College of Engineering Ateneo de Naga University

Activity

BJTasSwitch

INFORMATION A BJT can be made to approximate an ideal switch. When the transistor is operatinginSaturationRegion,itactslikeaclosedswitch,whilewhenitisinCutoff regionitislikeanopenswitch. Transistor switches serve as the bases of all modern electronic digital computers. Alltypes of digitalcircuitsaremadebyjustusingthissimpleandbasic configuration.Itcanalsobeusedtoswitchhighvoltageusingonlyadigitalsignal. Inthisexperiment,youwillstudyhowlargevoltagecanbecontrolledbythe lower voltage. Examine different configurations for LED driver. Study a circuit known as the transistor inverter circuit and explore how to convert sinusoidal waveformtoarectangularwaveform. OBJECTIVES Attheendoftheactivity,thestudentsareexpectedto: UseBJTasaLEDdriver Explainhowthetransistorinverteroperates Designatransistorswitch MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT Oscilloscope Functiongenerator DMM VariableRegulatedpowersupply NPNBipolarJunctionTransistor LED connectingwire LongNosepliers(optional) resistoraccordingtocomputed/standardvalue
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PROCEDURE Prelab 1. Reviewthetransistorcharacteristics,especiallythevalueofHFE. 2. InFig.2,determinethevalueofRCandRBbasedontheconditionthatthe transistorwillsaturatewhena5VVBBsupplyvoltageisapplied.The saturationcurrentisatleast15mAwithVCCequalto15V. Example:TheICsatissettoatleast10mAwithVCC=12V;VBB=6V;with thefollowingTransistorspecification: HFEmin=50; VCEsat=0.2Vand VBEsat(max)=0.85V ICmaxratingoftransistorshouldbegreaterthanICsat. ComputingforthevalueofRC: VCC VCESAT RC = ICSAT
0B 1B

12V 0.2V 10mA = 1.18K 1.2 K (choosethenearest standard value) =

SolvingforthevalueofRB:

RB = =

(VBB VBESAT (max) ) IB

; where IB =

ICSAT 10mA = HFEMIN 60

(6V 0.85V ) = 166.7 A 166.7 A = 30.9 K to ensure saturation choose the nearest Lower Standard Value RB = 27 K
Thesizeorpoweroftheresistorneededis: ForRC: PRC = I 2 * R = (10mA) 2 *1K

=100mW A

ECEM312 Electronics 1 Laboratory

1 watt Resistor is morethan enough to use. 4

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LabProper Part1LEDDriver 1. SwitchofffirsttheVBBandVCC. 2. ConstructcircuitshowninFig.1usingyourcomputedvalues. 3. SwitchonthesupplyvoltagewithVBBstillsetto0V.Observewhathappens toLED. 4. SetvalueofVBBaslistedintable2.Thenmeasurethecollectoremitter voltageaswellasthecollectorcurrent.RecordtheresultsinTable2. 5. Repeatprocedure4fortherestofvoltagelistedinTable2 6. TurnoffthepowersupplyandplacetheLEDinserieswiththecollector terminalandRCasshowninFigure2. 7. Repeatsteps3,4and5.

ComparewhathappenedtotheLEDforeachfigure?DoestheLEDbrightness increaseasyouincreasetheVBB? AtwhatpointdoestheLEDattainitsfullbrightness? Explaintheoperationofthetransistorforeachpart.

Part2TransistorswitchorInverterCircuit 1. ConstructtheCircuitshowninFig.3withthesamevalueofresistorusedin previouspart. 2. Setthefunctiongeneratortogiveasquarewaveoutputof8Vwith1KHz frequency.ThiswillserveasyoursignalsourceVS. 3. Applythesourcesignaltotheinputofthetransistor. 4. ConfiguretheOscilloscopeasdoneinthepreviousactivity. 5. ConnectChannels1andChannel2probetotheinputandoutputofthe transistorrespectively.Adjustthenecessarycontroltoviewboththeinput andoutputwaveforms. 6. Observeandsketchbothwaveforms. 7. ChangethewaveformoftheFunctionGeneratorfromsquarewaveto Sinusoidalwaveformandrepeatprocedure6. Commentontheinputwaveformandoutputwaveformbothforthe squareandsinusoidalwaveforms.
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FollowUpActivity 1. Design an Electronic Circuit Breaker using Transistor and Electromechanical Relay Combination. The breaker should be designed to operate in 12VDC supply. The circuit should have a SET/RESET switch. The circuit breaker wouldworkthisway: a. Thetransistorwillserveasthedriverfortherelay b. YoullhavetosetSET/RESETswitchfirsttohaveanoutputof12VDC. c. IncaseShortCircuitattheloadoccurs,theBreakerwillautomatically shut down or will cut the connection from the source to the load. Youll have to remove the short circuit and switch the SET/RESET switchtooperateagain. + + L S O O U 12VDC 12VDC A R D - C E

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SchematicDiagramforActivity9
RC

RB 15V VBB

Fig. 1

RC

RB 15V VBB

Fig. 2

RC

VO 15V RB

+ VS -

Fig. 3

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ECEM312 Electronics 1 Laboratory