AT2404 AUTOMOTIVE POLLUTION AND CONTROL

Question Bank PART A 1. How emissions are formed during transient operation of IC engines? 2. What are the harmful effects of various pollutants? 3. How unburnt hydrocarbons are formed in SI engines?

4. What is the effect of inlet air temperature on NO formation in SI engines? 5. How aldehyde emissions are formed in CI engines? 6. What is the effect of quantity of fuel injected on black smoke formation in SI engines? 7. What is a thermal reactor? What for it is used? 8. Name few catalysts used for oxidation and reduction of emissions in IC Engine exhaust. 9. What is meant by FID? What is the significance of it? 10. What is the basic principle of gas chromatograph used for IC engine emission measurement? 11. What are the effects of I.C. Engine Pollution? 12. What are the sources of pollution in I.C. Engine? 13. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. How HC emission is formed? What is particulate emission? What is aldehyde emission? Define EGR. What is meant by fumigation? What are NDIR and FID techniques? 14. What are the factors contributing to NOx emission?

20. What is gas chromatograph.

Part B 1. Explain in detail about the various sources of IC engine responsible for emission and pollutant formation. 2. Illustrate and explain the effects of combustion time and spark timing on NO formation in SI engines. 3. How the carbon monoxide is formed in SI engines? Explain the effect of O2 concentration on CO formation in SI engines. 4. Explain in detail about the combined effect of engine speed, cetane number and combustion time on nitric oxide formation in CI engines. 5.Explain in detail about the following: (i) (ii) Blake smoke White smoke

(iii) Blue smoke (iv) Particulates. 6. With the aid of a neat cross sectional sketch explainthe construction, working and limitations of a 3 way catalytic converter. 7. Explain in detail about the open and closed type PVC system. Also state that what for it is used. 8. With the help of a schematic diagram explain the working of CLA (Chemiluminescent analyzer). What for it is used? 9. Explain the working of an instrument used for the measurement of CO and CO2 from IC engines.

10.

(i) Explain in detail how gas chromatograph is used for measuring emission in I.C.

Engines. (ii) What are the merits and demerits of unleaded gasoline? 11. What are the operating variables and how they contribute on emission formation? How can it be controlled? 12.How HC and CO and NOx emissions are formed in 4 stroke and 2 stroke engines? How they can be minimized in engine design concepts. 13.Differentiate smoke and particulate emission. Explain the diffusion funnel method to measure particulate emission in a diesel engine. 14.(i) How aldehyde emissions are formed? How can it be measured? (ii) Explain different methods of smoke measurement.

15. (i)Explain PVC system in a diesel engine. (ii)What is the necessity of exhaust gas re-circulation? Explain in detail. 16. (i) What are thermal reactors? Explain their constructions. (ii) Explain three way catalytic converter. 17. (a)What are driving cycles? What are the various driving cycles in practice? Explain any one of them. 18. (i) Explain with a schematic diagram how chemiluminescent analyzer is used for exhaust measurement? (ii) Sketch and explain FID technique.