Su8!LC1 Anu 1ASkS Cl P?SlC1PL8A?

CALvAnlZlnC Anu LLLC18CPC8LSlS LLLC18Cu8LAM

ulAu?nAMlC 1PL8A? LLLC18CS1lMuLA1lCn AMLluLS1PL8A?
l 1he general represenLaLlons abouL physloLherapy and spaLreaLmenL
1he knowledge of mechanlsms of lnfluence of Lhe physlcal facLors preclse represenLaLlon of
feaLures of Lhelr lnfluence on physlologlcal and paLhologlcal processes ln an organlsm ls a necessary
condlLlon of Lhelr raLlonal use for LreaLmenL and prophylaxls of dlseases
hysloLherapy Lhe medlcal sclence sLudylng mechanlsms of physlologlcal and medlcal acLlon of
naLural and preformed physlcal medlcal means for Lhe persons and anlmals
hysloLherapeuLlc prophylaxls prevenLlve lmprovlng appllcaLlon of physlcal facLors wlLhln Lhe
framework of lnlLlal secondary and LerLlary prevenLlve malnLenance lor lnlLlal prevenLlve
malnLenance waLer alr solar and ulLravloleL rays Lhe arLlflclal aerolons dosed ouL physlcal
loadlngs are used baslcally lor LerLlary may apply all arsenal of physlcal medlcal means
SpaLreaLmenL sclencea sclence abouL prevenLlve and medlcal appllcaLlon of naLural physlcal
medlcal means mlneral waLers dlrLles curaLlve cllmaLes ozokerlLe naphLalanum eLc and also
abouL Lhe organlzaLlon of a resorL affalr
1he modern physloLherapy has a huge arsenal of equlpmenL rooms and hardware of LreaLmenL
devlces of pulse currenLs mlcrowaves magneLlc flelds a laser and ulLravloleL lrradlaLlon
ulLrasound vlbraLlng Lens deslgns of baLhs douches and eLc Pave recelved Lhe blg developmenL of
physlopuncLure (laser elecLrlc Lhermal magneLlc eLc) physlopharmacoLherapy (elecLrophoresls
and phonophoresls of medlclnal subsLances medlclnal baLhs lnhalaLlons massage)
hysloLherapeuLlc sLudles or branches are avallable almosL ln each medlcal esLabllshmenL 1hey may
be speclallzed lnLended for one sLrucLure of paLlenLs or versaLlle usually ln large hosplLals and
polycllnlcs SLudles of physloLherapy and halls of physloLherapy exerclses make a basls of dlvlslons of
regeneraLlve LreaLmenL branches polycllnlcs hosplLals
1he sanaLorlum esLebllshLmenLs also bulld Lhelr work on Lhe basls of physloLherapy and LherapeuLlc
exerclses 1he sLrucLure of physloLherapeuLlc deparLmenLs usually lncludes sLudles (halls) of elecLrlc
llghL hydro warm and mechanlcal Lherapy
ll ClasslflcaLlon of physlcal medlcal means and meLhods
A LlecLrlc currenLs and meLhods of Lhelr appllcaLlon
1 LlecLrlc curreLs of a low volLage
galvanlc currenLs and medlcamenLal elecLrophoreses
lmpulse currenLs of consLanL and varlable dlrecLlons(dladynamlc Lherapyampllpulse
LherapylnLerference LherapyelecLrosleepelecLrosLlmul
LherapyulLraLoneLherapyflucLuorlsaLlonelecLropuncLure)
2 LlecLrlc curreLs of a hlgh volLage
local darsonvallzaLlon
a dlaLhermylrancllnlzaLlon
3LlecLrlc and magneLlc flelds
conLanL elecLrlc fleld of a hlgh volLage
consLanL magneLLlc fleld
varlable magneLlc fleld of low frequency
varlable magneLlc fleld of hlgh frequency
varlable elecLrlc fleld of ulLrahlgh frequency(uPl)
varlable elecLrlc fleld of super hlgh frequency(mlcrowave LherapyMW1)
4 LlghL radlaLlon
Seen rays
lnfrared radlaLlon
ulLravloleL rays
LaseroLherapy MonochromaLlc(coherenL) radlaLlon
3 Mechanlcal flucLuaLlons
lnfrasound(vlbraLlon)
ulLrasound
Massage manual Lherapy
honoLherapy
6 arLlflclal creaLed of alr medlum
Aerolonshydroaerolons
AerosolselecLrlcal aerosols
7 varlable alr pressure(baroLherapy)
8 8adloacLlve facLors
8adon
LappllcaLors
9 8alneologlcal facLors
lresh waLer
naLural and arLlflclal mlneral waLers
10 1he facLors of Lhermal Lherapy
Mudsaraffln
CzocerlLe
naphLhalanums
Cley
Send
rlnclple of asslgnmenL of opLlmum dosages
ln physloLherapy allocaLe four varlanLs of dosages (on force and duraLlons of lnfluence) very weak
weak average force and sLrong
Cn adapLable opporLunlLles of an lll organlsm from characLer of dlsease a phase of lLs developmenL
an acuLeness of process choose one of varlanLs of consLrucLlon of a doze WlLhln Lhe framework of
course of LreaLmenL baLchlng of procedures may change weak dozes gradually pass ln average
sLrong may weaken and eLc
AL sLrong palnful syndromes usually choose weak anesLheLlzlng dosages AL long chronlc dlsease Lhe
besL resulLs glve hlgh or average dozes of physlcal facLors Sparlng lnfluences hyslcal Lherapy ls
expedlenL aL people of elderly and senlle age aL chlldren aL Lhe weakened paLlenLs and also ln Lhe
sharp perlods of dlseases and Lraumas
8eLween prlnclples of opLlmum dosages and an lndlvlduallzaLlon of Lherapy Lhere ls a close
lnLerrelaLlon as selecLlon of opLlmum parameLers of procedures for Lhe concreLe paLlenL always
lndlvldual

rlnclple of lnLegraLed approach of physloLherapy
Complex Lherapy of many chronlc polyeLhyologlcal dlseases ls always more effecLlve Lhan
monoLherapy as lL provlde polysysLem lnfluences on dlfferenL parLs of paLhologlcal process ln Lhls
plan slgnlflcanL lnLeresL represenLs a comblnaLlon general (common) and local hyslcal Lherapy
procedures Lhe general procedures render malnly sLlmulaLlng or normallzlng lnfluence on sysLems of
an organlsm (nervous cardlovascular lmmune eLc) and Lhrough Lhem on currenL of local
paLhologlcal process Local ln Lhe much greaLer degree lnfluence on aus lLs dlsplays (local
blood clrculaLlon permeablllLy of Llssues phagocyLosls produclng of blologlcally acLlve subsLances
regeneraLlon of Llssue eLc)
1he complex may be made for LreaLmenL of one or several dlseases aL one person ln Lhe second
case danger of fallure of adapLaLlon of Llssues and an organlsm grows
1he medlcal complex may conslsL only of physlcal facLors LhaL ls frequenLly observed ln sanaLorlum
condlLlons or Lo lnclude physloLherapy exerclses massage psychoLherapy medlclnes eLc

rlnclple of dynamlsm of physloLherapy
Cne of frequenLly meeLlng lacks of work of many docLors lL ls especlal docLors of resorL
esLabllshmenLs absence of changes of parameLers of a medlcal complex ls durlng spenL Lherapy
aLlenLs dlfferenLly endure same elecLrlc balneoand fangoprocedures uurlng LreaLmenL average
may develop heavy physlobalneoreacLlons and be observed phase changes of a condlLlon of an
organlsm
LxcepL for lL accordlng Lo baslc researches of LParkavy Lkvaklna[ and MAukolova[ weak dosages
of physlcal lnfluence durlng a raLe of currenL gradually lL ls necessary Lo ampllfy and average wave
Lo change
1hus lL ls necessary Lo make changes Lo dosages and sLrucLure of a medlcal complex CorrecLlon of
dosages physloLherapeuLlc procedures provldes changes of LemperaLure of waLer or lnLenslLy of
ulLrasound Lhe area of lnfluence duraLlon alLernaLlon of procedures and so forLh on Lhe basls of
Lhe addlLlonal daLa recelved durlng course of LreaLmenL

rlnclple of Lhe accounL of blologlcal rhyLhms
As exlsL condlLlonally named momenLary dally monLhly year and oLher perlodlc changes of
lnLenslLy of varlous funcLlons of an organlsm Lhey should be Laken lnLo accounL ln asslgnmenL of
physloLherapy 1he physloLherapeuLlc equlpmenL based on use of Lhe glven momenLary rhyLhms of
lnLlmaLe acLlvlLy (devlces Syncardon ShpllLs" pressures chamber blosLlmulaLor of muscles (devlces
MyoLon Myocor eLc) rhyLhms of braln (LLC) some models of devlces of elecLrodream ls known lL
ls recommended Lo appolnL physloLherapeuLlc procedures ln vlew of dally rhyLhms Lonlc lL ls
beLLer ln flrsL half of day sedaLlve ln Lhe second elecLrodream ls more expedlenL ln mlddle of day
elecLrophoresls on a preparaLlon ln dlfferenL Llme of day

rlnclple of psychoLherapeuLlc poLenLlaLlon of physloprocedures
lL ls known LhaL aL reallzaLlon of LreaLmenL for Lhe paLlenL Lhe conslderable role ls played wlLh
suggesLlon auLoLrelnlng behavlour of Lhe medlcal personnel Accordlng Lo dlfferenL auLhors Lhe
psychoLherapeuLlc componenL ln physlcal Lherapy has Lhe hlgh lmporLance (3040 ) 1he dlsorder
ln a sLudy Lhe negllgenL aLLlLude lndlfference roughness of Lhe personnel ls doubLless have
negaLlve lnfluence on LreaLmenL And on Lhe conLrary cleanllness neaLness Lhe order pollLeness
Lhe easygolng aLLlLude of physlclans Lo Lhe paLlenL ralse efflclency of appllcaLlon MM 1he hlgh
esLlmaLlon Lhe medlcal personnel appolnLed physlcal procedures and concreLe acknowledgemenL of
Lhelr uLlllLy ls lmporLanL ls expedlenLly duly Lo Lell Lhe paLlenL abouL an opporLunlLy of occurrence of
unpleasanL sensaLlons a Llme aggravaLlon of dlsease malnly ln Lhe beglnnlng of course of
LreaLmenL occurrence of physlobalneologlcal reacLlons

rlnclple of prevenLlve appllcaLlon MM
Such physlcal (physlcal and chemlcal) facLors as alr ulLravloleL rays alrand hydroalr lons sauna
fresh and mlneral waLers Lhe general massage are Lhe wldespread means of lnlLlal
physloprophylaxls WlLh Lhelr help lL ls carrled ouL saauuau and lmprovemenL of people
Secondary physloprophylaxls ls lnLended for healLh lmprovemenL of paLlenLs wlLh Lhe famlly
household or professlonal rlsk facLors promoLlng developmenL of dlseases 8esldes Lhe speclfled
means wlLh Lhe prevenLlve purpose elecLrodream cerebral (cenLral) elecLroanesLhesla here may be
used communlcaLlng francllnlzaLlon mechanlcal prophylaxls local klnds of massage lnducLoLhermy
elecLro of medlclnal subsLances eLc
1erLlary physloprophylaxls spenL for Lhe prevenLlon of relapses and progress of varlous dlseases
uses all arsenal of physlcal medlcal and prevenLlve means
8ules of arrangemenL and operaLlon of physloLherapeuLlc sLudles (branches) 1he safeLy precauLlons
ln an operaLlng Llme ln Lhem
Are necessary for malnLenance of safe and opLlmum operaLlng condlLlons for Lhe personnel and
comforL for paLlenLs durlng reallzaLlon of physloLherapeuLlc procedures
lor each LreaLmenL from klnds separaLe premlses(rooms) (excepL for procedures of
elecLroLreaLmenL and a chromophoLoLherapy should be equlpped excepL for use of sLaLlonary hlgh
frequency generaLors and devlces for mlcrowave Lherapy)
hysloLherapeuLlc deparLmenLs (sLudles) lL ls forbldden Lo have ln basemenL semlbasemenL and
socle rooms whlch level of a sex ls below Lhan on 03 meLers of a mark of sldewalk 1he elecLrlc
equlpmenL of physloLherapeuLlc deparLmenLs (sLudles) should correspond exlsLlng Lo norms and
servlce regulaLlons of elecLrlc lnsLallaLlons and Lhe physloLherapeuLlc equlpmenL Lo parameLers
worklng medlcal and Lechnlcal requlremenLs
Cn use of Lhe domesLlc physloLherapeuLlc equlpmenL and also Lhe lmporL recommended
commlsslon on new englneerlng Lhe sancLlon of Lhe MlnlsLry of healLh proLecLlon ls necessary
1he rooms of Lhe physloLherapeuLlc deparLmenLs (sLudles) should use only on dlrecL reservlng
reallzaLlon ln Lhem of any oLher klnds of Lhe acLlvlLy whlch has been noL connecLed Lo use of Lhe
physloLherapeuLlc equlpmenL ls forbldden
ln Lhe physloLherapeuLlc deparLmenLs (sLudles) Lhe equlpmenL of a room (place) for resL of paLlenLs
aL Lhe raLe of 4 meLers square on 1 couch or 2 meLers square on 1 armchalr ls sLlpulaLed 1he
quanLlLy of places for resL (afLer recepLlon of Lhe Lhermal waLer and mud procedures) should make
80 ln relaLlon Lo workplaces (afLer oLher procedures 23 ) ln rooms for resL lL ls necessary Lo
provlde 40 of places armchalrs
lndependenL reallzaLlon of physloLherapeuLlc procedures ls auLhorlzed Lo persons wlLh Lhe speclal
secondary(supreme) medlcal educaLlon havlng Lhe cerLlflcaLe of Lhe endlng of courses of
speclallzaLlon ln a physloLherapy agrees Lhe program predlcaLed by Lhe MlnlsLry of publlc healLh lL
ls noL auLhorlzed Lo carry ouL physloLherapeuLlc procedures Lo Lhe younger medlcal personnel
ersons are more younger Lhan 18 years are noL supposed Lo work wlLh generaLors of Lhe hlgh and
ulLrahlgh frequencles and also lL ls forbldden belng of Lhem ln sphere of lnfluence of Lhe ulLra hlgh
frequency and superhlghfrequency radlaLlon
ln Lhe physloLherapeuLlc deparLmenLs (sLudles) should Lhe sysLemlc conLrol wlll be carrled ouL wlLh
Lhe purpose of reveallng radloacLlve radlaLlons alr polluLlons by ozone anLlbloLlcs a hydrogen
sulflde paraffln and by oLhers (proceedlng from speclflclLy of procedures) subsLances

Calvanlc currenL
lL ls Lhe currenL whlch ls noL varylng Lhe dlrecLlon ln space refers Lo as as a consLanL ln sysLem of
coordlnaLes aL lnvarlable volLage and reslsLance of conducLors Lhe dlrecL currenL ls expressed by a
dlrecL llne
erlodlcally closlng and breaclng Lhe elemenLs of an elecLrlc clrculL lL ls posslble Lo recelve an
lnLermlLenL dlrecL currenL
assage of a consLanL elecLrlc currenL of small force and pressure (volLage) Lhrough Llssues of an
organlsm wlLh Lhe medlcal purpose refers Lo as galvanlzlng AL slow and consLanL lncrease of force of
a currenL under elecLrodes Lhe paLlenL ln Lhe beglnnlng feels easy prlcklng burnlng and ls warm
WlLh lncrease of force of Lhe currenL Lhe abovesLaLed sensaLlons ampllfy Lhere ls a paln and
sensaLlon of squeezlng 1he descrlbed phenomena are caused by lrrlLaLlon of a leaLher (skln) and
lrrlLaLlon of skln nerves Alongslde wlLh lL qulckly accrues redness of Lhe skln kepL on a slLe of
lnfluence durlng one hour and even lL ls more of Lhe endlng of procedure of galvanlzlng 1he
LemperaLure of a skln ralses a llLLle lnfluence of a sLrong currenL may cause burns whlch are palnful
and badly heal
uurlng passage of a dlrecL currenL Lhrough a body movlng lons Lo Llssues of an organlsm beglns 1he
lons whlch have reached (achleved) elecLrodes glve Lhe charge and chemlcally acLlve aLoms Lurn ln
elecLrlcal neuLral buL roducLs of elecLrolysls (n+ CleLc) reacLlng wlLh waLer may cause burns of
a skln (formaLlon na (k) CP) 1o avold burns aL reallzaLlon of galvanlzlng beLween a skln and
elecLrodes lay Lhe wesL llnlngs molsLened wlLh waLer or soluLlon naCl due Lo whlch beLween a body
and a llquld Lhere ls an exchange of lons and producLs of elecLrolysls formed under elecLrodes lL ls
dlrecL wlLh a skln do noL ad[oln
lor reallzaLlon of procedure of galvanlzlng lL ls necessary devlces (SLream 1 CP 1 (2) 8
33 C8 1 M eLc) wlLh a source of a dlrecL currenL Lhe devlces glvlng an opporLunlLy Lo measure
force of a currenL and Lo ad[usL lLs slze conducLors cllps elecLrodes and also elecLrode llnlngs and a
fllLerlng paper
LlecLrosLlmulaLlon (LS)
LS appllcaLlons of lmpulslve elecLrlc currenL ln order Lo sLlmulaLe organs or sysLems acLlvlLy
lL ls admlnlsLered only afLer 4 weeks from dlsease beglnnlng (ln absence of lnflammaLlon)
lor LC Lhe lmpulslve currenLs of recLangular exponenLlal form wlLh duraLlon of lmpulses of 1300
ms and also alLernaLlng slnusold currenLs are applled by frequency 20003000 PerLzs whlch are
modulaLed by low frequencles ln a range 1013 PerLzs
AL LS muscles Lhe perlods of resL are alLernaLed wlLh Lhe perlods of serve of serles of lmpulses
(rhyLhmlc elecLrosLlmulaLlon)
ApparaLus CnlM1 Ampllpuls SLlmulus1
laclng of elecLrodes on a skln and descrlpLlon of currenL ls seL by a docLorphysloLherapy on Lhe
basls of lnformaLlon of elecLrodlagnosLlc research 1he place of locaLlon of elecLrodes needs Lo be
marked on a skln
SLlmulaLlon of muscles of exLremlLles Lrunk lnLernal organs carry ouL by plaLe elecLrodes and mlmlc
polnL (meLalllc plaLe by an area 12 c2 overLurn by a maLLer) or qullls elecLrode


LlecLrosLlmulaLlon of faclal muscles

An acLlve elecLrode (CaLhode) ls placed on Lhe pro[ecLlons of moLlve polnLs of Lhe nerves and
muscles lndlcaLed ln Lhe Lrba Lable AnoLher nonacLlve (Anode) beLween shoulderblades or
onlumbal dependlng on locallzaLlon of paLhologlcal processes
AL Lhe recepLlon of procedure a paLlenL musL noL feel Lhe slckly or unpleasanL feellngs SLrengLh of
currenL musL noL exceed 1013 mA duraLlon of procedure 1013 mlnuLes Course of LreaLmenL
2023 procedures
arL of body LhaL ls added Lo lnfluenclng musL be ln comforLable poslLlon LhaL muscular
conLracLlon was well evldenL and Look place wlLhouL Lhe obsLacles
Absence of conLracLlon of muscles or sharp paln durlng conducLlng of procedure LesLlfles Lo Lhe
wrong placlng of elecLrodes LhaL does noL colnclde wlLh moLlve polnLs ln such cases conducLlng of
procedure lnadvlsable
lndlcaLlons
pareslses paralyses
muscular aLrophy (afLer lmmoblllzaLlon)
aLony of lnLesLlne uLerus urlnary bladder
ConLralndlcaLlon
general
spasLlc condlLlons of skeleLal muscules and lnLernal organs
hysLerla


nLu8CMuSCuLA8 S1lMuLA1lCn
neuromuscular sLlmulaLlon has been used ln sLroke and splnal cord ln[ury rehablllLaLlon Lo lmprove
funcLlon 1he bulk of Lhe dlscusslon focuses on Lhe use of elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon ln musculoskeleLal
ln[urles neuromuscular sLlmulaLlon ls used for overcomlng reflex lnhlblLlon afLer an ln[ury Lo allow
Lhe esLabllshmenL of approprlaLe moLor engrams 8y programmlng approprlaLe engrams Lhe
ln[ured lndlvldual ls less llkely Lo use lnapproprlaLe muscle subsLlLuLlon paLLerns LhaL may lead Lo
fuLure ln[ury Muscle sLlmulaLlon also may be used Lo counLeracL lmmoblllzaLlon aLrophy lmprove
range of moLlon break down adheslons ln Lhe muscle and asslsL ln rellevlng paln and muscle spasm
ALhleLlc Lralners may use muscle elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon aL Lhe end of a season Lo counLeracL faLlgue
and less volunLary efforL durlng workouLs lL has also been markeLed for lmprovlng abdomlnal
muscle Lone wlLhouL havlng Lo do slLups AfLer nerve ln[urles such as brachlal plexopaLhy from a
fooLball sLlnger elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon has been used Lo malnLaln muscle vlablllLy
hyslologlc conLracLlon of muscle occurs ln a grade fashlon wlLh Lhe smaller faLlguereslsLanL moLor
unlLs Lype l belng recrulLed flrsL followed by larger and larger moLor unlLs WlLh elecLrlcal
sLlmulaLlon Lhe larger dlameLer 1ype ll faLlgable flbers are recrulLed flrsL Muscle Lenslon decreases
as Lhe flbers faLlgue unless Lhe unlL ls Lurned up Lxcesslve faLlgue can occur buL can be llmlLed by
glvlng adequaLe resL perlods beLween conLracLlons and llmlLlng Lhe duraLlon and frequency of Lhe
conLracLlons CrlLlclsm of Lhe nonphyslologlc muscle conLracLlon produced by dlrecL muscle elecLrlcal
sLlmulaLlon has led Lo a replacemenL of elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon wlLh acLlve asslsLed rangeofmoLlon
exerclses by Lhe aLhleLe
LlecLrlcal arameLers
SymmeLrlc blphaslc square waveforms have demonsLraLed beLLer paLlenL Lolerance compared wlLh
oLher waveforms 1hls waveform also allows generaLlon of a larger muscle conLracLlon compared Lo
a monophaslc waveform AsymmeLrlc blphaslc waveforms are used parLlcularly wlLh smaller
muscles buL have a greaLer lncldence of burns and skln lrrlLaLlon owlng Lo Lhe accumulaLlon of
charge under one elecLrode AmpllLude lnLenslLy ls seL as LoleraLed by Lhe paLlenL up Lo 100 mA 1he
greaLer Lhe lnLenslLy Lhe greaLer Lhe force generaLed by Lhe muscle conLracLlon ulse duraLlon
varles from 0204 msec and allows ad[usLmenL for paLlenL Lolerance when coupled wlLh varlable
ampllLude lnLenslLy A pulse duraLlon greaLer Lhan 10 msec ls assoclaLed wlLh sLlmulaLlon of paln
afferenLs Low frequencles are assoclaLed wlLh lncompleLe muscle conLracLlon AL 30 Pz Lhe muscle
demonsLraLes LeLanlzed conLracLlons uuLy cycle ls Lhe raLlo of on Llme (pulse Lraln duraLlon) Lo LoLal
Llme (on and off Llme) expressed as a percenLage lor orLhopedlc problems a 23 duLy cycle has
been suggesLed lf faLlgue ls a facLor Lhen Lhe duLy cycle can be reduced MosL unlLs have a ramp
feaLure 8amplng ls a parameLer LhaL allows a gradual lncrease Lo peak lnLenslLy LhaL ls over 2
seconds AfLer Lhe peak ampllLude ls malnLalned for a speclfled perlod Lhe lnLenslLy ls ramped
down 1hls parameLer LheoreLlcally allows an approxlmaLlon of a normal muscle conLracLlon and
greaLer paLlenL comforL lndlcaLlons and conLralndlcaLlons for neuromuscular elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon
are llsLed ln 1able 2 Adverse reacLlons Lyplcally occur wlLh skln allergles Lo Lhe elecLrodes
mechanlcal lrrlLaLlon from Lhe elecLrodes and occaslonally lLchlng or skln burn due Lo accumulaLlon
of charge under one elecLrode
Cllnlcal uses
neuromuscular elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon use ls ublqulLous wlLh musculoskeleLal ln[urles ln aLhleLes
AfLer an ln[ury paln and [olnL effuslon can lead Lo lnhlblLlon or parLlal lnhlblLlon of muscular
conLracLlon 1hls ls parLlcularly common ln Lhe lnlLlal phases of rehablllLaLlon Muscles near Lhe [olnL
are more commonly affecLed LlecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon reduces edema llkely from muscular pumplng
acLlon Cnce acuLe swelllng and severe paln are conLrolled neuromuscular sLlmulaLlon can be an
effecLlve muscle reeducaLlon Lool ALrophy can be mlnlmlzed as well CLher uses are purporLed Lo
decrease muscle and Lendon adheslons and scarrlng 1heoreLlcally lf a muscle or Lendons are
sLralned scar Llssue develops as a parL of Lhe heallng process 1he aLhleLe may percelve a feellng of
pulllng or LlghLness LlecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon ln an lsomeLrlc conLracLlon purporLedly allows Lhe mosL
muscle sLreLch and break up of Lhe adheslons and scar Llssue
1he effecLlveness of neuromuscular sLlmulaLlon ln Lhe prevenLlon of posLoperaLlve aLrophy of Lhe
quadrlceps and hamsLrlngs afLer anLerlor cruclaLe llgamenL reconsLrucLlon was sLudled 1he sub[ecLs
were randomlzed alLhough Lhe acLual randomlzaLlon process ls noL well descrlbed All Lhree groups
underwenL early posLoperaLlve exerclse Lralnlng 1he oLher Lwo groups were LreaLed wlLh elLher
1LnS or a neuromuscular sLlmulaLor CuLcomes were measured by a bllnded examlner and lncluded
lsomeLrlc and lsoklneLlc sLrengLh LesLlng AlLhough Lhe LesL was descrlbed as doublebllnded Lhere
were no sham unlLs used Lhus Lhe sLudy was slnglebllnded Lach group had 1417 sub[ecLs 1he
researchers found no dlfference ln sLrengLh beLween any of Lhe groups ower analysls was noL
performed 1hus Lhe lack of dlfference may be due Lo small sample slze Powever Lhls flndlng ls
conslsLenL wlLh oLher sLudles ln healLhy sub[ecLs uslng comblnaLlons of elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon and
exerclse 1here were no slgnlflcanL dlfferences ln sLrengLh beLween volunLary exerclse versus
volunLary exerclse plus elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon even aL frequencles of 2300 Pz neuromuscular
elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon has been effecLlve ln overcomlng quadrlceps lnhlblLlon ln chondromalacla and
subluxlng paLellae Lo faclllLaLe a sLrengLhLralnlng program
neuromuscular elecLrlcal sLlmulaLlon has also been used recenLly ln comblnaLlon wlLh 1LnS for paln
conLrol ln chronlc back paln 1he comblnaLlon reduced paln lnLenslLy and sub[ecLs reporLed greaLer
rellef from paln compared wlLh Lhe use of elLher modallLy alone All Lhree LreaLmenL arms
demonsLraLed reducLlons ln paln compared wlLh placebo 1he placebo unlL dellvered no sLlmulus buL
had a funcLlonlng lndlcaLor llghL unforLunaLely Lhe sLudy deslgn was randomlzed repeaLed
measures Lach sub[ecL experlenced all four LreaLmenLs allowlng posslble unbllndlng of Lhe placebo