CSharp Finding Rows in ADO

Finding Rows in ADO.
NET
More Information on installing the .Net Framework click here.
Download full Visual Studio C# .NET Examples from this Article.

Overview
ADO.NET implements three basic forms to locate Rows - The Find method as applied to the Rows collection, th
Find method as applied to the DataView object and the Contains method as applied to the Rows collection.
DataRowCollection Find and Contains Method
The DataRowCollection is a major component of the DataTable. While the DataColumnCollectiondefines
schema of the table, the DataRowCollection contains the actual data for the table, where each DataRow in the
DataRowCollection represents a single row.
You can call the Add and Remove methods to insert and delete DataRow objects from the DataRowCollection.
can also call the Find method to search for DataRow objects that contain specific values in primary key colum
and the Contains method to search character-based data for single words or phrases.
DataView Find and FindRows Method
Using the Find and FindRows methods of the DataView, you can search for rows according to their sort key va
The case-sensitivity of search values in the Find and FindRows methods is determined by the CaseSensitive
property of the underlying DataTable. Search values must match existing sort key values in their entirety in o
to return a result.
The Rows Collection Find Method
Similar to the DataTable Select method, the Rows collection Find method returns a DataRow object - in this ca
single row instead of an array. This method requires that you set the Primary Key property before usin
you don't, you will trip a trappable exception.
Setting the PrimaryKey Property
Whem you execute a query that executes a stored procedure, ADO.NET is not likely to discover and set the Pr
Key for you. This means you'll probably have to set it manually - at least most of the time. The following exam
illustrates setting the Primary Key Property when there are two columns in the Primary Key:
// Setting the Primary Key when there are
// two columns in the Primary Key.
DataColumn[] colPk = new DataColumn[2];
colPk[0] = dsOrderItem.Tables[0].Columns["CustomerID"];
colPk[1] = dsOrderItem.Tables[0].Columns["OrderID"];
dsOrderItem.Tables[0].PrimaryKey = colPk;
The Rows.Find Method
After the Primary Key is set, using the Rows collection Find method is fairly straightforward. The following exa
sets up and executes the Find method against a Rows collection. Find returns a DataRow object based on the
Primary Key passwd as an argument.
The DataView Object's Find Method
The DataView object's Find method could care less abaout the Primary Key. The Find method returns an inte
with the index of the DataRowView that matches the search criteria. If more than one row matches th
search criteria, only the index of the first matching DataRowView is returned. If no match is found, Find retur
To return search results that match multiple rows, you can use the FindRows method. FindRows works just lik
Find method, except that it returns a DataRowView array that references all matching rows in the DataView. I
matches are found, the DataRowView array will be empty.
To use the Find or FindRows methods you must specify a sort order either by settingApplyDefaultSort to
true or by using the Sort property. If no sort order is specified, an exception is thrown.
The following Example shows the use of the Find Method for both the Rows Collection and DataView.

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Collections;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

namespace RowsAndDataViewFind
,
public class FindDemo : System.Windows.Forms.Form
,
private SqlConnection cn;
private SqlCommand cmd;
private SqlDataAdapter da;
private DataSet ds;

internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtFoundRow;
internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtFindArg;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btnFind;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btnFindRow;
internal System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid DataGrid;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label lbl_enter;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label lbl_showrow;
private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null;

public FindDemo()
,
try
,
InitializeComponent();

// Connect to Database and create Controls
cn = new SqlConnection(
"server=xeon;database=northwind;uid=sa;pwd=manager");
cmd = new SqlCommand("Select from customers",cn);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
ds = new DataSet();
RunQuery();
,
catch(Exception ex)
,
MessageBox.Show(ex.ToString());
,
,

// Fill DataGrid with Data
private void RunQuery()
,
try
,
DataColumn[] dcPk = new DataColumn[1];

da.Fill(ds, "Customers");

// Set Primary Key
dcPk[0] = ds.Tables["Customers"].Columns["CustomerID"];
ds.Tables["Customers"].PrimaryKey = dcPk;

// Set Default Sort
ds.Tables[0].DefaultView.Sort = "CustomerID";
DataGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables0,;
,
catch (Exception ex)
,
Debug.WriteLine(ex.ToString());
,
,

// Finds a row in the DataView by the specified sort key value
private void btnFind_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try
,
int intRow;

// Finds the row specified in txtFindArg
intRow = ds.Tables[0].DefaultView.Find(txtFindArg.Text);
Debug.WriteLine(intRow);
if (intRow == -1)
,
MessageBox.Show("No PK matches " + txtFindArg.Text);
,
else
,
// Jump to the Row and select it
DataGrid.CurrentRowIndex = intRow;
DataGrid.Select(intRow);
,
,
catch(Exception ex)
,
,
,

// Most applications that consume data need to access specific
// records that satisfy some kind of criteria. In order to find
// a particular row in a dataset you invoke the Find Method of
// the DataRowCollection. If the primary key exists, a DataRow
// object is returned. If the primary key cannot be found, a null
// value is returned.
private void btnFindRow_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try
,
DataRow drFound;

// Find the Row specified in txtFindArg
drFound = ds.Tables[0].Rows.Find(txtFindArg.Text);
if (drFound == null)
,
MessageBox.Show("No PK matches " + txtFindArg.Text);
,
else
,
txtFoundRow.Text = drFound0,.ToString() + ", " +
drFound1,.ToString() + ", " +
drFound2,.ToString();
,
,
catch(Exception ex)
,
,
,
....
....
STAThread,
static void Main()
,
Application.Run(new FindDemo());
,
,
,
The Rows Collection Contains Method
Another way to locate a row based on your DataTable object's Primary Key property is to use the Rows collect
Contains method. This method works very much like the Find method in that it expects you to set the Primary
Property. However instead of returning a DataRow, the Contains method simply returns a Boolean - TRUE, if t
Row is found and FALSE if not.
The following example shows the use of the Contains and Remove Methods.

using System;
using System.Data;

namespace RowsContain ,

public class ContainAndRemove : System.Windows.Forms.Form ,
private DataSet ds;
private DataRow rowFound;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btnSearch;
internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtSearchFor;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Button btnRemoveRow;
internal System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid DataGrid;
internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblSearch;

public ContainAndRemove() ,
try,

// Connect to the Database
cn = new SqlConnection(
cmd = new SqlCommand(
"SELECT FRJM Customers JRDER BY CustomerID", cn);
da= new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
ds= new DataSet();

da.Fill(ds);
DataGrid.PreferredColumnWidth = 200;

,
catch(Exception ex) ,
,
,

// Gets a value indicating whether the primary key column(s)
// of any row in the collection contains the specified value.
private void btnSearch_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try ,
DataTable tb = ds.Tables0,;
int intRow;

// Set Primary Key and Sort Jrder
DataColumn, dcolPk = new DataColumn1,;
dcolPk0, = tb.Columns"CustomerID",;
tb.PrimaryKey = dcolPk;
tb.DefaultView.Sort = "CustomerID";

// Rows.Contains returns TRUE or FALSE
if (tb.Rows.Contains(txtSearchFor.Text)) ,

// At least one row matches primary key
rowFound = tb.Rows.Find(txtSearchFor.Text);
intRow = ds.Tables0,.DefaultView.Find(txtSearchFor.Text);
if ((rowFound == null) | (intRow == -1)) ,
MessageBox.Show("Could not find row ");
,
else ,
DataGrid.CurrentRowIndex = intRow;
DataGrid.Select(intRow);
,
,
else ,
MessageBox.Show("No row found that matches " + txtSearchFor.Text);
,
,
,
,

// When a row is removed, all data in that row is lost. You can
// also call the Delete method of the DataRow class to simply mark
// a row for removal. Calling Remove is the same as calling Delete
// and then calling AcceptChanges.
// You can also use the Clear method to remove all members of
// the collection at once.
private void btnRemoveRow_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try ,
ds.Tables[0].Rows.Remove(rowFound);
,
,
,

....
....

STAThread,
static void Main() ,
Application.Run(new ContainAndRemove());
,
,
,

Filtering and Sorting in ADO.NET
More Information on installing the .Net Framework click here.
Download full Visual Studio C# .NET Examples from this Article.

Contents
Filtering and Sorting with the DataTable Select Method
Filtering and Sorting with the DataView Object
Filtering and Sorting with the DataViewManager
Overview
ADO.NET supports many ways to manage memory-resident data returned in a DataSet. In this article
you will see that ADO.NET exposes addidional functionality to the ways you can sort and filter data.
Because of the very nature of the disconnected DataSet architecture used in ADO.NET, it's often
impractical or impossible to requery a remote data source to reorder or further filter data. Of course,
this assumes that you are not implementing a traditional client/server application, which can execute
further server-side sorting and filtering.
ADO.NET supports two fundamental approaches for performing these operations:
o The DataTable Select Method - This method is overloaded to accept arguments to
filter and sort data rows returning an array of DataRow objects.
o The DataView object sort, filter and find methods - This object uses the same
filter arguments supported by the Select method, but the DataView extrudes
structures that can be bound to data-aware controls.
Filtering and Sorting with the DataTable Select Method
The DataTable Select returns a DataRow array from a table per a particular filter and/or sort order.
The content reflects changes to the underlying table, but the membership and ordering remain static.
The DataTable Select method accepts a filter and sort argument to return an arry of DataRow objects
that conform to the criteria in a FilterExpression.
public DataRow, Select();
ets an array of all DataRow objects.
public DataRow, Select(string);
ets an array of all DataRow objects that
match the filter criteria
public DataRow, Select(
string, string);
match the filter criteria, in the specified sort
order
public DataRow, Select(
string, string, DataViewRowState);
match the filter in the order of the sort, that
match the specified state
For example, a Filter Expression might look like this:
"OrderDate >= '01.03.1998' AND OrderDate <= '31.03.1998'"
A typical Sort Expression is imply the name of the column to sort following by an optional ASC or
DESC.
"OrderDate DESC"
Problem with the DataTable Select
The fundamental problem with the Select method is that it does not return a flitered table object as
expected - it returns an arry of DataRow objects. This means you can't directly bind this array to a
Datarid or other data bound controls. To accomplish this, use a DataView as shown later in this
article.
Example
The following example illustrates how to filter and sort using the DataTable Select method. It begins
by setting up a Command object to retrieve the ORDERS table from the Northwind Database.

using System;
using System.Data;

namespace WithDataTableSelect
,
public class FilterAndSort : System.Windows.Forms.Form
,
private System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid dataGrid;
private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox textBox;
private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1;
private System.Windows.Forms.Button BtnFilterAndSort;
private DataSet ds;

public FilterAndSort()
,

// Setup DB-Connection, create and fill Dataset, show
// Resultset in DataGrid
SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(
"data source=xeon;uid=sa;password=manager;database=northwind");
ds = new DataSet("Jrders");
SqlDataAdapter da = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT FRJM Jrders",cn);
da.TableMappings.Add("Table","Jrders");
da.Fill(ds);
dataGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables"Jrders",;
,

....
....

STAThread,
static void Main()
,
Application.Run(new FilterAndSort());
,

// Filter and Sort with the DataTable Select Method
private void BtnFilterAndSort_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
string strText;
string strExpr;
string strSort;
DataRow, foundRows;
DataTable myTable;
myTable = ds.Tables"Jrders",;

// Setup Filter and Sort Criteria
strExpr = "OrderDate >= '01.03.1998' AND OrderDate <= '31.03.1998'";
strSort = "OrderDate DESC";

// Use the Select method to find all rows matching the filter.
foundRows = myTable.Select(strExpr, strSort);

// Apply all Columns to the TextBox, this
// must be done Row-By-Row.
strText = null;
for (int i = 0 ; i <= foundRows.GetUpperBound(0); i++)
,
for (int j = 0; j <= foundRowsi,.ItemArray.GetUpperBound(0); j++)
,
strText = strText + foundRowsi,j,.ToString() + "\t";
,
strText = strText + "\r\n";
textBox.Text = strText;
,
,
,
,
Filtering and Sorting with the DataView Object
A DataView enables you to create different views of the data stored in a DataTable, a capability
that is often used in data-binding applications. Using a DataView, you can expose the data in a table
with different sort orders, and you can filter the data by row state or based on a filter
expression.

A DataView provides a dynamic view of data whose content, ordering, and membership reflect
changes to the underlying DataTable as they occur. This is different from theSelect method of
the DataTable, which returns a DataRow array from a table per a particular filter and/or sort order
and whose content reflects changes to the underlying table, but whose membership and ordering
remain static. The dynamic capabilities of the DataView make it ideal for data-binding
applications.
A DataView provides you with a dynamic view of a single set of data to which you canapply
different sorting and filtering criteria, similar to the view provided by a database. However, a
DataView differs significantly from a database view in that the DataView cannot be treated as a table
and cannot provide a view of joined tables. You also cannot exclude columns that exist in the source
table, nor can you append columns, such as computational columns, that do not exist in the source
table.

Default DataView
The DataTable.DefaultView Property is the DataView associated with a DataTable, it can be used to
sort, filter, and search a DataTable.
DataView.RowFilter
The DataView.RowFilter Property gets or sets the expression used to filter which rows are viewed in
the DataView. To form a RowFilter value, specify the name of a column followed by an operator and a
value to filter on. The value must be in quotes. For example:
"LastName = 'Smith'"
To return only those columns with null values, use the following expression:
"Isnull(Col1,'Null Column') = 'Null Column'"
After you set the RowFilter Property, ADO.NET hides (but does not eliminate) all rows in the
associated DataTable object's Rows collection that don't match the filter expression. The
DataView.Count property returns the number of rows remaining unhidden in the view.
Sorting the DataView
To sort a DataView, construct a sort expression string, note that the Sort property can accept any
number of columns on which to sort the Rows collection. For example use the the following sort
expression string:
"Price DESC, Title ASC"
Example
The following example illustrates how to filter and sort using the DataTable's DataView object.

using System;
using System.Data;

namespace Akadia.DataView
,
public class FilterJrder : System.Windows.Forms.Form
,
....
private DataSet ds;

public FilterJrder()
,
try
,

// Initializing
cn = new SqlConnection("
server=xeon;database=northwind;uid=sa;pwd=manager");
cmd = new SqlCommand("SELECT FRJM orders",cn);
da = new SqlDataAdapter(cmd);
ds = new DataSet();

// Load initial Data
RetrieveData();
,
,
Console.WriteLine();
,
,

// Retrieve Jrders from the DB into the DataGrid
private void RetrieveData()
,
try
,
da.Fill(ds,"Jrders");

// Fill Combobx with Column Names
FillSortCriteria();
,
,
,
,

// Fill Combobx with Column Names
private void FillSortCriteria()
,
try
,
// IF Combobox are already filled return ...
if (cmbSortArg.Items.Count 0)
,
return;
,
// ... else fill Comobox with Column Names
foreach (DataColumn dc in ds.Tables0,.Columns)
,
cmbSortArg.Items.Add(dc.Caption); // Sort Combobox
cmbFields.Items.Add(dc.Caption); // Filter on Column Combobox
,
,
,
,
,

// Setup the expression used to filter the rows which
// are viewed by the DefaultView
private void SetFilter(string strFilterExpression)
,
try
,
Apply Filter Expression
ds.Tables[0].DefaultView.RowFilter = strFilterExpression;

Gets the number of records in the DataView after
RowFilter and RowStateFilter have been applied.
if (ds.Tables[0].DefaultView.Count > 0)
{
DataGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0].DefaultView;
}
else
,
MessageBox.Show("Filter criteria does not meet criteria");
,
,
,
,
,

// Remove any existing Filter and ResultSet from a previous query
private void btnQuery_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try
,
// Clear DataSet
ds.Clear();

Clear Filter
ds.Tables[0].DefaultView.RowFilter = "";

// Re-Retrieve Data
RetrieveData();
,
,
,
,

// Sets the sort column or columns, and sort order for the DataView
private void btnSort_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try
,
string strSort;

// IF Radiobox "Ascending" is checked, then
// sort ascending ...
if (rbAsc.Checked)
,
strSort = cmbSortArg.Text + " ASC"; // Note space after "
,
// ... else descending
else
,
strSort = cmbSortArg.Text + " DESC"; // Note space after "
,

Apply Sort Criteria to the DataView
ds.Tables[0].DefaultView.Sort = strSort;
DataGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables[0].DefaultView;
,
,
,

,

// Setup specific Filter: "CutomerID LIKE 'xxx'"
private void btnFilterTitle_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try
,
SetFilter("CustomerID like '" + txtFilter.Text + "'");
,
,
,
,

// Setup the general Filter entered by the User
private void btnGeneralFilter_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try
,
SetFilter(txtGeneralFilter.Text);
,
,
,

,

// Setup the Column Filter entered by the User
private void btnFilteronColumn_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
,
try
,
SetFilter(cmbFields.Text + " " + txtFilterColumn.Text);
,
,
,
,

...

STAThread,
static void Main()
,
Application.Run(new FilterJrder());
,
,
,
Filtering and Sorting with the DataViewManager
If the DataSet contains multiple tables, an alternative is to create a DataViewManager object, which
works something like a DataSet global DataView. This new objects provides a single object that
manages a collection of DataView objects, each of which is associated with a specific DataTable in the
selected DataSet object. You can define individual DataView objects that sort or filter the data in each
DataTable; as a matter of fact, ADO.NET creates one for you as it creates each DataTable - all of
which can be managed by the DataViewManager.
You can use a DataViewManager to manage view settings for all the tables in a DataSet. If you have
a control that you want to bind to multiple tables, such as a grid thatnavigates relationships,
a DataViewManager is ideal.

The DataViewManager contains a collection of DataViewSetting objects that are used to set the
view setting of the tables in the DataSet. The DataViewSettingCollectioncontains one
DataViewSetting object for each table in a DataSet. You can set the default ApplyDefaultSort,
Sort, RowFilter, and RowStateFilter properties of the referenced table using its DataViewSetting.
You can reference the DataViewSetting for a particular table by name or ordinal reference, or by
passing a reference to that specific table object. You can access the collection of DataViewSetting
objects in a DataViewManager using the DataViewSettings property.
Example
The following code example fills a DataSet with the Northwind database Customers, Orders, and
Order Details tables, creates the relationships between the tables, uses a DataViewManager to set
default DataView settings, and binds a Datarid to the DataViewManager. The example sets the
default DataView settings for all tables in the DataSet to sort by the primary key of the table
(ApplyDefaultSort = true), and thenmodifies the sort order of the Customers table to sort by
CompanyName.

using System;
using System.Data;

namespace WithDataViewManager
,
public class MyDataViewManager : System.Windows.Forms.Form
,
private System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid dataGrid;

public MyDataViewManager()
,

// Create a Connection, DataAdapters, and a DataSet.
SqlConnection nwindConn = new SqlConnection(

SqlDataAdapter custDA = new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT FRJM Customers", nwindConn);
SqlDataAdapter orderDA = new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT FRJM Jrders", nwindConn);
SqlDataAdapter ordDetDA = new SqlDataAdapter(
"SELECT FRJM Jrder Details,", nwindConn);

DataSet custDS = new DataSet();

// Fill the DataSet with schema information and data.
custDA.MissingSchemaAction = MissingSchemaAction.AddWithKey;
orderDA.MissingSchemaAction = MissingSchemaAction.AddWithKey;
ordDetDA.MissingSchemaAction = MissingSchemaAction.AddWithKey;

custDA.Fill(custDS, "Customers");
orderDA.Fill(custDS, "Jrders");
ordDetDA.Fill(custDS, "JrderDetails");

// Create Relationships.
custDS.Relations.Add("CustomerJrders",
custDS.Tables"Customers",.Columns"CustomerID",,
custDS.Tables"Jrders",.Columns"CustomerID",);

custDS.Relations.Add("JrderDetails",
custDS.Tables"Jrders",.Columns"JrderID",,
custDS.Tables"JrderDetails",.Columns"JrderID",);

Create DataView settings for each Table
using the DataViewManager
DataViewManager myDVM = new DataViewManager(custDS);

// Loop through the DataViewSettings and set Sort
// or Rowfilter for each Table individually
String myTable;
foreach (DataViewSetting myDVS in myDVM.DataViewSettings)
,
Set Default Sort Order = Primary Key for all Tables
myDVS.ApplyDefaultSort = true;

Set individual Sort and Rowfilter ...
myTable = myDVS.Table.ToString();
if (myTable == "Customers")
{
myDVS.Sort = "CompanyName DESC";
}
if (myTable == "Orders")
{
myDVS.RowFilter = "OrderDate >= '01.03.1998'
AND OrderDate <= '31.03.1998'";
}
if (myTable == "OrderDetails")
{
myDVS.RowFilter = "ProductID = 35";
}
}

... or directly (the same as above)
myDVM.DataViewSettings["Customers"].Sort =
"CompanyName DESC";
myDVM.DataViewSettings["Orders"].RowFilter =
"OrderDate >= '01.03.1998' AND OrderDate <= '31.03.1998'";
myDVM.DataViewSettings["OrderDetails"].RowFilter =
"ProductID = 35";

Bind the DataViewManager to a DataGrid
dataGrid.SetDataBinding(myDVM, "Customers");
,

....
....

STAThread,
static void Main()
,
Application.Run(new MyDataViewManager());
,
,
,

CSharp Finding Rows in ADO

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