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Flow Characteristics
Determining Pressure Loss in Piping Systems Using the
INSTAFLEX Calculation Method
2.1 Determining Pipe Diameter
2.2 Manifold Distribution
2.3 Distribution Mains
2.4 Entire Installation
Blank INSTAFLEX Pressure Loss Table
British Method and Data
Calculation example based on C.I.B.S.E.
Excerpts from the C.I.B.S.E. guidelines
Simultaneous demand peak flow tables
Pressure loss and flow velocity tables
Equivalent pipe length tables
Flushing Times for Dead Legs
Terms, Symbols and Units
7.01
7.02
7.03
7.05
7.05
7.06
7.07
7.09
7.10
7.11 - 7.13
7.14
7.15
7.16 - 7.17
GEORGE FISCHER
7.01
approx. 1.5
bar
7.02
GEORGE FISCHER
Table 1a: Load units (LU) and pipe diameters for INSTAFLEX
polybutylene pipes and plastic fittings
max. number
LU (LV)
14
17
25
55
180
500
1100
16
20
25
32
140
550
1163
Pipe ID (mm)
11.6
14.4
20.4
26.0
132.6
540.8
1151.4
K value
5.08
7.6
4.23
drop = K x 10-1 x Qm
drop = mm H2O
Q = l/h
m = 2.026
/4"
GEORGE FISCHER
V
in
m/s 11
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
17
21
24
28
31
38
45
52
57
66
72
79
86
93
100
107
114
121
128
135
141
148
0.10 0.9
32
38
45
51
57
70
83
96
109
121
134
147
160
173
185
198
211
224
237
249
262
275
0.13 1.2
54
64
74
84
94 114
134
154
174
194
214
234
254
274
294
314
334
354
374
394
414
434
0.15 1.4
72
85
98
111
124
150
177
203
229
255
281
307
333
359
385
411
438
464
490
516
542
568
0.20 1.9
129
150
172
194
216
259
303
346
390
433
477
520
564
607
651
694
738
781
825
868
912
955
0.22 2.1
156
182
208
234
259
311
363
415
467
518
570
622
674
726
777
829
881
933
985 1036
1088
1140
0.25 2.4
200
232
265
297
329
394
459
524
589
653
718
783
848
913
977 1042
1107
1172
1237
1301
1366
1431
0.30 2.8
274
319
364
409
454
544
634
723
813
903
993 1083
1173
1263
1353
1443
1533
1622
1712
1802
1892
1982
0.35 3.3
375
434
494
553
612
731
850
969 1088
1206
1325
1444
1563
1682
1800
1919
0.40 3.8
490
566
642
717
793
944 1096
1247
1549
1700
1852
2003
0.50 4.7
746
860
973
1882
7.04
1398
GEORGE FISCHER
V
in
m/s
1.5
12
12.5
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
10
11
14
16
19
21
24
26
29
31
34
36
39
41
44
46
49
51
54
0.10 0.6
12
14
17
19
21
26
31
35
40
44
49
54
58
63
67
72
77
81
86
90
95
100
0.13 0.8
20
24
27
31
35
42
49
57
64
71
78
86
93
100
108
115
122
130
137
144
151
159
0.15 0.9
26
31
36
40
45
54
64
73
82
91
101
110
119
129
138
147
157
166
175
184
194
203
0.20 1.2
46
53
61
69
76
92
107
123
138
153
169
184
200
215
230
246
261
277
292 307
323
338
0.22 1.4
55
64
73
82
91
110
128
146
165
183
201
220
238
256
274
293
311
329
348
366
384
403
0.25 1.5
70
81
93
104
116
138
161
184
207
230
252
275
298
321
344
366
389
412
435
458
480
503
115
131
147
163
194
226
258
289
321
352
384
416
447
479
510
542
574
605
637
668
700
155
176
196
217
259
300
342
384
425
467
508
550
592
633
675
716
758
800
841
883
924
200
226
253
279
332
385
438
491
544
597
650
703
755
808
861
914
967 1020
1073
1126
1179
307
347
386
426
505
584
663
742
821
900
980
1059
1138
1217
1296
1375
1612
1691
1771
439
494
549
604
714
824
934
1045
1155
1265 1375
1485
1705
1815
1925
589
661
734
807
953 1099
1245
1391
1536
1682 1828
1974
759
852
1597
1783
1969
1454
1533
7
2.3 Distribution mains
GEORGE FISCHER
7.05
10
11
Date
Project Name
Job Reference
Notes
3
Pipe
Size
Name
Pressure
Loss Total
(pascals)
mbar
2
Pipe
Length
Total
Fittings
Pressure
Loss/metre Equivalent Pipe
(pascals/m) Length Length
m
m
mbar/m
p =
Pressure
Loss
(pascals)
mbar
Load
Units
m
Pipe
References
l/s
George Fischer permit photocopying of this sheet for use in sizing INSTAFLEX Piping Schemes
of
Sheet
Explaination
INSTAFLEX
GEORGE FISCHER
7.06
5.1/3
16/1
5 DU/0.15 l/
3 DU/0.15
s
l/s
5 DU/0.1 l/
3 DU/0.15 l/
s
s
11DU/0.3 l/s
5.2/8
16/2.5
4/11
16/2.5
48 DU
DN 20
1.4/14
16/1.5
Section/number of DU(VR)
Pipe / section length
1.3/9
16/2
1.2/6
16/1.5
1.1/3
16/1
2/5
16/3
12 DU/0.3 l/
s
3/12
16/3
1 LU equal to 3 DU
3m
3m
3m
48 DU
48 DU
24 DU
24 DU
0.5 m
48 DU
24 DU
24 DU
48 DU
48 DU
48 DU
1.2/96
25/3
48 DU
1.3/144
32/3
48 DU
1m
48 DU
1.1/48
25/3.5
48 DU
2m
6m
8m
1.4/192
40/5
4m
1.5/624
40/2
TWE
312 DU
1.6/936
50/5
5m
GEORGE FISCHER
7.07
Date
Example
XXXXX
Pipe
References
Load
Units
Flow
Rate
Pipe
Length
Pipe
Size
1.1
0.15
1.0
16
72
1.2
0.3
1.5
16
319
1.3
0.3
2.0
16
364
1.4
14
0.3
1.5
16
319
Sheet
1
Pressure
Fittings
Total
Loss/metre Equivalent Pipe
(pascals/m) Length Length
o.d.mm
mbar/m
m
m
10
Pressure
Loss
(pascals)
mbar
Pressure
Loss Total
(pascals)
mbar
11
1074
Column 9. Determining the
total pressure loss for
the section, including all
bends. From tables 2 & 3
on pages 11.04 & 11.05
0.15
3.0
16
124
124
12
0.3
3.0
16
454
454
11
0.3
2.5
16
409
409
Section
Section
Section
Section
369
Section 5
5.1
0.15
1.0
16
72
5.2
0.25
2.5
16
297
For
1
2
3
4
p = 1074mbar
= 107400Pa
of 2
Explaination
Notes
l/s
Name
XXXXX
Project Name
Apartment Distribution
Job Reference
INSTAFLEX
George Fischer permit photocopying of this sheet for use in sizing INSTAFLEX Piping Schemes
C.I.B.S.E.
Project Name
Date
Example
XXXX
Pipe
References
Load
Units
Flow
Rate
Pipe
Length
Pipe
Size
l/s
Sheet
2
XXXX
10
Pressure
Loss
(pascals)
mbar
Pressure
Loss Total
(pascals)
mbar
8100
8100
Value
48
0.3
1.1
48
0.3
3.5
25
617
1.8
5.3
3270
11370
1.2
96
0.5
3.0
25
1500
3.0
4500
15870
1.3
144
0.6
3.0
32
640
3.0
1920
17790
1.4
192
0.8
5.0
40
360
2.8
7.3
1228
20418
1.5
624
1.8
2.0
40
1500
1.8
3.8
5700
26118
1.6
936
2.5
5.0
50
920
1.6
6.6
6072
32190
11
p =
32190
of 2
Explaination
Notes
8
Pressure
Fittings
Total
Loss/metre Equivalent Pipe
(pascals/m) Length Length
o.d.mm
mbar/m
m
m
DN 20
Name
Job Reference
INSTAFLEX
George Fischer permit photocopying of this sheet for use in sizing INSTAFLEX Piping Schemes
GEORGE FISCHER
Sanitary appliance
Fitting
Flow rate
(litre/second)
Basin (spray)
Basin (tap)
Bath (private)
Bath (public)
Flushing system
0.05
0.15
0.3
0.6
0.1
Shower (nozzle)
Shower (100mm rose)*
Sink (15mm tap)
Sink (20m tap)
Wash fountain
0.15
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.4
Type of application
Congested Public
Private
Basin*
Bath
Sink
10
47
43
5
25
22
3
12
11
Urinal**
WC (13.5 litre)
WC (9 litre)
35
22
15
10
8
5
GEORGE FISCHER
Note: For approximate pipe sizes using tables 1a and 1b on page 7.03.
1 Load Unit (LU) equals 3 Demand Units from Table B4.21 above
7.09
7.10
GEORGE FISCHER
0.0
2.6
4.6
6.4
8.3
10.0
11 .8
13.5
15.2
16.9
18.6
20.3
21 .9
23.6
25.2
26.9
28.5
30.2
31 .8
33.5
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
11000
12000
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
0
1000
2000
3000
Demand
units
0.5
2.8
4.8
6.6
100
28.6
30.3
31 .9
33.5
22.0
23.7
25.3
27.0
15.3
17.0
18.7
20.3
28.7
30.3
32.0
33.6
22.1
23.8
25.4
27.1
15.4
17.1
18.8
20.4
8.3
8.4
10.1 10.2
11 .9 11 .9
13.6 13.7
0.3
2.7
4.7
6.5
50
28.8
30.4
32.1
33.7
22.2
23.8
25.5
27.1
15.5
17.2
18.8
20.5
8.5
10.3
12.0
13.7
0.6
2.9
4.9
6.7
150
28.9
30.5
32.1
33.8
22.3
23.9
25.6
27.2
15.5
17.2
18.9
20.6
8.6
10.4
12.1
13.8
0.8
3.0
5.0
6.8
200
29.0
30.6
32.2
33.9
22.3
24.0
25.7
27.3
15.6
17.3
19.0
20.7
8.7
10.5
12.2
13.9
0.9
3.1
5.1
6.9
250
29.0
30.7
32.3
33.9
22.4
24.1
25.7
27.4
15.7
17.4
19.1
20.8
8.8
10.5
12.3
14.0
1 .0
3.2
5.1
7.0
300
29.1
30.8
32.4
34.0
22.5
24.2
25.8
27.5
15.8
17.5
19.2
20.8
8.9
10.6
12.4
14.1
1 .2
3.3
5.2
7.1
350
29.2
30.8
32.5
34.1
22.6
24.3
25.9
27.6
15.9
17.6
19.3
20.9
9.0
10.7
12.5
14.2
1 .3
3.4
5.3
7.2
400
29.3
30.9
32.6
34.2
22.7
24.4
26.0
27.6
16.0
17.7
19.3
21 .0
9.1
10.8
12.5
14.3
1 .4
3.5
5.4
7.3
450
Design demand
(litre/s)
29.4
31 .0
32.6
34.3
22.8
24.5
26.1
27.7
16.0
17.7
19.4
21 .1
9.1
10.9
12.6
14.3
1 .5
3.6
5.5
7.4
500
29.4
31 .1
32.7
34.3
22.8
24.5
26.2
27.8
16.1
17.8
19.5
21 .2
9.2
11 .0
12.7
14.4
1 .6
3.7
5.6
7.4
550
29.5
31 .2
32.8
34.4
22.9
24.6
26.2
27.9
16.2
17.9
19.6
21 .3
9.3
11 .1
12.8
14.5
1 .7
3.8
5.7
7.5
600
29.6
31 .2
32.9
34.5
23.0
24.7
26.3
28.0
16.3
18.0
19.7
21 .3
9.4
11 .2
12.9
14.6
1 .9
3.9
5.8
7.6
650
2.1
4.1
6.0
7.8
750
2.2
4.2
6.1
7.9
800
16.5
18.2
19.8
21 .5
29.7
31 .3
33.0
34.6
29.8
31 .4
33.0
34.7
23.1 23.2
24.7 24.8
26.4 26..5
28.0 28.1
16.4
18.1
19.8
21 .4
29.9
31 .5
33.1
34.8
23.3
24.9
26.6
28.2
16.6
18.2
19.9
21 .6
9.5
9.6
9.7
11 .2 11 .3 11 .4
13.0 13.1 13.1
14.7 14.8 14.9
2.0
4.0
5.9
7.7
700
29.9
31 .6
33.2
34.8
23.3
25.0
26.6
28.3
16.6
18.3
20.0
21 .7
9.8
11 .5
13.2
14.9
2.3
4.3
6.2
8.0
850
2.5
4.5
6.4
8.2
950
30.0
31 .7
33.3
34.9
23.4
25.1
26.7
28.4
16.7
18.4
20.1
21 .8
30.1
31 .7
33.4
35.0
23.5
25.2
26.8
28.5
16.8
18.5
20.2
21 .8
9.8 9.9
11 .6 11 .7
13.3 13.4
15.0 15.1
2.4
4.4
6.3
8.1
900
Table:
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
12.5
15.0
17.5
20.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
30.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.5
60.0
62.5
65.0
67.5
70.0
72.5
75.0
77.5
80.0
82.5
85.0
87.5
90.0
92.5
95.0
97.5
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
0.003
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.004
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.006
0.006
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.012
0.013
0.013
0.014
0.014
0.015
0.015
0.016
0.016
0.017
0.017
0.018
0.018
0.019
0.019
0.020
0.020
0.021
0.021
0.022
0.022
0.023
0.023
0.024
0.027
0.030
0.032
0.5
GEORGE FISCHER
0.006
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.008
0.008
0.009
0.009
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.011
0.012
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.018
0.019
0.020
0.021
0.022
0.023
0.024
0.025
0.026
0.027
0.028
0.029
0.030
0.031
0.031
0.032
0.033
0.034
0.034
0.035
0.036
0.037
0.037
0.038
0.039
0.039
0.040
0.040
0.041
0.041
0.042
0.046
0.050
0.054
0.013
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.017
0.018
0.018
0.019
0.019
0.020
0.023
0.025
0.028
0.030
0.033
0.035
0.038
0.040
0.043
0.045
0.048
0.050
0.053
0.055
0.058
0.060
0.063
0.065
0.068
0.070
0.073
0.075
0.078
0.080
0.083
0.085
0.088
0.090
0.093
0.095
0.098
0.100
0.103
0.105
0.108
0.110
0.120
0.130
0.140
32mm
40mm
0.030
0.033
0.036
0.039
0.042
0.045
0.047
0.049
0.051
0.053
0.055
0.060
0.066
0.074
0.080
0.085
0.090
0.095
0.100
0.105
0.110
0.115
0.120
0.125
0.130
0.135
0.140
0.144
0.148
0.152
0.156
0.160
0.164
0.168
0.172
0.176
0.180
0.184
0.188
0.192
0.196
0.200
0.204
0.208
0.212
0.216
0.220
0.240
0.260
0.285
0.065
0.070
0.075
0.079
0.082
0.085
0.088
0.091
0.094
0.097
0.100
0.110
0.120
0.130
0.140
0.150
0.160
0.170
0.180
0.190
0.200
0.210
0.220
0.229
0.238
0.247
0.256
0.264
0.272
0.280
0.287
0.294
0.301
0.308
0.315
0.322
0.329
0.336
0.342
.0348
0.364
0.370
0.376
0.382
0.388
0.394
0.40
0.44
0.48
0.51
50mm
63mm
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.22
0.24
0.26
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.33
0.34
0.36
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.47
0.48
0.50
0.51
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.61
0.62
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.72
0.80
0.87
0.94
0.34
0.36
0.38
0.40
0.41
0.43
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.65
0.67
0.70
0.72
0.75
0.77
0.80
0.82
0.85
0.87
0.89
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.99
1 .01
1 .03
1 .06
1 .08
1 .10
1 .13
1 .15
1 .17
1 .20
1 .22
1 .24
1 .26
1 .28
1 .30
1 .32
1 .34
1 .48
1 .61
1 .74
1.0
Velocity Pressure
Drop
75mm 90mm 110mm (m/s) (pascals)
0.42
0.44
0.46
0.48
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62
0.70
0.78
0.86
0.92
0.97
1 .02
1 .07
1 .12
1 .18
1 .23
1 .28
1 .32
1 .37
1 .41
1 .45
1 .49
1 .53
1 .56
1 .59
1 .62
1 .66
1 .69
1 .72
1 .75
1 .79
1 .82
1 .85
1 .88
1 .91
1 .94
1 .97
2.00
2.03
2.06
2.09
2.12
2.35
2.57
2.79
0.70
0.74
0.78
0.82
0.85
0.88
0.95
0.98
1 .01
1 .04
1 .14
1 .24
1 .24
1 .34
1 .44
1 .53
1 .62
1 .71
1 .80
1 .88
1 .96
2.04
2.12
2.19
2.26
2.33
2.40
2.47
2.53
2.60
2.66
2.72
2.78
2.84
2.90
2.95
3.00
3.50
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.85
4.20
4.55
1 .10
1 .16
1 .21
1 .27
1 .33
1 .38
1 .43
1 .48
1 .53
1 .54
1 .62
1 .84
2.04
2.22
2.39
2.55
2.70
2.85
2.99
3.12
3.25
3.37
3.50
3.62
3.75
3.87
4.00
4.12
4.25
4.37
4.50
4.62
4.75
4.87
5.00
5.12
5.25
5.37
5.50
5.62
5.75
5.87
6.00
6.12
6.25
6.37
6.50
7.00
8.00
9.00
0.5
1 .0
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
12.5
15.0
17.5
20.0
22.5
25.0
27.5
30.0
32.5
35.0
37.5
40.0
42.5
45.0
47.5
50.0
52.5
55.0
57.0
60.0
62.5
65.0
67.0
70.0
72.0
75.0
77.5
80.0
82.5
85.0
87.5
90.0
92.5
95.0
97.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
1.5
7.11
1.0
0.5
Pressure
Drop
(pascals)
180.0
200.0
220.0
240.0
260.0
280.0
300.0
320.0
340.0
360.0
380.0
400.0
420.0
440.0
460.0
480.0
500.0
520.0
540.0
560.0
580.0
600.0
620.0
640.0
660.0
680.0
700.0
720.0
740.0
760.0
780.0
800.0
820.0
840.0
860.0
880.0
900.0
920.0
940.0
960.0
980.0
1000.0
1100.0
1200.0
1300.0
1400.0
1500.0
1600.0
1700.0
1800.0
0.5
1 .0
1.5
7.12
0.034
0.036
0.037
0.039
0.041
0.042
0.043
0.045
0.046
0.047
0.049
0.050
0.051
0.053
0.054
0.055
0.057
0.058
0.059
0.061
0.062
0.063
0.065
0.066
0.067
0.069
0.070
0.071
0.073
0.074
0.075
0.077
0.078
0.079
0.080
0.082
0.083
0.084
0.085
0.087
0.088
0.089
0.094
0.098
0.102
0.106
0.110
0.114
0.118
0.122
0.058
0.061
0.064
0.067
0.070
0.074
0.078
0.089
0.084
0.087
0.090
0.093
0.096
0.098
0.100
0.103
0.105
0.107
0.109
0.111
0.113
0.115
0.117
0.199
0.121
0.123
0.125
0.127
0.129
0.131
0.133
0.135
0.137
0.139
0.141
0.143
0.145
0.147
0.149
0.151
0.153
0.155
0.164
0.173
0.181
0.189
0.197
0.204
0.211
0.218
0.150
0.160
0.168
0.176
0.184
0.192
0.200
0.207
0.214
0.221
0.228
0.235
0.241
0.247
0.253
0.259
0.265
0.271
0.277
0.283
0.289
0.295
0.301
0.307
0.313
0.319
0.325
0.331
0.337
0.343
0.349
0.355
0.360
0.365
0.370
0.375
0.380
0.384
0.388
0.392
0.396
0.400
0.420
0.440
0.460
0.480
0.500
0.520
0.540
0.560
2.0
1.5
Velocity
32mm
0.300
0.315
0.330
0.345
0.360
0.375
0.390
0.405
0.420
0.435
0.450
0.465
0.480
0.495
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.65
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.82
0.86
0.90
0.94
0.97
1 .01
1 .04
1 .08
2.5
40mm
50mm
0.54
0.57
0.59
0.62
0.65
0.68
0.71
0.74
0.77
0.80
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1 .00
1 .02
1 .04
1 .06
1 .08
1 .10
1 .12
1 .14
1 .16
1 .18
1 .20
1 .22
1 .24
1 .26
1 .28
1 .30
1 .32
1 .34
1 .36
1 .38
1 .40
1 .42
1 .44
1 .52
1 .60
1 .67
1 .73
1 .80
1 .86
1 .92
1 .98
1 .00
1 .06
1 .12
1 .18
1 .23
1 .29
1 .32
1 .38
1 .43
1 .48
1 .52
1 .56
1 .60
1 .64
1 .68
1 .72
1 .76
1 .80
1 .84
1 .88
1 .92
1 .96
2.00
2.04
2.07
2.10
2.14
2.17
2.20
2.24
2.27
2.30
2.34
2.37
2.40
2.44
2.47
2.50
2.53
2.56
2.59
2.62
2.75
2.88
3.01
3.14
3.26
3.38
3.50
3.61
3.0
63mm
75mm
90mm
1 .86
1 .98
2.09
2.20
2.30
2.40
2.49
2.58
2.67
2.76
2.85
2.94
3.02
3.10
3.18
3.25
3.32
3.39
3.46
3.52
3.58
3.64
3.70
3.76
3.82
3.88
3.95
4.02
4.08
4.14
4.20
4.26
4.32
4.38
4.44
4.50
4.56
4.62
4.68
4.73
4.78
4.83
5.09
5.34
5.58
5.81
6.03
6.25
6.46
6.66
3.00
3.15
3.30
3.45
3.60
3.74
3.88
4.02
4.16
4.30
4.44
4.58
4.72
4.86
5.00
5.13
5.26
5.37
5.48
5.59
5.70
5.80
5.90
6.00
6.10
6.20
6.30
6.40
6.50
6.60
6.70
6.80
6.90
7.00
7.10
7.20
7.30
7.38
7.46
7.54
7.62
7.70
8.10
8.50
8.90
9.30
9.60
9.90
10.30
10.60
4.90
5.20
5.50
5.75
6.00
6.25
6.50
6.75
7.00
7.20
7.40
7.60
7.80
8.00
8.20
8.40
8.60
8.80
8.98
9.15
9.32
9.50
9.67
9.84
10.01
10.18
10.35
10.51
10.67
10.83
10.99
11 .15
11 .30
11 .45
11 .60
11 .75
11 .90
12.05
12.19
12.33
12.47
12.60
13.30
13.90
14.50
15.10
15.70
16.25
16.80
17.30
3.5
4.0
4.5
Pressure
Drop
110mm (m/s) (pascals)
9.50
9.90
10.50
10.85
11 .20
11 .50
11 .70
12.00
12.35
12.65
13.00
13.30
13.65
14.00
14.25
14.50
14.75
15.00
15.35
15.70
16.00
16.30
16.60
16.90
17.20
17.50
17.75
18.00
18.25
18.50
18.75
19.00
19.30
19.60
19.85
20.10
30.35
20.60
20.90
21 .20
21 .50
21 .75
23.00
24.20
24.90
25.80
26.90
27.75
28.50
29.10
1 .5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
180.0
200.0
220.0
240.0
260.0
280.0
300.0
320.0
340.0
360.0
380.0
400.0
420.0
440.0
460.0
480.0
500.0
520.0
540.0
560.0
580.0
600.0
620.0
640.0
660.0
680.0
700.0
720.0
740.0
760.0
780.0
800.0
820.0
840.0
860.0
880.0
900.0
920.0
90.0
960.0
980.0
1000.0
1100.0
1200.0
1300.0
1400.0
1500.0
1600.0
1700.0
1800.0
5.0
GEORGE FISCHER
1.5
2.0
1900.0
2000.0
2250.0
2500.0
2750.0
3000.0
3250.0
3500.0
3750.0
4000.0
4250.0
4500.0
4750.0
5000.0
5250.0
5500.0
5750.0
6000.0
6250.0
6500.0
6750.0
7000.0
7250.0
7500.0
7750.0
8000.0
8250.0
8500.0
8750.0
9000.0
9250.0
9500.0
9750.0
10000.0
12000.0
14000.0
16000.0
18000.0
20000.0
22000.0
24000.0
26000.0
28000.0
30000.0
32000.0
34000.0
36000.0
38000.0
40000.0
1 .5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
GEORGE FISCHER
0.126
0.130
0.140
0.150
0.157
0.164
0.173
0.180
0.187
0.193
0.200
0.206
0.212
0.218
0.224
0.230
0.235
0.240
0.245
0.250
0.255
0.260
0.265
0.270
0.275
0.280
0.285
0.290
0.295
0.300
0.305
0.310
0.315
0.320
0.355
0.380
0.405
0.430
0.455
0.480
0.505
0.530
0.555
0.580
0.600
0.620
0.640
0.660
0.680
0.224
0.230
0.245
0.260
0.275
0.290
0.305
0.320
0.335
0.350
0.360
0.370
0.380
0.390
0.400
0.410
0.420
0.430
0.440
0.450
0.458
0.466
0.474
0.482
0.490
0.500
0.508
0.516
0.524
0.532
0.540
0.550
0.560
0.570
0.630
0.680
0.730
0.780
0.820
0.870
0.910
0.950
0.990
1 .030
1 .070
1 .110
0.580
0.600
0.640
0.680
0.715
0.750
0.780
0.810
0.840
0.870
0.900
0.930
0.960
0.990
1 .020
1 .050
1 .075
1 .100
1 .125
1 .150
1 .170
1 .190
1 .210
1 .230
1 .250
1 .270
1 .300
1 .310
1 .330
1 .360
1 .380
1 .400
1 .420
1 .440
1 .600
1 .750
1 .900
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Velocity
32mm
40mm
50mm
1 .11
1 .15
1 .23
1 .30
1 .37
1 .43
1 .49
1 .55
1 .61
1 .67
1 .73
1 .79
1 .85
1 .90
1 .95
2.00
2.05
2.10
2.15
2.20
2.24
2.28
2.32
2.36
2.40
2.44
2.48
2.52
2.56
2.60
2.64
2.68
2.72
2.76
2.04
2.10
2.25
2.40
2.52
2.64
2.76
2.88
3.00
3.09
3.18
3.27
3.36
3.45
3.54
3.63
3.72
3.81
3.90
3.98
4.06
4.14
4.22
4.30
4.38
4.46
4.54
3.72
3.83
4.07
4.31
4.54
4.76
4.97
5.18
5.38
5.55
5.75
5.93
6.11
6.29
6.45
6.61
6.76
6.90
7.03
7.15
7.26
7.36
63mm
6.86 10.90
7.06 11 .25
7.53 12.00
7.98 12.70
8.41 13.35
8.82 14.00
9.21 14.60
9.58 15.15
10.03
10.36
10.66
17.80
18.30
19.55
20.70
21 .75
22.70
23.55
29.65
30.15
(m/s)
Pressure
Drop
(pascals)
19.00.0
2000.0
2250.0
2500.0
2750.0
3000.0
3250.0
3500.0
3750.0
4000.0
4250.0
4500.0
4750.0
5000.0
5250.0
5500.0
5750.0
6000.0
6250.0
5.5 6500.0
6750.0
7000.0
7250.0
7500.0
7750.0
8000.0
8250.0
8500.0
8750.0
9000.0
9250.0
9500.0
9750.0
10000.0
12000.0
14000.0
6.0 16000.0
18000.0
20000.0
22000.0
24000.0
26000.0
28000.0
30000.0
32000.0
34000.0
36000.0
38000.0
40000.0
5.0
7.13
Table 4b: Equivalent pipe lengths for socket fusion & electro fusion fittings
PB pipe dimension o.d. mm
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
75
90
110
Item
Elbow 90
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.7
2.1
2.6
3.2
Elbow 45
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.5
1.9
2.4
1 3 0.6
1 2 0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.7
3.2
3.7
4.2
4.8
5.4
5.9
6.6
7.0
T-equal
1
3
2
Stop cock
Non return valve
Tap
4.0 7.0
2.5 4.3
3.7 11.8
T-reduced
10.0 13.0
5.6 6.0
22.0
16.0 22.0
7.9 11.5
34.0
Straight-through tees, sockets, reducers, unions are not included because their
equivalent pipe length values are to low
7.14
Properties
Value
Unit
Standard
Density
0.93
g/cm3
DIN 53479
Melt temperature
122128
DTA
113
DIN 53735
18
ASTM D-746
Fusion heat
100
kJ/kg
DSC
Thermal conductivity
0.22
W/mK
DIN 52612
0.13
mm/mK
DIN 53752
Modulus of elasticity
350
MPa
DIN 53457
Shore hardness
53
D-Scale
ISO 8608
Impact resistance
40
(0 C) kJ/m2
DIN 53453
Ultimate elongation
125
DIN 53457
Tensile strength
33
MPa
DIN 53455
Yield stress
17
MPa
DIN 53455
GEORGE FISCHER
Flow in l/s
10.07
10.10
10.15
10.20
10.25
10.30
0.50
16
20
25
32
40
50
63
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
o.d.
o.d.
o.d.
o.d.
o.d.
o.d.
o.d.
= 0.10 l/m
= 0.16 l/m
= 0.33 l/m
= 0.53 l/m
= 0.83 l/m
= 1.31 l/m
= 2.07 l/m
Calculation of
flushing time t
t =
Pipeline length in m
VL
V
2.8
2.0
1.3
1.0
5.7
4.0
2.7
2.0
1.6
1.3
8.6
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.4
2.0
1.2
11.4
8.0
5.3
4.0
3.2
2.7
1.6
10
14.3
10.0
6.7
5.0
4.0
3.3
2.0
12
17.1
12.0
8.0
6.0
4.8
4.0
2.4
14
20.0
14.0
9.3
7.0
5.6
4.7
2.8
16
22.8
16.0
10.7
8.0
6.4
5.6
3.2
18
25.7
18.0
12.0
9.0
7.2
6.0
3.6
20
28.6
20.0
13.3
10.0
8.0
6.7
4.0
22
31.4
22.0
14.7
11.0
8.8
7.3
4.4
24
34.3
24.0
16.0
12.0
9.6
8.0
4.8
26
37.1
26.0
17.3
13.0
10.4
8.7
5.2
28
40.0
28.0
18.7
14.0
11.2
9.3
5.6
30
42.8
30.0
20.0
15.0
12.0
10.0
6.0
Pipeline
20mm o.d.
Flow in l/s
10.07
10.10
10.15
10.20
10.25
10.30
10.50
10.60
11.00
Pipeline length in m
GEORGE FISCHER
4.6
3.2
2.1
1.6
1.3
1.1
9.1
6.4
4.3
3.2
3.6
2.1
1.3
1.1
13.7
9.6
6.4
4.8
3.8
3.2
1.9
1.6
1.0
18.3
12.8
8.5
6.4
5.1
4.3
2.6
2.2
1.3
10
22.8
16.0
10.7
8.0
6.4
5.3
3.2
2.7
1.6
12
27.4
19.2
12.8
9.6
7.7
6.4
3.8
3.2
1.9
14
32.0
22.4
15.0
11.2
9.0
7.5
4.5
3.7
2.2
16
36.6
25.6
17.1
12.8
10.2
8.5
5.1
4.3
2.6
18
41.1
28.8
19.2
14.4
11.5
9.6
5.8
4.8
2.9
20
45.7
32.0
21.3
16.0
12.8
10.7
6.4
5.3
3.2
22
50.3
35.2
23.5
17.6
14.1
11.7
7.0
5.9
3.5
24
54.8
38.4
25.6
19.2
15.4
12.8
7.7
6.4
3.8
26
59.4
41.6
27.7
20.8
16.8
13.8
8.4
6.9
4.2
28
64.0
44.8
29.9
22.4
18.0
15.0
9.0
7.5
4.5
30
68.6
48.0
32.0
24.0
19.2
16.1
9.6
8.0
4.8
7.15
Symbol
Unit
Definition
m/s
Volume
m3
Flow area
m2
.
V
Outlet flow
VE
Highest
outlet flow
V0
Least
outlet flow
Vmin
Calculated flow
VR
l/s
Quantity of water volume, which
m3/h
flows through a certain flow area,
in a specific amount of time
l/s
l/s
l/s
l/s
VR =
7.16
Total flow
.
V
Peak flow
Vmin
+ V0
2
l/s
Vs
l/s
Stationary pressure
pR
bar,
mbar,
Pa
Flow pressure
pFI
bar,
mbar,
Pa
pmin FI
bar,
mbar,
Pa
pmin V
bar
mbar
Pa
bar
mbar
Pa
pgeo
bar
mbar
Pa
geo hgeo = g
GEORGE FISCHER
Term
Symbol
Unit
Definition
pverf
bar,
mbar,
Pa
bar/m,
mbar/m,
Pa/m
l R
bar,
mbar,
Pa
Rverf
bar/m,
mbar/m,
Pa/m
bar,
mbar,
Pa
2
Z=
2
Pipe length
di
mm
Resistance value,
pipe friction value
Pipe roughness
PB roughness factor
rf = 0.007
Loss value
Density
kg/m3
Reynolds number
Re
Kinematic viscosity
m2/s
di
Re =
Pump flow
.
V
Pump pressure
pP
m3/h
mbar,
bar,
Pa
pump
GEORGE FISCHER
7.17