Fighting Crime through Information Technology

Prepared by: Samuel N Waweru, CFE Principal Auditor In Charge Teammate Audit Management and Documentation System Kenya National Audit Office For permission to use or adapt this presentation, please contact S.N. Waweru, at wawesam@yahoo.com or wawerusn@kenao.go.ke or +254-722-241082 or +254733241082 or +254-773-072332

What is crime???
Crime is the breach of rules or laws for which some governing authority (via mechanisms such as legal systems) can ultimately prescribe a conviction. Individual human societies may each define crime and crimes differently, in different localities (state, local, international), at different time stages of the so-called "crime" (planning, disclosure, supposedly intended, supposedly prepared, incompleted, completed or futuristically proclaimed after the "crime").

What is criminal intelligence???

This is information:1. 2. 3. computed, analysed and disseminated anticipate, prevent or monitor criminal activities

In an effort to:1. 2. 3.

Players in the Justice System

The Police The Prosecution The Judiciary The Legislature The Prisons Services The Probation department The National Security Intelligence Service Interpol Other Governments Registrar of persons Immigration The Community (Community Policing

Interplay of Parties in the fight against crime

Due to involvement of various arms of government Need for connecting the arms Need to address shared issues Need to transform, modernise and rationalise the justice system Need for proper case management Need to have a dedicated Intelligence hub

Moving from Rhetoric to Reality

Issues affecting justice dispensation

Criminal Justice and regulatory system notoriously fragmented System still paper based IT Systems in place rarely talk to each other

Problems inherent in the justice system

Business processes and workflow not linked Laws, Policies and Procedures not aligned Privacy issues Balance between civil liberties vs efficient justice systems Data and Information Security

Challenges facing the Justice system in the fight against crime

Fragmented evidence
1. Police Investigations 2. Intelligence information

Inability to analyse and act on criminal and emergency events data into information
1. Trend and pattern identification 2. Anticipate and prevent incidents

Limited resources
1. Reduce crime and enforce law and protect public with limited resources

Common operational issues

Incomplete information view Unstructured information flow Poor ability to operate on information Delay and inaccuracies in end to end information Difficult to align operations to management priorities Slow information update Hard to synthesize data into information Inefficient working Security (witness and information security)

Business intelligence and the Justice System

Drowning in Data but thirsting for information Fragmented databases within an organisation and around the Country. Need to have a common Business intelligence Harness the available information Share the available resources with adequate safeguard. Ensure Public Safety

Business Intelligence
Identify trends, patterns and clusters Hot spots Predictive analysis Intuitive drill down

cont

Importance of Data
Common entities
1. 2. 3. 4. People Objects Location Events

Single point of truth

1. Golden record

Different types of data to be managed

1. Hard factual information 2. Soft Intelligence

Common Enterprise Information Model

Detect (What Happened?)

Act (Who does what?)

Analyse (Why did it happen?)

Model (How to optimise across alternatives?) (What if Analysis) (Creating Scenarios)

Fragmented data impact on operations

Poor frontline Support

Re-Keying Data Poor data Quality

Hard to Find Information

Duplicate Data

Data Management (Knowledge Base)

Govern

Consolidate

Trusted Master Data

Share

Cleanse

Case Management
Incidents Lead, Suspect or Group

Request for Action

Link Analysis

Evidence and Records

Case and record vault

Protection Realm Multi Factor Authorisation

Reports

Vault
Separation of Duty

Command Rules

Case management
Lead Management Offences Offender Link Analysis Evidence Management Location Circumstance

cont
Incident Management Subject Suspect

Preservation and Custody Victim

Case management
Citizen Victim Incident management Witness Crime Suspect

cont
Intelligence Custody Evidence Propo Perform Reports

Officer Duty Management

Resources Human Resource

Crime (Missing Person) Finances

Firearm Register Link Analysis

Case Preparation Prosecution

Expected outcomes
Create efficiency less need to return to the police office Improve service delivery
1. National register 2. Crime reporting 3. Investigations

Reduced administration and bureaucracy Shared database Electronic case file

IT as an enabler
Laying the infrastructure Leverage lessons learned Training and development

Building infrastructure
Database Security:1. Both physical and logical 2. Data and Witness

Access availability Integrity Confidentiality

Way forward
Justice as an eco-system
1. Strategic planning on the Justice System 2. Sectoral Wide involvement of key players

Reduce Complex infrastructure

1. Permit Sharing of Data and storage

Ensure Data Security Enable case tracking

1. Address Case delays 2. Reduce justice waiting time

Business transformation
1. Cohesive approach to efficient delivery of justice 2. Efficient use of resources

Improve Justice services without raising public spending

ABOUT THE PRESENTER

Samuel N. Waweru, CFE, is a member of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE) He is a Principal Auditor at the Kenya National Audit Office in charge of Teammate Audit Management and Documentation Implementation Mr. Waweru is a frequent speaker at professional auditing and information technology seminars. He is a champion of clean sustainable environment He can be reached at +254-722-241082 or +254-733-241082 or +254773-072332 or wawesam@yahoo.com or wawerusn@kenao.go.ke

The end
Thank you