 π 1 π
1 1 1
=
2 0 ∫
f ( x) dx −
3 0
g ( x) dx ∫
3. (a) ∫−2
f ( x) dx =
3 −2 ∫
3 f ( x) dx
=
1 1
× 7 − × (−2)
1 2 3
= × 12 25
3 =
=4 6

1 5 1 5
(b) ∫ −2
[ f ( x) + g ( x)] dx = 17 5. (a) ∫2
f ( x) dx =
7 2 ∫
7 f ( x) dx
1 1

∫ −2
f ( x) dx + ∫ −2
g ( x) dx = 17 =
1
7
× 21
1
4+ ∫ g ( x) dx = 17 =3
−2 5 2 5

∴ ∫
1
g ( x) dx = 13
(b) ∫1
f ( x) dx = ∫
1
f ( x) dx + ∫ 2
f ( x) dx
−2 = 10 + 3
−2
= 13
(c) ∫−2
[3 f ( x) + g ( x)] dx = 0
−2 3 8 8
(d) ∫1
[ f ( x) − g ( x)] dx 6. (a) ∫ g ( x) dx + ∫ g ( x) dx = ∫ g ( x) dx
0 3 0
1 3
=− ∫ −2
[ f ( x) − g ( x)] dx
∫ g ( x) dx + 7 = 11
0
1 1
= −∫ ∫
3

−2
f ( x) dx +
−2
g ( x) dx ∴
∫ g ( x) dx = 4
0
= −4 + 13 0 3

=9 (b) ∫ − 2 g ( x) dx = − ∫ − 2 g ( x) dx
3 0
3
π = 2 ∫ g ( x) dx
4. (a) ∫ [ f ( x) + g ( x)] dx = 5
0
0

π π
=2×4
∴
∫ f ( x) dx + ∫ g ( x) dx = 5..........(1)
0 0
=8
π

∫ [ f ( x) − g ( x)] dx = 9
0
π π
∴
∫ f ( x) dx − ∫ g ( x) dx = 9..........(2)
0 0

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

−6 10. L.H.S.
7. (a) ∫ h( x) dx = −8 0 3 −1

−2
−2
=∫ f ( x) dx +∫ f ( x) dx + ∫ f ( x) dx
∫
−1 0 3
∴ h( x) dx = 8 3 −1
= ∫ f ( x) dx + ∫ f ( x) dx
−6
−3

∫
−1 3
7 h( x) dx = −14
−6 =0
−3 1 = R.H.S.
∴
∫ −6
h( x) dx =
7
× (−14)
1

−3 −2
= −2
−2
11. (a) ∫ 3 dx = 3 ⋅ (1 − 0)
0

∫
−6 ∫ h( x) dx = ∫ h( x) dx
h( x) dx +
−3 −6 1
=3
1 1

∴ −2 + ∫ h( x) dx = 8
−2 (b) ∫0
(2 x 2 + 3) dx = 2 ∫ x dx + ∫ 3 dx
0
2
0
−3
1
−2 = 2  + 3
∴
∫ h( x) dx = 10 −3
 3
−3 −3 11
(b) ∫ − 4h(t ) dt = ∫ − 4h( x) dx
−2 −2
=
3
−2
= 4 ∫ h( x) dx 12. Let f (x) = x sin x.
−3

= 4 × 10 f (−x) = (−x) sin (−x)

= 40 = (−x) (−sin x)
5 = x sin x
8. (a) ∫1
[ f ( x) − g ( x)] dx = 9 = f (x)
∴ f (x) is an even function.
5 5
∴
∫ f ( x) dx − ∫ g ( x) dx = 9...........(1) π π
∴
∫ ∫
2
1 1
π x sin x dx = 2 2
x sin x dx
1 −

∫
0
[2 f ( x) + g ( x)] dx = −3 2
5
5 13. Let f (x) = x3.
∫
1
[2 f ( x) + g ( x)] dx = 3
f (−x) = (−x) 3
5 5 = −x3
∴2
∫1
f ( x) dx + ∫ g ( x) dx = 3...........(2)
1 = − f (x)
5 ∴ f (x) is an odd function.
(2) − (1) × 2, 3 ∫ g ( x) dx = −15 In general, for an odd function f (x),
1
5 n

∫ g ( x) dx = −5 ∑ f ( z ) ∆x
a

1 ∫ 0
f ( x) dx = Δlim
x →0
i =1
i

5
(b) ∫0
6 g ( z ) dz
= − Δlim
x →0
n

∑ f ( − z ) ∆x i
5

∫
i =1
= 6 g ( x) dx
0 [−a, 0] can be partitioned in the same
1 5 way as [0, a].
= 6[ ∫ g ( x) dx +
∫ g ( x) dx ] a 0

= 6[3 + (−5)]
0 1 ∴
∫ 0
f ( x) dx = − ∫ −a
f ( x) dx
a
= −12 i.e. ∫ −a
f ( x) dx
b a 0 a
9. ∫a
f ( x) dx + ∫ b
f ( x) dx = ∫−a
f ( x) dx + ∫ 0
f ( x) dx
b b a a
= ∫ f ( x) dx − ∫ f ( x) dx
a a
=− ∫ 0
f ( x) dx + ∫
0
f ( x) dx
=0 =0
2
∴
∫ −2
x 3 dx = 0

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

14. Let f (x) = cos x. 2 2

f (−x) = cos (−x) = ∫0

5 dx + ∫0
4 − x 2 dx
= cos x = 5(2 − 0) + π
= f (x)
= 10 + π
∴ f (x) is an even function.
π
18. (a) From the graph of y = sin x,
∫ −
2
π cos x dx = A
the area under the curve on the interval
2
π π π
[0, ] is equal to that area on [ , π ] .
∴ 2
∫ cos x dx = A
2
2 2
0 π
1 π
∴ sin x dx = ∫∫ sin x dx
π 2
A
∴
∫ cos x dx = 2 0
2
0
0 2
1
= ×2
Section B 2
=1
15. (a) (x + 1)3 − (x − 1)3 π
(b)
∫ cos x dx
2
= (x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1) 0
− (x3 − 3x2 + 3x − 1) π
= 6x2 + 2 = ∫ sin x dx (The area under the curves
π
2
1 1
(b) ∫0
( x + 1) 3 dx − ∫0
( x − 1) 3 dx are
intervals)
identical on the respective
1
= ∫ 0
[( x + 1) 3 − ( x − 1) 3 ] dx =1
π
1
= ∫ (6 x 2 + 2) dx (c)
∫ (3 sin x − 2 cos x) dx
2
0 0
1 1 π π
=6 ∫x 0
2
dx + ∫
0
2 dx =3
∫ 0
2
sin x dx − 2 ∫0
2
cos x dx
1 =3×1−2×1
= 6  + 2
 3 =1
=4 2π
(d) ∫0
sin x dx
2
1
16. (a) ∫0
x dx = × 2 × 2
2 = ∫
π

0
sin x dx +
∫
2π
sin x dx
π
=2
=2+2
(b) −x = x =4
∴ x is an even function. π 0

∫ ∫
π

2 2
(e)
−π
sin x dx =
−π
sin x dx + ∫0 sin x dx
∴ ∫− 2 x dx = 2 ∫ x dx
0 = −2 + 2
2 =0
=2 ∫ 0
x dx

=2×2
=4

17. (a) f (x) = 4 − x 2 is symmetric about

the y-axis,
2

∫
2
∴ 4 − x 2 dx = 2 ∫0 4 − x 2 dx
−2

= 2π
2
(b) ∫ (5 +
0
4 − x 2 ) dx

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

∫ (t − 3t + 4) dt
2
EXERCISE 17.3 Section 17.3 Evaluation of definite 7.
integrals 1
(page 250)
2
1 3 
=  t 3 − t 2 + 4t 
Section A 3 2 1
1 3 3 
=  ( 2 ) − ( 2 ) + 4( 2 )
9 2
1. ∫ 7 dx = [ 7 x ] 9
−1  3 2 
−1

= 7(9) − 7(−1) 1 3 
−  (1) 3 − (1) 2 + 4(1)
= 70 3 2 
5
4
=1
2. ∫ (3x − 2) dx
1
6
4
3  1
=  x 2 − 2 x
∫ (u − u 3 + 2u ) du
5
8.
2 1 0
1
3 2  3 2  1 1 
=  (4) − 2(4) −  (1) − 2(1) =  u6 − u4 + u2 
2  2  6 4 0
1 1 1
= 16 = (1) 6 − (1) 4 + 12
2 6 4
11
3 =
3
1  12
3. ∫0
x 3 dx =  x 4 
 4 0
3
1 1
= (3) 4 − (0) 4
4 4
9. ∫ x( 2 x − 5) dx
−1
3
1 = ∫ (2 x − 5 x)dx 2
= 20 −1
4 3
2 5 
=  x3 − x 2 
1
1 
1
3 2  −1
4. ∫−1
x 4 dx =  x 5 
 5  −1 2 5  2 5 
=  (3) 3 − (3) 2  −  (−1) 3 − (−1) 2 
1 1 3 2  3 2 
= (1) 5 − (−1) 5
5 5 1
= −1
2 3
=
5
−1
10. ∫ ( y 3 + 4 y − 7) dy
[ ]
3 −2
3 1
5.
∫2 x2
dx = − x −1
2 1 
=  y 4 + 2 y 2 − 7 y
−1

= − 3 + 2 −1
−1
 4  −2
1 1 4 2 
= =  (−1) + 2(−1) − 7(−1)
6 4 
1 
4 −  (−2) 4 + 2(−2) 2 − 7(−2)
4 3
5 8  4 
6. ∫1
x dx =  x 5 
5

 8 1 3
= − 16
5 5
8 8 4
= (4) 5 − (1) 5
8 8
= 5.118 5

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

3
x +1
∫
8
11.
−2
( x + 1)(2 x − 3) dx 15. ∫1 3
3
dx
3
= ∫ −2
(2 x 2 − x − 3) dx
=
∫
8 2
(x 3 + x
−
1
3
) dx
3 1
2 1 
=  x3 − x 2 − 3x  3 5 3 2 
8

3 2  −2 =  x3 + x3 
2 3 1 2   5 2  1
=  (3) − (3) − 3(3)
3 2   3 53 3 23   3 53 3 3 
2

=  (8) + (8)  −  (1) + (1) 

2 1   5 2   5 2 
−  (−2) 3 − (−2) 2 − 3(−2)
 3 2 
= 23.1
5
= 5
6 −1 1
16. ∫−8
(3 z + 3
z
) 2 dz
2 1 2 2 1
∫ (t − ) 2 dt = ∫
2
12. (t − + 2 ) dt −1
2
−
2
1 3t 1 3 9t
2
=
∫−8
(z 3 +2+ z 3 ) dz
1 2 1  −1
=  t 3 − t − t −1  3 5 1

 3 3 9 1 =  z 3 + 2 z + 3z 3 
 5  −8
1 3 2 1 −1 
=  (2) − (2) − (2) 
3 3 9  3 5 1

=  (−1) 3 + 2(−1) + 3(−1) 3 
1 2 1   5 
−  (1) 3 − (1) − (1) −1 
3 3 9  3 5 1
3

13 −  (−8) + 2(−8) + 3(−8) 
3

=1  5 
18
= 35.6
3 t 7 − 3t 2 3

∫ ∫
2
(t 2 − 3t − 2 ) dt
13.
1 t4
dt =
1
17. ∫0
(2 x − 3) 5 dx
3
1  1 
2
=  t 4 + 3t −1  =  (2 x − 3) 6 
4 1 12 0
1 4 −1  1 1
=  (3) + 3(3)  = [2(2) − 3] 6 − [2(0) − 3] 6
4  12 12
1  2
−  (1) 4 + 3(1) −1  = − 60
3
4 
= 18
−3 1
dx =  1 (3 x − 4) −3 
1

4 3  1 3

4
18. ∫0 (3 x − 4) 4 3


0
14. ∫ ( − 5 u ) du = 6u 2 − 10 u 2  1 1
1 u  3 1 = (3 − 4)−3 − (−4)−3
3 3
 1
10
3
 21
= 6(4) 2 − (4) 2  =−
 3  64
 1
10
3
 7
− 6(1) 2 − (1) 2  7 2  1

 3  19. ∫3 2t − 5
dt = 2(2t − 5) 2 
  3
1
= − 17 1 1
3 = 2 [2(7) − 5)] 2 − 2[2(3) − 5] 2
=4

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

2 6 = 28 + 2π
20. ∫−11 3 5 − 2y
dy
π
27.
∫
2
 9  2 2
( x + cos x)dx
= − (5 − 2 y )  3 0

 2  −11 π
 2 2
9 2 9 2 =  x + sin x 
= − [5 − 2(2)] 3 + [5 − 2(−11)] 3 2 0
2 2
= 36 1 π 2 π 02
= ( ) + sin − − sin 0
2 2 2 2
π π

21. ∫
3
π
sin θ dθ = [ − cosθ ] 3
π =
π2
+1
− −
3 3 8
π π
= − cos + cos (− ) π
3 3
∫ sin 2 x dx
2
28. π
=0 −
2
π
1
∫
π π
= 2
(1 − cos 2 x) dx
22. ∫ 4
π cosθ dθ = [ sin θ ] 4
π −
π
2
− − 2
4 4 π
π π 1 1 2
= sin − sin (− ) =  x − sin 2 x 
4 4 2 4 −π
2
= 2
π 1 π 1
= − sin π + + sin (− π )
π 4 4 4 4
π
23.
∫ sec 2 θ dθ = [ tan θ ] π
4
4
0 0 =
2
π
= tan − tan 0
4 π π

∫ ∫ (csc 2 x − 1) dx
2 2 2
=1 29. π
cot x dx = π
4 4
π π
 1 
= [ − cot x − x ]
π
24. ∫π
2
sin 4 x dx = − cos 4 x 
 4 π
2
π
4
2
π π π π
1 1 = − cot − + cot +
= − cos 4π + cos 2π 2 2 4 4
4 4
=0 π
=1−
4
π
π x  x
25. ∫0
3 cos
3
dx = 9 sin 
 3 0 30. ∫
π
(sin x + cos x) 2 dx
0
π 0 π
= 9 sin − 9 sin
∫ (sin x + 2 sin x cos x + cos
2 2
3 3 = x) dx
0
π
9 3
= = ∫ (1 + sin 2 x) dx
2 0
π
 1 
0 x =  x − cos 2 x 
26. ∫− 2π
(1 − 7 sin ) dx
2
 2 0
1 1
 x
0
= π − cos 2π − 0 + cos 0
=  x + 14 cos  2 2
 2  − 2π =π
0 −2π
= 0 + 14 cos − (−2π ) − 14 cos ( )
2 2

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

π π
− 1 θ π
∫ 34.
∫ cos ( − ) dθ
4 2
31. π
sin x cos 2 x dx
6
−π 4 2 6
π
π −
1 =  1 sin (θ − π )
∫
2
= π
4
[sin ( x + 2 x) + sin ( x − 2 x)] dx 2 
6
2  2 6  −π
π
1 1 π π 1 π π
= sin (− − ) − sin (− − )
∫ (sin 3 x − sin x) dx
4
= π 2 4 6 2 2 6
2
6 = −0.049 95
π
 1 1 4
= − cos 3 x + cos x  4 0 4
 6 2 π
6
35. ∫−3
x dx = ∫−3
x dx + ∫ x dx 0
0 4
1
= − cos
3π 1
+ cos
π = ∫ − x dx + ∫ x dx
6 4 2 4 −3 0

4 0
1 π 1 π  x  2
1 
+ cos − cos = −  +  x 2 
6 2 2 6  2  −3  2 0
2 3
= − 9
3 4 = +8
2
1
−
π = 12
32. ∫ −
π
3
6
cos 3 x cos x dx 2

6 3 6

∫ ∫ ∫ x − 3 dx
π
− 1 36. x − 3 dx = x − 3 dx +
= ∫
−
π
6
2
[cos (3 x + x) + cos (3 x − x)] dx −1 −1
3
3
6
= ∫ − ( x − 3) dx + ∫ ( x − 3) dx
3
π −1 3
−
1 1  6
=  sin 4 x + sin 2 x   x   x2
2

3 6

 8 4 −π = − + 3x  +  − 3x
 2 2
3
 −1 3
1 2π 1 π
= sin (− ) + sin (− )  32   (−1) 2 
8 3 4 3 = − + 3(3) − − + 3(−1)
1 4π 1 2π  2   2 
− sin (− ) − sin (− )
8 3 4 3 6 2
 3 2

+  − 3(6) −  − 3(3)
=−
3 2  2 
8 1
= 12
2
π π
33. ∫ 2 sin (3 x + ) dx 2
3
∫
0
37. x − x dx
π 0
 2 π 
= − cos (3 x + ) 1 2
 3 3 0 =∫ x − x dx + ∫ x − x
0 1
dx
2 π 2 π 1 2
= − cos (3 π + ) + cos (0 + )
3 3 3 3 = ∫ − ( x − x ) dx + ∫ ( x − x ) dx
0 1
1 2
2  x 2 2 32   x 2 2 32 
= = − + x  + − − x 
3  2 3  0  2 3  1
3
12 2 2 2 2 2
3 12 2 3 
=− + (1) + − (2) 2 −  − (1) 2 
2 3 2 3  2 3 
7−4 2
=
3

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

1 k
38. ∫ −5
x 2 − 1 dx 41. ∫ (2 x + 1) dx = 28
1
−1 1
[ x 2 + x] 1k = 28
∫ x − 1 dx + ∫ x − 1 dx
2 2
=
−5 −1
−1 1
k 2 + k − (12 + 1) = 28
= ∫ ( x − 1) dx + ∫ − ( x − 1) dx
2 2
k 2 + k − 30 = 0
−5 −1
−1 1 (k − 5)(k + 6) = 0
1   1 
=  x 3 − x  + − x 3 + x  k = 5 or −6 (rejected)
3  −5  3  −1 ∴ k=5
1  1 
=  (−1) − (−1) −  (−5) − (−5)
3 3
k
3  3  42. ∫ 0
3x 2 dx = 8
 13   1 
+ − + 1 − − (−1) + (−1)
3
[ x 3 ] 0k = 8
 3   3 
k 3 − 03 = 8
2
= 38 k=2
3
k 3
3π 43. ∫ sin 2 x dx =
39.
∫ 4
4 0
cos x dx
0 k
 1  3
π 3π
− 2 cos 2 x  = 4
∫ cos x dx + ∫  0
4
= 2
π
cos x dx
0 2 1 1 3
3π
− cos 2k + cos 0 =
π 2 2 4
∫ ∫ − cos x dx
4
= 2
cos x dx + π 1
0 2 cos 2k = −
3π 2
+ [ − sin x]
π
= [ sin x ] 2
4 2π 4π
0
π 2k = or
2 3 3
π 3π π π 2π
= sin − sin 0 + (− sin + sin ) k= or
2 4 2 3 3
2
=2−
2 Section B

4 d d (sin 7 x) d (sin x)
40. ∫−12
1 + 2 x dx 44. (a)
dx
(sin 7 x) =
d (sin x)
⋅
dx
0 4
= ∫ −12
1 + 2 x dx + ∫0
1 + 2 x dx
(b) From (a),
= 7 sin 6 x cos x
4

∫ 7 sin
0
= ∫ ∫
6
1 − 2 x dx + 1 + 2 x dx x cos x dx = sin 7 x + C
−12 0
1 7
∫ sin
0 4
 1 3
 1 3
 ∴
6
x cos x dx = sin x + C
= − (1 − 2 x) 2  +  (1 + 2 x) 2  7
 3  −12  3  0 π
Hence,
∫ sin 6 x cos x dx
3 2
3
1 1
= − (1 − 0) + [1 − 2(−12)]
2
2 0
3 3 π
1 2
3 3
=  sin 7 x 
1
+[1 + 2(4)] − 1 (1 + 0) 2
2
7 0
3 3
1 π 1
= 50 = sin 7 ( ) − sin 7 0
7 2 7
1
=
7

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

d d (cos x 2 ) d ( x 2 )
45. (a) (cos x 2 ) = ⋅
dx d (x2 ) dx
= (− sin x 2 )(2 x)
= −2 x sin x 2
(b) From (a),

∫ − 2 x sin x dx = cos x
2 2
+C
Hence,
π
π  1 
∫ 0
x sin x 2 dx = − cos x 2 
 2 0
1 1
= − cos π + cos 0
2 2
=1

d d (sin x) d ( x)
46. (a) ( x sin x) = x ⋅ + sin x ⋅
dx dx dx
= x cos x + sin x
(b) From (a),

∫ ( x cos x + sin x)dx = x sin x + C

∫ x cos x dx + ∫ sin x dx = x sin x + C
∫ x cos x dx − cos x = x sin x + C
∴ ∫ x cos x dx = x sin x + cos x + C
d 2
(c) ( x cos x)
dx
d (cos x) d (x2 )
= x2 ⋅ + cos x ⋅
dx dx
= − x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x
(d) From (c),

∫ (− x
2
sin x + 2 x cos x) dx =

x 2 cos x + C

∫ ∫
2
− x sin x dx + 2 x cos x dx
=
x 2 cos x + C

∫ ∫
2
∴ x sin x dx = − x cos x + 2 x cos x dx
2

π
(e) ∫0
x 2 sin x dx
π
= [− x 2 cos x]π0 + 2 x cos x dx ∫0
2
= [− x cos x]π0 + 2[ x sin x + cos x]π0
= π2 + 2(−1 − 1)
= π2 − 4

127
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

d
47. (a) (tan x sec n− 2 x)
dx
d (sec n −2 x) n−2 d (tan x)
= tan x ⋅ + sec x ⋅
dx dx
[ n −3
= tan x (n − 2) sec x sec x tan x ]
+ sec n− 2
x(sec x) 2

= (n − 2) sec n − 2 x tan 2 x + sec n x

= (n − 2) sec n x − (n − 2) sec n − 2 x + sec n x
= (n − 1) sec n x − (n − 2) sec n − 2 x
(b) From (a),
tan x sec n − 2 x

∫ [(n − 1) sec x − (n − 2) sec x] dx

n n−2
=

= (n − 1) ∫ sec x dx − (n − 2) ∫ sec x dx
n n−2

∴ (n − 1)In = tan x sec n−2 x + (n − 2)In−2

∫ sec
6
(c) x dx
= I6
1 6−2
= tan x sec 4 x + I4
6 −1 6 −1
1 4 1
= tan x sec 4 x + ( tan x sec 2 x
5 5 4 −1
4−2
+ I2 )
4 −1
1 4
= tan x sec 4 x + tan x sec 2 x
5 15
8
+ tan x + C
15
π
∴
∫ sec 6 x dx
4
0

1 4
= [ tan x sec 4 x + tan x sec 2 x
5 15
π
8
+ tan x]04
15
1 π π 4 π π
= tan sec 4 ( ) + tan sec 2 ( )
5 4 4 15 4 4
8 π
+ tan
15 4
4 8 8
= + +
5 15 15
13
=1
15

128
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

3
1
EXERCISE 17.4 ∫
Section 17.4 Area bounded by a curve and
an axis 6. The shaded area = − 1
2
(− ) dx
(page 260)
2
x2

[ ]
3
Section A = − x −1 2
1
2
3
1. The shaded area = ∫ 2 x dx
1
3 1
= −( ) −1 + ( ) −1
2 2
= [x ] 2 3
1 3
=− +2
= 32 − 12 2
=8 1
=1
3
2
2. The shaded area = ∫0
( x 2 + 1) dx
7. The shaded area
0 1

∫ ∫ − x( x + 2) dx
2
1  = − x( x + 2) dx −
=  x3 + x −2 0
 3 0 0 1
 1  1 
1 3 = − x 3 − x 2  +  x 3 + x 2 
= ( 2) + 2  3  −2  3 0
3
2  1  1
=4 = − − (−2) 3 − (−2) 2  + (1) 3 + 12
3  3  3
2
3. The shaded area =2
π
3
= ∫ 2 sin x dx
0 8. The shaded area
= [ − 2 cos x ] π0 0 3

= −2 cosπ + 2 cos 0
=∫ −2
x( x + 2)( x − 3) dx − ∫ x( x + 2)( x − 3) dx
0

=4 0 3
=∫ − 6 x) dx − ∫ ( x − x − 6 x) dx 3 2
(x3 − x2
−2 0
4. The shaded area 0 3
1 1  1 1 
1
=  x 4 − x 3 − 3x 2  −  x 4 − x 3 − 3x 2 
=− ∫ ( x − 1) dx
2
−1
4 3  −2  4 3 0
 1 
1
1 1 
= − x 3 + x  = −  (−2) 4 − (−2) 3 − 3(−2) 2 
 3  −1  4 3 
 1   1  1 1 
= − (1) 3 + (1) − −  (3) 4 − (3) 3 − 3(3) 2 
− 3 (−1) + (−1)
3

 3    4 3 
1 1 3
=1 = 5 + 15
3 3 4
1
= 21
0 12
5. The shaded area = − ∫ −2
x 3 dx
0 9. The shaded area
 1 
= − x 4  π 3π π
 4  −2 = ∫
4
0
cos 2 x dx − ∫π
4
cos 2 x dx + ∫
3π
4
cos 2 x dx
1 4
= (−2) 4 π
4 =4 ∫
4
cos 2 x dx
=4 0
π
1 4
= 4 sin 2 x 
2 0

129
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

1 π 1  14.
= 4  sin − sin 0
2 2 2 
=2

2
10. The shaded area = ∫ 0
y 2 dy
2
1 
=  y3 
3 0
1
= (2) 3 3
3
2
The required area = ∫ x(3 − x) dx
0
=2
3 3
3 1 
=  x2 − x3 
2π 2 3 0
11. The shaded area = − (sin y − 1) dy ∫
0 3 1
= (3) 2 − (3) 3
= [ cos y + y ] 02π 2 3
= cos 2 π + 2 π − (cos 0 + 0) 1
=4
= 2π 2

12. The shaded area 15.

π π
= ∫ −
2
π
cos y dy − ∫ cos y dy
π
2
4
π
= [ sin y ] − [ sin y ] π
2 π
π
−
4 2

π π π
= sin − sin (− ) − sin π + sin
2 4 2
2
= 2+
2

b
13. (a) ∫a
f ( x) dx = A1
= 1.8 From y = x3,
c
(b) ∫b
f ( x) dx = −A2 we have x = y 3 .
1

= −3.4 8 1

(c) ∫
d
f ( x) dx = A2 + A3
∴ The required area =
∫
0
y 3 dy
b 8
= −3.4 + 2.6 3 4 
=  y3
= −0.8  4  0
d

∫
4
(d) f ( x) dx = A1 − A2 + A3 3 3
a = (8)
4
= −1.8 − 3.4 + 2.6
= 12

130
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

16. 20.

−1 1
The required area = − ∫ −3 x3
dx
−1
1 
=  x −2 
2  −3
The required area
1 1
= (−1) − 2 − (−3) − 2 1 3
2 2 = ∫
0
( x 2 − 4 x + 3) dx − ∫ 1
( x 2 − 4 x + 3) dx
4
= 4
9 + ∫
3
( x 2 − 4 x + 3) dx
1 3
17.  x3   x3 
=  − 2 x 2 + 3x  −  − 2 x 2 + 3x
3 0  3 1
4
 x3 
+  − 2 x 2 + 3x 
3 3
=4

21.

0
The required area = 2 ∫ −2
x( x 2 − 4) dx
0
1 
= 2 x 4 − 2 x 2 
4  −2
=8
From x2 = y5, one branch is
3 5
18. The required area = ∫
−2
( x 2 + 3) dx x = y2
5
3 1
 x3 
=  + 3x
∴ The required area = 2
∫0
y 2 dy
3  −2 1
2 2 7 
= 26 = 2 y 2 
3  7  0
4
2π =
19. The required area = ∫ (cos x + 1) dx
0
7

= [ sin x + x ] 02π
= sin 2π + 2π − sin 0 − 0
= 2π

131
New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

Section B dy
= 0 when x = ± 11 , −1 or 1
dx
22. (a)
∴ The stationary points are
P(− 11, 0), Q(−1, 105), R(1, 105)
and S( 11, 0).

(b) (i)
d
dx
[ ]
( x 2 − 11) 6 = 6( x 2 − 11) 5 (2 x)

= 12 x( x 2 − 11) 5
(ii) From (i),

∫12 x( x − 11) dx = ( x − 11) + C

2 5 2 6
1

1
∴ ∫ x( x − 11) dx = ( x − 11) + C
2 5 2 6

12
(b) The required area where C is an arbitrary constant.
−1 4 (c) The required area
=− ∫ ( x − 1) dx +
∫ ( x − 1) dx 0
0
1
1
4
=2 ∫− 11
x( x 2 − 11) 5 dx
2  3
2  3
= −  x − x +  x − x
2 2
1 
0

 3  0  3  1 = 2  ( x 2 − 11) 6 
 12 − 11
2 3 
= −  (1) 2 − 1 1
= 2× (0 − 11) 6
 3  12
2 3 3
 1
2 = (11) 6
+  (4) 2 − 4 − (1) 2 + 1 6
 3 3 
1 2 24.
= +1
3 3
=2
(c) The equation y = x − 1 can be written
as
x = ( y + 1) 2 .
∴The required area (a) As shown in the figure,
1
= ∫ ( y + 1) dy
2
t 2 = ( 3 ) 2 + 12
0
1 =4
1  ∴ t=2
=  ( y + 1) 3 
3 0 1
1 1 tan α =
= (1 + 1) 3 − (0 + 1) 3 3
3 3 π
1 α=
=2 6
3
f ( x) = 3 sin x + cos x
23. (a) y = x( x − 11) 2 5
π π
= 2 sin x cos + 2 cos x sin
dy 6 6
= x ⋅ 5( x 2 − 11) 4 (2 x) + ( x 2 − 11) 5 π
dx = 2 sin ( x + )
= ( x 2 − 11) 4 (10 x 2 + x 2 − 11) 6

= ( x 2 − 11) 4 (11x 2 − 11)

= 11( x 2 − 11) 4 ( x − 1)( x + 1)

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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

π
When f ( x) = 2 sin ( x + ) = 0, 1
6 dy 3 2
25. (a) = x
π dx 2
x + = π or 2π 1
6 3 2

∴ x=
5π
or
11π
y= ∫ 2
x dx

6 6 ∴
3
y = x2 + C
(b) f (x) is maximum when
(1, 1) is on the curve,
π
sin ( x + ) = 1 3
6 ∴ 1 = 12 + C
π π C=0
x+ =
6 2 ∴ The equation of the curve is
π 3
x= y = x2.
3
π (b)
∴ The maximum point is ( , 2).
3
f (x) is minimum when
π
sin ( x + ) = −1
6
π 3π
x+ =
6 2
4π
x=
3
4π
∴ The minimum point is ( , −2).
3
(c)
4 3
(c) The required area =
∫
0
x 2 dx
4
2 5 
=  x2 
 5  0
5
2
=
(4) 2
5
4
= 12
5
(d) The equation of the curve can be
2
written as x = y 3 .
8 2

(d) The required area

5π
The required area =
∫
1
y 3 dy
π 8
=4 ∫ 2 sin ( x + ) dx 3 5 
6
π
6 =  y3 
3
5π
 5 1
 π 6 3 3 3 3
5 5
= 8− cos ( x + ) = (8) − (1)
 6 π 5 5
3
3
 5π π π π  = 18
= 8− cos ( + ) + cos ( + ) 5
 6 6 3 6 
=8
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New Way Additional Mathematics 3 — Solution Guide (Chapter 17)

5. The line x − 2y − 3 = 0 can be written as

EXERCISE 17.5 Section 17.5 Area between two curves
(page 270)
x = 2y + 3.
∴ The shaded area

∫ [(2 y + 3) − y ] dx
3
Section A = 2
−1

∫ [(4 − x ) − (−3x)] dx
0 3
1. The shaded area = 2  1 
=  y2 + 3y − y3 
−1
 3  −1
0
 1 3  1  1 
= 4 x − x 3 + x 2  = 32 + 3(3) − (3) 3 − (−1) 2 + 3(−1) − (−1) 3 
 3 2  −1 3  3 
1 3 2
= −4(−1) + (−1) 3 − (−1) 2 = 10
3 2 3
1
=2
∫ [(1 − y) − ( y ]
1
6 6. The shaded area = 2 2
− 1) dy
−1
1 1
The shaded area =∫ (1 − x ) dx = 2 ∫ (2 − 2 y ) dy
4 2
2.
−1 0
1
= 2 ∫ (1 − x )dx 4 1
 2 
0 = 2 2 y − y 3 
1  3 0
 1 
= 2 x − x 5   2 3
 5 0 = 2 2(1) − (1) 
 3 
 1 5 2
= 2 1 − (1)  =2
 5  3
3
=1 1
5
7. The shaded area = 2 ∫
0
( x − x 3 ) dy
4 1  1
3. The shaded area = ∫0
 4 x − (− x ) dx
 
1 1 
= 2 x 2 − x 4 
2 4 0
4
1 2 
3
1 2 1 4 
=  x2 + x 2  = 2  (1) − (1) 
 8 3 
0
2 4 
3 1
1 2 =
= (4) 2 + (4) 2 2
8 3
1 8. The shaded area
=7
3 π
π
= ∫ 4
(cos x − sin x) dx + ∫
π (sin x − cos x)dx

∫ [− 1 − ( x − 2)] dx
1 0
2 4
4. The shaded area = π
−1
1 = [sin x + cos x]04 + [ − cos x − sin x] ππ
= 2∫ (1 − x ) dx 2
4
0
π π
 1 
1
= sin + cos − sin 0 − cos 0 − cos π − sin π
= 2 x − x 3  4 4
 3 0 π π
+ cos + sin
4 4
 1 3 =2 2
= 2 1 − (1) 
 3 
1
=1
3

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