Nurs2105workbook Ver1 Int 2008

FLINDERS UNIVERSITY
ADELAIDE ● AUSTRALIA
Nursing & Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences
NURS2105
Nursing 4
Workbook
Semester 2 2008
School of
Ver1
The information in this Study plan was correct at time of printing.
Please refer to https://flo.flinders.edu.au for up-to-date information.
© School of Nursing & Midwifery, Flinders University
2007
  2
Contents
Week 2: Part 2 - Nursing Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders.............................12

Week 5: Part 1 - Nursing Management of Endocrine Disorders – Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus................32
Week 6: Part 2 - Nursing Management of Endocrine Disorders – Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus................41
Week 7: Nursing Management of Renal Disorders – End Stage Renal Failure................48
Week 8: Part 2 Nursing Management of Urological Disorders –UTI & SPC...................54
Week 9: Nursing Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders – Large Bowel Obstruction60
Week 10: Nursing management of Hepatobilary Disorders.............................................71
Week 11: Nursing Management of Haematological Disorders ............................... .........80
Week 12: Part 1 - Nursing management of Reproductive Disorders – Female Focus.....82
Week 13: Part 2 - Nursing management of Reproductive Disorders – Male Focus..........89
  3
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 1: Part 1 - Nursing Management of Musculoskeletal

Disorders
This week focuses on two problems related to the musculoskeletal system. The tutorial will focus on
osteoarthritis, resulting total knee replacement and nursing management options. The workshop will
involve a number of activities including management of the postoperative patient following total joint
replacement – Total hip replacement.
Learning outcomes for this week

Upon the successful completion of this section you should be able to:
• describe the purpose, significance of results, and nursing responsibilities related to diagnostic
studies of the musculoskeletal system
• describe the aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management of metabolic
bone disorders
• describe the types of reconstructive surgery associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
• identify the preoperative and postoperative teaching and collaborative care of the patient having
reconstructive joint surgery associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis
What you need to do to meet your learning outcomes

1. Before attending your tutorial read this week’s scenario and complete the
readings below
Brown, D & Edwards, H (eds) 2005, Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing: assessment and management
of clinical problems, Elsevier Mosby, Sydney.
Chapters:
60 ‘Nursing assessment: musculoskeletal system’
61 ‘Nursing management: musculoskeletal trauma and orthopaedic surgery’
63 ‘Nursing management: arthritis and connective tissue disease’ (this will be especially useful
for this week’s practical session).
Consult a pharmacology text regarding:
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), antipyretic and analgesic drugs
  4
WEEK 1: Workshop activities—Musculoskeletal focus
Mrs Bartini (70 years old) is admitted to your ward for a L) total hip replacement (THR) for osteoarthritis
(OA) and osteoporosis. Unfortunately, whilst changing into her night attire, she slipped and put out her
R) arm to prevent the fall resulting in her sustaining a R) Colles fracture (#). It has been decided to
reduce & stabilise her # radius with a cast as well as perform her L) THR. She arrives back from theatre
with
• her R) forearm in a back slab
• an IVT in her left arm – 2L/24 hrs alternating 4%Dextrose/1/5Normal saline with N/Saline
• Fentanyl 4/24ly prn
• Abduction pillow in situ
• wound drains x 2 patent and draining
You are allocated to provide nursing care for her this shift. You have a year 1 student with you. Below is
a copy of the orders from the patient care orders:
• routine post op care
• 2 units of autologous blood to be administered as per medical instructions
• neurovascular observations to L) leg
• abduction pillow to turn
• food and fluids as tolerated
• chest physio
In your group consider the nursing care required for Mrs Bartini. When you read her care plan and
case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are six major groups of nursing
interventions to do, divide them between you. Take time as a group to prioritise these tasks.
The lead role for each group of activities should be rotated between group members. The remainder
of the group are to provide guidance and critical feedback to the person leading the activity.
Ensure that you document your care as you go.
Prioritise the nursing care for Mrs Bartini and give a rationale for the prioritisation.
  5
2. Activity 1—Explanation of THR and Colles # to a year 1 student
• The year 1 student asks you to explain.

o The difference between OA and rheumatoid arthritis.
o Explain how OA has caused her to need a THR.
o Exactly what does a THR entail?
o Outline the pathophysiology of a Colles # including how it is reduced.
In discussion with the 1st year student consider.

o Outlining the anatomy of the hip and leg. Draw a picture to augment your
explanations.
o Use the x-ray of the hip and the metal wear on display to explain OA and a THR.
  6
3. Activity 2—Pressure area care and pain relief for Mrs Bartini
Mrs Bartini is reluctant to move in bed because of her L) hip pain.

• Consider what nursing assessment you would undertake to determine the best choice of
intervention to relieve the pain for Mrs. Bartini. Document your findings.
• Discuss the main side effect of opioid analgesia and how it may be detected and reversed.
• Provide pressure area care for Mrs Bartini, taking special note of:
o skin for diathermy burn
o pressure from wound drain lines
o wound ooze
o skin over pressure areas.
• Outline how you would document your observations.
4. Activity 3—Neurovascular observations of Mrs Bartini’s L) leg
Neurovascular observations:
• Using the sphygmomanometer, apply the cuff to a group member’s upper arm just as you would to
take a blood pressure reading.
• Inflate the cuff to 180 mm and leave for 10 seconds (no longer than 30 seconds).
  7
• Ask the person to describe how the arm is feeling distal to the inflated cuff.
• Note limb:
o colour (C)
o temperature (W)
o movement (M)
o sensation (S)
o presence of a pulse (P)
• This information is known as the neurovascular observation of the limb distal to the fracture.
• Note the documentation that is completed when neurovascular observations are completed.
• This demonstration gives you some appreciation of what altered sensation, venous congestion and
arterial insufficiency could feel like. Document your findings.
Now
• Perform neurovascular observations on Mrs Bartini’s L) leg.
o Outline the reasons for them being done on Mrs Bartini’s leg.
5. Activity 4—Plaster care and neurovascular observations of Mrs Bartini’s

R) arm
• Plaster care
o From your pre-reading, outline the nursing responsibilities when providing care
for the person who has a limb in plaster.
o Consider the new ‘green cast’.
– Outline the nursing care require for Mrs Bartini’s ‘green’ cast.
• Discuss the discharge information you would give Mrs Bartini regarding care of the cast and the
affected limb.
  8
  9
• Neurovascular observations of Mrs Bartini’s R) arm.
o Define compartment syndrome and why it may occur with Mrs Bartini’s R) arm.
• Discuss how it is detected and also treated.
o Watch the video Nursing care of the patient in traction and discuss what particular
nerves need to be assessed with Mrs Bartini’s R) arm and L) leg.
o Upper extremity assessment.
Match the nerve with the appropriate motor and sensory test.
Nerve Motor test Sensory test

Radial
Medial
Ulna
o Lower extremity assessment.
Match the nerve with the appropriate motor and sensory test.
Nerve Motor test Sensory test

Femoral
Peroneal
Tibial
o Vascular assessment.
Fair-skinned people Dark-skinned people

Pink = Warm =
Red = Cold =
White = Hot =
Blue =
  10
o Capillary refill should occur in less than ___________ seconds.
6. Activity 5—Autologous blood
• Define autologous blood.
• Discuss why autologous blood is preferred to donor blood.
• Perform the checking procedure according to the FMC ward procedure manual for blood
administration.
o Discuss how this procedure is different from checking off medications.
7. Activity 6—Dietary modification
Mrs Bartini’s Colles # was partly due to her osteoporosis. Her husband and daughter ask you to
suggest foods, which will increase her dietary calcium. Her daughter is also worried that she may
develop osteoporosis because she cannot have any dairy products as she is lactose intolerant and so
has been avoiding all dairy products.
• Construct a calcium rich diet across life span considering:

o Lactose intolerant
o Vegans
o Teenagers.
  11
• Explain whether you would recommend low fat products.
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 2: Part 2 - Nursing Management of Musculoskeletal

Disorders
This week focuses on acute infection problems related to the musculoskeletal system. The tutorial will
focus on osteomyelitis and appropriate nursing management options. The workshop will involve a
number of activities including management of the patient with osteomyelitis and rehabilitation options.

• describe the purpose, significance of results, and nursing responsibilities related to diagnostic
studies of the musculoskeletal system
• describe the aetiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management of metabolic
bone infections
• identify the preoperative and postoperative teaching and collaborative care of the patient
having reconstructive surgery associated with acute musculoskeletal injury and subsequent
infection.
• describe the pathophysiology, collaborative care and nursing management of the person with
osteomyelitis.
  12
readings below
Chapter:
62 Nursing management: musculoskeletal problems.
Consult a pharmacology text regarding:

• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID), antipyretic, and analgesic medications.
• IV antibiotics.
• Analgesic medications.
WEEK 2: Workshop activities—Musculoskeletal focus

Mr Stephen Cartwright is a 56 year old and living in Adelaide within the eastern suburbs. He is married with
three adolescent children and works in an executive banking position in the city. He enjoys weekend home
maintenance and landscaping as relaxation activities. He is a committed Jehovah Witness and attends
twice weekly services at the local Jehovah’s Witness Kingdom Hall.
His general health is sound for his age. His wife is committed to a healthy eating and physical lifestyle. They
play tennis weekly and walk several kilometres throughout the week. They entertain at their home frequently
and consume large amounts of alcoholic beverages – mainly wine and spirits.
A month ago Stephen was on the roof of his house performing maintenance following discovery of a
cracked roof tile. On descending the ladder whilst carrying the replaced tile he slipped and fell to the ground,
landing on the rough and much rocky garden edges.
His injuries included severe compound fractures of his right tibia and fibula. Numerous cuts and scratches of
his face and right and left arms were also evident.
Surgery involving debridement of the damaged tissue and reduction of the fractures was performed. A right
full length leg cast was applied equipped with windows to enable the surgical sight to be visualised. His
facial and body scratches and bruising very treated and some were dressed with gauze and hyperfix. He
made sound progress on the orthopaedic ward and was discharged after two weeks.
After one week being home he began feeling unwell accompanied with fever, some night sweats,
restlessness and general increasing malaise. His surgical sight had become more painful and had
increased swelling and erythema. He is currently admitted with the development of osteomyelitis of his right
lower leg. The organism Staphylococcus aureus has been identified as the infective agent. Bone ischemia
has not yet developed and so vigorous and prolonged IV AB therapy is anticipated, including after discharge
from hospital.
His care is outlined as follows:
  13
• 4/24 vital signs
• rest in bed (RIB)
• 4/24 wound checks
• morphine PCA with purges
• R) leg cast insitu – pending possible further surgical intervention.
• anti-emetics ordered
• IV AB’s – 1g Penicillin 8/24.
• C&B exercises.
• Ward diet and fluids.
• Bowel monitoring and coloxyl and senna when necessary
In your group consider the nursing care required for Mr Cartwright. When you read her care plan
and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are six major groups of nursing
Prioritise the nursing care for Mrs Cartwright and give a rationale for the prioritisation.
9. Activity 1—Explanation of osteomyelitis to Mr Cartwright (Patient

Education).
• The patient asks you to explain.

o What is osteomyelitis.
o The difference between osteomyelitis and wound infection.
o What has been the cause of his infection?
  14
o Explain how osteomyelitis has caused the patient to require readmission and
further medical interventions.
o Outline precisely what the treatment of osteomyelitis entails.
o Outline the most likely causes of osteomyelitis including how it is

pharmacologically treated.
o The patient is unsure why cast windows exist over the operative sight. Outline
why this has been done and how it benefits the nursing and medical treatment of
osteomyelitis..
10. Activity 2 — pain relief for Mr Cartwright
Mr Cartwright is experiencing and demonstrating severe pain.

• Consider what nursing assessment you would undertake to determine the best choice of
interventions to relieve the pain for Mr Cartwright Document your findings.
  15
• Discuss the reasons for his increased pain – there are more than one.
• Outline how you would document your observations after each pain assessment.
• Outline your choice of pain analgesia and administer. Document procedure.
11. Activity 3—Neurovascular observations of Mr Cartwright’s R) leg
• Why are the following components of the neurovascular observations undertaken? What does each
component reveal about the physical state of Mr Cartwright?
o colour (C)
o temperature (W)
o movement (M)
o sensation (S)
o presence of a pulse (P)
• This information is known as the neurovascular observation of the limb distal to the fracture.
• Perform neurovascular observations on Mr Cartwright’s R) leg.
  16
• What nursing interventions would you implement should notable neurovascular deteriorations be
determined?
12. Activity 4—Plaster care and wound management including wound

assessment, cleansing, and dressing.
• Outline the nursing care require for Mr Cartwright’s R) leg cast.
• Perform a surgical site assessment on Mr Cartwright’s R) leg. Document your findings.
• Perform a surgical site sterile wound care nursing intervention. What were your experiences?
• Discuss the importance of the sterile wound dressing nursing technique.
  17
13. Activity 5—Discharge planning for Mr Cartwright.
• Outline the major discharge planning requirements for Mr Cartwright.
• Should long term IV AB treatment be necessary, how will this be achieved?
• What is the important care information and planning information Mr Cartwright and his family
require given his long term IV AB therapy?
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 3: Part 1 Nursing management Cognitive and

Perceptual Disorders
This week the tutorial will focus on the nursing management required during the acute and
rehabilitative phase for the person who has had a stroke. The workshop will focus on the nursing care
required for the semi-comatose/concussed patient and the patient with seizures.

• describe the incidence and risk factors for stroke in Australia
• describe the acute and rehabilitative nursing management for the stroke patient
• describe the common diagnostic study abnormalities found in patients with a cerebrovascular
accident
• describe age-related changes to the nervous system and differences in assessment findings.
  18
• describe first aid management of the person who is having a seizure and the nursing
responsibilities.

readings below
Chapters:
2 ‘Culturally competent care’
54 ‘Nursing assessment: nervous system’
56 ‘Nursing management: patient with a stroke’
  19
WEEK 3: Workshop activities—Neurological focus
Mrs Schofield is a 45 year old married woman who was found in her kitchen by her 18 year old son
Peter after he returned home from University. Peter stated that he found his mum on the kitchen floor;
she appeared, ‘okay’ except for a deep laceration on the right side of her forehead.
Peter was unable to rouse his mum, so he called an ambulance, he is not sure how long she had been
unconscious for, as he left for university at 10.00 am and it was 4.00 pm when he arrived home.
When Mrs Scholfield arrived in emergency she was assessed, and was found to have:
• A deep laceration to her forehead, requiring seven sutures.
• A haematoma to the back of her head
• Slow response to verbal stimuli
• Pupils were equal and reacting, but sluggish
• BP of 180/110
• Pulse 110
• Respiratory rate 32 and shallow
• No paresis of either limb
• Smokes—20 cigarettes a day
• Social drinker
• Has not had any previous admissions to hospital apart from child birth
• On oral contraceptives.
Whilst in emergency the medical orders include
• Skull x-ray
• CXR
• CT/MRI of her skull
• IVT of N/Saline in 24 hours and an IV cannula is inserted, running at 83mls/hr (2L in 24 hours)
• Blood tests
o CBP
o Electrolytes
• No medications
Nursing Orders include:
• Hourly neurological observations
• Nil Orally
  20
• Oral-Pharyngeal suction as necessary
• Head of the bed not to raised more than 30˚
• Wound to be dressed
She is admitted to your ward, where the MO asks you to check that IV Dexamethasone, Diazepam &
Mannitol is available.
In your group consider the nursing care required for Mrs Scholfield. When you read her care plan
and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five major groups of nursing
15. Activity 1—Neurological observations
Accurate nursing assessment of the neurological status of the patient is vital for the patient’s safe
recovery and the early detection of deterioration.
With a student assuming the role of Mrs Scholfield, each student is to perform a neurological
assessment, using a neurological observation chart.
• Outline the purpose of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
• Outline the five main components of the GCS
• What does a GCS– score of 15 indicate?
• What does a GCS score of eight indicate?
  21
• As a 2nd year nursing student, who would you notify regarding a change in one or two points in
Mrs Scholfield’s GCS score?
• Apart from the Glasgow Coma Scale what other observations are included in neurological
observations?
• Describe how pupils are assessed.
• Explain the acronym PEARL
• Outline what may cause differently-sized pupils.
• Describe how limb strength is assessed and explain why it is used in neurological observations.
  22
16. Activity 2—Seizure observation and care
Mrs Scholfield suddenly has a generalised clonic-tonic seizure.

• Describe the nursing care required for a patient having a seizure in bed.
• Outline the observations that you would make of her seizure.
• Outline the different forms of seizures.
Her son Peter is scared by this and asks you whether she will continue to have ‘fits’ when she returns
home and what would he do about it including whether he should call an ambulance.
• Outline the first aid measures for a person having a seizure.
• Outline the reasons for calling an ambulance when you are giving first aid for a person having a
seizure.
  23
17. Activity 3—IV medications
The MO orders IV 5 mg stat of Diazepam.

• Outline why Diazepam is used in the treatment of seizures.
• Describe how you would administer the IV Diazepam.
• Outline the major medications used in the treatment of seizures.
18. Activity 4—Removal of sutures
Mrs Scholfield slowly recovers and is able to go home after seven days in hospital, before she goes
home; she is to have her sutures removed from her scalp laceration.
• Explain the appropriate time period before removing sutures.
• Outline the procedure for removal of her sutures.
  24
19. Activity 5—Discharge planning
Although, she is being discharged, the MO has told her and her family that she may have post-
concussion syndrome.
• Outline the major clinical features of post concussion syndrome
• Outline the discharge advice that you would need to give Mrs Scholfield and her family to help
them cope with Mrs Scholfield’s post concussion syndrome.
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 4: Part 2 Nursing management of Cognitive and

Perceptual Disorders
This week the tutorial will focus on the nursing management required during the acute and
rehabilitative phases for the person with raised intracranial pressure (ICP). The workshop will focus on
  25
the nursing care required for raised intracranial pressure and other trauma following a motor vehicle
accident (MVA).

• describe the incidence and risk factors for raised intracranial pressure.
• describe the acute and rehabilitative nursing management for the raised intracranial pressure
patient
• describe the common diagnostic study abnormalities found in patients with raised intracranial
pressure.
• describe age-related changes to the nervous system and differences in assessment findings.
• describe first aid management of the person who is having a seizure and the nursing
responsibilities.

readings below
Chapters:
55 ‘Nursing management: intracranial problems’
57 ‘Nursing management: chronic neurological problems’
WEEK 4: Workshop activities—Neurological focus

Martin is a 28-year-old physical education instructor working in various high schools. His physical fitness is
very sound as he undertakes numerous physical activities and he incorporates a considered dietary routine.
He is single and spends significant time associating with friends and sporting group clubs. His general
outlook on life is that ‘life should always be lived to the fullest’.
Martin is devoted to his motorcycle and spends weekends riding through the Adelaide Hills and sometimes
races at local meetings. Today he was riding through a difficult piece of road in the rain and collided with an
oncoming motor vehicle. He incurred serious head, thoracic, and leg injuries and subsequently had to
  26
sedated and intubated by ambulance paramedics at the crash scene prior to being transported to the
emergency department.
Medical investigations confirm a closed head injury with an associated fracture of the frontal skull. His right
wrist (with severe soft tissue damage) and left tibia are broken transversely and will be set in plaster. No
internal organ damaged is confirmed and he has numerous cuts and deep lacerations about his torso and
forehead.
In emergency the nurses obtain a health history from his father who is quite distressed to see his son this
way.
At the scene of the accident he was:
• Unresponsive with Glasgow Coma Scale of 3.
• Hypotensive with systolic varying between 55 and 82 mmHg. Diastolic ranged from 35 and 45
mmHg.
• Tachycardic 120 to 130 bpm.
• Respirations rapid and shallow – 30 breaths per minute.
• Pupils 3mm and non-reactive.
• assessed by emergency medical officer who orders a CT scans
In the emergency department:
• CT confirms Martin has a frontal skull fracture with right subdural haematoma, subarachnoid
haemorrhage. Pronounced cerebral oedema confirmed.
• X-Ray show right wrist fracture and left femur transverse fracture.
• Increased Cranial Pressure confirmed at 3 mmHg.
• Bleeding from numerous lacerations to his leg, torso, and forehead.
• ?
In your group consider the nursing care required for Martin. When you read her care plan and
case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five major groups of nursing
21. Activity 1—Neurological observations
With a student assuming the role of Martin, each student is to perform a neurological assessment,
using a neurological observation chart and taking note of his raised ICP status.
  27
• Outline the most effective measurement scale of neurological status.
• Perform and accurately document this ICP neurological assessment.
• What does Martin’s score of 3mm and non-reactive indicate?
• What are the most effective nursing responses to Martin’s Father’s questions regarding his son’s
neurological state?
• As a 2nd year nursing student, who would you notify regarding a change in one or two points in
Martin’s GCS score?
• Apart from the Glasgow Coma Scale what other observations are included in neurological
observations, given Martin’s injuries?
• Perform these other neurological observations on another student.
• Document these findings appropriately.
  28
• Given Martin’s conditions, what position should he be placed in? What are the underlying medical
reasons for this?
• Explain why the MO has asked for dexamethasone and mannitol to be available.
22. Activity 2—Laceration wound observation and care
Martin has numerous deep lacerations to his torso and forehead:

• Describe the nursing care required for a patient having these wounds assessed and cared for.
• Outline the observations that you would make of these wounds.
• Perform the documented and ordered wound care. Document appropriately the nursing actions
taken.
  29
• Outline the nursing actions required if a sudden post-operative deterioration in these wounds is
assessed.
• Given Martin’s reduced neurological status, does he require communication to him by the nurses
about to care for his wounds?
23. Activity 3—IV medications
The MO orders IV Mannitol (25%):

• Outline why Mannitol is used in the treatment of raised intracranial pressure.
• Describe how you would administer the IV Mannitol (25%). Teach this to other students in the
group.
• Outline the other major medications which may be used in the treatment of raised intracranial
pressure.
  30
24. Activity 4—Assessment of otorrhoea and rhinorrhoea – as part of
neurological observation
Martin has had severe skull trauma and therefore requires cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) monitoring:
• Discuss how you would assess Martin’s otorrhoea and rhinorrhoea to be CSF.
• Outline the care for Martin should CSF otorrhoea and rhinorrhoea be detected.
• Outline the nursing observations to be performed to ensure early detection of any infection to the
brain.
25. Activity 5—Plaster Care and related neurovascular observations
As Martin has a fractured right wrist and left tibia, both limbs are placed in casts.
• Outline the nursing responsibilities when providing care for Martin and his two plaster casts.
• Outline the discharge advice that you would need to give Martin’s Father and family to help them
cope when Martin is discharged. Role-play this with members of the group and critique for
improvements.
  31
• Neurovascular observations of Martin’s limbs which have a cast.. Assume Martin is now able to
give verbal response to nursing actions:
• Define compartment syndrome and why it may occur with Martin’s right arm.
• Define how it is detected and treated. Perform this task on Martin and document appropriately.
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 5: Part 1 - Nursing Management of Endocrine

Disorders – Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
The endocrine system is under study this week. The case study focuses on a six year old girl who has
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus and has had a hypoglycaemic episode. The element to be particularly covered
in the tutorial around this case study is primary health care. Relevant clinical nursing skills will be
covered in your workshop related to the patient with such diabetes.

1• apply critical thinking to the case study presented
2• apply primary health principles to the case study presented
3• apply biophysical and pharmacological knowledge to the case study presented
4• develop your application of nursing research to the case study presented
5• extend your knowledge of lifespan development in childhood and the implications for nursing
practice
  32
6• expand on your assessment skills in the area of the endocrine system
7• apply diabetes management principles to type 1 diabetes mellitus
8• develop your knowledge base in the nursing management of a child who has type 1 diabetes
mellitus
9• practise and discuss nursing skills relevant to the area under study including: care of skin, feet and
eyes in a client with diabetes, mixing of insulin medications, oral hypoglycaemic medications, BGLs,
and diabetic diet.
2What you need to do to meet your learning outcomes

Attend your lectures, one tutorial and one workshop session as well as the following activities.
Read the case study, ask the critical questions and then refer to the relevant pages in the following texts
to answer those critical thinking questions. By this stage students should be able to find their own
reference material pertaining to the area of study.
1Complete these activities
Please refer, refresh, read and/or note the relevant pages and chapters in your texts.
Text readings
Brown, D & Edwards, H 2005, Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing assessment and management of
clinical problems, Elsevier Mosby, Sydney.
Chapters
46 ‘Nursing assessment: endocrine system’
47 ‘Nursing management: diabetes mellitus’
  33
Activity
Research the following medications and complete the pharmacology worksheet before coming to class.
MEDICATION
Trade and MODE OF ACTION PRECAUTIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Generic Name
INSULIN (Include
all forms)
GLICLAZIDE
  34
MEDICATION
Trade and MODE OF ACTION PRECAUTIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Generic
Name
METFORMIN
ARCABOSE
  35
WEEK 5: Workshop activities—Diabetes Mellitus
Read through this scenario and consider the questions that follow. Please be ready to discuss
your answers in the workshop
Emily is six years old little girl. She has Type 1 diabetes. She loves to go to school and being
a very energetic child, likes to participate in active sport activities with her friends at
lunchtime. Emily is cared for by her conscientious mother and father. Her mother has
informed the teacher about Emily’s condition and what should be done if she should suffer
from a ‘hypo’. To maintain glycaemia management, Emily requires an insulin injection
before breakfast, lunch and tea. Her meals consist of a well balanced diet.
The problem: Emily has her usual injection before lunch but does not eat all her food that day
because the class finishes late and she wants to join in the usual sports activity. Half way
through the sports activity Emily suddenly has a ‘hypo’ and the sports teacher has no idea
how to cope with the situation. Emily rapidly becomes drowsy and then becomes
unconscious.
She is admitted to your ward after she has been stabilised.
Her parents Jane 29 and Graham, 27 are very worried about Emily’s diabetes especially as it
was diagnosed at five years of age. They have decided to not have any more children so that
they can devote themselves to Emily’s welfare and Jane has reduced her full time
employment to part-time so that she can be more readily available to Emily. Jane tells you
that she had an aunt who had diabetes and she died at 53 from a heart attack, but before her
death she had had one leg amputated, was blind and was in renal failure.
In your group consider the nursing care required for Emily and her parents. When you
read her care plan and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five
major groups of nursing interventions to do, divide them between you. Take time as a
group to prioritise these tasks.
The lead role for each group of activities should be rotated between group members. The
remainder of the group are to provide guidance and critical feedback to the person leading
the activity.
26. Activity 1—Patient and Parent education
Given the understandable concern of Emily’s parents regarding Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus;
• Outline the precise reason for Emily’s ‘hypo’ episode and the most effective steps to
prevent this happening again. Are there any special ways of interacting with Emily during
this stage?
  36
• Outline the importance of this together with a thorough knowledge base, given Emily’s
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 and her age.
• Outline the nutritional therapy required for Emily’s Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
management when discharged. How does her eagerness for exercise impact upon this?
27. Activity 2—Blood Glucose Level (BGL) Monitoring
• Describe the rationale for frequent monitoring of BSL.
• Outline the nursing observations that you would frequently make given the necessity for
BGL monitoring.
• When are the most frequent times of the day to perform BGL’s?
• Perform a BGL. Document your findings. What is the range of BGL readings considered
within an acceptable range?
  37
• Outline the nursing interventions when performing a BGL reading on a paediatric patient.
Suggest strategies which may improve the process if the patient is distressed.
28. Activity 3—Administration of Insulin medications
Assume the MO has determined Insulin administration is required for this activity:
• Perform a BGL reading and determine the dose of Insulin required.
• Describe how you would administer the Insulin. Describe the dosage measurement and
state the principles of care when administering of a subcutaneous injection of insulin.
• Outline the range of Insulin medications used in Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 management.
Detail the difference between short, medium and long acting types of insulin
• Outline the injection sites for Insulin administrations.
  38
• Outline the dietary requirements and planning for Emily whist she is admitted and thus
requiring close glycaemia monitoring.
• Outline the oral medications used for blood glucose maintenance. How do these differ
from Insulin?
29. Activity 4—Acute assessment and management of a

hypoglycemic situation
This activity requires one person of your group to assume the role of the patient undergoing a
hypoglycaemic event whilst on the ward.
• Explain the clinical symptoms of the observed ‘hypo’ event.
• Outline the nursing assessment immediately required.
• Detail the nursing interventions required to maintain patient safely and securely. Critique
and support the actions of all members of the group advising and acting.
  39
Although, she is being discharged, the risk of another ‘hypo’ event is real.
• Outline the major requirements for Emily and her parents to implement.
• Outline the community facilities and Diabetic Mellitus public information available for
Emily and her parents.
  40
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 6: Part 2 - Nursing Management of Endocrine

Disorders – Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
The endocrine system is under study this week. The Tutorial scenario focuses on a 72 year
old man who has Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and relating health conditions. Differences with
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus will be made clearer as well as the nursing interventions required.
Relevant clinical nursing skills will be covered in your workshop related to the patient with
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

6• extend your knowledge of lifespan development in childhood and the implications for
nursing practice
7• expand on your assessment skills in the area of the endocrine system
8• apply diabetes management principles to type 1 diabetes mellitus
9• develop your knowledge base in the nursing management of a child who has type 1
diabetes mellitus
10• practise and discuss nursing skills relevant to the area under study including: care of skin,
feet and eyes in a client with diabetes, mixing of insulin, oral hypoglycaemic medications,
BGLs, and diabetic diet.
3What you need to do to meet your learning outcomes
  41
Attend your lectures, one tutorial and one workshop session as well as the following
activities.
Text readings
Brown, D & Edwards, H 2005, Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing assessment and

management of clinical problems, Elsevier Mosby, Sydney.
Chapters
46 ‘Nursing assessment: endocrine system’
47 ‘Nursing management: diabetes mellitus’
WEEK 6: Workshop activities—Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Read through this scenario and consider the questions that follow. Please be ready to discuss
your answers in the workshop
Jean Paul is a 72 year old man living on his own in a small apartment in the suburbs. He was
a chief for many years and had a French restaurant for 15 years after immigrating to
Australia. He never married but has a son living nearby with his family.
He was diagnoses with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus eight years ago after the development of
several foot neurotropic ulcerations and various points of dermopathy around his body. He
has begun to develop early signs of diabetic neuropathy in his right hand. Changes in his
urinary function were also detected and a diagnosis of nephropathy was confirmed. This renal
condition is monitored annually. His father died of diseases related to Diabetes Mellitus aged
82 years.
His physical activity is minimal due to lifestyle choices, foot pain, and ‘not having the
willingness to do so’. Consequently he is obese and weights 127kgs at 5ft 9. He smokes
heavily in his apartment and consumes approximately 1 packet daily. His diet is devoted to
his love of homeland French cuisine and he consumes large amounts of it. He does not drink
alcohol as he thinks it diminishes the taste of his cooking.
Despite medical instructions, he takes his BGL reading infrequently and does not incorporate
nutritional modifications to his eating habits. He is determined to remain a smoker.
Jean Paul’s medications include: Enalapril (ACE inhibitor) for his hypertension and kidney
conditions. Metformin, for blood sugar level maintenance, which he often forgets to
administer. He takes regular Panadol for foot and other bodily pain.
His son Michael came to visit him where he found Jean Paul very somnolent and almost
unable to move or coordinate. He was immediately taken to the emergency department. A
diagnosis of Hyperosmolar Hyperglycaemic Non-Ketotic Syndrome (HHNS) is made and
medical treatment is rapidly instigated to manage this life-threatening syndrome. He has not
developed this medical condition since his diabetic diagnosis.
The findings of the emergency department are:
BP: 85/55
Temp: 37.8
  42
Resps: 26
Pulse: 118
SAO2 91%
BGL: 48 mmol/L
IV Insulin: immediate treatment for high BGL
IV N/S 1000mls 250mls hour – then titrated according to fluid volume status.
IV 5% dextrose administered when BGL is 12-16 mmol/L to prevent hypoglycaemia.
Cardiac irregularity detected by ECG
Pronounced dehydration and serum osmolarity – frequent urination.
Ketoacidosis not present.
Routine blood and urine tests for electrolyte balances.
Oxygen therapy via nasal cannula commenced at 4L.
In your group consider the nursing care required for Jean Paul. When you read his care
plan and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five major groups
of nursing interventions to do, divide them between you. Take time as a group to prioritise
these tasks.
the activity.
31. Activity 1—Cardiac monitoring – ECG
Given the understandable cardiac irregularities secondary to HHNS, an ECG is warranted:

Outline the precise reason for an ECG for Jean Paul. Link your reasoning to his current
medical condition.
• Outline the importance of the registered nurse being able to detect cardiac arrhythmias.
Discuss the link with cardiac angiopathy and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2.
  43
• Perform an ECG on a consenting fellow student. Explain your nursing actions to other
students in the group. Critique and support
32. Activity 2—Blood Glucose Level (BGL) Monitoring
• Describe the rationale for frequent monitoring of BSL in Type 2 Diabetes.
• Outline the nursing observations that you would frequently make given the necessity for
BGL monitoring concerning Jean Paul’s’ HHNS.
• When are the most frequent sights to perform BGL’s? Be mindful of Jean Paul’s’ age and
physical condition.
• Perform a BGL. Document your findings. What is the range of BGL readings considered
within an acceptable range? Remember Jean Paul’s current diagnosis and Type 2
diabetes.
• Outline the nursing interventions when performing a BGL reading on a Jean Paul, when
he becomes agitated and refuses the intervention.
  44
33. Activity 3—Administration of hypoglycemic oral medications
Assume the MO has determined Insulin administration is no longer required for treatment.
• What are the classes of hypoglycaemic medications? Which class does Jean Paul’s’
medication belong?
• Describe how Metformin works. How does it benefit Jean Paul?
• Under what circumstances is Insulin prescribed to treat Type 2 Diabetes patients?
• Outline why Jean Paul received IV Insulin does? Examine the set-up presented.
• Is there a risk of hypoglycaemia through Jean Paul’s’ treatment? How can this be
prevented? What signs would you look for?
  45
34. Activity 4—Neurovascular observations
This activity requires one person of your group to assume the role of the patient undergoing a
neurovascular assessment whilst on the ward.
• Explain the clinical requirements to your group of neurovascular assessments.
• Outline the nursing actions required.
• Discuss the principles of care regarding the normal findings during a neurovascular
assessment including.
o • the abnormal findings during a neurovascular assessment
o • the abnormal findings during a neurovascular assessment.
• Demonstrate the correct procedure for a neurovascular assessment by examining another

student (with their consent) using all equipment available.
• Students will discuss the principles of care including neurovascular assessment in the
assessment for patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, particularly:
o • diet
o • skin
o • eyes
  46
o • feet
o • mobility.
Given Jean Paul’s self stated less than adequate diabetic management:
• Outline the major educational requirements for Jean Paul.
• Outline the community facilities and Diabetic Mellitus public information available for
Jean Paul – pay attention to his age group and Type 2 Diabetes.
• Outline the required nutritional changes required for Jean Paul’s’ management of his Type
2 Diabetic Mellitus:
36. Activity 5—Agitation/ Confusion Management
 Outline the nursing interventions to manage Jean Paul’s’ agitation and confusion:
  47
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 7: Nursing Management of Renal Disorders –

End Stage Renal Failure
This week will focus on urological/renal diseases culminating in urological/renal failure.
The tutorial focuses on chronic renal disease (CRD) leading to end stage renal disease
(ESRD). The practical workshop will involve a number of activities including fluid and
electrolyte management, blood pressure (BP) management, arterio-venous fistula/graft
(AVF or AVG) care and central venous dialysis catheter (CVDC) care.

• describe the clinical manifestations, complications, collaborative care, and nursing
management of a person with CRD leading to ESRD.
• describe the preoperative and postoperative nursing management for a person requiring
AVF or AVG formation prior to haemodialysis.
• describe the treatment options of a person with ESRD including haemodialysis, chronic
ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) and renal
(kidney) transplantation
• describe the nursing and collaborative management of a person undergoing

haemodialysis.
Text readings

Chapters
43 ‘Nursing assessment: urinary system’
45 ‘Nursing management: acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease
  48
WEEK 7: Workshop activities—ESRD and AVF post-surgical care
Nguyen is a 35 year old female who lives in Fulham Gardens. She is married with two young
children (8 and 6 years old). She has lived in Australia for the past two years and her English is
limited. She was admitted 2 weeks ago with symptoms of increasing lethargy, nausea, weakness,
depression, and recurring gastritis. Following diagnostic tests including blood tests (urea,
creatinine, potassium), renal ultrasound and renal biopsy she was diagnosed with ESRD. Nguyen
had not previously been diagnosed with (chronic renal disease) CRD. On day 2 after admission
Nguyen had a CVDC (often called a Permcath) inserted into her left subclavian vein and
haemodialysis was commenced. After 10 days of intermittent haemodialysis (every alternate day)
she had an AVF surgically constructed in her left forearm. She returned from theatre 8 hours ago.
Current nursing care includes:

• post-operative observations (BP not on operated arm)
• post-operative neurovascular observations
• observation of bruit/thrill
• wound observation
• RIB
• IVT
• FBC
• Her medications include:
o Paracetamol or Panadine Forte 1g QID prn
o IV AB (Two Doses) Cephalothin 1gm 8/24.
o Alutab 1 TDS
o Amlodipine 10mg nocte
o Caltrate 3 TDS
o Calcitriol 1 mcg non-dialysis days
o EPO 6000u s/c twice weekly
o Folic Acid 5mg daily
o Loperimide 2 nocte
o Vit C 500mg post dialysis
o Mega B 1 post dialysis
  49
In your group consider the nursing care required for Nguyen. When you read her care
plan and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five major groups
of nursing interventions to do, divide them between you. Take time as a group to prioritise
these tasks.
the activity.
38. Activity 1—Post- Operative Nursing Management
Given the understandable concern of Nguyen regarding her ESRD and surgical interventions:
• Formulate a nursing care plan for Nguyen for the first 24 hours on the ward. Include the
following: Look at the
– statement of Nguyen’s most significant nursing needs.
– nursing interventions including rationale.
– changes that may need to occur to the nursing care plan during the first 24-hrs period.
– Consider the cultural and language requirements of Nguyen.
• Detail and discuss with group members the nursing interventions required to maintain
patient safely and securely. Critique and support the actions of all members of the group
advising and acting.
39. Activity 2—AVF surgical site
• Describe the new blood flow through Nguyen’s new left arm AVF.
  50
• Outline the nursing observations that you would frequently make post-operatively.
• What is the importance of assessing the Thrill and Bruit of the AVF sight? Describe the
meaning of these two terms.
• Document your findings of the above AVF assessment accordingly.
• Allow one student in the group to assume the role of Nguyen, explain this assessment to
her with regard to language difficulties.
40. Activity 3—Neurological Assessment
• Perform a neurological assessment on Nguyen’s left arm.
  51
• Describe the nursing responsibilities and assessment required.
• Outline the pathophsiological reasons for such an assessment.
• What are the nursing responsibilities if a sudden decrease in neurological results is

detected. Be sure to critique each student’s suggestions.
• Discuss why a BP is not to be done on this arm. Is this now a permanent precaution?
41. Activity 4—IVT Management, IV AB administration, and
• Nguyen’s IVT flask is due for changing. Explain to the other group members the nursing
responsibility for these procedures.
• Document the above change in the FBC.
  52
• Detail and discuss the nursing interventions required to administer the medically ordered
IV AB.
• Administer the IV AB. Other members of the group to provide critique and support.
Although she is being discharged, the need for regular haemodialysis is vital.
• Outline the major changes for Nguyen and her family to implement.
• Outline the community facilities and Haemodialysis public information available for
Nguyen.
• Outline the considerations which will likely be implemented to enhance the discharge
planning process, given Nguyen’s cultural background and language limitations.
  53
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 8: Part 2 Nursing Management of Urological

Disorders –UTI & SPC
This week will focus on permanent urological problems of an elderly man. The tutorial
focuses on chronic UTI development due to the use of a permanent SPC. The practical
workshop will involve the nursing responsibilities for treating a UTI and the assessment
and maintenance of an SPC.

• describe the clinical manifestations, complications, collaborative care, and nursing
management of a person with chronic urological problems – chronic UTI development
• describe the nursing management for a person requiring UTI treatment and SPC
monitoring
• describe the treatment options of a person with urological problems – chronic UTI
• describe the education and public health information able to be give to such patients

Text readings

Chapters
43 ‘Nursing assessment: urinary system’
44 ‘Nursing management: renal and urological problems
  54
WEEK 8: Workshop activities—UTI & SPC nursing interventions
Peter is a 78 year old nursing home resident. He has been resident in the home for ten years
following the death of his wife from liver cancer. Peter’s daughters rarely visit and he insists
on remaining in his room alone most of each day.
His physical mobility is poor and he remains in his wheelchair rather than walking. He has
significant osteoarthritis in his hips and left knee. He has Type 2 diabetes resulting in lower
leg ulcerations and hypertension. Peripheral neuropathy is also present in his lower legs. Peter
will not take hypoglycaemic medication as he says he doesn’t eat enough nor wants to take
such tablets. The nursing home RN performs BSL twice weekly.
Two months ago he had a suprapubic catheter (SPC) inserted following numerous incidents
of urinary tract infections. Medical investigations revealed a neurogenic bladder with
associated low bladder wall compliance. His tolerance of having such a urinary catheter has
been low and he refuses to be involved in its care and maintenance. Such low involvement
has contributed to the numerous cases of (urinary tract infections) UTI’s.
Three days ago the nursing home staff noticed an increase in his agitation and confusion; he
frequently refused to have carers attend to his hygienic needs. An increase in flank pain,
discomfort, agitation, and development of a fever led to his emergency department admission
where a severe recurrent upper UTI with related urethritis were diagnosed. Misuse and non-
hygienic maintenance of his SPC in the nursing home are the determined as causes. A
dipstick urinalysis confirmed presence of nitrates and leucocytes.
Peter is on your ward undergoing treatment for his infections and the assessment and
management of his SPC.
You are assigned his care:
• IVT N/S 1000mls 8 hours
• Diabetic diet. Encourage fluids
• IV AB Penicillin 1.2gms 8/24
• BSL – random daily
• Panadol 1gm QID prn
• Oxybutynin 10 mgs prn.
• Metformin 850mg nocte
• Metaprolol 25mgs mane
• Seranace 1.5mg prn
• SPC maintenance and assessment – 2/24
  55
• FBC
• Agitation and confusion management.
In your group consider the nursing care required for Peter. When you read his care plan
and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five major groups of
nursing interventions to do, divide them between you. Take time as a group to prioritise
these tasks.
the activity.
43. Activity 1—SPC Nursing Management
Read the medical orders for Peter’s SPC management and undertake the following tasks:
– Discuss with other group members the need for an SPC.
– Describe the placement of an SPC.
– Describe the flow of urine when an SPC is insitu.
– Describe the equipment used for an SPC.
• Detail and discuss with group members the nursing interventions required to maintain
and assess an SPC safely and securely. Critique and support the actions of all members of
the group.
  56
• Whilst assessing the state of urine flow, you notice urine has stopped flowing. Peter
reports feeling pain in his lower abdomen and it is firm to the touch.
• Describe the nursing actions taken to try to resume urine flow.
• Perform these nursing actions.
• If a medical order for irrigation is obtained, describe how this is done and
perform the procedure. Other group members to critique and support.
44. Activity 2—IVT management and IV AB administration
Discuss with group members the requirement for Peter’s IVT administration.
 Discuss the benefit to his UTI treatment.
 Does he have any pre-existing conditions which may be contraindicative?
 Assume Peter has removed his IV line and knocked over the IVT.
 Replace the IVT with new N/S flask and IV giving set.
 Document the above change in the FBC.
 Detail and discuss the nursing interventions required to safely administer the medically
ordered IV AB.
 Outline the class of AB’s Penicillin belongs to.
  57
 Administer the IV AB. Other members of the group to provide critique and support.
53. Activity 3— Management of confusion
You have noticed that Peter is becoming agitated and confused and the RN suggests that you
conduct a mental assessment.
• Discuss the responsibility that the nurse has in relation to Peter’s confusion.
o Outline the possible causes for his confusion
• Perform both assessments on a fellow student

o Reflect on how you felt, both as the administrator and receiver of the
test.
• Outline the actions that you could take to minimise Mr Roller’s confusion
Please ensure that you document this care provided for Peter on your shift.
54. Activity 4—Urine analysis and documentation
• Explain the need for analysis and monitoring of Peter’s urine?
  58
• Perform a urine analysis with the available equipment.
• Detail and discuss the nursing interventions required when undertaking such an analysis
and related documentation.
Although, Peter is now being discharged, the need for regular self and nursing maintenance is
vital to prevent future incidences of UTI.
• Discuss the nursing responsibilities that need to be implemented by the RN at Peter’s
nursing home.
• Discuss the strategies which can be employed by the RN to promote Peter’s involvement
in the care and maintenance of his SPC.
• Outline the considerations in changes to his diet and fluid intake which will assist in the
prevention of future UTI incidences.
  59
Use the space below to document workshop notes:
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 9: Nursing Management of Gastrointestinal

Disorders – Large Bowel Obstruction
1The gastrointestinal system is under study this week. The scenario focuses on a patient who
develops a large bowel obstruction from cancer and undergoes a resection with a temporary
colostomy. Her consequential clinical nursing care will be covered in the workshop.
  60
5• expand on your GIT nursing assessment skills
6• develop your knowledge base in the nursing management of an elderly person undergoing
major GIT surgery
7• extend your knowledge of nursing management of clients with a diagnosis of cancer, major
surgery, loss of independence, and a chronic illness
8• practise nursing skills relevant to the area under study including: NG tube drainage and
LPS, colostomy/ileostomy care, revision of PEGs, assessment of bowel sounds, faecal
impaction, constipation/diarrhoea, nausea and vomiting.

Attend the lectures, one tutorial and one workshop session as well as the following activities.
Read the case study, ask the critical questions and then refer to the relevant pages in the
following texts to answer those critical thinking questions.
9 Complete these activities
Text readings

Chapters
38 ‘Nursing assessment: gastrointestinal system’
41 ‘Nursing management: lower gastrointestinal problems’
Research the following medications and complete the pharmacology worksheet before
coming to the tutorial.
  61
Trade and Generic
Name MODE OF ACTION PRECAUTIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING
IMPLICATIONS
MAXALON
CEPHALOTHIN
  62
Trade and Generic Name PRECAUTIONS N MODE SIDE EFFECTS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
OFACTIO
METRONIDAZOLE
GENTAMICIN
  63
Workshop activities—Gastrointestinal System
Mrs Carsons is a an 86 year old woman who was admitted to the ward two days ago with
mild abdominal pain, anorexia, slight nausea and chronic constipation for investigation
via her GP. She has no significant past medical history and is taking no medications. Her
GP had done a Haematest on her stool in the surgery and found it to be positive for occult
blood.
On admission Mrs Carsons seems very anxious. She says she has never been in hospital
before and ‘she is frightened that she’ll never get out’. When you ask her why, she says
‘she’s sure she’s got cancer and she’s going to die’. She also tells you that she lives alone
since her husband died six years ago, but her only daughter, who is 58 and married, visits
her every day and they are very close.
Her admission observations are T 37.5°C, P92 (reg), R22, BP 145/90
On examination, Mrs Carsons’ tissue turgor is poor, her tongue is dry and coated, her lips
are cracked and her skin is dry and frail. Her abdomen is distended and she pulls away
when you try to palpate it. On auscultation you hear no bowel sounds in the left upper and
lower quadrants but hyperactive sounds in the right upper and lower quadrants. Her
admission weight is 50 kgs and she is 160 cm tall. She tells you ‘she used to be quite a
big woman, weighing about 10 stone a year ago’. She has no explanation for this weight
loss, however.
About two hours after her admission Mrs Carsons calls you over urgently and says she
thinks she’s going to be sick. She promptly vomits about 150 mls of green bile into the
bowl you offer her. After making her as comfortable as possible you administer the
injection of IM Maxalon 10 mgs 4-6 hourly that has been ordered. Unfortunately this has
no effect and Mrs Carsons continues to vomit large amounts over the next two hours
culminating in a large brown offensive vomit. The total amount she has vomited is 680
mls. Her observations are T 38°C, P118 (reg), R 26, BP100/55.
You call the RMO, who after examining Mrs Carsons diagnoses a large bowel
obstruction. He inserts a NG tube and asks for it to be on free drainage, inserts a Jelco
with Normal Saline 1000 mls running over four hours and he asks you to prepare Mrs
Carsons for emergency surgery.
During surgery Mrs Carsons is found to have Ca Bowel—Dukes Category C. The surgeon
goes on to perform a Left Hemi-colectomy and creates a temporary colostomy. During the
procedure the bowel was perforated distal to the anastomosis but this was repaired during
the operation. She returns to the ward with a NG tube, an IDC and IV line in situ. Her
midline abdominal wound is clean and dry and covered by combine and Hyperfix. She is
receiving O2 via nasal spectacles and she is drowsy but rousable. When asked, she states
she is experiencing pain at a level of 8 out 10.
Her post-op orders are:
0• routine post-op obs.
1• naso-gastric tube on free drainage.
2• oxygen @ 2L/min via nasal specs.
3• nil orally
4• measure urine output 2 hourly
5• IVT: 5% Dextrose 1/5 Normal Saline 1000 ml in 8 hours (current bag)
6• normal Saline 1000 mls in 8 hours
7• 5% Dextrose and 1/5 Normal Saline 1000 ml in 8 hours.
2
3Medications:
o Morphine 5-10 mgs S/C 2—4 hourly PRN.
o Maxalon 10mg IV 6-8 hourly PRN.
o • Cephalothin 1 gm TDS IV.
o • Metronidazole 500 mgs TDS IV.
o • Gentamicin 160 mgs IV daily.
o • Panadine 500 mg-1000 mgs 4 hourly PRN.
In your group, consider the nursing care required for Mrs Carson. When you read her
care plan and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five major
groups of nursing interventions to do, divide them between you. Take time as a group to
prioritise these tasks.
The lead role for each group of activities should be rotated between group members.
The remainder of the group are to provide guidance and critical feedback to the person
leading the activity.
Ensure that you document your care accurately.
Nursing interventions
56. Pre-activities
Prioritise the nursing care for Mrs Carson and give a rationale for the prioritisation
Priority Rationale
57. Activity 1—Assessment of blood loss through wound dressing
Mrs Carson calls tells you that her dressing feels very wet. When you check the bed and
wound, you find it wet with blood
• Discuss the possible causes of the blood loss.
o What vital sign assessments would you make to assess the degree of
blood loss?
o Should these be adversely changed, who would you notify?
  65
• Outline the observation you could make – referred pain at certain anatomical point
will assist here.
• Mrs Carson does not want the blood soaked dressing changed. What strategies would
you employ to help her see the need for this dressing attendance?
• One of the group members should redress it after checking the care plan, using the
resources at your disposal and implementing an aseptic technique.
o The remainder of the group provide guidance and critical feedback to the
person implementing the procedure.
58. Activity 2—N/Gastric Tube
• Check Mrs Carson’s ‘non-medication orders’ to determine how frequently you need
to aspirate her N/G tube.
• Aspirate her N/G tube and measure the result.
• Measure the contents in her drainage bag
• Add the two amounts together to determine if she needs any replacement fluid and
document appropriately on her FBC
• Outline the nursing care required for Mrs Carson regarding her N/G tube
  66
• Why is Mrs Carson nil orally? What are the medical reasons for this?
59. Activity 3—IV fluid replacement for N/G drainage
• Check Mrs. Carson’s N/G IV replacement fluid orders

• Follow the IV replacement orders and add the appropriate amount to the side arm
burette.
• Calculate the flow rate and regulate the IV accordingly—document appropriately on
FBC
• Discuss whether there should be any IV additives to her IV replacement fluid taking
into consideration her electrolyte levels.
• Discuss the purpose of the fluid replacement regime in this situation
  67
• Explain the serious complication which could arise if this does not occur
• Explain why a burette is essential on the side arm.
60. Activity 4—Administration of her IV antibiotics
• Note which IV ABs are due and administer those for your shift.
o Ensure that you sign for the medications that you give
• Outline the protocols when administering her IV antibiotics
• Outline the factors that are checked in the Australian injectable drugs handbook, 2nd
edn, before administering an IV medication
• Administer the IV antibiotic having another student assess your performance

• Document appropriately
61. Activity 5—Bowel Sound Assessment
• What are the nursing responsibilities for bowel sound assessment?
  68
• What medical reasoning underlies the need for bowel sound assessment.
• Physically perform a bowel assessment on Mrs Carson.

 Where quadrant of the abdomen is this performed?
 How long does an assessment take?
 Are the findings documented?
 What is the nurse listening for?
62. Activity 6—Pain relief
o Assess Mrs Carson’s pain. What would you expect to find and why?
o Discuss the main side effect of opioid analgesia and how it may be detected &
reversed.
  69
o Discuss whether the pain relief administered is appropriate for this problem, and Mrs
Carson’s age.
o Outline how you would assess the effectiveness of the pain relief
Workshop notes
63. OSCE skills
Use this page to note and document nursing skills that you have learnt this week.
Take note of pertinent issues, and feedback given to you from your lecturer.
This may assist you in revising for the OSCE later in semester.
NURS2105: Workbook
  70
Week 10: Nursing management of Hepatobilary
Disorders
This week involves the study of the hepatobiliary system. The tutorial focuses on a
woman who develops acute pancreatitis secondary to cholelithiasis; she is admitted for an
open cholecystectomy. The workshop will focus on the nursing skills associated with
caring for patients with such hepatobiliary problems.

• apply critical thinking to the scenario presented.
• apply primary health care (PHC) principles to the scenario.
• utilise your knowledge of physiology and pharmacology (from 1st & 2nd year) in
your analysis of the scenario.
• appreciate the relevance of cultural safety in the nursing context.
• plan the nursing management of a patient with pancreatitis secondary to
cholelithiasis.
• Plan and implement the post operative open cholecystectomy nursing management.

64. Before attending your tutorial, read this week’s scenario and
complete the readings below
Brown, D & Edwards, H (eds) 2005, Lewis’s medical-surgical nursing: assessment and
Chapters:
42 ‘Nursing management: liver, biliary tract and pancreas problems’
17 ‘Nursing management: preoperative care’
19 ‘Nursing management: postoperative care’
65. Attend the lecture, tutorial and workshop for this week
  71
Workshop activities—Hepatic-biliary focus
Mrs Justine Oliver (aged 32 years) is seen in Accident & Emergency with the following
clinical findings
• Acute RUQ pain
• Severe nausea & vomiting
• T – 37.8˚C
• P - 108
• R – 26
• BP – 110/60
• Mild jaundice
• Some abdominal distension
Her medical history is
• She has been having episodes like this for about a month, but none of them have
been this bad
• She can’t really say if they have been associated with any particular food intake
• The only medication that she tales is the “Pill” which is oestrogen based.
• Her alcohol intake is an average of 3 Standard Drinks a week
The MO orders the following tests
• Serology
o CBP
o LFT
o Electrolyte levels
o C-reactive Protein
• CXR
• Abdominal X-ray
• Abdominal Ultrasound
• ERCP
The results show
• Raised White Cell Count
• Raised creatine
• Raised SGOT, LDH & ALT
• Raised BUN
• Enlarged & swollen CBD & Pancreatic Duct with stones in evidence
• Raised CRP
  72
• Raised BGL
The provisional diagnosis is acute pancreatitis due to cholelithiasis and she is to be

admitted for an open cholecystectomy. She arrives in the ward with the following orders
• N/G tube in situ on free drainage
• IVT – 3 Litres in 24 hours alternating Hartmanns with N/Saline
• N/G tube to be aspirated with IV replacement of N/Saline
• IV Antibiotics – Metronidazole 500mg/100mls TDS & Ticacillin 1g 8/24
• Analgesia
o S/C Morphine 2.5-5mg 2/24
o IM Hyoscine butylbrmide 20mg/ml
• Nil Orally
You are assigned to look after her the next day when she has just returned from theatre
after her open cholecystectomy with
• IVT – with 2 lines

o the main IV line is running at 3L/24 hrs, this can be reduced once her naso-
gastric fluids have been reduced & bowel sounds have returned
o the second line is for replacement of her naso-gastric fluids which you will
need to calculate 4/24ly
• IV ABs are to continue
• Wound drain (Haemovac) in situ
• T-tube in situ
• S/C Morphine 2.5-5mg 2/24 for pain relief
• RIB with toilet privileges as tolerated for 1st 24 hours, then mobilise as tolerated
• N/G tube in situ on free drainage

o Aspirate 2/24ly – replace with IV fluids if > 50mL an hour
o To be removed once drainage < 50 mls an hour for 4 hours
• Free fluids once N/G tube is removed
• Light diet once N/G tube removed and bowel sounds are present
In your group, consider the nursing care required for Mrs Oliver. When you read her
care plan and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are five major
prioritise these tasks.
Ensure that you document your care accurately.
  73
Nursing interventions
66. Pre-activities
Prioritise the nursing care for Mrs Oliver and give a rationale for the prioritisation
Priority Rationale
67. Activity 1—Assessment of strike through and blood loss and

dressing a wound
It is now 10.00 am and Mrs Oliver calls you over and tells you that her dressing feels very
wet. When you check the bed and wound, you find it wet with blood
• Discuss the possible causes of the blood loss.
• Outline the observations that you could make to check your hypothesis
• Explain to Mrs Oliver why it is so important that the dressing is completely changed
rather than reinforced in this situation
  74
• One of the group should redress it after checking the care plan, using the resources at
your disposal and implementing an aseptic technique.
o The remainder of the group provide guidance and critical feedback to the
person implementing the procedure.
68. Activity 2—N/Gastric Tube
• Check Mrs Oliver’s ‘non-medication orders’ to determine how frequently you need to
aspirate her N/G tube.
• Aspirate her N/G tube and measure the result.
• Measure the contents in her drainage bag
• Add the two amounts together to determine if she needs any replacement fluid and
document appropriately on her FBC
• Outline the nursing care required for Mrs Oliver regarding her N/G tube
69. Activity 3—IV fluid replacement for N/G drainage
• Check Mrs. Oliver’s N/G IV replacement fluid orders

• Follow the IV replacement orders and add the appropriate amount to the side arm
burette.
• Calculate the flow rate and regulate the IV accordingly—document appropriately on
FBC
  75
• Discuss whether there should be any IV additives to her IV replacement fluid taking
into consideration her electrolyte levels.
• Discuss the purpose of the fluid replacement regime in this situation
• Explain the serious complication which could arise if this does not occur
• Explain why a burette is essential on the side arm.
70. Activity 4—Administration of her IV antibiotics
o Ensure that you sign for the medications that you give
• Outline the protocols when administering her IV antibiotics
  76
• Outline the factors that are checked in the Australian injectable drugs handbook, 2nd
edn, before administering an IV medication

71. Activity 5—Wound and T-Tube care
• Check wound drain for patency and drainage and record

o Describe and document findings on the Fluid Balance Chart (FBC).
o Check the patency of the HaemovacTM drain and, if required, recharge it
using the instructions from the procedure manual to guide you.
o If the HemovacTM drain is not patent, outline other signs and symptoms
that you might observe in Mrs Oliver
• Check T-tube for patency and drainage and record

o Describe and document findings on the Fluid Balance Chart (FBC).
o Describe a T-tube drain and explain why it has been used in Mrs Oliver’s
case
  77
o Explain the procedures which are instigated before removing the t-tube and give the
reasons for doing so
o Assess Mrs Oliver’s pain. What would you expect to find and why?
o Discuss the main side effect of opioid analgesia and how it may be detected &
reversed.
o Discuss whether the pain relief administered is appropriate for this problem
  78
Workshop notes
73. OSCE skills
Use this page to note and document nursing skills that you have learnt this week.
Take note of pertinent issues, and feedback given to you from your lecturer.
This may assist you in revising for the OSCE later in semester.
  79
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 11: Nursing Management of Haematological

Disorders
This week focuses on problems relating to the haematological system. Knowledge of
haematology is useful in clinical environments to assess the patient’s ability to transport
oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other blood-borne considerations. The tutorial will focus on
various haematological problems and their management options. The workshop will involve a
number of activities focussed on the OSCE assessment later in the semester. These will
involve wound management, patient education, pain management, and infection control and
prepare the student for this item of assessment.

• Describe the clinical manifestations, complications, collaborative care, and nursing
management of the patient with haematological problems. Iron-deficiency anaemia,
Neutropenia, and Thrombocytopenia will be discussed.
• Describe the preoperative and postoperative nursing management for the patient with
haematological considerations.
• Explain the essential functions of the haematological system.
• Describe age-related changes in the haematological system and differences in
assessment findings.

Chapters:
29 ‘Nursing assessment: haematological system‘
30 ‘Nursing management: haematological problems‘
If you wish to read more widely you may wish to revise these chapters.
Galbraith, A, Bullock, S & Manias, E 2004, Fundamentals of pharmacology, 4th edn,
Pearson Education Australia, Prentice Hall Health, Frenchs Forest, NSW.
Chapters:
46 ‘Anticoagulants, Thrombolytics and Antiplatelet Drugs’, pp. 482-496.
50 ‘Antianaemic Drugs’, pp. 546-552.
51 ‘Drugs used to Maintain Gas Exchange’, pp.553-570.
  80
Workshop activities — OSCE Practice Scenarios

This workshop involves a number of activities focussed on the OSCE assessment later in
the semester. Practice activities involve wound management, patient education, pain
management, and infection control. These nursing skills have been focused upon in
previous workshops. Each member of the group is to provide support and critique on
other group members nursing interventions.
In your group, consider the nursing care required for the activity. When you read care
plans and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are 5 major
prioritise these tasks
76. Activity 1—Plaster care and wound management – wound

packing activity.
77. Activity 2—PCA pain assessment and pain relief.
78. Activity 3— Sterile wound dressing – infection control focus.
79. Activity 4—Post operative patient care - IVT maintenance

and replacement.
80. Activity 5—Patient education - Diabetes Type 2 focus.
  81
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 12: Part 1 - Nursing management of

Reproductive Disorders – Female Focus
This week focuses on two problems relating to the female reproductive system. The
tutorial examines endometriosis and its management options. The workshop will involve
a number of activities related to the post operative management of an abdominal
hysterectomy.

management of the patient with endometriosis
• Describe the preoperative and postoperative nursing management for the patient
requiring major surgery of the female reproductive system
• Explain the functions of the major hormones essential for the structure and function
of the female reproductive system.
• Describe age-related changes in the female reproductive system and differences in
assessment findings.
• Describe the nursing and collaborative management of the patient undergoing an
abdominal hysterectomy.

Chapters:
49 ‘Nursing assessment: reproductive system’
52 ‘Nursing management: female reproductive problems’
  82
Workshop activities — Female Reproductive /urinary focus
Tracey is 38 years of age and has been in a stable relationship with her partner David for 11
years. They live in Pasadena and both work full time in the hospitality industry. Tracey has
been living with endometriosis, dysmenorrhoea and dyspareunia. she was first diagnosed
following a diagnostic laparoscopy at 20. She has undergone another two laparoscopies which
involved laser surgery to remove the many ‘chocolate cysts’ found in her peritoneal cavity.
Tracey has also tried a six-month course of danazol but was unable to tolerate the acne side
effects. Tracey and David have been unsuccessful in becoming pregnant after trying for seven
years with IVF. Tracey is now fed-up with the pain and disruption to her life and the lost time
from work. Together they have discussed the options and Tracey has decided to have an
abdominal hysterectomy so that laser oblation of the endometriosis can occur at the same
time. While the nurse is alone with Tracey, she tells the nurse that prior to her relationship with
David she become pregnant and had a termination. She does not want David to know about
this.
Tracey is prepared for theatre and David walks beside her until he reaches the transfer bay.
The ward RN walks David back to Tracey’s room to await her return. Four hours later, Tracey
returns to the ward very sleepy with the following postoperative care orders:
Routine postoperative vital signs and wound/rain checks:
• morphine PCA and purge

• IVT for hydration 4% dextrose and 1/5 normal saline
• IDC
• wound drain
• wound covered and dry
• RIB
• fluids when bowel sounds return and passage of flatus.
In your group, consider the nursing care required for Tracey. When you read his care
plan and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are 7 major groups
of nursing interventions to do, divide them between you. Take time as a group to
  83
Prioritise the nursing care for Tracey and give a rationale for the prioritisation.
Priority Rationale
82. Activity 1—IDC maintenance
• Outline the nursing actions required for a woman with an IDC in situ.
o Complete the FBC.
o Outline nursing focus when maintaining the IDC
• Discuss why Tracey has had an IDC inserted after an abdominal hysterectomy?
• Would you alert the medical officer about changes in the urine appearance to blood
colour?
• Explain whether you would wear sterile gloves to empty the urinary drainage bag
  84
83. Activity 2—Intra-venous therapy
• Check the IV orders & IVT

o Ensure they are correct and reduce or increase the IV rate as needed.
o Observe his IV site for any problems
– Outline the most common problems associated with an IV site
– Offer solutions for those problems
o Check that his IVT is flowing on time & there is no air in the line
– Discuss and demonstrate ways to remove air from an IV line
o If the bag is due to run out, ensure that you change the bag as per orders.
– Calculate the flow rate and regulate the IV accordingly and
document on the FBC
84. Activity 3—Administration of IV antibiotics
o Ensure you sign for the medications that you give
• Outline the protocols when administering his IV antibiotics
• Outline the factors that are checked in the Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook 2nd
Edn before administering an IV medication
  85
85. Activity 4— Assessing Bowel sounds post operatively.
• Discuss the reasoning for auscultation of Tracey’s bowel sounds post operatively.
• Explain physical nursing interventions to perform a bowel sound assessment.

• Perform the bowel sound assessment.
• How long is the nursing time devoted to this activity?

• Which abdominal quadrant is/are concentrated on? Why?
• How would you explain this nursing intervention to Tracey when she inquires?
  86
86. Activity 5—Deep breathing and coughing (DB&C), leg
exercises (LE) and positioning
Tracey needs to learn how to perform post-operative exercises.

• Discuss the common post operative exercises and give a rationale for each
• You may wish to use incentive Spirometry for part of these exercises.
o Explain to Tracey how to use a TriFlo
o Explain how a TriFlo aids in breathing & coughing exercises
• Discuss how you would teach him these exercises and explain the procedures to your
group.
87. Activity 6—Wound Drain Maintenance
Tracey has an abdominal wound drain insitu.

• Discuss the responsibility that the nurse has in monitoring this wound drain.
o Outline the reasoning for drain insertion and maintenance.
  87
• Outline the actions that you could take should the drain begins to collect a sudden and
large blood volume.
• Outline the actions that you could take should the drain cease to collect blood,
combined with increased abdominal swelling and discomfort.
• Outline the documentary requirements of a patient with a wound drain.

• What forms are required?
Please ensure that you document all care provided for Tracey on your shift.
  88
NURS2105: Workbook
Week 13: Part 2 - Nursing management of

Reproductive Disorders – Male Focus
This week focuses on problems relating to the male reproductive system. The tutorial will
examine Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and its management options. The workshop
involves a number of activities relating to the post-operative management of bladder
irrigation following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) secondary to BPH.

management of the patient BHP.
• Describe the preoperative and postoperative nursing management for the patient
requiring major surgery of the reproductive system
• Explain the functions of the major hormones essential for the structure and function
of the male reproductive system.
• Describe age-related changes in the male reproductive system and differences in
assessment findings
• Describe the nursing and collaborative management of the patient undergoing a
transurethral resection of the prostate.

Chapters:
49 ‘Nursing assessment: reproductive system’
53 ‘Nursing management: male reproductive problems’
  89
Workshop activities — Male Reproductive /urinary focus

Mr Roller first went to his GP with a 1 year history of decreased force and amount of
urinary stream, difficulty in starting urination and dribbling at end of urination. He also
complained of an incomplete feeling on emptying the bladder. He now has nocturia and
dysuria and he has had 2 Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) in the past 2 months. He has had
a pre-operative C&S of his urine and is currently free from infection. He also has the
occasional indigestion and dyspepsia which respond well to antacids. Mr. Roller is 65
years of age and weighs 102kgs.
Mr Roller has been admitted to your ward to undergo a Trans-urethral-resection- prostate

gland (TURP) for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH).
Pre-operatively Mr. Roller was visited by and anaesthetist and the attending surgeon.
The doctor has ordered that he have the following tests done
• CBP and Cross Match
• CXR
• ECG
• PSA
Nursing assessment on admission revealed that he is quite anxious about surgery, and
his indigestion has been troubling him. His urinalysis: Ph 5.5 NAD
• Post op orders
• Routine post operative care
• Standard triple lumen catheter and continuous bladder irrigation (CBI) with N/Saline –
2000ml flasks.
• Check patency of catheter and flow 1/24ly & prn
• Change CBI flasks prn to maintain continuous bladder irrigation.

• FBC
• IVT: Hartmanns running at 100 – 120mls/hr
• Pain relief Morphine 10-15mg sc 4/24ly
• Antiemetics as per post-op pathway for nausea & vomiting
• Check wound 1/24ly
• IV ABs
  90
• IV Oxybutin 5mg 8.24ly prn – oral
• Ceftriaxone (Rocephin) 500 mg BD
• Oral stool softeners
• Breathing, coughing and leg exercises
• Frequent changes of position
• Pelvic Floor Exercises
In your group, consider the nursing care required for Mr Roller. When you read his
care plan and case notes consider what you have to do as a group. There are 7 major
Ensure you document all care appropriately.
Prioritise the nursing care for Mr Roller and give a rationale for the prioritisation.
Priority Rationale
90. Activity 1—Continuous bladder irrigation
• Outline the nursing actions required for a man with continuous bladder irrigation in
situ.
o Complete the FBC, including the irrigation and urine output for the last
irrigation bag.
o Follow the orders and commence the next irrigation bag.
• Discuss why the urine is a rose colour
  91
• State when would you alert the medical officer about changes in the urine colour
• Explain whether you would wear sterile gloves to empty the urinary drainage bag
91. Activity 2—Intra-venous therapy
• Check the IV orders & IVT

o Ensure they are correct and reduce or increase the IV rate as needed.
o Observe his IV site for any problems
– Outline the most common problems associated with an IV site
– Offer solutions for those problems
  92
o Check that his IVT is flowing on time & there is no air in the line
– Discuss and demonstrate ways to remove air from an IV line
o If the bag is due to run out, ensure that you change the bag as per orders.
– Calculate the flow rate and regulate the IV accordingly and
document on the FBC
92. Activity 3—Administration of his IV

antibiotics/oxybutin/antiemetics
• Outline the protocols when administering his IV antibiotics
• Outline the factors that are checked in the Australian Injectable Drugs Handbook 2nd
Edn before administering an IV medication

Mr Roller is complaining of severe nausea and has started to vomit.
• Determine the most appropriate antiemetic to administer to Mr Roller and give
reasons for your choice
• Administer the antiemetic those for your shift.
  93
• Assess Mr Roller’s pain.
• Explain the particular problem with CBI which causes pain
  94
• Discuss the main side effect of opioid analgesia and how it may be detected and
reversed.
• Discuss whether the pain relief administered is appropriate for this problem
  95
94. Activity 5—Deep breathing and coughing (DB&C), leg
exercises (LE) and positioning
Mr Roller needs to learn how to perform post-operative exercises.

• Discuss the common post operative exercises and give a rationale for each
• You may wish to use incentive Spirometry for part of these exercises.
o Explain to Mr Roller how to use a TriFlo
o Explain how a TriFlo aids in breathing & coughing exercises
• Discuss how you would teach him these exercises and explain the procedures to your
group.
95. Activity 6—Management of confusion
You have noticed that Mr Roller is becoming agitated and confused and the RN suggests
that you conduct a mental assessment.
• Discuss the responsibility that the nurse has in relation to Mr Roller’s confusion.
o Outline the possible causes for his confusion
  96
• Outline the actions that you could take to minimise Mr Roller’s confusion.
  97
• Perform both assessments on a fellow student
o Reflect on how you felt, both as the administrator and receiver of the
test.
• Outline the actions that you could take to minimise Mr Roller’s confusion
Please ensure that you document all care provided for Mr Roller on your shift
  98

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FLINDERS UNIVERSITY

Nursing & Midwifery Faculty of Health Sciences

Week 2: Part 2 - Nursing Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders.............................12

Week 1: Part 1 - Nursing Management of Musculoskeletal

Learning outcomes for this week

What you need to do to meet your learning outcomes

• her R) forearm in a back slab

• Fentanyl 4/24ly prn

• Abduction pillow in situ

• wound drains x 2 patent and draining

• routine post op care

• 2 units of autologous blood to be administered as per medical instructions

• neurovascular observations to L) leg

• abduction pillow to turn

• food and fluids as tolerated

• The year 1 student asks you to explain.

o Explain how OA has caused her to need a THR.

o Exactly what does a THR entail?

o Outline the pathophysiology of a Colles # including how it is reduced.

In discussion with the 1st year student consider.

Mrs Bartini is reluctant to move in bed because of her L) hip pain.

4. Activity 3—Neurovascular observations of Mrs Bartini’s L) leg

5. Activity 4—Plaster care and neurovascular observations of Mrs Bartini’s

• Discuss how it is detected and also treated.

Nerve Motor test Sensory test

Nerve Motor test Sensory test

Fair-skinned people Dark-skinned people

6. Activity 5—Autologous blood

• Define autologous blood.

• Discuss why autologous blood is preferred to donor blood.

7. Activity 6—Dietary modification

• Construct a calcium rich diet across life span considering:

Week 2: Part 2 - Nursing Management of Musculoskeletal

Learning outcomes for this week

What you need to do to meet your learning outcomes

Consult a pharmacology text regarding:

WEEK 2: Workshop activities—Musculoskeletal focus

His care is outlined as follows:

• Ward diet and fluids.

• Bowel monitoring and coloxyl and senna when necessary

9. Activity 1—Explanation of osteomyelitis to Mr Cartwright (Patient

• The patient asks you to explain.

o Outline precisely what the treatment of osteomyelitis entails.

o Outline the most likely causes of osteomyelitis including how it is

10. Activity 2 — pain relief for Mr Cartwright

Mr Cartwright is experiencing and demonstrating severe pain.

• Outline your choice of pain analgesia and administer. Document procedure.

11. Activity 3—Neurovascular observations of Mr Cartwright’s R) leg

• Perform neurovascular observations on Mr Cartwright’s R) leg.

12. Activity 4—Plaster care and wound management including wound

• Outline the nursing care require for Mr Cartwright’s R) leg cast.

• Perform a surgical site assessment on Mr Cartwright’s R) leg. Document your findings.

• Discuss the importance of the sterile wound dressing nursing technique.

• Outline the major discharge planning requirements for Mr Cartwright.

• Should long term IV AB treatment be necessary, how will this be achieved?

Week 3: Part 1 Nursing management Cognitive and

Learning outcomes for this week

What you need to do to meet your learning outcomes

• A deep laceration to her forehead, requiring seven sutures.

• A haematoma to the back of her head

• Slow response to verbal stimuli

• Pupils were equal and reacting, but sluggish

• Respiratory rate 32 and shallow