Ingles

Presente Simple Interrogativo Para construir preguntas en el presente simple necesitamos utilizar el verbo "DO".
Tambin podemos hacer preguntas con otros auxilares como: Be oHave Got. Ahora, concentrate en el interrogativo: DO. Como utilizamos este verbo para crear las preguntas? Porque do es solamente un auxiliar, necesitamos un verbo para crear la pregunta, por ejemplo live. Llamamos esto the main verb o el verbo principal. Los verbos principales pueden ser: like, play, live, speak, go, want, work, etc. Main verbs no tienen que cambiar porque esto lo hace el auxilar do. Luego, necesitamos construir una pregunta. Como lo construimos? Primero, utiliza el auxilar: Do Do... Do... Does... Does... Does... Do... Do... Do... Luego, pon el sujeto (you, John, the rose, etc.) (Nota: He, She y It estn acompaados por does y no do.) Do I... Do you... Does he... Does she... Does it... Do we... Do you... Do they... Luego, pon el verbo principal (live, go, come, etc.) en su forma del infinitivo (la forma bsica del verbo) y completas la oracin: Do I go... Do you go... Does he go... Does she go... Does it go... Do we go... Do you go... Do they go... Por ejemplo, para preguntar si una persona vive en una ciudad grande, esta es la pregunta: Do you live in a big city? (Live el el verbo principal de la oracin y do es el verbo que ayuda a hacer la pregunta. Ahora, en el ingls los verbos cambian en la tercera persona singular (he, she, it) y se utiliza DOES para preguntar sobre una tercera persona o cosa (Does he...? Does she...? Does it...?). Por ejemplo, para preguntar si la hermana de una persona vive en una ciudad grande, pregunta: "Does your sister live in a big city?" Para preguntar si la hermana de una persona trabaja o estudia, pregunta: "Does your sister work or study? 2.4. Tiempos verbales-Verb tenses 2.4.1. Present tenses- Tiempos verbales de presente.
2.4.1.1. Simple Present tense- Presente simple. Este es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente y con una frecuencia determinada, es decir, cada da, cada maana, etc. Ej.: John washes the dishes every day. (John lava los platos cada da). Forma negativa del Simple Present: Sujeto+Do not o don't/does not o doesn't +verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John does not/doesn't wash the dishes every day. Forma interrogativa del Simple Present: Do/does+ sujeto+ verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: Does John wash the dishes every day? Para la negacin y la interrogacin de las frases con este tiempo verbal, necesitamos el verbo auxiliar (to) do. 2.4.1.2. Present Continuous/Progressive tense- Presente Continuo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente, en el mismo momento en el que se est enunciando la frase. El Present Continuous se forma con el presente del verbo (to) be ms el verbo de la accin en gerundio (Infinitivo+-ing). Ej.: John is washing the dishes right now. (John est lavando los platos ahora mismo). Forma negativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Sujeto+is/are+not+verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej: John is not/isn't washing the dishes right now. Forma interrogativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos? 2.4.2. Past tenses-Tiempos verbales de pasado. 2.4.2.1.Simple past tense- Pasado simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, sin que importe excesivamente el momento del pasado en el que tuvieron lugar. Ej.: John washed the dishes yesterday evening. (John lav los platos ayer por la tarde).
Para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa del Simple Past, necesitamos la ayuda del verbo auxiliar (to) do, esta vez con su tiempo en pasado, DID. Forma negativa del Simple Past: Sujeto+ DID not/didn't+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+Complementos. Ej.: John didn't wash the dishes yesterday evening. Forma interrogativa del Simple Past: DID+ Sujeto+ verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Did John wash the dishes yesterday evening? En ingls, hay dos tipos de Simple Past o de pasado simple: el regular o el irregular. Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past aadiendo el sufijo -ed al infinitivo y los verbos
irregulares forman su Simple Past sin seguir ninguna regla. En este apartado de la pgina tienes acceso a la lista completa de todos los verbos irregulares que hay en ingls. Un ejemplo de Simple Past regular es el del verbo (to) wash= (lavar), cuyo Simple Past es washed y un ejemplo de verbo irregular es el de (to) break= (romper) , cuyo Simple Past es broke. 2.4.2.2. Past Continuous/Progressive Tense- Pasado contino: Es un tiempo verbal en el que se expresan acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, pero en un momento concreto. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el pasado del verbo (to) be (was o were)+ el verbo de la accin en gerundio (infinitivo+-ing). Ej: John was washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. (John estaba lavando los platos a las ocho ayer por la noche). Forma negativa del Past Continous/Progressive: Sujeto+ Was not o wasn't/were not o weren't+ Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej.: John was not/wasn't washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. Forma interrogativa del Past Continuous/Progressive: Was/were+Sujeto+Verbo de la accin en gerundio+ Complementos?. Ej.: Was John washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night? 2.4.2.3.Present Perfect tense- Pretrito Perfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el presente del verbo (to) have, has o have+el participio del verbo de la accin: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej.: John has washed the dishes this morning. (John ha lavado los platos esta maana). Forma negativa del Present Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ has not o hasn't /have not o haven't + Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John has not/ hasn't washed the dishes this morning. Forma interrogativa del Present Perfect Tense: Has/Have+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: Has John washed the dishes this morning? 2.4.2.4.Past perfect tense-Pretrito pluscuamperfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado menos reciente que el que se expresa en el Present Perfect. Es lo que se denomina el pasado del pasado (past in the past). Se forma con el verbo (to) have en pasado, had+ el participio del verbo de la accin: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej: John had washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. (John haba lavado los platos a las dos de la tarde). Forma negativa del Past Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ had not/hadn't+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John had not/hadn't washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. Forma interrogativa del Past Perfect Tense: Had+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en participio+ Complementos.
2.4.3) Future tenses- Tiempos verbales de futuro 2.4.3.1.Simple future- Futuro simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro, sin importar excesivamente el momento. Se forma con la partcula will+ el infinitivo del verbo de la accin sin el (to). Ej.: John will wash the dishes tomorrow. (John lavar los platos maana). Forma negativa del Simple Future: Sujeto+ will not/won't+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John will not/ won't wash the dishes tomorrow. Forma interrogativa del Simple Future: Will+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: Will John wash the dishes tomorrow?. 2.4.3.2) Near future- Futuro prximo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro, pero se trata de un futuro muy cercano al momento en el que se habla. Se forma con el verbo (to) be en presente (is o are), seguido de GOING TO+ el infinitivo del verbo de la accin. Ej.: John is going to wash the dishes tonight. (John va a lavar los platos esta noche). Forma negativa del Near Future: Sujeto+ is not o isn't/ are not o aren't+ Going to+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John is not/isn't going to wash the dishes tonight. Forma interrogativa del Near Future: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Going to+ Verbo de la accin en infinitivo+ Complementos?. Ej.: Is John going to wash the dishes tonight? Adems de estos tiempos verbales bsicos, existen otros compuestos a partir de estos que ya hemos visto, que irs conociendo a medida que vayas avanzando en tu conocimiento del ingls. Despus de este breve apunte sobre los tiempos verbales, te facilitamos unos ejercicios para que compruebes si has comprendido el apartado anterior.
RESUMEN TIEMPOS VERBALES NOMBRE TIEMPO TRADUCCIN Presente simple I work PRESENTE Presente continuo To be + -Ing. Presente Canto
USOS Acciones habituales. Verdades generales. Presente progresivo Estoy cantando Acciones en proceso de
realizacin. Acciones futuras (con adverbios de tiempo). Pres perf simple Pretrito perfecto I have + participle *(regular o He cantado irregular) Pres perf continuo I ave been + -ing Pasado simple Infinitive + ed *(regular o irregular) Pretrito perfecto He estado cantando Accin pasada relacionada con el presente. Accin pasada que contina en el presente.
PASADO
Acciones pasadas Pret.Indefinido/imperfecto terminadas. Cant / cantaba Narraciones en pasado. Pret. Indef. / imperfecto Estaba cantando Acciones pasadas en proceso de realizacin. Acciones pasadas anteriores a otra tambin pasada. Accin pasada en proceso de realizacin anterior a otra tambin pasada.
Pasado continuo I was + -ing
Pas perf simple I had + participle *
Pret. Pluscuamperfecto Haba cantado
Pas perf continuo I had been + -ing
Pret. Pluscuamperfecto Haba estado cantando
CONDI FUTURO
Futuro simple I shall / will +infinitive Futuro continuo I'll be + -ing Futuro perf simple I shall have+ participle
Futuro imperfecto Cantar Futuro progresivo Estar cantando Futuro perfecto Habr cantado
Futuro perf continuo Futuro perfecto I shall have been Habr estado cantando +ing Condicional I would work Condicional perfecto
I would have worked PRESENTE SIMPLE Afirmativa--Sujeto + Infinitivo sin to (3 se le aade -s- o -es) I read my book Negativa--Sujeto + dont / doesnt + infinitivo sin to I dont read the book Interrogativa--Do/Does + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to Do you read the book? PRESENTE CONTINUO Prsente simple de to be y el participio de presente del verbo que se conjuga. AfirmativaSujeto + To be + Verbo -ing I am playing football InterrogativaTo be + Sujeto + Verbo -ing Am I playing football? NegativaSujeto + To be + not + Verbo -ing I am not playing football Para hablar de algo que est pasando en el momento-- Wnat are you doing now? PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE AfirmativaSujeto + Have (has)+ Verbo (3Columna o -ed-) I have been in New York InterrogativaHave/has + Sujeto + Verbo (3Columna o -ed-) Have I been in New York? NegativaSujeto + Havent/hasnt + Verbo (3Columna o -ed-) I havent been in New York Para hablar de experiencias en la vida-- Have you ever visited Paris? AdverbiosYet, always, never, ever, just, already 1) Si para preguntar por el tiempo en que se realiz una accin es preciso utilizar el pasado simple, para preguntar sencillamente por la realizacin de una accin se usa el presente perfecto. Ejemplos: When did you go to London? (pasado simple) . Have you ever been to London? (presente perfecto). 2) con referencia a acciones realizadas recientemente en expresiones con just, adverbio que debe situarse entre el auxiliar y el participio. La expresin castellana equivalente se construye con acabar de. Ejemplo: I have just seen her --- Acabo de verla. 3) con referencia a acciones recientes o con expresiones que denotan un perodo de tiempo an no acabado. Ejemplo: I have read that book recently . I have not read that book yet. 4) con referencia a acciones iniciadas en el pasado que siguen desarrollndose en el presente. En estos casos es frecuente el uso de las preposiciones for (si se trata de un perodo de tiempo) o since (si se menciona el momento concreto o la fecha exacta en que se comenz la accin). Ejemplos: I have worked here for ten years. I have worked here since July. PASADO SIMPLE No se especifica el momento en el que ocurrio la accion. Se forma aadiendo -ed al infinitivo sin to. Cuando el verbo acaba en -e slo se aade-d. AfirmativaSujeto + Verbo (2columna o -ed-) + CompI bought flowers InterrogativaDid + Sujeto + infinitivo sin to + CompDid I buy flowers in the shop? NegativaSujeto + didnt + Verbo en infinitivo sin to PASADO CONTINUO Se forma con el pasado simple del auxiliar to be y el participio de presente del verbo que se conjuga. AfirmativaSujeto + was/were + Verbo -ing I was playing football InterrogativaWas/were + Sujeto + Verbo -ing Was I playing football? NegativaSujeto + wasnt/werent + Verbo -ing I wasnt playing football Para hablar de algo estaba en curso en momento concreto del pasado--I was watching at 9.00 FUTURO SIMPLE Cuando se decide hacer algo en el momento de hablar Cuando algo va a ocurrir en un futuro lejano Con peticiones, con pronsticos, con promesas,invitaciones Cuando nos negamos a hacer algo Para ofrecerseI will phone the police for you En lenguaje formal (en las noticias)The president will open de new heliport tomorrow En los restaurantesIll have roast-beef En las oraciones temporales y condicionales (1er orden.)If you want, Ill buy the CD FUTUR PLANS To be going to Para expresar una intencinIm going to fly Paris
Para expresar una prediccin de la que hay evidencias en el presenteIts going to rain (Its cloudy) Para expresar un rechazoIm not going to do it
INFINITIVE
2
beat (bit)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
ESPAOL
ser, estar golpear, latir, batir llegar a ser comenzar doblarse, inclinarse apostar en algo atar, unir, ligar
be (bi) [am/are/is] beat (bit) become (bikm) begin (bigun) bend (bend) bet (bet) bind (bind)
was/were (us/ur)
been (bin) beaten (bitn) become (bikm) begun (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund)
became (bikim) began (bign) bent (bent) bet (bet) bound (bund)
bite (bit) bleed (bl:d) blow (blu) break (brik) breed (br:d) bring (bring) build (bilt) burn (bern) buy (bi) catch (kach) choose (chus) come (km) cost (kost) creep (kr:p) cut (kat)
bit (bit) bled (bled) blew (blu) broke (bruk) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt) bought (bot) caught (kot) chose (chos) came (kem) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat)
bitten (btn) bled (bled) blown (blun) broken (brukn) bred (bred) brought (brot) built (bilt) burnt (bernt) bought (bot) caught (kot) chosen (chsn) come (km) cost (kost) crept (krept) cut (kat)
morder/se sangrar soplar, hacer sonar romper criar, reproducir/se traer construir quemar comprar agarrar elegir venir costar arrastrar, deslizarse cortar
deal (d:l) dig (dig) do (d) [does] draw (dr:) drink (drink) drive (driv) fall (fol) feed (f:d) feel (f:l) fight (fit) find (find)
dealt (delt) dug (dag) did (dd) drew (dr) drank (drnk) drove (druv) fell (fel) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fand)
dealt (delt) dug (dag) done (dn) drawn (drn) drunk (drank) driven (drvn) fallen (flen) fed (fed) felt (felt) fought (f:t) found (fund)
tratar, ocuparse cavar, excavar hacer dibujar, atraer beber conducir caer alimentar sentir luchar, pelear encontrar
flee (fl:) fling (fln:) fly (fli) forget (forgut) freeze (fr:s)
fled (fled) flung (flang) flew (flu) forgot (forgt) froze (frus)
fled (fled) flung (flang) flown (fln) forgotten (forgtn) frozen (frusn)
escapar, huir arrojar, lanzar volar olvidar helar, congelar
get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grind (grind) grow (gru)
got (got) gave (guiv) went (unt) ground (grund) grew (gr)
got/gotten (got/gotn) given (guvn) gone (gn) ground (grund) grown (grn)
obtener, conseguir dar ir moler cultivar, crecer
hang (jng) have (jev) [have/has] hear (jar) hide (jid)
hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hid (jid)
hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hidden (jdn)
colgar tener, haber or ocultar, esconder
hit (jit) hold (juld)
hit (jit) held (jeld)
hit (jit) held (jeld)
golpear sostener, soportar
keep (k:p) kneel (n:l) know (nu)
kept (kept) knelt (nelt) knew (ni)
kept (kept) knelt (nelt) known (nun)
guardar, conservar arrodillarse saber, conocer
lead (l:d) lend (lend) learn (lrn) leave (l:v) lose (l:s)
led (led) lent (lent) learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost)
led (led) lent (lent) learnt (lernt) left (left) lost (lost)
guiar, conducir prestar aprender irse, dejar, partir perder
make (mik) mean (m:n) meet (m:t)
made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)
made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)
hacer, fabricar significar encontrarse con
pay (pi) put (put)
paid (ped) put (put)
paid (ped) put (put)
pagar poner, colocar
read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran)
read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren)
read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran)
leer cabalgar sonar correr
say (si) see (s:)
said (sed) saw (s:)
said (sed) seen (sin)
decir ver
seek (s:k) sell (sel) send (send) shake (shik) shine (shin) shoot (sh:t) show (shu) shrink (shrink) shut (shat) sing (sing) sink (sink) sit (sit) slay (sli) sleep (slp) slide (slid)
sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shook (shuk) shone (shun) shot (shot) showed (shud) shrank (shrenk) shut (shat) sang (seng) sank (senk) sat (sat) slew (sli) slept (slpt) slid (slid)
sought (sot) sold (suld) sent (sent) shaken (shikn) shone (shun) shot (shot) shown (shun) shrunk (shrank) shut (shat) sung (sang) sunk (sank) sat (sat) slain (slin) slept (slpt) slid (slid)
buscar vender enviar agitar, sacudir brillar, resplandecer pegar un tiro mostrar, demostrar encogerse (tamao) cerrar cantar hundir/se sentar/se asesinar dormir resbalar, deslizar
sling (sling) smell (smel) speak (spik) spend (spend) spin (spin) stand (stand) steal (stl) stick (stik) sting (sting) stride (strid) strike (strik)
slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoke (spuk) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stole (stul) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak)
slung (slang) smelt (smelt) spoken (spukn) spent (spent) spun (span) stood (st:d) stolen (stln) stuck (stak) stung (stang) strode (strud) struck (strak)
lanzar con fuerza oler hablar gastar, pasar girar, hilar pararse robar pinchar, atascarse picar, arder dar pasos largos golpear, sonar
strive (striv) swear (sua:) sweep (su:p) swell (sul) swim (sum)
strove (struv) swore (sur) swept (supt) swelled (suld) swam (sum)
striven (strvn) sworn (surn) swept (supt) swollen (sulen) swum (sum)
esforzarse jurar, maldecir barrer hinchar/se nadar
take (tik) teach (tch) tear (ta:) tell (tel)
took (tul) taught (tot) tore (tor) told (told)
taken (tikn) taught (tot) torn (torn) told (told)
tomar, llevar ensear rasgar, arrancar decir, contar
think (zink) thrive (zriv) throw (zru) tread (tred)
thought (zot) throve (zruv) threw (zru) trod (trod)
thought (zot) thriven (zrvn) thrown (zrun) trodden (trden)
pensar, creer crecer, prosperar tirar, arrojar pisar, aplastar
understand (anderstnd) undertake (andertik) undo (and)
understood (anderstd) undertook (andertk) undid (andd)
understood (anderstd) undertaken (andertikn) undone (andn)
entender, comprender comprometerse, emprender deshacer
wake (uik) wear (uar) weave (wv) weep (w:p) win (un)
woke (uuk) wore (ur) wove (wov) wept (wpt) won (un)
woken (uukn) worn (urn) woven (wven) wept (wpt) won (un)
despertarse vestir, usar (ropa) tejer llorar ganar
wind (uind) Withdraw (uizdr:) wring (ring) write (rit)
wound (uund) withdrew (uizdr) wrung (rang) wrote (rut)
wound (uund) withdrawn (uizdrm) wrung (rang) written (rtn)
serpentear, enrollar retirar/se, extraer retorcer, escurrir escribir
Simple Present
What do you do? Qu haces? - What does he do? Qu hace?
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... I, we, you, they he, she, it
subject + 1 subject + 1 > s

Negative I don't go You don't go He doesn't go She doesn't go It doesn't go We don't go You don't go They don't go
1 go
2 went
3 gone
Affirmative I go You go He goes She goes It goes We go You go They go Affirmative
Interrogative Do I go? Do you go? Does he go? Does she go? Does it go? Do we go? Do you go? Do they go?
subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)
I go to New York - Voy a New York He goes to New York - El va a New York Negative
subject + don't / doesn't + 1
I don't go to New York - No voy a New York He doesn't go to New York - El no va a New York Interrogative Do I go to New York ? - Voy a New York?
Do / Does + subject + 1 ?
Does he go to New York? - Va l a New York?
usos del presente simple

Acciones habituales (estilos de vida, hbitos, rutina diaria).
Lucas gets up at 9:00 am. Lucas se levanta a las nueve. Paul and I do a lot of things every day. Paul y yo hacemos muchas cosas a diario.
Hechos o verdades generales.

The sun sets in the west. El sol se pone por el oeste. The Earth goes around the sun. La Tierra gira alrededor del sol.
Situaciones permanentes.
Maria lives in Buenos Aires. Mara vive en Buenos Aires. It costs a lot of money to stay at the Hilton. Cuesta mucho dinero alojarse en el Hilton.
Primer Condicional.
If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite. Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda.
expresiones usuales del presente simple

often - generally - usually - always - never every day - every week - every month - every year - sometimes
Simple Past
What did you do? Qu hiciste?
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... 1 go Negative I didn't go You didn't go He didn't go She didn't go 2 went 3 gone
subject + 2
Affirmative I went You went He went She went
Interrogative Did I go? Did you go? Did he go? Did she go?
It went We went You went They went
It didn't go We didn't go You didn't go They didn't go
Did it go? Did we go? Did you go? Did they go?
subject + 2 Affirmative I went to New York - Fui a New York He went to New York - El fue a New York subject + didn't + 1 Negative I didn't go to New York - No fui a New York He didn't go to New York - El no fue a New York Did + subject + 1 ? Interrogative Did I go to New York? - Fui a New York? Did he go to New York? - Fue l a New York?
usos del pasado simple

Acciones pasadas que tuvieron lugar en determinado momento y que ya han finalizado.
My parents didn't work last week. Mis padres no trabajaron la semana pasada. Lina worked in a bank from 1995 to 2002. Lina trabaj en un banco desde 1995 a 2002.
Hechos pasados expresados en secuencia.

Sheila got up at 7 am, had breakfast, took a shower and went to work at 9 am. Sheila se levant a las 7, desayun, se duch y fue a trabajar a las 9.
expresiones usuales del pasado simple

yesterday - last night - before - ago - in 2002 on their vacation - last weekend - last month - last year
Simple Present Perfect

What have you done? Qu has hecho?
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... 1 go 2 went 3 gone
subject + have / has + 3
Affirmative I have gone You have gone He has gone She has gone It has gone We have gone You have gone They have gone Affirmative
Negative I haven't gone You haven't gone He hasn't gone She hasn't gone It hasn't gone We haven't gone You haven't gone They haven't gone
Interrogative Have I gone? Have you gone? Has he gone? Has she gone? Has it gone? Have we gone? Have you gone? Have they gone?
subject + have / has + 3
I have gone to New York - He ido a New York He has gone to New York - El ha ido a New York Negative
subject + haven't / hasn't + 3
I haven't gone to New York - No he ido a New York He hasn't gone to New York - El no ha ido a New York Interrogative
Have / Has + subject + 3 ?
Have I gone to New York? - He ido a New York? Has he gone to New York? - Ha ido l a New York?
usos del presente perfecto simple

Por regla general, se lo utiliza para describir acciones que empezaron en el pasado y que an no han finalizado o que guardan alguna relacin con el presente.
Con el adverbio just: acciones que acaban de ocurrir.

The President has just arrived from the US. El Presidente acaba de llegar desde EEUU. They both have just left for Bogota. Ambos acaban de partir para Bogot.
Con las preposiciones for y since.

We have lived in Italy for three years. Hemos vivido en Italia durante tres aos. I haven't heard from you since 1990!! No he tenido noticias tuyas desde 1990!!
Con los adverbios yet y already.

They haven't taken the Basic Exam yet. No han rendido el Examen Bsico an. I have already taken the Intermediate Exam. Ya he rendido el Examen Intermedio.
Con el grado superlativo de un adjetivo.

OM Smiles has always been one of the funniest sections in OM Personal. OM Smiles ha sido siempre una de las secciones ms divertidas de OM Personal.
Con las expresiones: It's the first, It's the second, etc.
It's the first time I have flown United. Es la primera vez que vuelo por United. It's the second time she has had lunch today. Es la segunda vez que almuerza hoy.
expresiones usuales del presente perfecto simple

since - for - just - ago - lately yet - already - never - ever - recently
Simple Past Perfect

What had you done? Qu habas hecho?
subject + had + 3
Affirmative I had gone You had gone He had gone She had gone It had gone We had gone You had gone They had gone Affirmative Negative I hadn't gone You hadn't gone He hadn't gone She hadn't gone It hadn't gone We hadn't gone You hadn't gone They hadn't gone
Interrogative Had I gone? Had you gone? Had he gone? Had she gone? Had it gone? Had we gone? Had you gone? Had they gone?
subject + had + 3
I had gone to New York - Yo haba ido a New York He had gone to New York - El haba a New York Negative
subject + hadn't + 3
I hadn't gone to New York - Yo no haba ido a New York He hadn't gone to New York - El no haba ido a New York Interrogative
Had + subject + 3 ?
Had I gone to New York? - Haba ido yo a New York? Had he gone to New York? - Haba ido l a New York?
usos del pasado perfecto simple
Accin del pasado que tuvo lugar antes que otra.

Her plane had already left when Thelma arrived at the airport. Su vuelo ya haba partido cuando Thelma lleg al aeropuerto.
Con el adverbio just para expresar una accin que acaba de ocurrir.
When Oliver phoned, the kids had just gone to bed. Cuando Oliver llam por telfono, los nios acababan de acostarse.
Tercer Condicional.
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.
Simple Future
What will you do? Qu hars?
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... 1 go Negative I won't go You won't go He won't go She won't go It won't go We won't go You won't go They won't go 2 went 3 gone
subject + will + 1
Affirmative I will go You will go He will go She will go It will go We will go You will go They will go Affirmative I will go to New York - Ir a New York
Interrogative Will I go? Will you go? Will he go? Will she go? Will it go? Will we go? Will you go? Will they go?
subject + will + 1
He will go to New York - El ir a New York Negative
subject + won't (will not) + 1
I won't go to New York - No ir a New York He won't go to New York - El no ir a New York
Interrogative Will I go to New York ? - Ir a New York?
Will + subject + 1 ?
Will he go to New York ? - Ir l a New York?
usos del futuro simple

Acciones que se van a desarrollar con certeza en el futuro.
I will play tennis tomorrow. Jugar tenis maana. OM Personal will be six in 2005. OM Personal cumplir seis aos en el 2005.
Prediccin en el futuro.
It will snow tomorrow. Nevar maana.
Promesas.
"Every Argentinian will have a job in this blessed country." (Carlos Menem) "Todo Argentino tendr un puesto de trabajo en este bendito pas." (Carlos Menem)
Ofrecimientos.
I will stay with you all night if you really need it. Me quedar contigo toda la noche si realmente lo necesitas.
Suele utilizarse el auxiliar shall (o su contraccin 'll) para el futuro de la primera persona del singular y del plural.
We shall go to the movies = We will go to the movies We'll go to the movies. Iremos al cine.
expresiones usuales del futuro simple

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year
Simple Future Perfect

What will you have done? Qu habrs hecho?
subject + will have + 3

Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
I will have gone You will have gone He will have gone She will have gone It will have gone We will have gone You will have gone They will have gone
I will not have gone You will not have gone He will not have gone She will not have gone It will not have gone We will not have gone You will not have gone They will not have gone
Will I have gone? Will you have gone? Will he have gone? Will she have gone ? Will it have gone? Will we have gone? Will you have gone? Will they have gone?
NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: WILL NOT = WON'T Affirmative
subject + will have + 3
I will have gone to New York - Habr ido a New York He will have gone to New York - El habr ido a New York Negative
subject + won't have + 3
I won't have gone to New York - No habr ido a New York He won't have gone to New York - El no habr ido a New York Interrogative
Will + subject + have + 3 ?
Will I have gone to New York? - Habr ido a New York ? Will he have gone to New York? - Habr ido l a New York?
usos del futuro perfecto

Acciones que ya se estn desarrollando o que se van a desarrollar en el futuro, pero que cuando llegue ese momento futuro que se menciona la accin ya habr finalizado.
By tomorrow I will have finished my book. Para maana, habr terminado este libro. Before winter, you will have sold your old car. Antes del invierno, habrs vendido tu antiguo automvil. Before we arrive home, Mom will have prepared our breakfast. Antes de que lleguemos a casa, mam habr preparado nuestro desayuno. We will not have finished these reports by 7 pm!! No habremos finalizado estos informes para las 7 de la tarde!!
expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto

by 10 pm - by Monday - by tomorrow - by 2010 by next week - by next month - by next year
Simple Conditional
What would you do? Qu haras?
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... 1 go Negative I wouldn't go You wouldn't go He wouldn't go She wouldn't go It wouldn't go We wouldn't go You wouldn't go They wouldn't go 2 went 3 gone
subject + would + 1
Affirmative I would go You would go He would go She would go It would go We would go You would go They would go Affirmative
Interrogative Would I go? Would you go? Would he go? Would she go? Would it go? Would we go? Would you go? Would they go?
subject + would + 1
I would go to New York - Yo ira a New York He would go to New York - El ira a New York Negative
subject + wouldn't + 1
I wouldn't go to New York - Yo no ira a New York He wouldn't go to New York - El no ira a New York Interrogative
Would + subject + 1 ?
Would I go to New York ? - Ira yo a New York ? Would he go to New York ? - Ira l a New York?
Simple Conditional Perfect

What would you have done? Qu habras hecho?
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu...
subject + would have + 3
go Affirmative I would have gone You would have gone He would have gone She would have gone It would have gone We would have gone You would have gone They would have gone Affirmative Negative I wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone He wouldn't have gone She wouldn't have gone It wouldn't have gone We wouldn't have gone You wouldn't have gone They wouldn't have gone
went
gone
Interrogative Would I have gone? Would you have gone? Would he have gone? Would she have gone? Would it have gone? Would we have gone? Would you have gone? Would they have gone?
subject + would have + 3
I would have gone to New York - Yo habra ido a New York He would have gone to New York - El habra ido a New York Negative
subject + wouldn't have + 3
I wouldn't have gone to New York - Yo no habra ido a New York He wouldn't have gone to New York - El no habra ido a New York Interrogative
Would + subject + have 3 ?
Would I have gone to New York? - Habra ido yo a New York? Would he have gone to New York? - Habra ido l a New York?
usos del condicional perfecto simple

Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver. If she had studied at OM Personal, she would have passed her FCE examination. Si hubiese estudiado en OM Personal, habra aprobado su examen de First Certificate. If I had known that Buenos Aires was so cheap, I would have gone there. Si hubiese sabido que Buenos Aires es tan barato, habra ido all.
expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto simple

if I had ... - if I were ... - if he were ...
Simple Modals
What (can/could) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (may/might) you do? Qu (puedes/podras) hacer? What (must/should) you do? Qu (debes/deberas) hacer?
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... 1 go Negative I can't go I couldn't go I may not go I might not go I mustn't go I shouldn't go 2 went 3 gone
subject + modal + 1
Affirmative I can go I could go I may go I might go I must go I should go Affirmative
Interrogative Can I go? Could I go? May I go? Might I go? Must I go? Should I go?
subject + modal + 1
I can go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (posibilidad fsica, conocimiento) I could go to New York - Podra ir a New York (alternativa) I may go to New York - Puedo ir a New York (permiso) I might go to New York - Podra ir a New York (posibilidad) I must go to New York - Debo ir a New York (obligacin) I should go to New York - Debera ir a New York (obligacin moral, consejo) Negative I can't go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I couldn't go to New York - No podra ir a New York I may not go to New York - No puedo ir a New York I might not go to New York - No podra ir a New York I mustn't go to New York - No debo ir a New York I shouldn't go to New York - No debera ir a New York Interrogative Can I go to New York? - Puedo ir a New York ? Could I go to New York? - Podra ir a New York ? May I go to New York? - Puedo ir a New York ? Might I go to New York? - Podra ir a New York ? Must I go to New York? - Debo ir a New York ? Should I go to New York? - Debera ir a New York ?
subject + modal + not + 1
modal + subject + 1 ?
Progressive Present
What are you doing? Qu ests haciendo?
subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing"
...ing (...ando, ...endo)

Affirmative I am going You are going He is going She is going It is going We are going You are going They are going Negative I am not going You are not going He is not going She is not going It is not going We are not going You are not going They are not going Interrogative Am I going? Are you going? Is he going? Is she going? Is it going? Are we going? Are you going? Are they going?
subject + am/is/are + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I am going to New York - Estoy yendo a New York He is going to New York - El est yendo a New York Negative subject + am/is/are + not + 1 > "ing" I am not going to New York - No estoy yendo a New York He is not going to New York - El no est yendo a New York Am/Is/Are + subject + 1 > "ing" ? Interrogative Am I going to New York? - Estoy yendo a New York? Is he going to New York? - Est l yendo a New York?
usos del presente continuo

Acciones que ocurren en el momento de hablar.
Lucas is getting up now. Lucas se est levantando ahora. My wife is having lunch now. Mi esposa est almorzando ahora.
Planes futuros que han sido confirmados.

The manager is meeting me tonight. El gerente se va a reunir conmigo esta noche. They are arriving tomorrow morning. Van a llegar maana por la maana.
Acciones que tendrn lugar en un futuro prximo y sobre las que se ha tomado una resolucin firme.
I am going to visit their office in Caracas next week. Voy a visitar su oficina de Caracas la prxima semana.
Acciones habituales con sentido negativo que llevan always.

Mike is always talking nonsense. Mike siempre est hablando estupideces. He is always annoying his friends. Siempre est molestando a sus amigos.
verbos que no suelen utilizarse en presente continuo

know - like - want - love - hate - need
expresiones usuales del presente continuo

the next - at moment - now - in this week on Sunday - this evening - tomorrow
Progressive Past
What were you doing? Qu estabas (estuviste) haciendo?
subject + was/were + 1 >ing

Affirmative I was going You were going He was going She was going It was going We were going Negative I was not going You were not going He was not going She was not going It was not going We were not going Interrogative Was I going? Were you going? Was he going? Was she going? Was it going? Were we going?
You were going They were going Affirmative
You were not going They were not going
Were you going? Were they going?
subject + was/were + 1 > "ing"
I was going to New York - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were going to New York - Ud. estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Negative
subject + was/were + not + 1 > "ing"
I was not going to New York - No estaba (estuve) yendo a New York You were not going to New York - Ud. no estaba (estuvo) yendo a New York Interrogative
Was/Were + subject + 1 > "ing" ?
Was I going to New York ? - Estaba (estuve) yendo a New York? Were you going to New York ? - Estaba (estuvo) Ud. yendo a New York?
usos del pasado continuo

Actividades que ocurran en determinado momento del pasado y que continuaron despus.
At 11 am I was preparing our lunch. A las 11 estaba preparando nuestro almuerzo.
Actividades interrumpidas por acciones ms cortas.

When my friend was taking a shower, the telephone rang. Cuando mi amiga estaba duchndose, son el telfono. While Martha was listening to music, her brother did his homework. Mientras Martha escuchaba msica, su hermano hizo sus deberes
Acciones simultneas (ambas en presente continuo).

The kids were running and their grandfather was reading an old paper. Los nios estaban corriendo y su abuelo estaba leyendo un antiguo peridico.
Progressive Present Perfect

What have you been doing? Qu has estado haciendo?
subject + have / has + been + 1 > "ing"

Affirmative Negative
Interrogative
I have been going You have been going He has been going She has been going It has been going We have been going You have been going They have been going
I haven't been going You haven't been going He hasn't been going She hasn't been going It hasn't been going We haven't been going You haven't been going They haven't been going
Have I been going? Have you been going? Has he been going? Has she been going? Has it been going? Have we been going? Have you been going? Have they been going?
subject + have/has + been + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I have been going to New York - He estado yendo a New York He has been going to New York - El ha estado yendo a New York Negative subject + haven't / hasn't + been + 1 > "ing" I haven't been going to New York - No he estado yendo a New York He hasn't been going to New York - El no ha estado yendo a New York Have / Has + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ? Interrogative Have I been going to New York? - He estado yendo a New York? Has he been going to New York? - Ha estado l yendo a New York?
usos del presente perfecto continuo

Actividades que comenzaron en el pasado y continan en el presente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.
Monica and her husband have been living in Barcelona for ten years. Mnica y su esposo llevan viviendo en Barcelona diez aos.
Acciones que comenzaron en el pasado y pueden o no haber finalizado recientemente y resaltan la duracin del proceso.
The weather is really bad. It has been raining all night. El tiempo est realmente malo. Ha estado lloviendo toda la noche.
Acciones del pasado que acaban de concluir y cuyo estado es evidente.

Hmm. Nice smelling!! Have you been cooking your birthday cake? Hmm. Qu lindo aroma!! Has estado cocinando tu torta de cumpleaos?
Progressive Past Perfect

What had you been doing? Qu habas estado haciendo?
subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"

Affirmative I had been going You had been going He had been going She had been going It had been going We had been going You had been going They had been going Affirmative Negative I hadn't been going You hadn't been going He hadn't been going She hadn't been going It hadn't been going We hadn't been going You hadn't been going They hadn't been going
Interrogative Had I been going? Had you been going? Had he been going? Had she been going? Had it been going? Had we been going? Had you been going? Had they been going?
subject + had + been + 1 > "ing"
I had been going to New York - Haba estado yendo a New York He had been going to New York - El haba estado yendo a New York Negative
subject + hadn't + been + 1 > "ing"
I hadn't been going to New York - No haba estado yendo a New York He hadn't been going to New York - El no haba estado yendo a New York Interrogative
Had + subject + been + 1 > "ing" ?
Had I been going to New York? - Haba estado yo yendo a New York? Had he been going to New York? - Haba estado l yendo a New York?
usos del pasado perfecto continuo

Resalta la duracin de una accin que ocurri en el pasado antes que otra.
I was very tired when I arrived home. I had been working hard all day. Estaba muy cansado cuando llegu a casa. Haba estado trabajando mucho todo el da. Ken had been smoking for 30 years when he finally gave it up. Ken haba estado fumando durante treinta aos cuando finalmente dej de fumar. The soccer game had to be stopped. They had been playing for half an hour when a terrible storm began. El partido de ftbol tuvo que ser detenido. Haban estado jugando durante media hora cuando empez una espantosa tormenta.
Progressive Future
What will you be doing? Qu estars haciendo?
subject + will be + 1 > "ing"

Affirmative I will be going You will be going He will be going She will be going It will be going We will be going You will be going They will be going Affirmative Negative I will not be going You will not be going He will not be going She will not be going It will not be going We will not be going You will not be going They will not be going Interrogative Will I be going? Will you be going? Will he be going? Will she be going? Will it be going? Will we be going? Will you be going? Will they be going?
subject + will be + 1 > "ing"
I will be going to New York - Estar yendo a New York He will be going to New York - El estar yendo a New York subject + won't (will not) be + 1 > "ing" Negative I won't be going to New York - No estar yendo a New York He won't be going to New York - El no estar yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Will I be going to New York ? - Estar yendo a New York? Will he be going to New York ? - Estar l yendo a New York?
usos del futuro continuo

Acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro y que, al momento del tiempo al que nos referimos, seguirn desarrollndose. No siempre se menciona en la oracin el momento del futuro.
We will be watching TV. Estaremos viendo televisin. Tonight we will be watching TV. Esta noche estaremos viendo televisin. She will be visiting me. Me estar visitando. She will be visiting me on Sunday. Me estar visitando el domingo.
expresiones usuales del futuro continuo

tomorrow - the day after tomorrow - in 2010 next Monday - next week - next month - next year
Progressive Future Perfect

What will you have been doing? Qu habrs estado haciendo?
subject + will have been + 1 > "ing"

Affirmative I will have been going You will have been going He will have been going She will have been going It will have been going We will have been going You will have been going They will have been going Affirmative Negative I will not have been going You will not have been going He will not have been going She will not have been going It will not have been going We will not have been going You will not have been going They will not have been going Interrogative Will I have been going? Will you have been going? Will he have been going? Will she have been going? Will it have been going? Will we have been going? Will you have been going? Will they have been going?
subject + will have been + 1 > "ing"
I will have been going to New York - Habr estado yendo a New York He will have been going to New York - El habr estado yendo a New York Negative subject + won't (will not) have beeen + 1 > "ing" I won't have been going to New York - No habr estado yendo a New York He won't have been going to New York - El no habr estado yendo a New York Interrogative Will + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Will I have been going to New York? - Habr estado yendo a New York? Will he have been going to New York? - Habr l estado yendo a New York?
usos del futuro perfecto continuo

Acontecimientos o acciones pertenecientes a un perodo de tiempo entre ahora y algn momento del futuro, que puede serincompleto.
I will have been waiting here for five hours by 10 pm. Habr estado esperando aqu durante cinco horas cuando sean las 10 de la noche. By the time you finish our OM Basic Course, you will have been learning American English for six months. Para cuando finalices nuestro OM Curso Bsico, habrs estado aprediendo Ings Americano durante seis meses. By 2100 OM Personal will have been teaching on the Internet for a century. Para el 2100 OM Personal habr estado enseando en Internet durante un siglo.
expresiones usuales del futuro perfecto continuo

By the time you ... - By 2020 ... - By 8:00 am tomorrow ...
Progressive Conditional
What would you be doing? Qu estaras haciendo?
subject + would be + 1 > "ing"

Affirmative I would be going You would be going He would be going She would be going It would be going We would be going You would be going They would be going Negative I would not be going You would not be going He would not be going She would not be going It would not be going We would not be going You would not be going They would not be going Interrogative Would I be going? Would you be going? Would he be going? Would she be going? Would it be going? Would we be going? Would you be going? Would they be going?
subject + would be + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I would be going to New York - Yo estara yendo a New York He would be going to New York - El estara yendo a New York Negative subject + wouldn't (would not) be + 1 > "ing" I wouldn't be going to New York - Yo no estara yendo a New York He wouldn't be going to New York - El no estara yendo a New York Would + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ? Interrogative Would I be going to New York ? - Estara yo yendo a New York? Would he be going to New York ? - Estara l yendo a New York?
usos del condicional continuo

Hechos o situaciones incompletas o contnuas, probablemente como resultado de una condicin irreal.
I would be working in New York by now if I spoke American English. (But I don't speak American English at all, so I am not working in New York). Estara trabajando en Nueva York en estos momentos si hablara ingls Americano. (Pero no hablo ingls Americano, por lo tanto no estoy trabajando en Nueva York). Mabel would be living with Fernando if she wasn't living with her parents. (But Mabel is living with her parents, so she's not living with him). Mabel estara viviendo con Fernando si ella no estuviese viviendo con sus padres. (Pero Mabel est viviendo con sus padres, por lo tanto no est viviendo con l). I wouldn't be eating this horrible cake if I wasn't extremely hungry. (But I'm starvng now, so I'm eating it). No estara comiendo esta espantosa torta si no tuviese tanto apetito. (Pero me estoy muriendo de hambre, por lo tanto la estoy comiendo).
expresiones usuales del condicional continuo

If I had... I would... I wouldn't... if I had...
Progressive Conditional Perfect

What would you have been doing? Qu habras estado haciendo?
subject + would have been + 1 > "ing"

Affirmative
I would have been going You would have been going He would have been going She would have been going It would have been going We would have been going You would have been going They would have been going
Negative
I would not have been going You would not have been going He would not have been going She would not have been going It would not have been going We would not have been going You would not have been going They would not have been going
Interrogative
Would I have been going? Would you have been going? Would he have been going? Would she have been going? Would it have been going? Would we have been going? Would you have been going? Would they have been going?
Affirmative
subject + would have been + 1 > "ing"
I would have been going to New York - Yo habra estado yendo a N.Y. He would have been going to New York - El habra estado yendo a N.Y. subject + wouldn't (would not) have been + 1 > "ing" Negative I wouldn't have been going to New York - No habra estado yendo a N.Y. He wouldn't have been going to New York - El no habra estado yendo a N.Y. Interrogative Would + subject + have been + 1 > "ing" ? Would I have been going to New York? - Habra yo estado yendo a N.Y.? Would he have been going to New York? - Habra l estado yendo a N.Y.?
usos del condicional perfecto continuo

Este tiempo verbal hace referencia al resultado incompleto de la accin de la clusulaif y expresa este resultado como una accin continua o no finalizada.
Tercer Condicional o Condicional Tipo III.

If the weather had been better (but it wasn't), my sister-in-law would have been sitting in the garden when I arrived (but she wasn't and so I didn't see her). Si el tiempo hubiese estado mejor (pero no fue as), mi cuada habra estado sentada en el jardn cuando yo llegu (pero no lo estaba y, por lo tanto, no la v). If the youngsters had known it was dangerous, they would not have been climbing such a mountain. Si los jvenes hubiesen sabido que era peligroso, no habran estado escalando semejante montaa. If I had had more money, I would have been travelling all around Europe with my friends that summer. Si hubiese tenido ms dinero, habra estado recorriendo toda Europa con mis amigos ese verano.
expresiones usuales del condicional perfecto continuo

if I had had ... - if he had known ...
Progressive Modals
What (can/could) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (may/might) you be doing? Qu (puedes/podras) estar haciendo? What (must/should) you be doing? Qu (debes/deberas) estar haciendo?
subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing"

Affirmative I can be going I could be going I may be going I might be going I must be going I should be going
1 go Negative
2 went
3 gone
Interrogative Can I be going? Could I be going? May I be going? Might I be going? Must I be going? Should I be going?
I can't be going I couldn't be going I may not be going I might not be going I mustn't be going I shouldn't be going
subject + modal + be + 1 > "ing" Affirmative I can be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (posib. fsica, conocimiento) I could be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (alternativa) I may be going to New York - Puedo estar yendo a NY (permiso) I might be going to New York - Podra estar yendo a NY (posibilidad) I must be going to New York - Debo estar yendo a NY (obligacin) I should be going to New York - Debera estar yendo a NY (oblig. moral, consejo) Negative subject + modal + not be + 1 > "ing" I can't be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I couldn't be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I may not be going to New York - No puedo estar yendo a NY I might not be going to New York - No podra estar yendo a NY I mustn't be going to New York - No debo estar yendo a NY I shouldn't be going to New York - No debera estar yendo a NY
Interrogative
modal + subject + be + 1 > "ing" ?
Can I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY? Could I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY? May I be going to New York ? - Puedo estar yendo a NY? Might I be going to New York ? - Podra estar yendo a NY? Must I be going to New York ? - Debo estar yendo a NY? Should I be going to New York ? - Debera estar yendo a NY?
Verb TO BE - Present Simple

LA W EB DE TIEMPOS VERBALES EN INGLES PREFERIDA POR LOS HISPANOPARLANTES
Verb "to be"
Verbo "ser - estar" (Presente)
ENLACES UTILES El verbo
1. Algo que, al principio, le resulta difcil de entender a todo estudiante es que, en castellano, el infinitivo de los verbos tiene tres terminaciones: ar (cantar), er (beber) e ir (dormir). Ms adelante observars que los verbos ingleses tienen gran variedad de terminaciones. Por ese motivo -con el nico objetivo de unificacin- a los verbos en ingls se les antepone la preposicin to para indicar que estn "en infinitivo" (ejemplo, to be = ser o estar). 2. En ingls el verbo viene siempre precedido por el pronombre personal (sujeto de la oracin). En castellano no ocurre lo mismo: al comenzar una oracin podemos decir soy, estoy (sujeto tcito o implcito) en reemplazo de yo soy, yo estoy.
POSITIVE
AFIRMATIVO
ESPAOL Normal Yo soy, estoy T eres, ests El es, est Ella es, est Contraccin Soy, Estoy Eres, Ests Es, Est (para El) Es, Est (para Ella)
ENGLISH Normal I am You are He is She is Contracted I'm You're He's She's
It is We are You are They are
It's We're You're They're
El/Ella es, est Nosotros/as somos, estamos Vosotros sis/estis (*) Ustedes son/estn (**) Ellos/as son, estn
Es, Est (para El o Ella) Somos, Estamos Sis/Estis (*) Son/Estn (**) Son, Estn (para Ellos o Ellas)
(*) ms utilizado en Espaa; (**) ms utlizado en Amrica Latina.
INTERROGATIVE
ENGLISH Normal Am I? Are you? Is he? Is she? Is it? Are we? Are you? Are they?
INTERROGATIVO
ESPAOL Normal Soy/Estoy yo? Eres/Ests t? Es/Est l? Es/Est ella? Es/Esta l? Es/Est ella? Somos/Estamos nosotros? Sis/Estis vosotros? (*) Son/Estn ustedes? (**) Son/Estn ellos/as? Contraccin Soy/Estoy? Eres/Ests? Es/Est? (El) Es/Est? (Ella) Es/Est? (El o Ella) Somos/Estamos? Sis/Estis? (*) Son/Estn? (**) Son/Estn? (para Ellos/as)
Contracted -
NEGATIVE
NEGATIVO
ESPAOL Normal Yo no soy/estoy T no eres/ests El no es/est Ella no es/est El/Ella no es/est Nosotros/as no somos Nosotros/as no estamos Contraccin No soy/estoy No eres/ests No es/est (para El) No es/est (para Ella) No es/est (para El o Ella) No somos No estamos
ENGLISH Normal I am not You are not He is not She is not It is not We are not Contracted I'm not You're not You aren't He's not He isn't She's not She isn't It's not It isn't We're not We aren't
You are not They are not
You're not You aren't They're not They aren't
Vosotros no sis/estis (*) Ustedes no son/estn (**) Ellos/as no son/estn
No sis/estis (*) No son/estn (**) No son/estn (para Ellos o Ellas)
Verb TO BE - Past Simple

Verb "to be"
Verbo "ser - estar" (Pasado)
TRATA DE RECORDAR LO SIGUIENTE ... El pasado del verbo to be no tiene formas contractas o reducidas para el afirmativo. Es decir, no puedes decir I's como reduccin de I waso You're en lugar de You were. En cambio, puedes usar contracciones en el negativo: I WASN'T en reemplazo de I was not y YOU WEREN'T en lugar de You were not. IMPORTANTE: I WAS significa tanto YO FUI (del verbo SER, no de IR) como YO ERA lo cual suele confundir a muchos estudiantes hispanohablantes. Observa estos ejemplos: All his life he WAS a teacher. Toda su vida l FUE maestro. << Aqu FUE no deriva del verbo IR (decir: "Toda su vida l ERA maestro" es incorrecto en espaol). My grandfather WAS Italian. Mi abuelo ERA italiano. << Aqui queda mejor usar ERA que FUE. ABAJO TIENES EL VERBO "TO BE" EN PASADO SIMPLE.
POSITIVE AFIRMATIVO Como verbo SER

ENGLISH I was ESPAOL Yo era/fui
Como verbo ESTAR

ENGLISH I was ESPAOL Yo estaba/estuve
You were He was She was It was We were You were
T eras/fuiste Usted era/fue l era/fue Ella era/fue l/Ella era/fue Nosotros ramos Nosotros fuimos Vosotros rais/fuisteis (*) Ustedes eran (**) Ustedes fueron (**) Ellos/as eran/fueron
You were He was She was It was We were You were
T estabas/estuviste Usted estaba/estuvo l estaba/estuvo Ella estaba/estuvo l/Ella estaba/estuvo Nosotros estbamos Nosotros estuvimos Vosotros estbais/estuvisteis (*) Ustedes estaban (**) Ustedes estuvieron (**) Ellos/as estaban/estuvieron
They were
They were
INTERROGATIVE INTERROGATIVO Como verbo SER

ENGLISH Was I? Were you? Was he? Was she? Was it? Were we? Were you? Were they? ESPAOL Era yo? Fui yo? Eras t? Fuiste t? Era usted? Fue usted? Era l? Fue l? Era ella? Fue ella? Era l (ella)? Fue l (ella)? ramos nosotros? Fuimos nosotros? rais/Fuisteis vosotros? (*) Eran/Fueron ustedes? (**) Eran ellos? Fueron ellos?
Como verbo ESTAR
ENGLISH Was I? Were you? Was he? Was she? Was it? Were we? Were you? Were they?
ESPAOL Estaba yo? Estuve yo? Estabas t? Estuviste t? Estaba usted? Estuvo usted? Estaba l? Estuvo l? Estaba ella? Estuvo ella? Estaba l (ella)? Estuvo l (ella)? stbamos nosotros? Estuvimos nosotros? Estbais vosotros? (*) Estaban/Estuvieron ustedes? (**) Estaban ellos? Estuvieron ellos?
NEGATIVE NEGATIVO Como verbo SER o ESTAR
ENGLISH Normal I was not You were not Contracted I wasn't You weren't
ESPAOL Normal Yo no era/no fui Yo no estaba/no estuve T no eras/no fuiste Usted no era/no fue T no estabas/no estuviste Usted no estaba/no estuvo l no era/no fue l no estaba/no estuvo Ella no era/no fue Ella no estaba/no estuvo Contraccin No era/No fui No estaba/No estuve No eras/No fuiste No era/No fue No estabas/No estuviste No estaba/No estuvo No era/No fue No estaba/No estuvo No era/No fue No estaba/No estuvo
He was not She was not It was not We were not
He wasn't She wasn't It wasn't We weren't
l/Ella no era/no fue No era/No fue l/Ella no estaba/no estuvo No estaba/No estuvo Nosotros no ramos Nosotros no fuimos Nosotros no estbamos Nosotros no estuvimos Vosotros no rais (*) Vosotros no fuisteis (*) Ustedes no eran (**) Ustedes no fueron (**) Vosotros no estbais (*) Vosotros no estuvisteis (*) Ustedes no estaban (**) Ustedes no estuvieron (**) Ellos/as no eran/no fueron Ellos/as no estaban /no estuvieron No ramos No fuimos No estbamos No estuvimos No rais (*) No fuisteis (*) No eran (**) No fueron (**) No estbais (*) No estuvisteis (*) No estaban (**) No estuvieron (**) No eran/no fueron No estaban /no estuvieron
You were not
You weren't
They were not
They weren't
The Four Conditionals


Many visitors and subscribers ask us: I was told there are three or four conditionals in English, but I suppose I know just one. It is true, there exist
THREE different types of conditional sentences in English. Let's study them here... Muchos visitantes y suscriptores nos consultan: Me dijeron que hay tres o cuatro tipos de condicionales pero creo saber slo uno. Es cierto, bsicamente existen CUATRO tipos de condicionales en ingls que analizamos aqu...
conditional type 0 >> ZERO CONDITIONAL

IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE PRESENT Used for scientific facts or general truths (usado para expresar verdades cientficas, hechos que nunca cambian o situaciones que siempre ocurren). Algunos gramticos incluyen este tipo de condicional dentro de FIRST CONDITIONAL oConditional Type I. If you heat butter, it melts. Si calientas manteca, sta se derrite. If you put water in a cooler, it freezes. Si colocas agua en el congelador, sta se congela. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. Si calientas agua a 100 grados, sta hierve. If you cross an international date line, the time changes. Si cruzas una lnea de tiempo internacional, la hora cambia. If you drop ice in water, it floats. Si tiras hielo al agua, ste flota. If iron gets wet, it rusts. Si el hierro se moja, se oxida.
conditional type I >> FIRST CONDITIONAL

Used to talk about things which are possible in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which may happen (utilizado para cosas que pueden ocurrir en presente o futuro). a) IF + SIMPLE PRESENT + SIMPLE FUTURE If you study hard, you will pass your exams. Si estudias intensamente aprobars tus exmenes. If we do not protect the panda bears, they will soon become extinct. Si no protegemos a los osos panda, pronto se extinguirn. b) IMPERATIVE + OR / AND + SIMPLE FUTURE
Used for threats and promises (usado para expresar amenazas y promesas)
Don't say a word about this, or I will kill you. No cuentes una palabra de esto o te mato. Finish your job, and you will have a bonus. Termina tu tarea y tendrs una gratificacin.
c) IMPERATIVO + IF / IN CASE + SIMPLE PRESENT Contact me if you need any help. Ponte en contacto conmigo si necesitas ayuda. Call them in case you need help. Llmalos en caso de necesitar ayuda.
NOTE: In cases b and d above, you can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que)
conditional type II >> SECOND CONDITIONAL

Used to talk about things which are unreal (not true or not possible) in the present or the future. It is generally used for things which don't or won't happen.It is generally used for things which may happen (utilizado en presente o futuro para expresar situaciones hipotticas, que normalmente son irreales o imposibles). IF + SIMPLE PAST + SIMPLE CONDITIONAL
If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. (Si el PRIMER verbo de la oracin es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas)
If I were rich, I would buy a castle. Si fuera rico, comprara un castillo. If I were him, I would go and see a doctor. Si fuera l -en su lugar- consultara con un mdico. If elephants had wings, they would be able to fly. Si los elefantes tuvieran alas, podran volar.
NOTE: You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above.
conditional type III >> THIRD CONDITIONAL

Used to talk about unreal situations in the past, that is, things which did not happen in the past. (utilizado para expresar situaciones irreales que nunca sucedieron en el pasado y, en general, dentro de un contexto de crtica, queja o remordimiento). En espaol tienes una construccin similar por lo cual este condicional no debera resultar complicado. IF + PAST PERFECT + CONDITIONAL PERFECT
If FIRST verb in the sentence is TO BE, WERE is used for all persons. (Si el PRIMER verbo de la oracin es TO BE, se usa WERE para todas las personas)
If I had known that you were sick, I would have gone to see you. Si hubiese sabido que estabas enfermo, te habra ido a ver.
The real situation was that I didn't know you were sick. So I say If I had known... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF.
If you had saved your money, you could have bought a laptop. Si hubieses ahorrado tu dinero, podras haberte comprado una computadora.
The real situation was that you didn't save your money. So they say If you had saved... When you
are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF.
If you hadn't been late for work so often, they wouldn't have fired you. Si no hubieses llegado tarde al trabajo tan seguido, no te habran despedido.
The real situation was that you wasn't early for work. So they say If you hadn't been late... When you are talking about the past, you use the Past Perfect (I had known) after IF. NOTE: You can replace IF (si) by UNLESS (a menos que) in the examples above.
50 Regular Verbs
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... A nuestro favor, la mayora de los verbos ingleses son 'regulares'. Esto significa que podemos confiar en las formas que adoptan porque siguen un patrn predecible. Aquellos verbos que no siguen las reglas bsicas se llaman 'irregulares' y puedes consultarlos pulsando aqu. La mayora de los verbos de esta lista agregan "-d" o "-ed" al infinitivo. Los verbos resaltados en esta lista duplican su consonante final (admit - admitted) o cambian "-y" por "-ied", cuando la "y"est precedida por una consonante (bury - buried).
A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
accept (acpt) add (ad) admire (admiar) admit (admt) advise (advis) afford (afrd) agree (agr:) alert (alrt) allow (alu) amuse (amis)
accepted (acptid) added (did) admired (admiard) admitted (admtid) advised (advist) afforded (afrdit) agreed (agr:d) alerted (alrtid) allowed (alud) amused (amist)
accepted (acptid) added (did) admired (admiard) admitted (admtid) advised (advist) afforded (afrdit) agreed (agr:d) alerted (alrtid) allowed (alud) amused (amist)
aceptar agregar admirar admitir aconsejar afrontar estar de acuerdo alertar permitir entretener
analyse (nalais) announce (anuns) annoy (ani) answer (nsuer)
analysed (nalaist) announced (anunst) annoyed (anid) answered (nsuerd)
analysed (nalaist) announced (anunst) annoyed (anid) answered (nsuerd)
analizar anunciar molestar contestar pedir disculpas, disculparse aparecer
apologise(aplodchais) apologised(aplodchaist) apologised(aplodchaist) appear (apar) appeared (apard) appeared (apard)
applaud (apld) appreciate (aprshieit) approve (aprv) argue (:rguiu) arrange (arrindch) arrest (arrst) arrive (arriv) ask (ask) attach (atch) attack (atck) attempt (atmpt) attend (atnd) attract (atrct) avoid (avid)
applauded (apldid)
applauded (apldid)
aplaudir
appreciated(aprshieitid) appreciated(aprshieitid) apreciar
approved (aprvt) argued (:rguiut) arranged (arrindcht) arrested (arrstid) arrived (arrivd) asked (askt) attached (atcht) attacked (atckt) attempted (atmptid) attended (atndid) attracted (atrctid) avoided (avidid)
approved (aprvt) argued (:rguiut) arranged (arrindcht) arrested (arrstid) arrived (arrivd) asked (ask) attached (atcht) attacked (atckt) attempted (atmptid) attended (atndid) attracted (atrctid) avoided (avidid)
aprobar discutir arreglar arrestar llegar preguntar adjuntar atacar intentar asistir atraer evitar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
back (bak) bake (bik) balance (blans) ban (ban) bathe (bid) beg (beg) behave (bijiv) belong (bilng) bless (bles) blind (blind) blink (blink) blush (blash)
backed (bakt) baked (bikt) balanced (blanst) banned (bnd) bathed (bidid) begged (bgd) behaved (bijivd) belonged (bilngd) blessed (blest) blinded (blindid) blinked (blinkt) blushed (blasht)
backed (bakt) baked (bikt) balanced (blanst) banned (bnd) bathed (bidid) begged (bgd) behaved (bijivd) belonged (bilngd) blessed (blest) blinded (blindid) blinked (blinkt) blushed (blasht)
apoyar hornear balancear prohibir baarse rogar comportarse pertenecer bendecir enceguecer parpadear enrojecer
boil (bil) book (buk) bore (bor) borrow (brrou) bounce (buns)
boiled (bild) booked (bukt) bored (bord) borrowed (brroud) bounced (bunst)
boiled (bild) booked (bukt) bored (bord) borrowed (brroud) bounced (bunst)
hervir reservar aburrir pedir prestado rebotar
brake (brik) breathe (brid) brush (brash) burn (bern) bury (bri)
braked (brikt) breathed (brdid) brushed (brasht) burned (bernd) buried (brid)
braked (brikt) breathed (brdid) brushed (brasht) burned (bernd) buried (brid)
frenar respirar cepillar quemar enterrar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
call (kol) calculate (klkiuleit) camp (kamp) care (ker) cause (koz) challenge (chlindz) change (chindz) charge (chrdz)
called (kold) calculated (klkiuleirid) camped (kampt) cared (kerd) caused (kozd)
called (kold) calculated (klkiuleirid) camped (kampt) cared (kerd) caused (kozd)
llamar calcular acampar cuidar causar
challenged (chlindzd) challenged (chlindzd) desafiar changed (chindzd) charged (chrdzd) changed (chindzd) charged (chrdzd) cambiar cargar
chase (chis) cheat (chit) check (chek) cheer (chir) chew (chu) claim (klim) clap (klp) clean (klin) clear (klar) close (klus) collect (kolkt) comb (kom) compare (kompr) compete (kompt) complain (komplin) complete (komplt)
chased (chist) cheated (chtid) checked (chekt) cheered (chird) chewed (chud) claimed (klimd) clapped (klpt) cleaned (klind) cleared (klard) closed (klusd) collected (kolktid) combed (komd) compared (komprd) competed (komptid)
chased (chist) cheated (chtid) checked (chekt) cheered (chird) chewed (chud) claimed (klimd) clapped (klpt) cleaned (klind) cleared (klard) closed (klusd) collected (kolktid) combed (komd) compared (komprd) competed (komptid)
cazar engaar verificar alegrar mascar reclamar aplaudir limpiar aclarar cerrar cobrar, coleccionar peinar comparar competir
complained (komplind) complained (komplind) quejarse
completed (kompltid)
completed (kompltid)
completar
concentrate (knsentreit) concern (konsrn) confess (konfs) confuse (konfis) connect (konkt) consider (konsder) consist (konsst)
concentrated (knsentreired)
concentrated(knsentreired) concentrarse
concerned (konsrnd) concerned (konsrnd) confessed (konfst) confused (konfist) connected (konktid) considered (konsderd) consisted (konsstid) confessed (konfst) confused (konfist) connected (konktid) considered (konsderd) consisted (konsstid)
concernir confesar confundir conectar considerar consistir
contain (kontin) continue (kontniu) cook (ku:k) copy (kpi) correct (korrkt) cough (kof) count (kaunt) cover (kver) crack (krak) crash (krash) crawl (krol) cross (kros) crush (krash) cry (kri) cure (kir) curl (kerl) curve (kerb) cycle (sikl)
contained (kontind) continued (kontniud) cook (ku:kt) copied (kpid) corrected (korrktid) coughed (koft) counted (kunid) covered (kverd) cracked (krakt) crashed (krasht) crawled (krold) crossed (krost) crushed (krasht) cried (krid) cured (kird) curled (kerld) curved (kerbd) cycled (sikld)
contained (kontind) continued (kontniud) cook (ku:kt) copied (kpid) corrected (korrktid) coughed (koft) counted (kunid) covered (kverd) cracked (krakt) crashed (krasht) crawled (krold) crossed (krost) crushed (krasht) cried (krid) cured (kird) curled (kerld) curved (kerbd) cycled (sikld)
contener continuar cocinar copiar corregir toser contar cubrir rajar embestir arrastrarse cruzar aplastar gritar, llorar curar enrular curvar pasear en bicicleta
450 Regular Verbs

NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... A nuestro favor, la mayora de los verbos ingleses son 'regulares'. Esto significa que podemos confiar en las formas que adoptan porque siguen un patrn predecible. Aquellos verbos que no siguen las reglas bsicas se llaman 'irregulares' y puedes consultarlos pulsando aqu.
La mayora de los verbos de esta lista agregan "-d" o "-ed" al infinitivo. Los verbos resaltados en esta lista duplican su consonante final (admit - admitted) o cambian "-y" por "-ied", cuando la "y"est precedida por una consonante (bury - buried).
A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
damage (dmidz) dance (dans) deceive (disv) decide (disid) decorate (dkoreit) delay (dili) delete (dil:t) delight (dilit) deliver (delver) depend (dipnd) describe (diskrib) deserve (disrv) destroy (distri) detect (ditkt)
damaged (dmidzd) danced (danst) deceived (disvd) decided (disidid) decorated (dkoreirid) delayed (dilid) deleted (dil:tid) delighted (dilirid) delivered (delverd) depended (dipnid) described (diskribd) deserved (disrvd) destroyed (distrid) detected (ditktid)
damaged (dmidzd) danced (danst) deceived (disvd) decided (disidid) decorated (dkoreirid) delayed (dilid) deleted (dil:tid) delighted (dilirid) delivered (delverd) depended (dipnid) described (diskribd) deserved (disrvd) destroyed (distrid) detected (ditktid)
daar bailar engaar decidir decorar demorar suprimir, eliminar, borrar deleitar repartir depender describir merecer destruir detectar
develop (divlop) disagree (disagr) disappear (disapar) discover (diskver) dislike (dislik)
developed (divlopt) disagreed (disagrd) disappeared (disapard) discovered (diskverd) disliked (dislikt)
developed (divlopt) disagreed (disagrd) disappeared (disapard) discovered (diskverd) disliked (dislikt)
desarrollar no estar de acuerdo desaparecer
descubrir
disgustar
divide (divid) double (dbl) doubt (dut) dream (drim) dress (dres) drop (drop) drown (drun) dry (dri) dust (dst)
divided (dividid) doubled (dbld) doubted (durid) dreamed (drimd) dressed (drest) dropped (drpt) drowned (drund) dried (drid) dusted (dstid)
divided (dividid) doubled (dbld) doubted (durid) dreamed (drimd) dressed (drest) dropped (drpt) drowned (drund) dried (drid) dusted (dstid)
dividir duplicar dudar soar vestir dejar caer, caerse ahogar secar limpiar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
earn (ern) educate (dzukeit) embarrass (imbras) employ (impli) empty (mpti)
earned (ernd) educated (dzukeirid) embarrassed (imbrast) employed (implid) emptied (mptid)
earned (ernd) educated (dzukeirid) embarrassed (imbrast) employed (implid) emptied (mptid)
ganar educar avergonzar
emplear vaciar
encourage (inkridz) end (end) enjoy (indzi) enter (ner) entertain (enertin) escape (iskip)
encouraged (inkridzd) ended (ndid) enjoyed (indzid) entered (nerd) entertained (enertind) escaped (iskipt)
encouraged (inkridzd) ended (ndid) enjoyed (indzid) entered (nerd) entertained (enertind) escaped (iskipt)
alentar
finalizar disfrutar ingresar entretener
huir
examine (igzmin) excite (iksit) excuse (ikskiz) exercise (ksersaiz) exist (igzst) expand (ikspnd) expect (ikspkt) explain (iksplin) explode (iksplud) extend (ikstnd)
examined (igzmind) excited (iksirid) excused (ikskizd) exercised (ksersaizd) existed (igzstid) expanded (ikspndid) expected (ikspktid) explained (iksplind) exploded (ikspludid) extended (ikstndid)
examined (igzmind) excited (iksirid) excused (ikskizd) exercised (ksersaizd) existed (igzstid) expanded (ikspndid) expected (ikspktid) explained (iksplind) exploded (ikspludid) extended (ikstndid)
examinar excitar excusarse ejercitar
existir expandir esperar explicar explotar extender
50 Regular Verbs
NOVEDAD: LANZAMIENTO DEL OM LISTENING AUDIO CD. Pulsa aqu... A nuestro favor, la mayora de los verbos ingleses son 'regulares'. Esto significa que podemos confiar en las formas que adoptan porque siguen un patrn predecible. Aquellos verbos que no siguen las reglas bsicas se llaman 'irregulares' y puedes consultarlos pulsando aqu. La mayora de los verbos de esta lista agregan "-d" o "-ed" al infinitivo. Los verbos resaltados en
esta lista duplican su consonante final (admit - admitted) o cambian "-y" por "-ied", cuando la "y"est precedida por una consonante (bury - buried).
A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
face (fis) fade (fid) fail (fil) fancy (fnsi) fasten (fsen) fax (faks) fear (far) fetch (fech) file (fil) fill (fil) film (film) finish (fnish) fire (fier) fit (fit) fix (fiks) flash (flash)
faced (fist) faded (fidid) failed (fild) fancied (fnsid) fastened (fsend) faxed (fakst) feared (fard) fetched (fecht) filed (fild) filled (fild) filmed (filmd) finished (fnisht) fired (fierd) fitted (ftid) fixed (fikst) flashed (flasht)
faced (fist) faded (fidid) failed (fild) fancied (fnsid) fastened (fsend) faxed (kakst) feared (fard) fetched (fecht) filed (fild) filled (fild) filmed (filmd) finished (fnisht) fired (fierd) fitted (ftid) fixed (fikst) flashed (flasht)
enfrentar decolorarse fracasar imaginar, desear atar enviar un fax temer ir a buscar archivar llenar filmar terminar disparar, despedir caber, encajar reparar brillar, centellear
float (flut) flood (flad) flow (flu) flower (fluer) fold (fuld) follow (flou)
floated (flurid) flooded (fldid) flowed (flud) flowered (fluerd) folded (fuldid) followed (floud)
floated (flurid) flooded (fldid) flowed (flud) flowered (fluerd) folded (fuldid) followed (floud)
flotar inundarse fluir, circular florecer doblar seguir, continuar
fool (ful) force (fors) form (form) found (fund) frame (frim) frighten (friren) fry (fri)
fooled (fuld) forced (forst) formed (formd) founded (fundid) framed (frimd) frightened (frirend) fried (frid)
fooled (fuld) forced (forst) formed (formd) founded (fundid) framed (frimd) frightened (frirend) fried (frid)
engaar forzar formar fundar enmarcar asustar frer
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
gather (gder) greet (grit) graduate (grdueit) grease (gris) groan (grun) guess (ges) guide (gid)
gathered (gderd) greeted (grrid) graduated (grdueirid) greased (grist) groaned (grund) guessed (gest) guided (gidid)
gathered (gderd) greeted (grrid) graduated (grdueirid) greased (grist) groaned (grund) guessed (gest) guided (gidid)
recoger saludar graduarse engrasar gruir adivinar guiar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
hammer (jmer) hand (jand) hang (jang) happen (jpen) harm (jrm) hate (jit) head (jd) heat (jit) help (jelp) hunt (jant) hope (jup) hug (jg) hurry (jri)
hammered (jmerd) handed (jndid) hanged (jangd) happened (jpend) harmed (jrmd) hated (jirid) headed (jdid) heated (jrid) helped (jelpt) hunted (jnid) hoped (jupt) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid)
hammered (jmerd) handed (jndid) hanged (jangd) happened (jpend) harmed (jrmd) hated (jirid) headed (jdid) heated (jrid) helped (jelpt) hunted (jnid) hoped (jupt) hugged (jgd) hurried (jrid)
martillar pasar, entregar colgar, ahorcar suceder daar odiar encabezar calentar ayudar cazar, ir de caza esperar con ansiedad abrazar apurarse
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
identify (aidntifai) ignore (ignr) imagine (imdzin) impress (imprs) improve (imprv) include (inkld) increase (inkrs) influence (nfluens) inform (infrm) inject (indzkt)
identified (aidntifaid) ignored (ignrd) imagined (imdzind) impressed (imprst) improved (imprvd) included (inkldid) increased (inkrst) influenced (nfluenst) informed (infrmd) injected (indzkrid)
identified (aidntifaid) ignored (ignrd) imagined (imdzind) impressed (imprst) improved (imprvd) included (inkldid) increased (inkrst) influenced (nfluenst) informed (infrmd) injected (indzkrid)
identificar ignorar imaginar impresionar mejorar incluir aumentar influenciar informar inyectar
injure (ndzur) introduce (introdis) instruct (instrkt) intend (intnd)
injured (ndzurd) introduced (introdist) instructed (instrkrid) intended (intndid)
injured (ndzurd) introduced (introdist) instructed (instrkrid) intended (intndid)
herir, lesionar presentar instruir intentar
interest (ntrest) interfere (interfr) interrupt (interpt) invent (invnt) invite (invit) irritate (riteit)
interested (ntrestid) interfered (interfrd)
interested (ntrestid) interfered (interfrd)
interesar interferir
interrupted (interptid) interrupted (interptid) interrumpir invented (invnid) invited (invirid) irritated (riteirid) invented (invnid) invited (invirid) irritated (riteirid) inventar invitar irritar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
jail (dzil) join (dzin) joke (dzuk) judge (dzadz) jump (dzamp)
jailed (dzild) joined (dzind) joked (dzukt) judged (dzadzd) jumped (dzampt)
jailed (dzild) joined (dzind) joked (dzukt) judged (dzadzd) jumped (dzampt)
encarcelar unir, juntar bromear juzgar saltar
50 Regular Verbs
A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
2
killed (kilt)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
kick (kik) kill (kil) kiss (kis) kneel (nil) knit (nit) knock (nok) knot (not)
kicked (kikt)
kicked (kikt) killed (kilt) kissed (kist) kneeled (nild) USA knitted (ntid) knocked (nokt) knotted (ntid)
patear matar besar arrodillarse tejer golpear anudar
kissed (kist) kneeled (nild) USA knitted (nltid) knocked (nokt) knotted (ntid)
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
label (libl) land (land) last (last) laugh (laf) launch (lonch) level (lvel) lick (lik) lighten (litn) like (lik)
labelled (libld) landed (lndid) lasted (lstid) laughed (laft) launched (loncht) levelled (lveld) licked (likt) lightened (litnd) liked (likt)
labelled (libld) landed (lndid) lasted (lstid) laughed (laft) launched (loncht) levelled (lveld) licked (likt) lightened (litnd) liked (likt)
etiquetar aterrizar durar rerse lanzar nivelar lamer iluminar, alivianar gustar
list (list) listen (lsen) live (liv) load (lud) lock (lok) long (long) look (luk) love (lav)
listed (lstid) listened (lsend) lived (livd) loaded (ludid) locked (lokt) longed (longd) looked (lukt) loved (lavd)
listed (lstid) listened (lsend) lived (livd) loaded (ludid) locked (lokt) longed (longd) looked (lukt) loved (lavd)
listar escuchar vivir cargar cerrar con llave durar mirar amar
50 Regular Verbs
A nuestro favor, la mayora de los verbos ingleses son 'regulares'. Esto significa que podemos confiar en las formas que adoptan porque siguen un patrn predecible. Aquellos verbos que no siguen las reglas bsicas se llaman 'irregulares' y puedes consultarlos pulsando aqu. La mayora de los verbos de esta lista agregan "-d" o "-ed" al infinitivo. Los verbos resaltados en esta lista duplican su consonante final (admit - admitted) o cambian "-y" por "-ied", cuando la "y"est precedida por una consonante (bury - buried).
A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
manage (mnidz) march (march) mark (mark) marry (mri) match (mach) measure (mshar) melt (melt) memorise (mmoraiz)
managed (mnidzd) marched (marcht) marked (markt) married (mrid) matched (macht) measured (mshard) melted (mltid) memorised (mmoraizd)
managed (mnidzd) marched (marcht) marked (markt) married (mrid) matched (macht) measured (mshard) melted (mltid) memorised (mmoraizd)
administrar marchar marcar casarse hacer juego medir derretirse memorizar
mend (mend) milk (milk) miss (mis) mix (miks) move (muv) multiply (mltplai) murder (mrder)
mended (mndid) milked (milkt) missed (mist) mixed (mikst) moved (muvd)
mended (mndid) milked (milkt) missed (mist) mixed (mikst) moved (muvd)
remendar ordear perder, extraar mezclar mover, mudarse
multiplied (mlt-plid) multiplied (mlt-plid) multiplicar murdered (mrderd) murdered (mrderd) asesinar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
nail (nil) name (nim) need (nid) note (nut) notice (nuris) number (nmber)
nailed (nild) named (nimd) needed (ndid) noted (nurid) noticed (nurist) numbered (nmberd)
nailed (nild) named (nimd) needed (ndid) noted (nurid) noticed (nurist) numbered (nmberd)
clavar nombrar necesitar advertir, fijarse en prestar atencin numerar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
ESPAOL
obedecer objetar observar obtener ofender ofrecer abrir ordenar, pedir
obey (obi) object (obdzkt) observe (obsrv) obtain (obtin) offend (ofnd) offer (fer) open (upen) order (rder) overflow (ouverflu) owe (u)
obeyed (obid) objected (obdzktid) observed (obsrvd) obtained (obtind) offended (ofndid) offered (ferd) opened (upend) ordered (rderd)
obeyed (obid) objected (obdzktid) observed (obsrvd) obtained (obtind) offended (ofndid) offered (ferd) opened (upend) ordered (rderd)
overflowed(ouverflud) overflowed(ouverflud) inundar owed (ud) owed (ud) adeudar
50 Regular Verbs
A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
pack (pak) paint (pint) park (park)
packed (pakt) painted (pinid) parked (parkt)
packed (pakt) painted (pinid) parked (parkt)
empacar pintar estacionar
pass (pas) paste (pist) pat (pat) pause (poz) pedal (pdal) peel (pil) peep (pip) perform (perfrm) phone (fun) pick (pik) plan (plan) plant (plant) place (plis) play (pli)
passed (past) pasted (pistid) patted (prid) paused (pozd) pedalled (pdald) peeled (pild) peeped (pipt) performed (perfrmd) phoned (fund) picked (pikt) planned (pland) planted (plnid) placed (plist) played (plid)
passed (past) pasted (pistid) patted (prid) paused (pozd) pedalled (pdald) peeled (pild) peeped (pipt) performed (perfrmd) phoned (fund) picked (pikt) planned (pland) planted (plnid) placed (plist) played (plid)
pasar, aprobar pegar acariciar detenerse pedalear pelar echar una ojeada ejecutar llamar por telfono recoger, levantar planear, planificar plantar ubicar tocar un instrumento, jugar complacer
please (pliz)
pleased (plizd)
pleased (plizd)
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
ESPAOL
hacer cola
queue (ki)
queued (kid)
queued (kid)
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
rain (rin) raise (riz) reach (rich) realise (ralaiz) receive (risv) recognise (rkognaiz) record (rikrd) reduce (ridis) reflect (riflkt) refuse (rifiz) regret (rigrt)
rained (rind) raised (rizd) reached (richt) realised (ralaizd) received (risvd) recognised(rkognaizd)
rained (rind) raised (rizd) reached (richt) realised (ralaizd) received (risvd) recognised(rkognaizd)
llover levantar alcanzar darse cuenta recibir reconocer
recorded (rikrdid) reduced (ridist) reflected (riflktid) refused (rifizd) regretted (rigrtid)
recorded (rikrdid) reduced (ridist) reflected (riflktid) refused (rifizd) regretted (rigrtid)
grabar reducir reflejar rechazar lamentarse
relax (rilks) release (rils) rely (reli) remain (rimin) remember (rimmber)
relaxed (rilkst) released (rilst) relied (relid) remained (rimind) remembered (rimmberd)
relaxed (rilkst) released (rilst) relied (relid) remained (rimind) remembered (rimmberd)
relajarse soltar confiar permanecer recordar
remind (rimind) remove (rimv) rent (rent) repair (ripr) repeat (ript) replace (riplis) reply (repli) report (riprt) reproduce (riprodis) request (rikust) rescue (rskiu) retire (ritir) return (ritrn) rhyme (rim) rinse (rins) risk (risk) rob (rb) row (ru) rub (rab)
reminded (rimindid) removed (rimvd) rent (rnid) repaired (riprd) repeated (riprid) replaced (riplist) replied (repldt) reported (riprid) reproduced (riprodist) requested (rikustid) rescued (rskiud) retired (ritird) returned (ritrnd) rhymed (rimd) rinsed (rinst) risked (riskt) robbed (rbd) rowed (rud) rubbed (rbd)
reminded (rimindid) removed (rimvd) rent (rnid) repaired (riprd) repeated (riprid) replaced (riplist) replied (repldt) reported (riprid) reproduced (riprodist) requested (rikustid) rescued (rskiud) retired (ritird) returned (ritrnd) rhymed (rimd) rinsed (rinst) risked (riskt) robbed (rbd) rowed (rud) rubbed (rbd)
acordarse de eliminar alquilar reparar repetir reemplazar responder informar reproducir
solicitar rescatar jubilarse regresar rimar enjuagar arriesgar robar remar frotar
ruin (rin) rule (rul)
ruined (rind) ruled (ruld)
ruined (rind) ruled (ruld)
arruinar regir, dominar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
sack (sak) sail (sil) satisfy (satisfi) save (siv) scream (skrim) screw (skru) seal (sil) search (serch) separate (spareit) serve (serv) settle (setl) share (sher)
sacked (sakt) sailed (sild) satisfied (satisfid) saved (sivd) screamed (skrimd) screwed (skrud) sealed (sild) searched (sercht) separated (spareirid) served (servd) settled (setld) shared (sherd)
sacked (sakt) sailed (sild) satisfied (satisfid) saved (sivd) screamed (skrimd) screwed (skrud) sealed (sild) searched (sercht) separated (spareirid) served (servd) settled (setld) shared (sherd)
despedir navegar satisfacer salvar, ahorrar, guardar gritar atornillar sellar buscar separar servir establecer compartir
shave (shiv) shelter (shlter) shop (shop) sigh (si) sign (sin) signal (sgnal) sin (sn) ski (ski) skip (skp) slip (slp) slow (slu) smell (smel) smile (smil)
shaved (shivd) sheltered (shlterd) shopped (shpt) sighed (sid) signed (sind) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skied (skid) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) slowed (slud) smelled (smeld) smiled (smild)
shaved (shivd) sheltered (shlterd) shopped (shpt) sighed (sid) signed (sind) signalled (sgnald) sinned (snd) skied (skid) skipped (skpt) slipped (slpt) slowed (slud) smelled (smeld) smiled (smild)
afeitarse proteger, resguardar comprar suspirar firmar hacer seales pecar esquiar saltearse deslizarse disminuir la velocidad oler sonrer
smoke (smuk) sneeze (sniz) snore (snor) snow (snu) soak (suk) sound (sund) spell (spel) spill (spil) spoil (spil) spray (spri) start (start) stay (sti) stop (stop)
smoked (smukt) sneezed (snizd) snored (snord) snowed (snud) soaked (sukt) sounded (sundid) spelled (speld) spilled (spild) spoiled (spild) sprayed (sprid) started (strid) stayed (stid) stopped (stpt)
smoked (smukt) sneezed (snizd) snored (snord) snowed (snud) soaked (sukt) sounded (sundid) spelled (speld) spilled (spild) spoiled (spild) sprayed (sprid) started (strid) stayed (stid) stopped (stpt)
fumar estornudar roncar nevar empapar sonar deletrear derramar malcriar vaporizar arrancar, comenzar quedarse, permanecer pararse, detenerse
store (stor) stretch (strech) succeed (saksd) suffer (sfer) suggest (sadzst) supply (sapli) support (saprt) suppose (supus) surprise (supriz) surround (surund) suspect (saspkt) suspend (saspnd) switch (such)
stored (stord) stretched (strecht) succeeded (saksdid) suffered (sferd) suggested (sadzstid) supplied (saplid) supported (saprid) supposed (supust) surprised (suprizd)
stored (stord) stretched (strecht) succeeded (saksdid) suffered (sferd) suggested (sadzstid) supplied (saplid) supported (saprid) supposed (supust) surprised (suprizd)
almacenar estirar tener xito sufrir sugerir proveer apoyar suponer sorprender
surrounded (surunid) surrounded (surunid) rodear suspected (saspktid) suspended (saspnid) switched (sucht) suspected (saspktid) suspended (saspnid) switched (sucht) sospechar colgar cambiar, enchufar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
talk (tok)
talked (tokt)
talked (tokt)
conversar
taste (tist) tease (tiz)
tasted (tsitid) teased (tizd)
tasted (tistid) teased (tizd)
saborear tomar el pelo, atormentar
telephone (tlefoun) tempt (tempt) terrify (trrifai) test (test) thank (senk) tick (tik) tidy (tidi) tie (ti) tip (tp) touch (tach)
telephoned (tlefound) telephoned (tlefound) llamar por telfono tempted (tmptid) terrified (trri-fid) tested (tstid) thanked (senkt) ticked (tikt) tidied (tidid) tied (tid) tipped (tpt) touched (tacht) tempted (tmptid) terrified (trri-fid) tested (tstid) thanked (senkt) ticked (tikt) tidied (tidid) tied (tid) tipped (tpt) touched (tacht) tentar aterrorizar comprobar agradecer tildar, marcar ordenar atar dar propina tocar
tow (tu) trade (trid) train (trin) transport (transprt) travel (trvel) tremble (trembl) trust (trast) try (tri) turn (tern) twist (tust) type (tip)
towed (tud) traded (tridid) trained (trind) transported (transprid) travelled (trveld) trembled (trembld) trusted (trstid) tried (trid) turned (ternd) twisted (tustid) typed (tipt)
towed (tud) traded (tridid) trained (trind) transported (transprid) travelled (trveld) trembled (trembld) trusted (trstid) tried (trid) turned (ternd) twisted (tustid) typed (tipt)
remolcar comerciar, negociar entrenar transportar
viajar temblar confiar tratar, intentar volver, dar vuelta doblar escribir a mquina
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
2
used (izd)
PAST
PARTICIPLE
usar
use (iz)
used (izd)
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
vanish (vnish)
vanished (vnisht)
vanished (vnisht)
desaparecer
visit (vsit)
visited (vsirid)
visited (vsirid)
visitar
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
wait (wit) walk (wok) want (wont) warn (worn) wash (wosh) waste (wist) watch (woch) weigh (wi)
waited (wirid) walked (wokt) wanted (wnid) warned (wornd) washed (wosht) wasted (wistid) watched (wocht) weighed (wirid)
waited (wirid) walked (wokt) wanted (wnid) warned (wornd) washed (wosht) wasted (wistid) watched (wocht) weighed (wirid)
esperar caminar querer advertir lavar gastar, desperdiciar vigilar pesar
welcome (wlkam)
welcomed (wlkamd)
welcomed (wlkamd)
agradecer, recibir, dar la bienvenida, susurrar silbar limpiar, secar
whisper (wsper) whistle (wisl) wipe (wip)
whispered (wsperd) whistle (wisld) wiped (wipt)
whispered (wsperd) whistle (wisld) wiped (wipt)
wish (wish) wonder (wnder) work (werk) worry (uri)
wished (wisht) wondered (wnderd) worked (werkt) worried (urid)
wished (wisht) wondered (wnderd) worked (werkt) worried (urid)
desear imaginarse, preguntarse trabajar preocuparse
450 Regular Verbs

A B C D E
F G H
K L M N O P Q R S
T U V W Y ESPAOL
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
yawn (in) yell (il) zoom (zum)
yawned (ind) yelled (ild) zoomed (zumd)
yawned (ind) yelled (ild) zoomed (zumd)
bostezar gritar pasar muy rpido, acercar

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Presente Simple Interrogativo Para construir preguntas en el presente simple necesitamos utilizar el verbo "DO".

Pasado continuo I was + -ing

Pas perf simple I had + participle *

Pret. Pluscuamperfecto Haba cantado

Pas perf continuo I had been + -ing

Pret. Pluscuamperfecto Haba estado cantando

escapar, huir arrojar, lanzar volar olvidar helar, congelar

get (gut) give (guv) go (gu) grind (grind) grow (gru)

obtener, conseguir dar ir moler cultivar, crecer

hang (jng) have (jev) [have/has] hear (jar) hide (jid)

hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hid (jid)

hung (jng) had (jad) heard (jerd) hidden (jdn)

colgar tener, haber or ocultar, esconder

hit (jit) hold (juld)

hit (jit) held (jeld)

hit (jit) held (jeld)

golpear sostener, soportar

keep (k:p) kneel (n:l) know (nu)

kept (kept) knelt (nelt) knew (ni)

kept (kept) knelt (nelt) known (nun)

guardar, conservar arrodillarse saber, conocer

guiar, conducir prestar aprender irse, dejar, partir perder

make (mik) mean (m:n) meet (m:t)

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)

made (mid) meant (ment) met (met)

hacer, fabricar significar encontrarse con

pay (pi) put (put)

paid (ped) put (put)

paid (ped) put (put)

pagar poner, colocar

read (rid) ride (rid) ring (ring) run (ran)

read (red) rode (rud) rang (reng) ran (ren)

read (red) ridden (rdn) rung (rang) run (ran)

leer cabalgar sonar correr

say (si) see (s:)

said (sed) saw (s:)

said (sed) seen (sin)

esforzarse jurar, maldecir barrer hinchar/se nadar

take (tik) teach (tch) tear (ta:) tell (tel)

took (tul) taught (tot) tore (tor) told (told)

taken (tikn) taught (tot) torn (torn) told (told)

tomar, llevar ensear rasgar, arrancar decir, contar

think (zink) thrive (zriv) throw (zru) tread (tred)

thought (zot) throve (zruv) threw (zru) trod (trod)

thought (zot) thriven (zrvn) thrown (zrun) trodden (trden)

pensar, creer crecer, prosperar tirar, arrojar pisar, aplastar

understand (anderstnd) undertake (andertik) undo (and)

understood (anderstd) undertook (andertk) undid (andd)

understood (anderstd) undertaken (andertikn) undone (andn)

entender, comprender comprometerse, emprender deshacer

despertarse vestir, usar (ropa) tejer llorar ganar

wind (uind) Withdraw (uizdr:) wring (ring) write (rit)

wound (uund) withdrew (uizdr) wrung (rang) wrote (rut)

wound (uund) withdrawn (uizdrm) wrung (rang) written (rtn)

serpentear, enrollar retirar/se, extraer retorcer, escurrir escribir

subject + 1 subject + 1 > s

Affirmative I go You go He goes She goes It goes We go You go They go Affirmative

subject + 1 > "s" (he, she, it)

subject + don't / doesn't + 1

Does he go to New York? - Va l a New York?

usos del presente simple

Hechos o verdades generales.

expresiones usuales del presente simple

It went We went You went They went