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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I hereby take this opportune moment to express my deep sense oI gratitude to our
Project Head Mr. R.C. SINGH (EXECUTIVE-ENGINEER) Ior their unstinted
support and encouragement to me. I express my heartIelt thanks to project
teammates:
Mr. BHARAT SINGH (QUALITY HEAD)
Mr. PANKAJ KUMAR (BILLING ENGINEER)
Mr. PRABHAT (SITE ENGINEER)
For being a source oI guidance and inspiration Ior me during this period. His
wonderIul style oI mentoring has surely made my summer training a great learning
experience I would also like to oIIer my indebtedness to everyone involved with
the project Ior their ever willingness to extend technical support throughout this
period. I express my sincere thanks to all the people associated with the project Ior
their Iriendly and helpIul attitude.





SUMMER TRAINEE:
ABHIJEET SINGH
IIMT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
ABSTRACT

The purpose oI this report is to give a brieI idea about what has been done during
the summer training. This report comprises oI various things and knowledge I got
during the summer training. Broadly, the various activities which made a part oI
our summer training were Exposure, Laying oI Components oI a building viz.
Ioundation, walls etc., Planning and Project Management.

The next section enlists the various routine tasks and any special assignments
handled by the staII & a brieI description oI the trainings that we had the
opportunity to undergo. Shuttering, ScaIIolding, Concreting, De-shuttering,
Brickwork Column casting, Beam casting and slab casting have been lucidly
described.


On the whole, this report gives a clear picture about my 4 weeks summer training
in UPAEVP during my tenure as a Summer Trainee.




&!AEV!
With growing expertise in Housing & Development, U.P.H.D.B. has diversiIied its
activities in procurement and execution oI deposit works Ior various State/Central
Government Departrnents/Undertakings on turnkey basis. To achieve this objective
Global Construction & Consultancy Cell was created in the year 1993 to cater the
needs oI our esteem clients.
The Cell is an independent, selI sustaine d, autonomous wing oI U.P.H.D.B. with
the aim to generate & execute projects Ior various State/Central Govt. Departments
and private institutions. U.P.H.D.B. has set a mission to achieve a turnover oI Rs.
1000 crores with Global Construction & Consultancy Cell in the next 5 years. The
cell visualizes the Iollowing as its strength
1. Keeping pace with Technology Advancement.
2. Total Quality Control
3. Total Solution Provider Approach towards Clients
4. Time Management
5. Continuous Growth
6. A homogeneous mix oI Engineers at diIIerent levels.
7. Having exclusive and independent construction units all over the state under
the direct control oI the Director, Global Construction & Consultancy cell.
8. The Director at his discretion can use the expertise oI any proIessional oI
U.P.H.D.B.
9. U.P.I-I.D.B. is a team oI highly qualiIied, eIIicient, proIessionals Ior
specialized jobs.
10.The Team comprises oI:
O Technical wing having more than 900 Engineers at Senior, Middle & Junior
Level.
O Architecture wing having 25 Architects at Senior, Middle & Junior Level.
O The Board is well equipped with latest Tools, Machinery and Plants
reinIorced with Hi Tech Computer section having latest hardwares and
soItwares along with in house capabilities oI G.I.S. & Digitization etc
.
O U.P.H.D.B. has a well established quality control system. The board has one
Central laboratory and regional testing laboratories at every unit level.
O With a view to innovate and evolve new building materials and practices
U.P.H.D.B. has established its own Building Centres at 4 places in the state.
New materials produced at these centers are being used in various projects.
O Some oI our satisIied clients are Customs & Central Excise, Trade Tax,
Health Department, Revenue Department, Education Departrnen Navodbaya
Vidhaylya, Ho t, rticulture Department Animal Husbandry Deptt Bhoomi
Sudhar Nigam, B.H.E.L., S.I.D.B.I., Central Water Commission etc.
MILE STONES ACHIEVED SO FAR LIST OF
DEPOSIT WORKS
Revenue Department:
O New District Head Quarters Buildings:
O Kanpur Dehat (Collectorate Building & Residences) (Rs. 6.9 Crore)
O Kushi Nagar (Collectorate Building & Residences) (Rs. 7.5 Crore)
O Ambedkar Nagar (Collectorate Building) (Rs. 5.0 Crore)
O Tehsil Buildings at various places in U.P. (Rs. 16 Crore)
Medical & Health Department:
O 300 Bedded Hospital at Farrukhabad (Rs. 13.03 Crore)
O 100 Bedded Hospital at Kanpur Dehat (Rs. 13.51 Crore) (In Progress)
O Medical Training Centres under Indian Population Project-6 Subeentres,
CMO OIIices, Eye ward & O.T. , Ladies Hoste 1, Operation Theaters, Blood
Bank, Ward Block, Patient Relation Shed, Chirghar, Upcharika Avas,
Primary & Community Health Centres, etc. at various towns oI U.P. (Rs.
46.38 Crores).
B.H.E.L:
O Development works & Construction oI 123 SFS Houses at Ranipur,
Harldwar (Rs. 15.96 Crore)
Gramya Vikas Vibbag:
O Vikas Bhawan at, Kanpur Dehat and Kushi Nagar (Rs. 4.42 Crore)
Bhoomi Sudbar Nigam:
O OIIice cum residence at 10 places and Drainage work at,..&.districts oI U.P.
(Rs. 14.33 Crore)
Customs & Central Excise:
O OIIice and Residential Complexs at meerut, MuzaIInagar, Haldwani,
Kanpur, Rampur, Roorkee, Moradabad and Dehradun (Rs. 19.15 Crore)
Mohan Nagar, Cooperative Societies:
O Development oI Housing Colonies at Ghaziabad (Rs. 8.82 Crore)
Horticulture Department:
O Development oI Housing Colonies at Ghaziabad (Rs. 8.82 Crore)
Higher Education:
O Govt. Degree Colleges at Jhansi, Lalitpur, Unnao, Fatehpur, Faizabad,
Bulandshahar, Kanpur Dehat, Allahabad, Lucknow, Meerut, Banda,
MuzaIIarnagar and Bhadobi. (Rs. 14.45 Crore)
Jail Department:
O Barracks and Hospitals (Rs. 4.20 Crore)
Animal Husbandry:
O Development and construction oI Farm Houses in U.P. (Rs. 2.8 Crore)
Other Misc. Works:
O Residential Flats Ior MLA's oI U.P. (Rs. 6.5 Crore)
O Multistoried OIIice Complex (Six storied) at llilton Lane, Lucknow, (Rs. 4.0
Crore)
O Indira Palace, Shopping/OIIice Complex, at Lucknow (Rs.1.5 Cr.)
O Neelgiri Complex, OIIice cum shopping complex at Lucknow (Rs. 3.58 lacs.


Site plan



&nits plan


Features and amenities

Features
Entertainment Room
All apartments are 3 side open
Fresh air and natural light to brighten each room
green parks, and have over 80 open area
Maximum 8 apartments per Iloor
Reserved car parking Ior each apartment in open / basement / stilt
Large capacity high speed liIts
Intercom Iacility in each apartment connected to security gate
CCTV security gate
Piped gas supply
Back up DG Power Ior apartments
24 hours water supply

Club house
Entertainment Room
Cards Room
Gymnasium
Multi purpose banquet hall
Kids Play Area
Swimming Pool
Tennis
Table Tennis
Basketball

Retails areas
Provision stores
Book store
Saloon Ior men and women
Pharmacy
Restaurants and Sweet shops
Electronic gadgets store
Milk booth and vegetable shop
Postal Iacility
Banks and ATMs




CONSTR&CTION !ROCESS

Site Clearance
The very Iirst step is site clearance which involves removal oI grass and vegetation
along with any other objections which might be there in the site location.

Demarcation of Site
The whole area on which construction is to be done is marked so as to identiIy the
construction zone. In our project, a plot oI 450*350 sq It was chosen and the
respective marking was done.

!ositioning of Central coordinate and layout
The centre point was marked with the help oI a thread and plumb bob as per the
grid drawing. With respect to this center point, all the other points oI columns were
to be decided so its exact position is very critical.

Excavation
Excavation was carried out both manually as well as mechanically. Normally 1-2
earth excavators were used Ior excavating the soil. Adequate precautions are taken
to see that the excavation operations do not damage the adjoining structures.
Excavation is carried out providing adequate side slopes and dressing oI
excavation bottom. The soil present beneath the surIace was too clayey so it was
dumped and was not used Ior back Iilling. The Iilling is done in layer not
exceeding 20 cm layer and than it`s compacted. Depth oI excavation was 5`4
Irom Ground Level.

!CC - !lain Cement Concrete
AIter the process oI excavation, laying oI plain cement concrete that is PCC is
done. A layer oI 4 inches was made in such a manner that it was not mixed with
the soil. It provides a solid base Ior the raIt Ioundation and 10 parts oI coarse
aggregates by volume were used in it. Plain concrete is vibrated to achieve Iull
compaction. Concrete placed below ground should be protected Irom Ialling earth
during and aIter placing. Concrete placed in ground containing deleterious
substances should be kept Iree Irom contact with such a ground and with water
draining there Irom during placing and Ior a period oI seven days. When joint in a
layer oI concrete are unavoidable, and end is sloped at an angle oI 30 and junctions
oI diIIerent layers break joint in laying upper layer oI concrete. The lower surIace
is made rough and clean watered beIore upper layer is laid.

Laying of Foundation
At our site, RaIt Ioundations are used to spread the load Irom a structure over a
large area, normally the entire area oI the structure. Normally raIt Ioundation is
used when large load is to be distributed and it is not possible to provide individual
Iootings due to space constraints that are they would overlap on each other. RaIt
Ioundations have the advantage oI reducing diIIerential settlements as the concrete
slab resists diIIerential movements between loading positions. They are oIten
needed on soIt or loose soils with low bearing capacity as they can spread the loads
over a larger area.
In lying oI raIt Ioundation, special care is taken in the reinIorcement and
construction oI plinth beams and columns. It is the main portion on which
ultimately whole oI the structure load is to come. So a slightest error can cause
huge problems and thereIore all this is checked and passed by the engineer in
charge oI the site.








MATERIAL &SED IN VRINDAVAN YO1NA

(i)Cement
O!C
Portland cement is composed oI calcium silicates and aluminates and aluminum
Ierrite It is obtained by blending predetermined proportions limestone,clay and
other minerals in small quantities which is pulverized and heated at high
temperature around 1500 deg centigrade to produce clinker`. The clinker is then
ground with small quantities oI gypsum to produce a Iine powder called Ordinary
Portland Cement (OPC).
The Bureau oI Indian Standards (BIS) has classiIied OPC in three diIIerent grades
The classiIication is mainly based on the compressive strength oI cement-sand
mortar cubes oI Iace area 50 cm2 composed oI 1 part oI cement to 3 parts oI
standard sand by weight with a water-cement ratio arrived at by a speciIied
procedure. The grades are
(a) 33 grade
(b) 43 grade
(c) 53 grade
The grade number indicates the minimum compressive strength oI cement sand
mortar in N/mm
2
at 28 days, as tested by above mentioned procedure.

!ortland !ozzolana Cement (!!C)
It is obtained by either inter grinding a pozzolanic material with clinker and
gypsum, or by blending ground pozzolana with Portland cement. Nowadays good
quality Ily ash is available Irom Thermal Power Plants, which are processed and
used in manuIacturing oI PPC.

Advantages of using !ortland pozzolana cement over O!C
Pozzolana combines with lime and alkali in cement when water is added and
Iorms compounds which contribute to strength, impermeability and sulphate
resistance.
It also contributes to workability, reduced bleeding and controls destructive
expansion Irom alkali-aggregate reaction.
It reduces heat oI hydration thereby controlling temperature diIIerentials, which
causes thermal strain and resultant cracking in mass concrete structures like dams.
PPC containing Ily ash as a pozzolana will invariably be slightly diIIerent colour
than the OPC.


(ii)Eco Blocks are made using Cellular Lightweight Concrete, also known as
CLC, is made by mixing Ioam in a slurry oI cement, sand and Ily ash based on the
Neopar technology oI Germany and the patented technology oI System Building.

Common sizes: 490x240x200/190mm & 490x240x90mm
Ash content up to 35
Approved by CPWD and ME
Lighter in weight
Most economically suitable Ior multi-story buildings
Speedier construction
Better insulation
Can be manuIactured in density varying Irom 400 kg/cu.m. to 1,600 kg/cu.m. as
per requirement
Savings in cost oI structure oI multi-story building due to reduction in dead load
& less mortar consumption

Benefits of using Eco Blocks (Cellular Light Weight Concrete Blocks)
O Tremendous weight reduction
O Eco-Iriendly
O High Thermal insulation
O Optimum Iire rating



(iii)Coarse Aggregate
Coarse aggregate Ior the works should be river gravel or crushed stone .It should
be hard, strong, dense, durable, clean, and Iree Irom clay or loamy admixtures or
quarry reIuse or vegetable matter. The pieces oI aggregates should be cubical, or
rounded shaped and should have granular or crystalline or smooth (but not glossy)
non-powdery surIaces .Aggregates should be properly screened and iI necessary
washed clean beIore use.
Coarse aggregates containing Ilat, elongated or Ilaky pieces or mica should be
rejected. The grading oI coarse aggregates should be as per speciIications oI IS-
383.
AIter 24-hrs immersion in water, a previously dried sample oI the coarse aggregate
should not gain in weight more than 5.
Aggregates should be stored in such a way as to prevent segregation oI sizes and
avoid contamination with Iines.
Depending upon the coarse aggregate color, there quality can be determined as:
Black > very good quality
Blue > good
Whitish >bad quality

(iv)Fine Aggregate
Aggregate which is passed through 4.75 IS Sieve is termed as Iine aggregate. Fine
aggregate is added to concrete to assist workability and to bring uniIormity in
mixture. Usually, the natural river sand is used as Iine aggregate. Important thing
to be considered is that Iine aggregates should be Iree Irom coagulated lumps.
such that not more than 5 percent shall exceed 5 mm in size, not more than 10
shall IS sieve No. 150 not less than 45 or more than 85 shall pass IS sieve No.
1.18 mm and not less than 25 or more than 60 shall pass IS sieve No. 600
micron.


Reinforcement
Steel reinIorcements are used, generally, in the Iorm oI bars oI circular cross
section in concrete structure. They are like a skeleton in human body. Plain
concrete without steel or any other reinIorcement is strong in compression but
weak in tension. Steel is one oI the best Iorms oI reinIorcements, to take care oI
those stresses and to strengthen concrete to bear all kinds oI loads
Mild steel bars conIorming to IS: 432 (Part I) and Cold-worked steel high strength
deIormed bars conIorming to IS: 1786 (grade Fe 415 and

500 N/mm
2
respectively) are commonly used. Grade Fe 415 is being used most
commonly nowadays. This has limited the use oI plain mild steel bars because oI
higher yield stress and bond strength resulting in saving oI steel quantity. Some
companies have brought thermo mechanically treated (TMT) and corrosion
resistant steel (CRS) bars with added Ieatures.
Bars range in diameter Irom 6 to 50 mm. Cold-worked steel high strength
deIormed bars start Irom 8 mm diameter. For general house constructions, bars oI
diameter 6 to 20 mm are used
Transverse reinIorcements are very important. They not only take care oI structural
requirements but also help main reinIorcements to remain in desired position. They
play a very signiIicant role while abrupt changes or reversal oI stresses like
earthquake etc.
They should be closely spaced as per the drawing and properly tied to the
main/longitudinal reinIorcement

Terms used in Reinforcement work

a) Bar-bending-schedule
Bar-bending-schedule is the schedule oI reinIorcement bars prepared in advance
beIore cutting and bending oI rebars. This schedule contains all details oI size,
shape and dimension oI rebars to be cut.

b) Lap length
Lap length is the length overlap oI bars tied to extend the reinIorcement length..
Lap length about 50 times the diameter oI the bar is considered saIe. Laps oI
neighboring bar lengths should be staggered and should not be provided at one
level/line. At one cross section, a maximum oI 50 bars should be lapped. In case,
required lap length is not available at junction because oI space and other
constraints, bars can be joined with couplers or welded (with correct choice oI
method oI welding)
.
c) Anchorage Length
This is the additional length oI steel oI one structure required to be inserted in other
at the junction. For example, main bars oI beam in column at beam column
junction, column bars in Iooting etc. The length requirement is similar to the lap
length mentioned in previous question or as per the design instructions

d) Cover block
Cover blocks are placed to prevent the steel rods Irom touching the shuttering
plates and there by providing a minimum cover and Iix the reinIorcements as per
the design drawings. Sometimes it is commonly seen that the cover gets misplaced
during the concreting activity. To prevent this, tying oI cover with steel bars using
thin steel wires called binding wires (projected Irom cover surIace and placed
during making or casting oI cover blocks) is recommended. Covers should be
made oI cement sand mortar (1:3). Ideally, cover should have strength similar to
the surrounding concrete, with the least perimeter so that chances oI water to
penetrate through periphery will be minimized. Provision oI minimum covers as
per the Indian standards Ior durability oI the whole structure should be ensured.
Shape oI the cover blocks could be cubical or cylindrical. However, cover
indicates thickness oI the cover block. Normally, cubical cover blocks are used. As
a thumb rule, minimum cover oI 2 in Iootings, 1.5 in columns and 1 Ior other
structures may be ensured

Structural element Cover to reinforcement (mm)
Footings 40
Columns 40
Slabs 15
Beams 25
Retaining wall 25 Ior earth Iace
20 Ior other Iace

e) Weight of Steel reinforcement bar per meter
For any steel reinIorcement bar,

Weight per running meter d*d/162 Kg,

Where d is diameter oI the bar in mm.

For example:

Diameter(mm)


&nits wt.
in Kg.
8 0.39
10 0.62
12 0.89
16 1.58
20 2.47
25 3.86
28 4.84
32 6.32


Term used in form work
a) Shuttering and Scaffolding
The term SHUTTERING` or FORMWORK` includes all Iorms, moulds,
sheeting, shuttering planks, poles, posts standards, V-Heads, struts, and structure,
ties, walling steel rods, bolts, wedges, and all other temporary supports to the
concrete during the process oI sheeting.
b) Form work
Forms or moulds or shutters are the receptacles in which concrete is placed, so that
it will have the desired shape or outline when hardened. Once the concrete
develops adequate strength, the Iorms are removed. Forms are generally made oI
the materials like timber, plywood, steel, etc.
Generally camber is provided in the Iormwork Ior horizontal members to
counteract the eIIect oI deIlection caused due to the weight oI reinIorcement and
concrete placed over that. A proper lubrication oI shuttering plates is also done
beIore the placement oI reinIorcement. The oil Iilm sandwiched between concrete
and Iormwork surIace not only helps in easy removal oI shuttering but also
prevents loss oI moisture Irom the concrete through absorption and evaporation.
The steel Iorm work was designed and constructed to the shapes, lines and
dimensions shown on the drawings. All Iorms were suIIiciently water tight to
prevent leakage oI mortar. Forms were so constructed as to be removable in
sections. One side oI the column Iorms were leIt open and the open side Iilled in
board by board successively as the concrete is placed and compacted except when
vibrators are used. A key was made at the end oI each casting in concrete columns
oI appropriate size to give proper bonding to columns and walls as per relevant IS.


c) Cleaning and treatment of forms
All rubbish, particularly chippings, shavings and saw dust, was removed Irom the
interior oI the Iorms (steel) beIore the concrete is placed. The Iorm work in contact
with the concrete was cleaned and thoroughly wetted or treated with an approved
composition to prevent adhesion between Iorm work and concrete. Care was taken
that such approved composition is kept out oI contact with the reinIorcement.
d) Design
The Iorm-work should be designed and constructed such that the concrete can be
properly placed and thoroughly compacted to obtain the required shape, position,
and levels subject
e) Erection of formwork
a) Care should be taken that all Iormwork is set to plumb and true to line and level.
b) When reinIorcement passes through the Iormwork care should be taken to
ensure close Iitting joints against the steel bars so as to avoid loss oI Iines during
the compaction oI concrete.
c) II Iormwork is held together by bolts or wires, these should be so Iixed that no
iron is exposed on surIace against which concrete is to be laid.
d) Provision is made in the shuttering Ior beams, columns and walls Ior a port hole
oI convenient size so that all extraneous materials that may be collected could be
removed just prior to concreting.
e) Formwork is so arranged as to permit removal oI Iorms without jarring the
concrete. Wedges, clamps, and bolts should be used where practicable instead oI
nails.
I) SurIaces oI Iorms in contact with concrete are oiled with a mould oil oI
approved quality. The use oI oil, which darkens the surIace oI the concrete, is not
allowed. Oiling is done beIore reinIorcement is placed and care taken that no oil
comes in contact with the reinIorcement while it is placed in position. The
Iormwork is kept thoroughly wet during concreting and the whole time that it is
leIt in place.
f) Stripping time or removal of formwork
Forms were not struck until the concrete has attained a strength at least twice the
stress to which the concrete may be subjected at the time oI removal oI Iorm work.
The strength reIerred is that oI concrete using the same cement and aggregates with
the same proportions and cured under conditions oI temperature and moisture
similar to those existing on the work. Where so required, Iorm work was leIt
longer in normal circumstances
Form work was removed in such a manner as would not cause any shock or
vibration that would damage the concrete. BeIore removal oI props, concrete
surIace was exposed to ascertain that the concrete has suIIiciently hardened. Where
the shape oI element is such that Iorm work has re-entrant angles, the Iorm work
was removed as soon as possible aIter the concrete has set, to avoid shrinkage
cracking occurring due to the restraint imposed. As a guideline, with temperature
above 20 degree Iollowing time limits should be Iollowed:

Structural Component Age
Footings 1 day
Sides of beams, columns, lintels, wall 2 days
&nderside of beams spanning less than 6m 14 days
&nderside of beams spanning over 6m 21 days
&nderside of slabs spanning less than 4m 7 days
&nderside of slabs spanning more than 4m 14 days
Flat slab bottom 21 days



Tests on Construction division-19,Vrindavan Yojna

1) SILT CONTENT TEST

Silt is granular material oI a size somewhere between sand and clay derived Irom
soil or rock. Silt may occur as a soil or as suspended sediment (also known as
suspended load) in a surIace water body. It may also exist as soil deposited at the
bottom oI a water body


!rocedure
First oI all take the sample oI the sand and insert it into a measuring
jar,
Then add water as per required, then add halI spoon salt Ior better setting time.
Shake the jar slowly....and wait Ior 10 minutes.
AIter 10 minutes you can see the diIIerent layer oI the actual sand, silt and water.
For calculating the SILT CONTENT:-
Silt divide by total height .that means sand silttotal height. Multiply by100 Ior
percentage.
Calculate silt content aIter 3 hr. also.









) SIEVE ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATES
Sieve analysis helps to determine the particle size distribution oI the coarse and
Iine aggregates. This is done by sieving the aggregates as per IS: 2386 (Part I)
1963. In this we use diIIerent sieves as standardized by the IS code and then pass
aggregates through them and thus collect diIIerent sized particles leIt over diIIerent
sieves.
The apparatus used are -
i) A set oI IS Sieves oI sizes 80mm, 63mm, 50mm, 40mm,31.5mm, 25mm,
20mm, 16mm, 12.5mm, 10mm, 6.3mm,4.75mm, 3.35mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm,
600m, 300m, 150m and 75m.
!rocedure to determine particle size distribution of aggregates

i) The test sample is dried to a constant weight at a temperature oI 110 5
o
C and
weighed.

ii) The sample is sieved by using a set oI IS Sieves.

iii) On completion oI sieving, the material on each sieve is weighed.

iv) Cumulative weight passing through each sieve is calculated as a percentage oI
the total sample weight.

v) Fineness modulus is obtained by adding cumulative percentage oI aggregates
retained on each sieve and dividing the sum by 100.


Fineness modulus
Fineness Modulus (FM) is used in determining the degree oI uniIormity oI the
aggregate
Fineness Modulus (FM) is used in determining the degree oI uniIormity oI the
aggregate
Gradation in PCC mix designs. It is an empirical number relating to the Iineness
oI the aggregate. The higher the FM, the coarser the aggregate. Values oI 2.40 to
3.00 are common Ior FA in PCC.
The sum oI the cumulative percentages retained on speciIied sieves in the
Iollowing table divided by 100 gives the FM

Observation table
i. For fine aggregates (1Kg)




F. M. Sum oI cumulative age wt. retained /100

IS. Sieve
No.
Mass
retained
of mass
retained
of
passing
of passing for acceptable
limits
zone 1 zone 2 zone 3
10mm 100 100 100
4.75mm 90 - 100 90 - 100 90 - 100
2.36mm 60 - 95 75 - 100 83 - 100
1.18mm 30 - 70 55 - 90 75 - 100
600 mic. 15 - 34 35 - 59 60 - 79
300 mic. 5 - 20 8 - 30 12 - 40
150 mic. 0 - 10 0 - 10 0 - 10
IS. Sieve
No.
Mass retained
(kg)
of mass
retained
of mass
passing
4.75mm 0.088 8.8 91.2
2.36mm 0.087 8.7 82.5
1.18mm 0.172 17.2 65.3
600mic 0.29 29 36.3
300mic 0.331 33.1 3.2
150mic 0.071 7.1 0

ii. Coarse aggregates (10mm,Kg)

IS.
Sieve
No.
Mass
retained
of mass
retained
Total
passing
passing for
acceptable limit
12.5mm 100
10mm 85 - 100
4.75mm 0 - 20
2.36mm 0 - 5



IS. Sieve
No.
Mass
retained
of mass
retained
Total passing

12.5mm 0.209 10.45 89.55
10mm 0.793 39.65 49.9
4.75mm 1.001 50.05 0
2.36mm 0 0 0





iii. Coarse aggregates ( 0mm,Kg)
IS.
Sieve
No.
Mass
retained
of mass
retained
Total
passing
passing for
acceptable limit
20 mm 100
12.5mm 85 - 100
10mm 0 - 20
4.75mm 0 - 5





BATCHING
When bagged cement is used, the Iield mix proportions are usually given
in terms oI designated amounts oI Iine and coarse aggregate per bag (or per94
pounds) oI cement. The amount oI material that is mixed at a time is called a
batch On large jobs, the aggregate is weighed out in an aggregate batching
plant. Whenever possible, a batch plant is located near to and used in conjunction
with a crushing and screening plant. In a crushing and
screening plant, stone is crushed into various particle sizes, which are then
IS.
Sieve
No.
Mass
retained
of mass
retained
Total
passing
20 mm 0.052 2.6 97.4
12.5mm 1.849 92.45 4.95
10mm 0.086 4.3 0.65
4.75mm 0.013 0.65 0
screened into separate piles.In ascreening plant, the aggregate in its natural state
is screened by sizes into separate piles.

The batch plant, which is usually portable and can be taken apart and moved
Irom site to site, is generally set up adjacent to the pile oI
screened aggregate. The plant may include separate hoppers Ior several sizes oI
Iine and coarse aggregates, or only one hopper Ior Iine aggregate and another Ior
coarse aggregate. It may have one or more divided hoppers, each containing two or
more separate compartments Ior diIIerent sizes oI aggregates.

Each storage hopper or storage hopper compartment can be discharged into a
weigh box, which can, in turn, be discharged into a mixer or a batch truck.
When a speciIic weight oI aggregate is called Ior, the operator sets the
weight on a beam scale. The operator then opens the discharge chute on the
storage hopper. When the desired weight is reached in the weigh box,
the scale beam rises and the operator closes the storage hopper
discharge chute. The operator then opens the weigh box discharge
chute, and the aggregate discharges into the mixer or batch truck. Batch
plant aggregate storage hoppers are usually loaded with clamshell-equipped
crane




3) CONCRETE SL&M! TEST

The concrete slump test is used Ior the measurement oI a property oI Iresh
concrete. The test is an emprical test that measures the workability oI Iresh
concrete. More speciIically, it measures consistency between batches.

!rinciple
The slump test result is a measure oI the behaviour oI a compacted inverted cone
oI concrete under the action oI gravity. It measures the consistency or the wetness
oI concrete.

Apparatus
Slump cone (Abrams cone), scale Ior measurement.

Interpretation of result
The slumped concrete takes various shapes, and according to the proIile oI
slumped concrete, the slump is termed as true slump, shear slump or collapse
slump. II a shear or collapse slump is achieved, a Iresh sample should be taken and
the test repeated. A collapse slump is an indication oI too wet a mix. Only a true
slump is oI any use in the test. A collapse slump will generally mean that the mix
is too wet or that it is a high workability mix, Ior which slump test is not
appropriate Very dry mixes; having slump 0 - 25 mm are used in road making, low
workability mixes; having slump 10 - 40 mm are used Ior Ioundations with light
reinIorcement, medium workability mixes; 50 - 90 Ior normal reinIorced concrete
placed with vibration, high workability concrete; ~ 100 mm.



Collapse Shear True
In a collapse slump the
concrete collapses
completely.
In a shear slump the top
portion oI the concrete
shears oII and slips
sideways.
In a true slump the concrete
simply subsides, keeping
more or less to shape.


4)COM!RESSION TEST OF CONCRETE BLOCK

Aim
To determine the compressive strength oI concrete specimens prepared and to
veriIy the strength requirements as desired in the mix design and stipulated in the
IS code.

Apparatus
Compression testing machine

Specimen
6 cubes oI 15 cm size Mix. M25
Mixing
Mix the concrete either by hand or in a laboratory batch mixer

Hand mixing
(i)Mix the cement and Iine aggregate on a water tight none-absorbent platIorm
until the mixture is thoroughly blended and is oI uniIorm color
(ii)Add the coarse aggregate and mix with cement and Iine aggregate until the
coarse aggregate is uniIormly distributed throughout the batch
(iii)Add water and mix it until the concrete appears to be homogeneous and oI the
desired consistency

Sampling
(i) Clean the mounds and apply oil
(ii) Fill the concrete in the molds in layers approximately 5cm thick
(iii) Compact each layer with not less than 35strokes per layer using a tamping rod
(steel bar 16mm diameter and 60cm long, bullet pointed at lower end)
(iv) Level the top surIace and smoothen it with a trowel

Curing
The test specimens are stored in moist air Ior 24hours and aIter this period the
specimens are marked and removed Irom the molds and kept submerged in clear
Iresh water until taken out prior to test.

!recaution
The water Ior curing should be tested every 7days and the temperature oI water
must be at 27-2oC.
!rocedure
(I) Remove the specimen Irom water aIter speciIied curing time and wipe out
excess water Irom the surIace.
(II) Take the dimension oI the specimen to the nearest 0.2m
(III) Clean the bearing surIace oI the testing machine
(IV) Place the specimen in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be
applied
to the opposite sides oI the cube cast.
(V) Align the specimen centrally on the base plate oI the machine.
(VI) Rotate the movable portion gently by hand so that it touches the top surIace oI
the
specimen.
(VII) Apply the load gradually without shock and continuously at the rate oI
140kg/cm2/minute till the specimen Iails
(VIII) Record the maximum load and note any unusual Ieatures in the type oI
Iailure.
Note
A minimum oI 3 cubes should be tested.

Calculation
Size oI the cube 15cm x15cm x15cm



Case 1:After 7 days M

SIZE OF BLOCK : (150mm * 150mm*150mm)

Wt. of
block(Kg.)
Loading
(KN)
Strength (
N/sq.mm)
Average
8.065 589 26.18
8.099 544 24.22 24.48
8.066 518 23.06

STRENGTH OF M25 (24.48 *100)/25
97.98

Case : After days M

Wt. of
block(Kg.)
Loading
(KN)
Strength (
N/sq.mm
Average
8.022 902 40.11
8.154 824 36.66 37.44
7.954 799 35.55

STRENGTH OF M25 (37.44 * 100)/25 149.76



Result
Average compressive strength oI the concrete cube 24.48 N/ mm
2
(at 7 days)
Average compressive strength oI the concrete cube 37.44 N/mm
2
(at 28 days)


Compression test on CLC block:

Wt. of
block(Kg.)
Size (mm) Load
(KN)
Density Compressive strength
(N/sq.mm)
19.8 470*100*200 165 905 3.51
150 905 3.19
150 913 3.19
140 922 2.97


FORWARD

This is to certiIy that Mr.Abhijeet Singh student oI IIMT COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING has successIully completed summer training program me Ior a
period oI 4 weeks under my guidance and supervision.

As per our measurement and reporting structure he is hard working and excellent
during the training program me.

We wish him all the best in his Iuture endeavor`s.


Signature
Mr. R.C. SINGH
(EXEC&TIVE ENGINEER)
FO&NDATION &SED IN !RO1ECT

a) Raft foundation

RaIt or mat Ioundation is a combined Iooting that covers the entire area beneath a
structure and supports all wall and column this raIt or mat normaly rest directly on
soil or rock but can also be supported on piles as well.
RaIt Ioundation is generally suggested in Iollowing situations:
whenever building loads are so heavy or the allowable pressure on
soil so small that individual Iooting would cover more than Iloor area.
When structure and equipment to be supported are very sensitive to
diIIerential settlement .
Floating Ioundation cases where in soil is having very poor bearing
capacity and the weight oI the super structure is proposed to be balanced by
the weight oI the soil is removed.
Buildings where individual Ioundation, iI provided will be subjected
to large widely varying bending moments which may results in diIIerential
rotation and diIIerential settlement oI individual Iooting causing distress in
the building .




b) Isolated footing

It is a type oI spread Iooting that is to transIer the column loads directly on soil.
It is cost eIIective and because oI not bearing oI diIIerential settlement, mainly
preIerred in non tower area oI buildings.

Advantage of raft over isolated footing
Less area requirement.
Transmit heavier loads.
Large bearing oI diIIerential settlement.








CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
CERTIFICATE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS AND MATERIALS USED
SILT CONTENT TEST
SIEVE ANALYSIS OF AGGREGATES
BATCHING PLANT
SLUMP TEST
COMPRESSION TEST
FOUNDATION







TRAINING RE!ORT
ON
M&LTI STOREY B&ILDING

SUBMITTED BY:
ABHIJEET SINGH
IIMT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SUMMER TRAINEE
BRANCH: CIVIL
ROLL NO. : 0821600001

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