Games For Your MSX

GAMES
FOR YOUR
MSX
By
Graham
Carter
GAMES
FOR YOUR
MSX
By
Graham
Carter
Virgin Books
First published in Great Britain in 1985 by Virgin Books Ltd,
328 Kensal Road, London WlO 5X].
Copyright 1985 Interface/Virgin Books
ISBN 0 86369 092 0
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form or by any means without prior permission from the
publisher.
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Richard Clay
(The Chaucer Press) Ltd, Suffolk.
Production services by Book Production Consultants,
Cambridge.
Illustrations and artwork by Sue Walliker.
Typeset by Key line Graphics.
Distributed by Arrow Books.

GA
S FO
R YO
UR
MX

TO SUE AN STEVE PO WELL
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :
GA
S FOR YO
UR
M
S
X
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
TIM HARTNELL-THE SERIES EDITOR
Tn Hartnll s th nost wdlypuLlshd Conputr
author n th world loundr ol th Natonal /X Usrs
CluL, and loundnq dtor ol ZX Computing naqan,
Tn has Ln nvolvd ovr th yars n a wd varty ol
Conputr aCtvts Hs puLlshd works nClud The
Personal Computer Guide Vrqn ooks) and The Giant
Book of Computer Games (Fontana).
GCARTER-THEAUTHOR
Crahan Cartr s a 20-yar old studnt n hs lnal y+r ol
a 'TLC Natonal Lplona Cours n Conputr otuds
H s hopnq to qo to Unvrsty to Contnu hs studs n
ths lld to dqr lv H has Ln worknq wth
Conputrs lor ovr lour yars Hs othr nt rsts nClud
nusC and photoqraphy
SUE WALLIKER-THE ILLUSTRTOR
ou Wallkr s a lrlanC llustrator
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would spCally lk to thank ndrw Cqlv +nd
Carol VnCnt lor th orqnal proqrans thy supplu lor
us n ths Look, and lor th hlp thy qav n durnq ts
prparaton I would also lk to thank laul lrCous,
onon Could, oCott VnCnt Clv Cllord, Lamon
lllnqr and Lanny Clsh lor thr proqr+n das
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :
Editor's Introduction ...
Author's Introduction
GA
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Contents
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
ll
13
Program Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Motorcycle Stuntman .
Mastercode ............... .
Noughts cCrosses .. .
Bazooka! .................. .
Music Program
Hangman . .
Breakball .... .................................................................. .
17
22
. ................................. 26
30
34
37
44
Darts Scorer ............................ . . ................................................................... 47
Minefield ................................... .
Calendar .................... .
21 . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nim ............................ .
Inferno ....................... .
51
55
57
63
. ................. ...... 66
Allsorts .. . . . . ................... ................... .................... 70
Night Fighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
StockMarket .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................ 75
Telephone Book .... .. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . 79
GraphicsDemonstration . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... 81
Wave Form . ........................... .................................... ................... 82
Graphics .. .. .. . . ....... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
85 Time's Eye .................................... ................................... ................. . .
3D Hat 87
Eye. . .............................................................................................. 89
How to Write Better Programs ........ .......................... . .
Glossary ..
Bibliography
93
... 99
............ 115
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
GA
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: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11
Editor's
Introduction
Typnq n a Conputr proqran s lk opnnq an
unknown door ou do not know untl you aCtually opn
th door or, n our Cas, run th proqran what
XprnC s watnq lor you Cl Cours, th sqn on th
door has qvn you son ndCaton, Lut nothnq Can
qual lrsthand XprnC
ou do not know prCsly what XprnCs ar
watnq lor you n th qrat proqrans n ths Look Cl
Cours l th ntroduCton says you r ntrnq a spaC
qan, t s vry lkly th proqran wont play Cuss Iy
NunLr whn you qt t up and runnnq ut th lstnq
rarly hnts at th Conputrs qanplaynq stratqy, or
th sCrn dsplay, or th lun that s watnq lor you
Ths Look has a nunLr ol unknown doors doors
ladnq nto outr spaC and nto th lndsh worlds ol
Conputr ntllqnC, wards and dvntur
Wv provdd th doors and th kys ll you
hav to do to turn th loCk s typ n th proqran, and run
t Whatvr you lnd Lhnd aCh door l quarant you
won t L dsappontd
Tn Hartnll
|anuary l Joo
l l

GA
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MX
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Author's
Introduction
ThC proqrans |n ths Look wll work on any ol thC nCw
ranqC ol IoX ConputCrs Iany ol thCn usC thC ad
vanCCd Colour and qraphCs laCltCs ollCrCd Ly IoX
olC to add |ntCrCst and rCalsn to thC qanCs ThCy
arC a nXturC ol arCadC qanCs, stratCqy qanCs and
qanLlnq qanCs
ContanCd wthn thC lstnqs arC nany lLI statC
nCnts to CXplan thC purposC ol CaCh LloCk ol CodC, Ly
rCadnq throuqh thC proqrans you nay sCC rout|nCs
whCh you wll want to nCorporatC n your own pro
qrans ln partCular, thC IastCrCodC and Hanqnan
qanCs Contan usClul strnq handlnq routnCs lor valdat
nq usCr nputs
l havC trCd to nakC thC nost ol thC Connands
avalaLlC on thC IoX naChnCs whCn wrtnq thCsC
proqrans, and to dCnonstratC ]ust how quCkly thC
naChnC works
l hopC you Cn]oy typnq thC proqrans n and playnq
thCn onCC you havC lUN a proqran a lCw tnCs don t
hCstatC to ChanqC t l you thnk t Can LC nprovCd upon
Crahan CartCr
|anuary l Joo
l o
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_
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Program Notes
ThCsC proqrans should LC typCd n CXaCtly as thCy
appCar n ths Look ThCy havC LCCn spCCally prntCd so
that thC lstnqs rCproduCCd hCrC arC dCntCal to thC way
thCy should look on your tClCvson sCrCCn
oonC ol thC lstnqs Contan spCCal qraphCs CharaC
tCrs ThCrC s a daqran n thC nanual supplCd wth your
naChnC whCh shows whCrC thCsC qraphCs CharaCtCrs
arC on thC kCyLoard, and whCh kCys you nust prCss to
oLtan thCn
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MOTORCYCLE
STUNT MAN
ln ths qanC ts on wth your Crash hClnCt and away you
qo our oL]CCt s to ]unp ovCr a lnC ol LusCs, whCh
ChanqC n nunLCr randonly CvCry qanC
lrCss any kCy to start, and watCh your spCCd nCrCasC
at thC top ol thC sCrCCn WhCn you thnk that you havC
sullCCnt spCCd to ClCar thC lnC ol LusCs, rClCasC thC
LkC s LrakCs Ly prCssnq thC l kCy and sCC your LkC
Ly ovCr thC ranps
Ths qanC usCs aCCuratC lornulaC lor thrust and
vCloCty ll you want thC spCCd to nCrCasC at a lowCr
ratC ]ust ChanqC thC loop n lnC oo a nunLCr qrCatCr
than lo wll nakC thC spCCd nCrCasC norC slowly, whlC
a nunLCr lCss than l o wll nakC thC spCCd nCrCasC
norC rapdly
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ones.
Bit - un uLLICVlullOn lOI llnuIy LlQll 1hls .s lhC smullCsl
unll Ol lnlOImullOn u COm|ulCI ClICull Cun ICCOQnlsC
Boolean Algebra - lhC syslCm Ol ulQCLIu OCVClO|CO Ly
mulhCmullClun COIQC lOOlC WhlCh usCs ulQCLIulC
nOlulOn lO CX|ICss lOQlCul IClullOnshl|s ,sCC PL)
Bootstrap -u shOIl |IOQIum OI IOullnC WhlCh ls ICuO lnlO
l dd
41 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :
GLOSY
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
lhC COm|ulCI WhCn l s llIsl luInCO On ll OIlCnls lhC
COm|ulCI lO uCCC|l lhC lOnQCI, lOllOWnQ |IOQIum
Bug - un CIIOI ln u COm|ulCI |IOQIum WhlCh slO|s lhC
|IOQIum lIOm IunnlnQ |IO|CIly PllhOuQh ll ls
QCnCIully usCO lO mCun Only u luull OI un CIIOI n u
|IOQIum, lhC lCIm LuQ Cun ulsO LC usCO lOI u luull ln
lhC COm|ulCI huIOWuIC
Bus - u numLCI Ol COnOuClOIs usCO lOI lIunsmllnQ sQ
nuls suCh us Oulu nslIuCllOns, OI |OWCI ln unO Oul Ol u
COm|ulCI
Byte - u QIOu| Ol LnuIy OQlls WhlCh mukC u| u
COm|ulCI WOIO LlQhl s lhC mOsl usuul numLCI Ol Lls
ln u LylC
C
CAI - Om|ulCI PssslCO lnslIuClOn
CAL - Om|ulCI PssslCO LCuInnQ 1hC lCIm ls
QCnCIully usCO lO OCsCILC |IOQIums WhCh lnVOlVC
lhC lCuInCI Wllh lhC lCuInnQ |IOCCss
Chip - lhC QCnCIul lCIm lOI lhC CnllIC CICull WhlCh s
ClChCO OnlO u smull |lCCC Ol sllCOn 1hC Chl| ls, Ol
COuIsC, ul lhC hCuIl Ol lhC mlCIOCOm|ulCI
Clock - lhC llmlnQ OCVlCC Wllhln lhC COm|ulCI lhul
synChIOnsCs ls O|CIullOns
COBOL -u hlQh lCVCl lunQuuQC OCIlVCO lIOm lhC WOIOs
OmmOn lusnCss ICnlulCO LunQuuQC lL ls
OCsQnCO |IuuIly lOI llllnQ unO ICCOIOkCC|lnQ
Comparator - u OCVlCC WhCh COm|uICs lWO lhlnQs unO
|IOOuCCs u slQnul IClulCO lO lhC OlllCICnCC LClWCCn
lhC lWO
Compiler - u COm|ulCI |IOQIum lhul COnVCIls hlQh
lCVCl |IOQIummnQ lunQuuQC lnlO LlnuIy muChlnC
COOC sO lhC COm|ulCI Cun hunOlC ll
Complement -u numLCI WhCh ls OCIlVCO lIOm anOlhCI
uCCOIOnQ lO s|CCllCO IulCs
l l

GA
S F
OR YO
UR
MX

Computer - u OCVCC Wlh lhICC mun uLllCs OI
lunClOns
l ) lO uCCC|l Oulu
) lO sOlVC |IOLlCms
J) lO su||ly ICsulls
CPU - slunOs lOI CnlIul lIOCCssnQ Unl 1hs s lhC
hCuIl Ol lhC COm|ulCI s nlCllQCnCC, WhCIC Oulu s
hunOlCO unO nslIuClOns uIC CuIICO Oul
Cursor - u ChuIuClCI WhCh u||CuIs On lhC 1V sCICCn
WhCn lhC COm|ulCI s O|CIulnQ ll shOWs WhCIC lhC
nCXl ChuIuClCI Wll LC |InlCO n u COm|ulCI lhCIC
uIC usuully CuIsOI COnlIOl kCys lO ullOW lhC usCI lO
mOVC lhC CuIsOI uIOunO lhC sCICCn
D
Data nlOImulOn n u lOIm WhCh lhC COm|ulCI Cun
|IOCCss
Debug - lhC QCnCIul lCIm lOI QOnQ lhIOuQh u |IOQIum
unO COIICClnQ uny CIIOIs n l , lhul s, ChusnQ OOWn
unO ICmOVnQ LuQs sCC luQ)
Digital Computer -u COm|ulCI WhCh O|CIulCs On
nlOImulOn WhCh s n u OsCIClC lOIm
Disk/Disc -lhs s u muQnClCully sCnslsCO |luslC Osk,
u llllC smullCI lhun u snQlC |luy ICCOIO 1hs s usCO
lOI slOInQ |IOQIums unO lOI OLlunnQ Oulu Lsks uIC
COnsOCIuLly luslCI lO lOuO lhun u CussCllC Ol lhC sumC
lCnQlh |IOQIum 1hC Osk Cun LC sCuIChCO VCIy
QuCkly WhlC u |IOQIum s IunnnQ lOI uOOlOnul Cul u
Display -lhC Vsuul Oul|ul Ol l hC COm|ulCI, QCnCIully On
u 1V OI mOnlI sCICCn
Dot Matrix Printer u |InlCI WhCh |Inls ClhCI lhC
lslnQ Ol u |IOQIum OI lhul WhCh s Os|.uyCO OH lhC
1V sCICCn LuCh lCllCI unO ChuIuClCI s muOC u| Ol u
numLCI Ol OOls 1hC hQhCI lhC numLCI Ol OOls |CI
ChuIuClCI lhC lnCI lhC ICsOlulOn O lhC |InlCI
l
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :
GLOSY
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Dynamic Memory - u UCmOIy unll Wlhn lhC COm|ulCI
WhCh lOIQCls lls COnlCnls WhCn lhC |OWCI s luInCO
Oll
E
Editor -lhs lCIm ls QCnCIully usCO lOI lhC IOullnC Wllhn
lhC COm|ulCI WhlCh ullOWs yOu lO ChunQC llnCs Ol u
|IOQIum WhllC yOu uIC WIllnQ l
EPROM - slunOs lOI LIusuLlC lIOQIummuLlC lCuO
nly lCmOIy 1hls s llkC lhC ll n lhC COm|ulCI,
CXCC|l lhul ll s lulIly Cusy lO lOuO mulCIul nlO un
Llll unO ll OOCsn l Olsu||CuI WhCn yOu luIn lhC
|OWCI Oll Lllls musl LC |luCCO n u slIOnQ ullIu
VlOlCl lQhl lO CIusC lhCm
Error Messages - lhC lnlOImulOn QVCn Ly u COm|ulCI
WhCIC lhCIC ls u luull n IhC COOlnQ OuIlnQ u |uIl Ol u
|IOQrum, usuully shOWn Ly lhC COm|ulCI slO||lnQ,
unO |InlnQ u WOIO, OI u WOIO unO numLCIs, OI u
COmLnulOn Ol numLCIs Onl y, ul lhC LOllOm Ol lhC
sCICCn 1hs lClls yOu Whul mlslukC hus LCCn muOC
OmmOn mslukCs nCluOC uslnQ l hC lCllCI 0 lnslCuO Ol
zCIO n u lnC, OI lCuVnQ Oul u |ulI Ol LIuCkCls, OI OnC Ol
l hC LIuCkCls, n un CX|ICsslOn, OI lullnQ lO OClnC u
VuIuLlC
F
File - u COllCClOn Ol IClulCO llCms Ol lnlOImulOn
OIQunlsCO n u syslCmullC Wuy
Floppy Disk - u IClullVCly ChCu| lOIm Ol muQnClC Olsk
usCO lOI slOIlnQ COm|ulCI lnlOImullOn, unO sO numCO
LCCuusC l s QullC llCXLlC ,sCC Llsk/LlsC)
Flow Cha - u OluQIum OIuWn u| LClOIC WIllnQ u
|IOQIum, ln WhlCh lhC mun O|CIullOns uIC CnClOsCO
Wllhln ICClunQlCs OI OlhCI shu|Cs unO COnnCClCO Ly
l o
1
1111111111
GA
S F
OR YOUR
@@
: 111111111 1
llnCs, Wllh uIIOWs lO ICICsCnl lOOs, unO OCClslOns
WIlllCn ul lhC LIunChCs ll mukCs WIlllnQ u IOQIum
muCh CuslCI LCCuusC lIus suCh us lnllnllC lOOs, OI
nOn-OCllnCO VuIluLlCs Cun LC CuuQhl ul un CuIly sluQC
ll muy nOl LC WOIlh WIlllnQ u uOW ChuIl lOI VCIy shOIl
IOQIums, Lul QCnCIully u lOW ChuIl ulOs ln CICullnQ
IOQIums
Firm ware -lhCIC uIC lhICC klnOs Ol ` WuIC ln COmulCIs
sOHWuIC ` lCmOIuIy IOQIums, huIOWuIC llkC lhC
lN WhlCh COnlulns CImunCnl lnlOImullOn, unO
llImWuIC ln WhlCh lhC lnlOImullOn ls IClullVCly
CImunCnl , us ln un LllN ,sCC LllN)
Flip-Flop - u ClICull WhlCh mulnlulns OnC ClCClIlCul COn
OlllOn unlll ChunQCO lO lhC OOsllC COnOlllOn Ly un
lnul slQnul
FORTRAN- un uCIOnym lOI lmulu 1lPslullOn, lhls
l s u hlQh l CVCl , IOLl Cm OIlCnlulCO COmulCI
lunQuuQC lOI sClCnllllC unO mulhCmullCul usC
G
Gate - un ClCClIlCul ClICull WhlCh, ullhOuQh ll muy
uCCCl OnC OI mOIC lnCOmlnQ slQnul s, Only sCnOs Oul u
slnQlC slQnul
Graphics - lClOIlul lnlOImullOn us OOsCO lO lCllCIs
unO numLCIs
B
Hard Copy - COmulCI Oulul WhlCh ls ln CImunCnl
lOIm
Hardware - lhC hyslCul uIls Ol lhC COmulCI ,ulsO sCC
sOHWuIC unO llImWuIC)
Hexadecimal (Hex) - u numLCIlnQ syslCm lO lhC LusC
slXlCCn 1hC OlQlls 2CIO lO nlnC uIC usCO, us WCll us lhC
lCllCIs P, l, , L, L unO lO ICICsCnl numLCIs P
l 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :
GLOSY
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
CQuuls l O l CQuuls l l , CQuuls l unO sO On lCX ls
OllCn usCO Ly mlCIO|IOCCssOI usCIs
Hex Pad - u kCyLOuIO OCslQnCO s|CClllCully lOI
CnlCIlnQ hCXuOCClmul nOlullOn
High Level Language -u |IOQIummlnQ lunQuuQC WhlCh
ullOWs lhC usCI lO lulk lO lhC COm|ulCI mOIC OI lCss ln
LnQllsh l n QCnCIul , lhC hlQhCI lhC lCVCl Ol lhC
lunQuuQC ,lhul ls, lhC ClOsCI ll ls lO LnQllsh) , lhC lOnQCI ll
lukCs lOI lhC COm|ulCI lO lIunsl3lC ll lnlO u lunQuuQC ll
Cun usC LOWCI lCVCl lunQuuQCs uIC luI mOIC OllllCull
lOI humun O|CIulOIs Lul uIC QCnCIully CXCCulCO luI
mOIC QulCkly
I
Input - lhC lnlOImullOn lCO lnlO lhC COm|ulCI Vlu u kCy
LOuIO, u mlCIO|hOnC, u CussCllC OI u Olsk
Input/Output (1/0 Device) - u OCVlCC WhlCh uCCC|ls
lnlOImullOn OI lnslIuCllOns lIOm lhC OulslOC WOIl O,
ICluys l l lO l hC COm|ulCI, unO hCn, uHCI |IOCCsslnQ,
sCnOs lhC lnlOImullOn Oul ln u lOIm sulluLlC lOI slOIlnQ,
OI ln u lOIm WhlCh COulO LC unOCIslOOO Ly u humun
LClnQ
Instruction - Oulu WhlCh OlICCls u slnQlC slC| ln lhC |IO
CCsslnQ Ol lnlOImullOn Ly lhC COm|ulCI ,ulsO knOWn us
u COmmunO)
Integrated Circuit - u COm|lClC ClCClIOnlC ClICull
lm|IlnlCO On u sCmlCOnOuClOI suIluCC
Interface - lhC LOunOuIy LClWCCn lhC COm|ulCI unO u
|CIl|hCIul suCh us u |IlnlCI
Interpreter - u |IOQIum WhlCh lIunslulCs lhC hlQh lCVCl
lunQuuQC lCO ln Ly lhC humun O|CIulOI, lnlO u
lunQuuQC WhlCh lhC muChlnC Cun unOCIslunO
Inverer - u lOQlC QulC lhul ChunQCs lhC slQnul LClnQ lCO
ln, lO lhC O||OsllC OnC
Interactive Routine |uIl Ol u |IOQIum WhlCh ls
l Jo

GAE
S F
OR YO
UR
MX

IC|CulCO OVCI unO OVCI uQun unll u s|CClCO
COnOlOn ls ICuChCO
Jump Instruction un nslIuClOn WhCh lClls lhC

COm|ulCI lO QO lO unOlhCI |uIl Ol lhC |IOQIum, WhCn
lhC OCsllnulOn Ol lhls mOVC OC|CnOs On hC ICsull Ol u
CulCul ulOn ] usl |CIlOImCO
K
K - lhs IClulCs lO lhC sl2C Ol lhC mCmOIy lCmOIy s
usuully mCusuICO n 1l LlOCks l l COnluns l , d1
LylCs
Keyword l hC lIlQQCI WOIO ln u lnC Ol |IOQIummlnQ,
usuully lhC llIsl WOIO ullCI lhC lnC numLCI lCyWOIOs
lnCluOC o1l, lll1 unO 1
L
Language -COm|ulCI lunQuuQCs uIC OVOCO nlO lhICC
sCClOns hQh lCVCl lunQuuQCs, suCh us lPol , WhCh
uIC ICusOnuLly ClOsC lO LnQlsh unO lulIly Cusy lOI
humuns lO usC, lOW lCVCl lunQuuQCs, suCh us
PssCmLlCI, lhul usC shOIl |hIusCs WhCh huVC sOmC
COnnCClOn Wllh LnQllsh PLL lOI uOO nO lL1 lOI
ICluIn, lOI nslunCC) , unO muChnC COOC WhlCh
COmmunCulCs mOIC OI lCss OICClly Wlh lhC muChlnC
LCD lhs slunOs lOI LlQuO Iyslul LOOC oOmC
COm|ulCIs suCh us lhC 1lodd lOCkCl Om|ulCI usC
un LL Ols|luy
LED - lhs slunOs lOI LQhl LmllnQ LOOC 1hC LIQhl
ICO numLCIs WhlCh uIC OlICn usCO On WulCh OI C.OCk
Os|luys uIC muOC u| Ol LLLs
l do
r l l l l l l l l l l l :
GLOSAY
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Logic -lhC mulhCmulCul lOIm Ol u sluOy Ol IClulOnsh|s
LClWCCn CVCnls
Loop - u sCQuCnCC Ol nslIuClOns Wlhn u |IOQIum
WhCh s |CIlOImCO OVCI unO OVCI uQun unll u
|uIlCuluI COnOlOn s sulslCO
m
Machine Language or Machine Code - un O|CIulOn
COOC WhCh Cun LC unOCIslOOO unO uClCO u|On
OICClly Ly lhC COm|ulCI
Magnetic Disk - sCC Lsk unO llO||y Lsk
Mainframe - COm|ulCIs uIC QCnCIully OVOCO nlO
lhICC QIOu|s, unO lhC QIOu| u COm|ulCI lulls nlO
OC|CnOs mOIC OI lCss On ls szC 1hC COm|ulCI yOu
uIC lhnknQ Ol LuynQ s u mCIOCOm|ulCI , mCOum
szCO COm|ulCIs uIC knOWn us mnCOm|ulCIs, unO lhC
Qunl COm|ulCIs lhul yOu sOmClmCs sCC n sCCnCC
lClOn mOVCs uIC munlIumC COm|ulCIs Unll l c
yCuIs uQO munlIumC COm|ulCIs WCIC, n |IuClCul
lCIms, lhC Only OnCs uVuluLlC
Memory - lhCIC uIC lWO ly|Cs Ol mCmOIy Wlhn u
COm|ul CI 1hC l Isl s CullCO ll ICuOOnly
mCmOIy) , lhs s lhC mCmOIy lhul COmCs ulICuOy
|IOQIummCO On lhC COm|ulCI , WhCh lClls lhC
COm|ulCI hOW lO mukC OCCsOns unO hOW lO CuIIy Oul
uIlhmClC O|CIulOns 1hs mCmOIy s unullCClCO
WhCn yOu luIn lhC COm|ulCI Oll 1hC sCCOnO ly|C s
lPl IunOOm uCCCss mCmOIy) 1hs mCmOIy hOlOs
lhC |IOQIum yOu lyC n ul lhC kCyLOuIO OI sCnO .n Vu
u CussCllC OI Osk ln mOsl COm|ulCIs lhC COm|ulCI
lOIQCls Whul s n lPl WhCn yOu luIn lhC |OWCI Oll
Microprocessor -lhC hCuIl Ol uny COm|ulCI ll ICQuICs
|CI|hCIul unl nlCIluCCs, suCh us u |OWCI su||ly unO
n|ul unO Oul|ul OCVCCs, lO uCl us u mCIOCOm|ulCI
MODEM - slunOs lOI lOOululOI LCmOOululOI 1hs s u
OCVCC WhCh ullOWs lWO COm|ulCIs lO lulk lO CuCh
l 1
1
1111111111
GA
S F
OR YO
UR
@@
: 111111111
OlhCI OVCI lhC lClC|hOnC 1hC COm|ulCIs usuully usC u
CIuOlC ln WhlCh u lClC|hOnC ICCClVCI ls |luCCO
Monitor -lhls hus lWO mCunlngs l n COm|ulCI lCIms nC
mCunlng ls u lClCVlslOnllkC Ols|luy P mOnllOI hus nO
luClllly lOI lunlng lClCVslOn |IOgIums, unO usuully lhC
|lCluIC |IOOuCCO On u mOnllOI ls su|CIlOI lO lhul
|IOOuCCO Ly un OIOlnuIy lCCVlslOn 1hC sCCOnO
mCunlng Ol u mOnllOI IClulCs lO ll 1hC mOnllOI Ol u
COm|ulCI ls OCsCIlLCO us lhC lnlOImullOn ll hus Lulll ln
WhCn yOu Luy ll 1hls lnlOImullOn ullOWs ll lO mukC
OCClslOns unC CuIIy Oul uIllhmCllC COm|ulullOns
Mother board u lIumCWOIk lO WhlCh CXlIu ClICulls Cun
LC uOOCO 1hCsC CXlIu ClICulls OllCn glVC lhC
COm|ulCI luClllllCs WhlCh uIC nOl Lulllln, suCh us lhul
Ol |IOOuClng sOunO OI Ol COnlIOllng u llghl |Cn
MPU - un uLLICVlullOn lOI llCIO|IOCCssOI Unll
N
Nano-second - u nunOsCCOnO ls OnC lhOusunO LllllOnlh
Ol u sCCOnO, lhC unll Ol s|CCO ln WhCh u COm|ulCI OI u
mCmOIy Chl| ls OHCn IulCO
Non-Volatile Memory - mCmOIy WhlCh ls nOl Osl WhCn
lhC COm|ulCI ls luInCO Oll oOmC Ol lhC smulCI
COm|ulCIs suCh us lhC 1lodd lOCkCl Om|ulCI huVC
nOn-VOlulllC mCmOIy 1hC LullCIlCs hOlC lhC |IOgIum
yOu CnlCI lOI sCVCIul hunOICO hOuIs
Not - u lOOlCun lOglC O|CIullOn lhul ChungCs u LlnuIy
Olgll lnlO lls O||OsllC
Null String - u slIlng WhlCh COnlulns nO ChuIuClCIs ll ls
shOWn ln lhC |IOgIum us lWO OOuLC QuOlC muIks,
WllhOul unylhlng LClWCCn lhCm
Numeric - |CIlulnlng lO numLCIs us O||OsCO lO CllCIs
,lhul ls, ul|huLCllC) luny kCyLOuIOs uIC OCsCIlLCO
us LClng ul|hunumCIlC WhlCh mCuns LOlh numLCIs
unO CllCIs uIC |IOVlOCO
l dd
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 :
G
LOSY
: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
O
Octal - u numLCInQ syslCm WhCh usCs CQhl us lhC
LusC, unO lhC OQls O l , , J, +, c, o unO 1 1hC Clul
syslCm s nOl usCO VCIy muCh nOWuOuys n
mCIOCOm|ulCI lClOs 1hC lCXuOCCmul syslCm s
mOIC COmmOn sCC lCXuOCCmul)
Operating System- lhC sOHWuIC OI lIm WuIC QCnCIully
|IOVOCO Wlh lhC muChnC lhul ullOWs yOu O Iun OlhCI
|IOQIums
OR - un uIlhmClC O|CIulOn lhul ICluIns u l , l OnC OI
mOIC n|uls uIC l
Oracle u mClhOO Ol sCnOnQ lCXl mCssuQCs Wlh u
LIOuOCusl lClCVsOn sQnul P lClClCXl sCl s ICQuICO
lO OCCOOC l hC mCssuQCs IuCl C s Iun Ly
lnOC|CnOCnl 1ClCVsOn oCIVCC n lhC Ul, unO u
smluI sCIVCC CCluX - s |IOVOCO Ly lhC ll
Output nlOImulOn OI Oulu lCO Oul Ly lhC COm|ulCI lO
suCh OCVCCs us u 1VlkC sCICCn, u |InlCI OI u
CussCllC lu|C 1hC Oul|ul usuully COnssls Ol lhC
nlOImulOn WhCh lhC COm|ulCI hus |IOOuCCO us u
ICsull Ol IunnnQ u |IOQIum
Overfow - u numLCI lOO luIQC OI lOO smull lOI lhC
COm|ulCI lO hunOl C
P
Pad - sCC lCy|uO
Page - OHCn usCO lO IClCI lO lhC umOunl Ol nlOImulOn
nCCOCO lO lll OnC 1V sCICCn, sO yOu Cun lulk uLOul
sCCnQ u |uQC Ol u |IOQIum, lhC umOunl Ol lhC lslnQ
lhul Wll u||CuI On lhC sCICCn ul OnC lmC
PASCAL - u hQh lCVCl lunQuuQC
Peripheral unylhnQ WhCh s hOOkCO OnlO u COm|ulCI,
lOI COnlIOl Ly lhC COm|ulCI, suCh us u Osk unl , u
|InlCI OI u VOCC synlhCssCI
l OJ
11111111111
GA
S FOR YO
UR
@@
: 111111111
Port -u sOCkCl lhIOuQh WhlCh lnlOImullOn Cun LC lCO Oul
Ol OI ln lO u COm|ulCI
Prestel -lhC lIlllsh lClCCOm numC lOI u sysCm Ol CulllnQ
u| |uQCs Ol lnlOImullOn lIOm u CCnlIul COm|ulCI Vlu
lhC lClC|hOnC unO Os|luynQ lhCm On u lClCVlslOn
sCICCn P slmlluI COmmCICul VCIslOn ln lhC UnlCO
o!ulCs s knOWn us 1hC oOuICC
Program - n COm|ulCI lCIms ;IOQIum hus lWO
mCunlnQs nC s lhC lsl Ol nslIuClOns lhul yOu lCCO
nlO u COm|ulCI, unO lhC sCCOnO s usCO us u VCIL, us ln
lO |IOQIum u COm|ulCI
PROM-slunOs lOI lIOQIummuLlC lCuO nly lCmOIy
1hls ls u OCVlCC WhlCh Cun LC |IOQIummCO, unO OnCC
ll s lhCn lhC |IOQIum ls |CImunCnl ,ulsO sCC Llll
unO ll)
R
Random Access Memor (RAM) - lhC mCmOIy Wllhn u
COm|ulCI WhlCh Cun LC ChunQCO ul Wlll Ly lhC |CIsOn
uslnQ lhC COm|ulCI 1hC COnlCnls Ol lPl uIC usuully
lOsl WhCn u COm|ulCI s luInCO Oll lPl ls lhC mCmOIy
OCVlCC lhul slOICs lhC |IOQIum lhul yOu ly|C n unO
ulsO slOICs lhC ICsulls Ol CulCululOns n |IOQICss
Read-Only Memory(ROM) -ln COnlIusl lO lPl, nlOIm
ulOn n ll CunnOl LC ChunQCO Ly lhC usCI Ol lhC
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Sofware lhC |IOQIum WhCh s CnlCICO nlO lhC
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llnC uHCI lhC OnC WhlCh sCnl ll lO lhC suLIOullnC
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unll ll QCnCIully COnslsls Ol u kCyLOuIO unO u CulhOOC
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Time Shaing - u |IOCCss Ly WhlCh u numLCI Ol usCIs
muy huVC uCCCss lO u luIQC COm|ulCI WhlCh sWllChCs
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T Hel
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LOOks n lhCI UsLOInC Om|ulCI lOOks sCICs LIuWnQ
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CnlQhlCn LOlh yOunQ unO nOl-sOyOunQ ICuOCIs
l ll lOOk ul lhICC Ol lhCI lll Cs, lhICC WhCh COVCI ] usl
uLOul lhC WhOlC lClO Ol COm|ulCI nlCICsls
Information Revolution
Lynn lyInQ unO lun Iuhum, lQLy)
lICsCnlnQ un CmnCnlly ICuOuLlC nlIOOuClOn lO lhC
ICVOlulOn WhCh COVCIs suCh lClOs us COm|ulCIs Ol
COuIsC) , lCXl nlOImulOn sCIVCCs Vu lhC lClCVsOn
sCICCH, WOIO |IOCCssnQ, luluIC |hOnCs unO sulClllC
COmmunCulOns, Information Revolution s un OCul
QuOC lOI lhC |CIsOn WhO Wunls un CusylO-ICuO nlIOOuC
lOn lO lhC lCl O
Computer Jargon
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u numLCI Ol OOO llllC COlOuICO IOLOls sllnQ uIOunO u
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suynQ 1hs s u Osk OIVC , 1hs s u OQlul lIuCCI ' )
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Robotics -What Robots Can Do and How They Work
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CIu2C - WhCn ` ICul IOLOls lnully uIIVC - lhun COm
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Practise Your BASIC
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!Ou ll lnO lhs LOOk - WhCh |ICOCluLly COnluns u
numLCI Ol CXCICsCs, |u22lCs unO |IOLlCms lO sOlVC Ly
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Help With Computer Literacy
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Computer Resource Book -Algebra
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An Introduction to Micro-electronics and Micro
processor Systems
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Computer Images -State of the Art
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smululOIs lOI llQhl lIunnQ unO lunk munOCuVInQ
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Cnlhususm Ps WCll us u CllnQ lhC lOsl ul Ol OuI
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slunO Oul uIC The Pengin Book ofVIC 20 Games luul
O|ClunO) unO The Penguin Book of Commodore 64
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