Mohammad Ali, Public Health Engineer, Oxfam

Rationales/Justifications
Scarcity of safe water due to arsenic contamination and salinity in the SWTs. Explore the reasons of non-functioning of traditional PSFs and design a PSF with adjustments of those factors. DPHE & Oxfams interests on using Renewable energy as electricity grids are not available in remote rural areas.

Solar operated PSF information

Upazilla Union Village Shilumpur Poradanga Shamur Halsha Gaiakhali Sreekalash Kundu ria Parjoynagar Sutarkhali Funded by GDS & Oxfam GDS & Oxfam GDS & Oxfam GDS & Oxfam GDS & Oxfam GDS & Oxfam GDS & Oxfam UNICEF UNICEF Year of Construction Aug, 2011 Sep, 2009 Aug,2010 Aug, 2009 July,2009 July,2009 July,2009 June,2011 June,2011

Khanpur Monirampur Kultia Shamkur Shamkur Assassuni Satkhira Assassuni Budh hata Dacope Kamarkhal Sutarkhali

Major factors considered to design this PSF operated by Solar? Ensure continuous flow in the PSFs. Encourage bio-sand filter. Mechanized Solar pump for ensuring continuous flow. Introduced double action lift pumps in case of interruptions of solar system. Introduced sensor to prevent overflow and ensure continuous flow. Introduced lighting system at the night by solar thus promote protection. Considered pond protection

Pond Sand Filter operated by Solar energy

Basic information on design and cost: Designed for 200 HHs or 1000 individuals. Bio-sand filter Following SPHERE, each individuals requirements estimated as 10 litre/day. Introduced mechanized pumping system for continuous flow. PSF cost was almost 2,20,000BDT excluding pond renovation. Solar system cost was 1,61,000 BDT

Drawing & Design of PSFs

Design & Drawing of PSFs

Technical design of solar system of PSF

Solar PV Module : 2nos. 65Wp Module, Total 130Wp Pump : Submersible centrifugal Pump Pump Flow Rate : 10,000 liter/8hr. Lift: 8m Cost: 1,60,971 BDT

Pump sizing based on the requirements

Different components of PSF operated by Solar system

Water quality test results of solar operated PSFs

Water Quality Test Report of UNICEF funded Solar PSFs

Sl No. Name of Water source Village Union Upazilla Water Sample Collection Sample Aanalysis Date

Types of Test chloride ppt Turbidity / NTU Type of test T.T.C

103 Parjoynagar Govt pond Kamarkhali Parjoynagar

Sutarkhali DhaliSutarkhali Sutarkhali bari 104

cfu/100 ml 20.08.11 21.08.11 Pond 4 Up floor rapping filter 2 Slow sand filter 2 Tap 0 Pond 6 Up floor rapping filter 3 20.08.11 21.08.11 Slow sand filter 3 Tap 0

0.7 1.2 -

pond 60 125 -

Tape 5 5 -

Comparison
Traditional PSF
Designed for 250 individuals. Establishment cost low. Design life-Comparatively low Algea not formed-not bio-sand filter-not continuous flow. Water quality not always satisfactory. In many cases, became out of order due to not pumping by the beneficiaries regularly. Women are at risk during night time water fetching. No alternative design for pumping. O & M comparatively difficult

Solar operated PSF

Designed for 1000 individuals. Establishment cost comparatively high. Design life-comparatively high Algea formed-bio-sand filtercontinuous flow. Water quality found improved. Solar system has mechanical system to flow continuously. Due to installation of lighting system, women feel comfort. If any cases, solar system disrupts, then double action pump support the system. O & M comparatively easy

Different Photos of PSF

Sustainable Mechanisms for PSF

Community Participation is ensured at every stages. Water management Committee. User Training Caretaker training. Beneficiaries are saving money for necessary O & M. Hand over to local community with close supervision by DPHE for O & M. LEBs are engaged.

Major lessons learnt from the Projects

General & For Solar system: Activation of WMC after phase out of the project. Accountability and transparency of the management committee. After phase out, relevant stakeholders responsiveness. Beneficiaries are satisfied. Environmentally friendly as contributing nothing to global warming The efficiency of the solar system also varies on the season and location of the sun. Solar system design could be little bit higher than the requirements. In many cases, Solar system providers dont have any local office.

Lesson learnt
More effective for bacteria removal due to biological activities. Easy operation & maintenance PSFs are expected to be long term functional. No laborious manually pumping Establishment cost of the PSF with solar system is comparatively high but covering more people. Availability of pond water throughout the whole year especially in the dry season. Lack of advocacy initiatives for protection (Saline intrusion, Shrimp culture) of the sweet water pond in the coastal reasons

Way Forward
Reduction of the cost may be explored for scaling up the technologies DPHE could take lead to replicate the interventions. Step forward to encourage private sectors to establish Regional/local solar service providers. Initiate to preserve sweet water pond at Arsenic and Saline contaminated areas. DPHE could take lead role to motivate the Land ministry and other relevant ministries. Aware policy makers regarding solar technology to provide scope in the investment plan.

Solar operated MPWS

Location

Village

STW arsenic status

Intervention provided
Solar operated MPWS Solar Operated MPWS Solar operated MPWS

Shymkur, Monirampur

Dholigati

100%

Hashadanga 100% 80%

Khanpur, Munshi Monirampur Khanpur

Thank you