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ABOUT THE PRO1ECT

Introduction


This project report is submitted in partial IulIillment oI the requirement Ior MCA.The
course include a topic 'Airline Reservation System .This project work is a golden opportunity
Ior us to apply the theoretically learn tips Ior system Analysis and Designing oI a system
practically. SaIIron company help me a lot to work on project and how we can apply theoretical
concept practically to work on project.
The Project Titled 'Airline Reservation System is a web based applications which
involve to manage Ilight inIormation, how many Ilights on our site. .By using this, No one has to
waste time to stand in a queue to book Ticket. This Airline Reservation System will have all the
necessary parts in order to handle the Reservation system. Customer are able to search Ior Ilight
that he/she looking in our database on the basis oI Flight date, origin and Destination. II they like
to book Ilight then he/she have to register Ior an account. Upon registering a user can book Ilight
and get a conIirmed Ticket to Ily in air. This system also provide Iacility to customer to book
Domestic Ilight or International Ilight. Any user can visit this system whether they are registered
user or guest. But to book ticket Iirst they have to login our account. To become a member oI
Airline Reservation System it provide signup Iacility. To book Ticket Iirst they have to login our
account, aIter that he/she can book ticket. This system also provides Iare rules and terms and
condition oI this system. Customer can easily use this system and book ticket. To get ticket
customer have to take printout oI the conIirmed ticket page.






unctions that is available for customers:
Registration Ior an account
Login/Logout
Search Ior Ilight(Domestic or International )
Book Ticket
Take printout oI Ticket




unctions that is available to Admin:

Add New Flight InIormation
Delete/Update Flight InIormation
Search particular Flight InIoramtion
Search Customer InIormation


Main Modules Of the Project

1. Login Module
. Search Flight Module
. Book Flight Module
4. Flight List Report
5. Customer List Report




4

ogin Module :-

This is the Iirst module oI the soItware. This is very important Irom the security point oI
view. Only an authorize user is allowed to enter in the system. This is assured by this module. In
this module there is login Iorm, which has t o be Iilled by two inIormation. One is User name
and another is password and one is persistent cookie which maintain user inIormation in system.
When a user enters his name and password, the system send a request in the database to check
that this user is entry is existing there or not. II the user name and password matches the given
user name and password in the database the logging is successIul and iI it is not than logging is
Iailed and an error message is generated by the system which tells that you are not a registered
user.
The user oI the system is created by the system administrator. System administrator
creates the logging id and password Ior the user. This can be changed also by altering the entry
in the database. All the users inIormation is stored in the database which is also very secured. So
this insure the complete security or the system and preent rom the inormation lost.



2 .Search light Module :-

This is the Module in which customer can search Ilight that he/she want.
This module has an input Iorm which is being Iield by the user oI the system.In this
module there is origin place,destination place,Depart date,Return Date.In this module there is
two option button Ior user one is one way and another is round way.User has to select whether
he/she book one way or Round way trip.

. Book light Module:-

This is the Module in which booking inIormation is stored.This module has an input Iorm
which is being Iield by the user oI the system.This module contain inIormation related to
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booking oI Ilight.It contain CustomerID,Name,Address,Passenger Name, Passenger strength
Chidren age.


4. Ilight ist Report :-

This module is Ior the report generation.The Reporting module is one oI the most
important module oI any system. The Correct reports provide the guarantee that the particular
system in use is Iunctioning correct and it can be trusted Ior the Iuture point oI view also.
This module generates the report which helps the coordinator to view various Ilights
that serve various customer.The user can not edit the inIormation displayed the Iorm. And also
user .

5. Customer ist Report :-

This module is Ior the report generation.The Reporting module is one oI the most
important module oI any system. The Correct reports provide the guarantee that the particular
system in use is Iunctioning correct and it can be trusted Ior the Iuture point oI view also.
This module generates the report which helps the coordinator to view various customer
inIormation that are registered in this system.The user can edit his inIormation displayed the
Iorm.not others he can only view other inIormation.

















EATURES O THE PRO1ECT


~Airline Reservation System will provide a lot oI help to the customer.It helps
customer to book ticket online.customer are able to search Ior Ilight that he/she looking in our
database on the basis oI Ilight date,origin and destination.By using this system no one has to
waste time by standing in queue to book ticket.Customer can book ticket Irom anyplace whether
he/she is in home or oIIice.


There are Iollowing Ieatures oI 'Airline Reservation System:

It provide Login/Logout Iacility.

Password protected user Iunctions.

Password protected administrative Iunctions.

It provide signup Iacility,to become a member.

Real client/server environment reachable all over the world.

Administrator can add inIinite number oI Ilight inIormation.

Administrator can able to delete,update Ilight inIormation.

Customer can able to search Ilight that he/she looking.

Customer can able to book Ilight & get ticket easily.

This system is easy to use no more training require.

Security measures so those only users with privileges can access the admin Module.


ADVANTAGES O THE PRO1ECT


~Airline Reservation System will provide a lot oI advantageous to the customer.It
helps customer to book ticket online.customer are able to search Ior Ilight that he/she looking in
our database on the basis oI Ilight date,origin and destination. By using this system no one has to
waste time by standing in queue to book ticket.Customer can book ticket Irom anyplace whether
he/she is in home or oIIice.It provide lot oI beneIits to customers.

There are Iollowing advantageous oI 'Airline Reservation System:

It help customer to search Ilight Irom origin to destination.

It provide login/logout Iacility.

It help administrator to delete,update Ilight inIormation.

It provide signup Iacility to become a member.

It help administrator to add inIinite number oI Ilight inIormation.

It help customer to book ticket online.

.It provide excellent & Iast service to customer.

It save customer time,now he/she has no need to stand in a queue to book ticket.

It provide lot oI beneIit to company,now there is no need oI large staII to manage
reservation system.

It has real client/server environment reachable all around the world.

Security measures so those only users with privileges can access the admin Module.








































Microsoft .Net ramework:

.NET Framework is made up oI the Common Language Runtime (CLR), the Base Class
Library (System Classes). This allows us to build our own services (Web Services or Windows
Services) and Web Applications (Web Iorms Or Asp .Net), and Windows applications (Windows
Iorms).




Above Picture shows overall picture, demonstrating how the .NET languages Iollows rules
provided by the Common Language SpeciIications (CLS). These languages can all be used?
Independently to build application and can all be used with built-in data describers (XML) and
data assessors (ADO .NET and SQL). Every component oI the .NET Framework can take
advantage oI the large pre- built library oI classes called the Framework Class Library (FCL).
Once everything is put together, the code
that is created is executed in the Common Language Runtime. Common Language Runtime is
designed to allow any .NET-compliant language to execute its code. At the time oI writing, these
languages included VB .Net, C# and C .NET, but any language can become .NET- compliant,
iI they Iollow CLS rules.


10

MICROSOT .NET EATURES:


Powerful Windows-based Applications :

.NET comes with Ieatures such as a powerIul new Iorms designer, an in-place menu
editor, and automatic control anchoring and docking. Visual Basic .NET delivers new
productivity Ieatures Ior building more robust applications easily and quickly. With an improved
integrated development environment (IDE) and a signiIicantly reduced startup time,

Building Web-based Applications:

With Visual Basic .NET we can create Web applications using the shared Web Forms
Designer and the Iamiliar "drag and drop" Ieature. You can double-click and write code to
respond to events. Visual Basic .NET 00 comes with an enhanced HTML Editor Ior working
with complex Web pages.

Simplified Deployment:

With Visual Basic .NET we can build applications more rapidly and deploy and maintain
them with eIIiciency. Visual Basic .NET 00 and .NET Framework 1.1 makes "DLL Hell" a
thing oI the past. Side-by-side versioning enables multiple versions oI the same component to
live saIely on the same machine so that applications can use a speciIic version oI a component.

Powerful, lexible, Simplified Data Access:

You can tackle any data access scenario easily with ADO.NET and ADO data access.
The Ilexibility oI ADO.NET enables data binding to any database, as well as classes, collections,
and arrays, and provides true XML representation oI data.





11


ull Object-Oriented Constructs:

You can create reusable, enterprise-class code using Iull object-oriented constructs.
Language Ieatures include Iull implementation inheritance, encapsulation, and polymorphism.
Structured exception handling provides a global error handler.

XM Web Services:

XML Web services enable you to call components running on any platIorm using open
Internet protocols. Working with XML Web services is easier where enhancements simpliIy the
discovery and consumption oI XML Web services that are located within any Iirewall. XML
Web services can be built as easily as you would build any class in Visual Basic .0. The XML
Web service project template builds all underlying Web service inIrastructure.

Mobile Applications:

Visual Basic .NET 00 and the .NET Framework 1.1 oIIer integrated support Ior
developing mobile Web applications Ior more than 00 Internet-enabled mobile devices. These
new Ieatures give developers a single, mobile Web interIace and programming model to support
a broad range oI Web devices, including WML 1.1 Ior WAPenabled cellular phones, compact
HTML (cHTML) Ior i-Mode phones, and HTML Ior Pocket PC, handheld devices, and pagers.

Upgrade Wizard:

You upgrade your code to receive all oI the beneIits oI Visual Basic .NET 00. The
Visual Basic .NET Upgrade Wizard, available in Visual Basic .NET 00 Standard Edition, and
higher, upgrades up to 5 percent oI existing Visual Basic code and Iorms to Visual Basic .NET
with new support Ior Web classes and User Controls.



1


eatures of the Common anguage Runtime:-

The common language runtime manages memory, thread execution, code execution, code
saIety veriIication, compilation, and other system services. These Ieatures are intrinsic to the
managed code that runs on the common language runtime.
With regards to security, managed components are awarded varying degrees oI trust,
depending on a number oI Iactors that include their origin (such as the Internet, enterprise
network, or local computer). This means that a managed component might or might not be able
to perIorm Iile-access operations, registry-access operations, or other sensitive Iunctions, even iI
it is being used in the same active application.
The runtime enIorces code access security. For example, users can trust that an
executable embedded in a Web page can play an animation on screen or sing a song, but cannot
access their personal data, Iile system, or network. The security Ieatures oI the runtime thus
enable legitimate Internet-deployed soItware to be exceptionally Ieature rich.
The runtime also enIorces code robustness by implementing a strict type- and code-
veriIication inIrastructure called the common type system (CTS). The CTS ensures that all
managed code is selI-describing. The various MicrosoIt and third-party language compilers
generate managed code that conIorms to the CTS. This means that managed code can consume
other managed types and instances, while strictly enIorcing type Iidelity and type saIety.
In addition, the managed environment oI the runtime eliminates many common soItware
issues. For example, the runtime automatically handles object layout and manages reIerences to
objects, releasing them when they are no longer being used. This automatic memory
management resolves the two most common application errors, memory leaks and invalid
memory reIerences.
The runtime also accelerates developer productivity. For example, programmers can
write applications in their development language oI choice, yet take Iull advantage oI the
runtime, the class library, and components written in other languages by other developers. Any
compiler vendor who chooses to target the runtime can do so. Language compilers that target the
.NET Framework make the Ieatures oI the .NET Framework available to existing code written in
that language, greatly easing the migration process Ior existing applications.
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While the runtime is designed Ior the soItware oI the Iuture, it also supports soItware oI
today and yesterday. Interoperability between managed and unmanaged code enables developers
to continue to use necessary COM components and DLLs.
The runtime is designed to enhance perIormance. Although the common language
runtime provides many standard runtime services, managed code is never interpreted. A Ieature
called just-in-time (JIT) compiling enables all managed code to run in the native machine
language oI the system on which it is executing. Meanwhile, the memory manager removes the
possibilities oI Iragmented memory and increases memory locality-oI-reIerence to Iurther
increase perIormance.
Finally, the runtime can be hosted by high-perIormance, server-side applications, such as
MicrosoIt SQL Server and Internet InIormation Services (IIS). This inIrastructure enables
you to use managed code to write your business logic, while still enjoying the superior
perIormance oI the industry's best enterprise servers that support runtime hosting.




.NET RAMEWORK CASS IBRARY:-

The .NET Framework class library is a collection oI reusable types that tightly integrate
with the common language runtime. The class library is object oriented, providing types Irom
which your own managed code can derive Iunctionality. This not only makes the .NET
Framework types easy to use, but also reduces the time associated with learning new Ieatures oI
the .NET Framework. In addition, third-party components can integrate seamlessly with classes
in the .NET Framework.
For example, the .NET Framework collection classes implement a set oI interIaces that
you can use to develop your own collection classes. Your collection classes will blend
seamlessly with the classes in the .NET Framework.
As you would expect Irom an object-oriented class library, the .NET Framework types
enable you to accomplish a range oI common programming tasks, including tasks such as string
management, data collection, database connectivity, and Iile access. In addition to these common
tasks, the class library includes types that support a variety oI specialized development scenarios.
14

For example, you can use the .NET Framework to develop the Iollowing types oI applications
and services:
O Console applications.
O Scripted or hosted applications.
O Windows GUI applications (Windows Forms).
O ASP.NET applications.
O XML Web services.
O Windows services.
For example, the Windows Forms classes are a comprehensive set oI reusable types that
vastly simpliIy Windows GUI development. II you write an ASP.NET Web Form application,
you can use the Web Forms classes.
Client Application Development:
Client applications are the closest to a traditional style oI application in Windows-based
programming. These are the types oI applications that display windows or Iorms on the desktop,
enabling a user to perIorm a task. Client applications include applications such as word
processors and spreadsheets, as well as custom business applications such as data-entry tools,
reporting tools, and so on. Client applications usually employ windows, menus, buttons, and
other GUI elements, and they likely access local resources such as the Iile system and peripherals
such as printers.
Another kind oI client application is the traditional ActiveX control (now replaced by the
managed Windows Forms control) deployed over the Internet as a Web page. This application is
much like other client applications: it is executed natively, has access to local resources, and
includes graphical elements.

Server Application Development:-

Server-side applications in the managed world are implemented through runtime hosts.
Unmanaged applications host the common language runtime, which allows your custom
managed code to control the behavior oI the server. This model provides you with all the Ieatures
oI the common language runtime and class library while gaining the perIormance and scalability
oI the host server.The Iollowing illustration shows a basic network schema with managed code
15

running in diIIerent server environments. Servers such as IIS and SQL Server can perIorm
standard operations while your application logic executes through the managed code.

Server-Side Managed code

ASP.NET is the hosting environment that enables developers to use the .NET Framework
to target Web-based applications. However, ASP.NET is more than just a runtime host; it is a
complete architecture Ior developing Web sites and Internet-distributed objects using managed
code. Both Web Forms and XML Web services use IIS and ASP.NET as the publishing
mechanism Ior applications, and both have a collection oI supporting classes in the .NET
Framework.
XML Web services, an important evolution in Web-based technology, are distributed,
server-side application components similar to common Web sites. However, unlike Web-based
applications, XML Web services components have no UI and are not targeted Ior browsers such
as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Instead, XML Web services consist oI reusable
soItware components designed to be consumed by other applications, such as traditional client
applications, Web-based applications, or even other XML Web services. As a result, XML Web
services technology is rapidly moving application development and deployment into the highly
distributed environment oI the Internet.
The .NET Framework also provides a collection oI classes and tools to aid in
development and consumption oI XML Web services applications. XML Web services are built
on standards such as SOAP (a remote procedure-call protocol), XML (an extensible data Iormat),
and WSDL (the Web Services Description Language). The .NET Framework is built on these
standards to promote interoperability with non-MicrosoIt solutions.


1

Microsoft ASP. NET:

Introduction:-

ASP.NET is the latest version oI Active server pages(ASP),MicrosoIt`s server-side web
technology Ior building dynamic,interactive and database-driven web sites.ASP.NET is the next
era oI web development.ASP.Net is a new and powerIul server side technology Ior creating
dynamic web pages.It is one oI a set oI technologies that comprise the MicrosoIt.Net
Framework.It allows us to use a Iull Ieatured programming language such as C# or VB.Net to
build web application easily.It gives us Iull server side object oriented Iunctionality.It is a
robust,easy to use solution Ior developing complex web sites,Rather then building simple pages
that are only Ior display,you will create web pages that visitors can interact with in wonderIul
ways.
ASP.Net Application are based on Common Language Runtime(CLR),.Net class
libraries & other tools integrated with MicrosoIt .Net Iramework.Asp.Net is a server technology
that brings together the diIIerent pieces oI web to give web site developers more power then
ever.Asp.Net solve the problem in request/response modal.In this modal server has no idea what
is happening on client,unless it make another request.To solve this problem ther is another modal
Ior communicating between server & clients known as 'Event Driven Modal.In this server
waits around Ior something to happen on the client.Once it does,the server takes action &
perIorm some piece oI Iunctionality.Asp.Net relies on clever client side processing to simulate
an event driven modal.Using client side script,Asp.Net supplies inIormation about what the
client is doing during requests.whenever something is happens on the client,a client side script
executes & send inIormation to the server just as submitting a Iorm send inIormation to a
server.Asp.Net ties together the server & the client,which allows developers to do things in web
pages.ASP.NET is a programming Iramework built on the common language runtime that can be
used on a server to build powerIul Web applications.

ADVANTAGES O ASP.NET

ASP.NET hopes to 'do Ior the web that visual basic has done Ior windows.visual basic
provides a graphical IDE,in which developers can simply drag & drop components Irom the
1

toolbar and create traditional client/server applications.The actual coding required is minimal and
contains just application speciIic logic.Asp.Net expects to reduce and replace coding with
components.It heralds the next generation oI web applications,which are based on component-
oriented programming.The chieI advantages oI Asp.Net are listed below :-

Support or Programming anguages :-

ASP.NET pages are developed using .Net-compatible programming languages such
as VB.Net and C#.This improves perIormance in two ways.The source code is compiled,not
interpreted .secondly,the strong typing supported by these languages enables early binding.

anguage-Independence :-

ASP.NET applications can be developed using any one oI the .Net-compatible
programming languages.A single application can contain pages and components developed
using diIIerent languages.This enables you to leverage the existing programming skills oI
diIIerent team members.

Simplified Development :-

ASP.NET minimizes the amount oI coding required to develop an application by
using server-side controls and event-driven programming.The server-side controls are
declarative in nature.You can even convert HTML elements into server-side controls and
manipulate them on the server using an intuitive object model.

Client Platform Independence :-

ASP.NET supports multiple client platIorms,including mobile devices.It supports
XML and can exchange data with other resources on the internet using this language.

Web Services :-

ASP.NET supports the new technology oI web services,which is used Ior accessing
application-logic and transIerring data across the internet.
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Support or .Net ramework :-

ASP.NET is part oI the .Net Framework.The .Net Framework provides almost 4000
classes that can be used in ASP.NET pages.

Support or Caching :-

ASP.NET supports page and data caching that enables you to improve the perIormance
oI your applications.

Support or Separation Of Code and Content :-

Usually, Web applications involved web developers, people who write the application
logic, and web designers, people who design the layout oI the application. Separating code and
content enables these two groups to work independently oI each other. It also simpliIies
maintenance.

Backward Compatibility :-

ASP.NET maintains backward compatibility with earlier versions oI ASP,COM and
COM,and even the windows operating System.The Iile extension oI ASP.NET application is
.aspx,diIIerent Irom the Iile extension oI ASP application,.asp.This implies that ASP application
can be run along with ASP.NET applications and developers can migrate to the new platIorm as
their requirement increase.By deIault,Iiles with extension,.asp are mapped by IIS to asp.dll,and
Iiles with the extension,.aspx are mapped to aspnetisapi.dll.








1

ASP.NET AND .NET RAMEWORK

ASP.NET is a uniIied web platIorm that provides all the services necessary Ior you to
build enterprise-class applications.It,in turn,is built on the .Net Framework,so the entire
Iramework is available to any ASP.NET application.The .Net Framework acts as an interIace
between ASP.NET applications and the operating System.


















ASP.NET and .NET Framework

The .Net Framework is an application Iramework that provides you with thousands oI
programming classes to meet almost every programming requirement.The .Net Framework also
provides the runtime environment Ior ASP.NET applications.










Web Clients
ASP.NET
Applications
IIS
.NET
ramework
Windows NT/2000
Operating System
0

SECURITY MANAGEMENT

ASP.NET works in concert with the .NET Framework and IIS to provide web
application security.To secure an ASP.NET application,you must perIorm the three Iundamental
Iunctions,authentication,authorization and impersonation.

O Authentication :- It assures that the user is,in Iact,who the user claims to be.User
credentials(such as name and password)are validated against some authority.ASP.NET
implements additional authentication methods that apply
AIter IIS authentication mechanisms.ASP.NET authentication methods include windows
Authentication,passport and Forms.ASP.NET controls access to site inIormation by compairing
authenticated credentials,or representations oI them,to NTFS Iile system permissions or to an
XML Iile that lists authorized users,authorized roles Or authorized HTTP verbs.

O Authorization :- It limits access rights by granting or denying speciIic permissions to
an authenticated identity.

O Impersonation:-It enables the ASP.NET application to execute in the context oI an
authenticated or anonymous user.When the request is passed to the application Irom IIS.Access
is then granted or denied based on the impersonated identity.IIS can also grant or deny access
based on a user`s host name or IP address.ASP.NET application developer also has access to all
oI the built in security Ieatures oI the .NET Iramework,such as code access security and role
based user access security.







1

OVERVIEW O THE .NET RAMEWORK:-

WEB SERVICES:-
Web services provide a web-enabled user interIace with tools that include various
hypertext markup language (HTML) controls and web controls. Web services also handle
various web protocols, security, when code is targeted Ior .NET, it is called managed code,
which means that the code automatically runs under a 'contract oI cooperation with the CLR.
Managed code supplies the inIormation necessary Ior the runtime to provide services such as
memory management, cross-language integration, code access security, and the automatic
liIetime control oI all oI our objects.
The .NET Framework is a new computing platIorm that simpliIies application
development in the highly distributed environment oI the Internet. The .NET Framework is
designed to IulIill the Iollowing objectives:
O To provide a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is
stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or executed
remotely.
O To provide a code-execution environment that minimizes soItware deployment and
versioning conIlicts.
O To provide a code-execution environment that guarantees saIe execution oI code,
including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party.
O To provide a code-execution environment that eliminates the perIormance problems oI
scripted or interpreted environments.
O To make the developer experience consistent across widely varying types oI applications,
such as Windows-based applications and Web-based applications.
To build all communication on industry standards to ensure that code based on the .NET
Framework can integrate with any other code.
The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language runtime and the
.NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the Ioundation oI the .NET
Framework. You can think oI the runtime as an agent that manages code at execution time,
providing core services such as memory management, thread management, and remoting, while
also enIorcing strict type saIety and other Iorms oI code accuracy that ensure security and


robustness. In Iact, the concept oI code management is a Iundamental principle oI the runtime.
Code that targets the runtime is known as managed code, while code that does not target the
runtime is known as unmanaged code. The class library, the other main component oI the .NET
Framework, is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection oI reusable types that you can use to
develop applications ranging Irom traditional command-line or graphical user interIace (GUI)
applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web
Forms and XML Web services.The .NET Framework can be hosted by unmanaged components
that load the common language runtime into their processes and initiate the execution oI
managed code, thereby creating a soItware environment that can exploit both managed and
unmanaged Ieatures. The .NET Framework not only provides several runtime hosts, but also
supports the development oI third-party runtime hosts.For example, ASP.NET hosts the runtime
to provide a scalable, server-side environment Ior managed code. ASP.NET works directly with
the runtime to enable Web Forms applications and XML Web services, both oI which are
discussed later in this topic.The Iollowing illustration shows the relationship oI the common
language runtime and the class library to your applications and to the overall system.

The illustration also shows how managed code operates within a larger architecture.



The ADO.NET Data Architecture

Data Access in ADO.NET relies on two components: DataSet and Data Provider.

Dataset:

The dataset is a disconnected, in-memory representation oI data. It can be considered as a
local copy oI the relevant portions oI the database. The DataSet is persisted in memory and the
data in it can be manipulated and updated independent oI the database. When the use oI this
DataSet is Iinished, changes can be made back to the central database Ior updating.

Data Provider:

The Data Provider is responsible Ior providing and maintaining the connection to the
database. A DataProvider is a set oI related components that work together to provide data in an
eIIicient and perIormance driven manner. The .NET Framework currently comes with two
DataProviders: the SQL Data Provider which is designed only to work with MicrosoIt's SQL
Server .0 or later and the OleDb DataProvider which allows us to connect to other types oI
databases like Access and Oracle. Each DataProvider consists oI the Iollowing component
classes:

The Connection object which provides a connection to the database.
The Command object which is used to execute a command
The DataReader object which provides a Iorward-only, read only, connected recordset. The
DataAdapter object which populates a disconnected DataSet with data and perIorms update.






4

Data access with ADO.NET can be summarized as follows:

A connection object establishes the connection Ior the application with the database. The
command object provides direct execution oI the command to the database. II the command
returns more than a single value, the command object returns a DataReader to provide the data.
Alternatively, the DataAdapter can be used to Iill the Dataset object. The database can be
updated using the command object or the DataAdapter.







5


DESIGN GOAS OR ADO.NET:-

As application development has evolved, new applications have become loosely coupled
based on the Web application model. More and more oI today's applications use XML to encode
data to be passed over network connections. Web applications use HTTP as the Iabric Ior
communication between tiers, and thereIore must explicitly handle maintaining state between
requests. This new model is very diIIerent Irom the connected, tightly coupled style oI
programming that characterized the client/server era, where a connection was held open Ior the
duration oI the program's liIetime and no special handling oI state was required.
ADO.NET was designed to meet the needs oI this new programming model:
disconnected data architecture, tight integration with XML, common data representation with the
ability to combine data Irom multiple and varied data sources, and optimized Iacilities Ior
interacting with a database, all native to the .NET Framework.
In creating ADO.NET, MicrosoIt embraced the Iollowing design goals.

everage Current ADO Knowledge:-

The design Ior ADO.NET addresses many oI the requirements oI today's application
development model. At the same time, the programming model stays as similar as possible to
ADO, so current ADO developers do not have to start Irom the beginning in learning a brand
new data access technology. ADO.NET is an intrinsic part oI the .NET Framework without
seeming completely Ioreign to the ADO programmer. ADO.NET coexists with ADO. While
most new .NET-based applications will be written using ADO.NET, ADO remains available to
the .NET programmer through .NET COM interoperability services.

Support The N-Tier Programming Model:-

ADO.NET provides Iirst-class support Ior the disconnected, n-tier programming
environment Ior which many new applications are written. The concept oI working with a
disconnected set oI data has become a Iocal point in the programming model.


Integrate Xml Support

XML and data access are intimately tied XML is all about encoding data, and data
access is increasingly becoming all about XML. The .NET Framework does not just support
Web standards it is built entirely on top oI them.
XML support is built into ADO.NET at a very Iundamental level. The XML classes in
the .NET Framework and ADO.NET are part oI the same architecture they integrate at many
diIIerent levels. You no longer have to choose between the data access set oI services and their
XML counterparts; the ability to cross over Irom one to the other is inherent in the design oI
both.


INTRODUCTION TO SQ SERVER

What is SQ server?

SQL server is a client/server relational database management system
(RDBMS) that uses the transact-SQL to send request between the client and SQL server.

Why use SQ server as back end?

SQL server is designed to be a client/server system. Client/server systems are constructed
so that the database can reside on central computer known as Server and be shared among
several users. When users want to access the data in SQL server, they run an application on their
local computer known as client that connects over a network to the server running SQL server.
SQL server can work with thousands oI client applications simultaneously. The server has
Ieatures to prevent the logical problems that occur iI a user tries to read or modiIy data currently
being used by others. While SQL server is designed to work as a client/server network, it is also
capable oI working as a stand-alone database directly on the client. The scalability and ease oI
use Ieatures oI SQL server allow it to work eIIiciently on a client without consuming too many


resources. SQL server eIIectively allocates the available resources such as memory, network
bandwidth and disk I/O among the multiple users.

Advantages of SQ client are:

1. Supports multiple hardware platIorms
. Supports multiple soItware applications

Advantages of the SQ server are:

1. Reliable
. Fault tolerant
. Centralized control
4. Concurrent
5. Sophisticated locking

The SQL Server 00 relational database engine is an RDBMS that manages and stores
data in relational tables. Each table represents some object oI interest, such as customers,
employees, or products.
The relational database engine is designed to store detailed records oI transactions
generated by online transaction processing (OLTP) systems, as well as handle the online
analytical processing (OLAP) requirements oI data warehouses. The relational database engine is
responsible Ior maintaining data security, providing Iault tolerance, dynamically optimizing
perIormance, using locking to provide concurrency, and ensuring data reliability.





Figure: The SQL Server 00 environment.


Key eatures:
O Rich XML support.
O Web enabled analysis.
O Web access to data.
O Application hosting.
O Click stream analysis.
O Full text search.


O Security.
O High availability.
O Scalability.
O Distributed portioned views.
O Indexed views.
O Virtual system area LAN.
O Replication.
O SimpliIied database administration.
O Extend application.
O English query.
O Data mining.
O Analysis services.
O Closed loop analysis.
O OLAP Ilexibility.

SQL Server 00 is a comprehensive database soItware platIorm providing enterprise-
class data management and integrated business intelligence (BI) tools. The SQL Server 00
database engine provides more secure, reliable storage Ior a relational database Iormat or XML.
By supporting both a relational database Iormat and XML, the SQL Server 005 database engine
provides the Ilexibility necessary to support the way you work. It also enables you to build and
manage highly available, well-perIorming database soItware applications that you and your
people can use to take your business to the next level.

SQ Server Enterprise Manager :
SQLServerEnterprise Manager allows Ior easy enterprise-wide conIiguration
andmanagementoI SQL and SQL Server objects. SQL Server Enterprise Manager powerIul
scheduling engine, administrator alert capability,and a built-in replication management
interIace.You can alsoSQLEnterprise to:
O Manage logins, permissions, and users.
O Create scripts.
0

O Manage backup devices and databases.
O Back up databases and transaction logs.
O Manage tables, views, stored procedures, triggers, indexes.
O CreateIull-text indexes, database diagrams, and database .
O Import and export data.
By deIault, SQL ServerEnterprise Manager is installed by SQL Server Setup as part
oI the serversoItware on computers running MicrosoIt Windows and as part oI the client soI
on computers running Windows NT and MicrosoItWindows5/. BecauseSQLServer
Enterprise Manager is a -bit application, it cannot be installed on computers running 1-bit
operating systems.



SQ SERVER ARCHITECTURE:-

MicrosoIt SQL Server is a Structured Query Language (SQL) based, client/server
relational database. Each oI these terms describes a Iundamental part oI the architecture oI SQL
Server.
Database: A database is similar to a data Iile in that it is a storage place Ior data. Like a data
Iile, a database does not present inIormation directly to a user; the user runs an application that
accesses data Irom the database and presents it to the user in an understandable Iormat. A
database typically has two components: the Iiles holding the physical database and the database
management system (DBMS) soItware that applications use to access data. The DBMS is
responsible Ior enIorcing the database structure, including:
O Maintaining the relationships between data in the database.
O Ensuring that data is stored correctly, and that the rules deIining data relationships are not
violated.
O Recovering all data to a point oI known consistency in case oI system Iailures.
Relational Database :
There are diIIerent ways to organize data in a database but relational databases are one oI
the most eIIective. Relational database systems are an application oI mathematical set theory to
1

the problem oI eIIectively organizing data. In a relational database, data is collected into tables
(called relations in relational theory). When organizing data into tables, you can usually Iind
many diIIerent ways to deIine tables. Relational database theory deIines a process,
normalization, which ensures that the set oI tables you deIine will organize your data eIIectively.

STRUCTURED QUERY ANGUAGE (SQ :-

To work with data in a database, you must use a set oI commands and statements
(language) deIined by the DBMS soItware. There are several diIIerent languages that can be
used with relational databases; the most common is SQL.Standards Ior SQL have been deIined
by both the American Nationa lStandards Institute(ANSI) and the International Standards
Organization (ISO). Most modern DBMS products support the Entry Level oI SQL-, the latest
SQL standard (published in 1).
SQL Server Enterprise Manager :
SQL Server Enterprise Manager allows Ior easy enterprise-wide conIiguration and
management oI SQL and SQL Server objects. SQL Server Enterprise Manager powerIul
scheduling engine, administrator alert capability, and a built-in replication management
interIace.You can also SQL Enterprise to:
O Manage logins, permissions, and users.
O Create scripts.
O Manage backup devices and databases.
O Back up databases and transaction logs.
O Manage tables, views, stored procedures, triggers, indexes.
By deIault, SQL ServerEnterprise Manager is installed by SQL Server Setup as part oI the
serversoItware on computers running MicrosoIt Windows and as part oI the client soI on
computers running Windows NT and MicrosoItWindows5/. BecauseSQLServer
Enterprise Manager is a -bit application, it cannot be installed on computers running 1-bit
operating systems.





INTRODUCTION O C#:

C#(C Sharp) is a new computer programming language developed by MicrosoIt
Corporation,USA.C# is Iully object oriented language like java and is the Iirst component-
oriented language.It has been designed to support the key Ieatures oI .Net Framework,the new
development platIorm oI MicrosoIt Ior building component based soItware solution.It is
simple,eIIicient,productive and type-saIe language derived Irom the popular c and C
languages.
Although it belongs to the Iamily oI C/C,it is purely object oriented,modern language
suitable Ior developing web-based applications.C# is designed Ior building robust,reliable and
durable components to handle real-world applications.The main objectives oI C# is:-

O It is a brand new language derived Irom the C/C Iamily.
O It simpliIies and modernizes C.
O It is the only componentoriented language available today.
O It is the only language designed Ior the .Net Iramework.
O It is concise,lean and modern language.
O It has a lean and consistent syntax.
O It is intrinsically object oriented and web enabled.
O Major parts oI .Net Framework are actually coded in C#.
O It combines the best Ieatures oI many commonly used languages:the productivity oI
visual Basic ,the power oI C and the elegance oI java.
O It embodies today`s concern oI simplicity.
O It is component oriented language available today.
The .Net platIorm and its technologies developed by microsoIt will enable such co-
operation among web sites.C# is expected to play a major role in developing applications on co-
operating networks oI websites.C# is suitable language Ior .Net Framework. .Net is simply the
MicrosoIt`s vision oI 'SoItware as a service.Like Java,C# is a descendent oI C which in turn
is a descendent oI C.C# borrows java Ieatures such as grouping oI classes,interIaces and
implementation together in one Iile so that programmer can edit the code more easily.C# also
handles objects using reIerences,the same way as java.























4

PROBEM ORMUATION

Formulation oI web based system and applications represents a sequence oI web
engineering action that begins with the identiIication oI business needs,moves into description oI
webapp objectives,deIines major Ieatures and Iunctions and perIorm requirement gathering that
leads to the development oI an analysis model.Formulation Iocuses on the 'big picture on
business needs and objectives and related inIormation.

PROBEM DEINITION

BeIore doing any step oI soItware development as Analysis,Design,testing,and
implementation,there is a need oI Iirst deIining a problem.One must know what the problem is
beIore it can be solved.The basis Ior a candidate system is recognition oI need Ior improving an
inIormation system or procedure.This is the Iirst step in an initial investigation to deIine the
problem that led user request.The problem must be clearly understood and agreed upon by the
user and the analyst.It must state the objectives the user is trying to achieve and the result the
user wants to see.Emphasis should be on logical requirements oI the problem rather then the
physical requirements.

Among the most Iundamental principles oI soItware engineering is:Understand the
problem beIore you begin to solve it,and be sure that the solution you conceive is one that people
really want.Another Iundamental soItware engineering principle is:plan the work beIore you
begin perIorming it. This problem deIinition is helpIul in Requirement Analysis.The goal oI this
activity is to understand the requirement oI new system to be developed.Understanding the
properties oI new system that does not exist is more diIIicult and requires creatives thinking.The
problem is more complex because an automated system oIIers possibilities that do not exist
otherwise.Consequently, even the client may not really know the needs oI the system.The analyst
has to make the client aware oI the new possibilities, thus helping both client and analyst
determines the requirements Ior the new system. Solving a problem without a clear knowledge oI
its components may turn out to be a Iutile exercise. So a problem statement has to be prepared
which explains every minute detail oI the problem beyond doubt.
5

GENERA DESCRIPTION

The General Description describe all the inIormation related to this project.It describe the
main motivation Ior the webapp,the objective that webapp must IulIill and who will use the
webapp.

USER PROBEM STATEMENT:-

This statement describe the problem deIinition oI the proposed system.The problem
deIinition oI the Airline Reservation System is to book Ticket online(means to book ticket at
anyplace)never stand in long queue. It is a Web Based Application to develop website in which
end user interact with the webapp easily.In this analyst communicate with customer and get more
inIormation to make project more manageable. sometimes customer do not know the exact
requirement they want,in this case analyst suggest requirement that to be include in proposed
system.In problem statement customer deIine the Iollowing things:

O The Overall objective oI the webapp.

O The user`s background and sophistication relative to the content and Iunctionality oI the
webapp.

O It deIine how will the user arrive at the webapp.

O It deIine the user category who will use the application.

O That will be user Iriendly.

O That will restrict the user Irom accessing other user`s data.





USER OB1ECTIVES AND GOAS :-

The objectives oI the proposed system is a description oI webapp objectives, deIines
major Ieatures and Iunctions.Formulation allows stakeholders and the web engineering team to
establish a common set oI goals and objectives Ior the construction oI the webapp.It also
identiIies the scope oI the development eIIort and provides a means Ior determining a successIul
outcome.The objective oI Airline Reservation System is to Book Ticket online.To Develop a
web Based System,advancement over a computer Based System.The main objective oI Airline
Reservation System to provide more Iacility to customer,easily accessible over the web.The
Iollowing statement describe the main motivation Ior the webapp :
'Airline Reservation System will allow customer to Book Suitable Air Ticket at anyplace never
stand in long queue.

In General,WebApplication identiIied the two categories oI Goals:

O InIormational Goals-Indicate an intention to provide speciIic content and inIormation Ior
the end user.

O Applicative Goals-Indicate the ability to perIorm some task within the webapp.

In the context oI this,one InIormational Goal oI Airline Reservation System:
'The site will provide users with a suitable Ilight inIormation, Fair inIormation,seat inIormation
to Book AirTicket.

The one Applicative Goal oI Airline Reservation System:
'This site will query the user about the Ilight that customer want to take and give suitable
Ilights inIormation.
































EXISTING SYSTEM:-

Existing System helps developer in collecting inIormation,he/she can examine what is needed in
proposed system,what are the Demerit in existing system and why we need a new
system.Formulation begins with customer communication that addresses the reasons Ior the
webapp-what is business need ,which end user are targeted, what Ieatures and Iunctions are
desired,what existing system and Databases are to be accessed. The present system is totally
manual. Retrieving the inIormation oI a particular trainee increases the possibilities oI errors.
Moreover processes like searching and tracking the records takes too much time.
Also, generating reports needs lots oI Iormatting and labour each time Ior individual
trainee.

IMITATION O EXISTING SYSTEM :-

The Existing System is a computer based system, in which database is place at one location
which is not accessible outside.And the customer have to go to AirTicket Booking OIIice
And book Ticket,and there is so much wastage oI time Ior customer.To provide more Iacilty and
to overcome time problem there is a need oI new system arise.
O The limitation oI Existing System,the customer who want to Book Ilight have to
go to Booking oIIice and waits a long time and stand in a queue so there is need oI
new System arise.

O In Existing System,there is so much wastage oI time Ior customer.

O It is very costly.

O Searching the inormation o a particular light is tedious task.

The new proposed system establish to overcome these problems in which customer don`t have to
wait and he/she can Book Ticket immediately.


PROPOSED SYSTEM :-

Proposed system is a system which is computerized in every manner. These systems are not just
IulIilling requirements but they are capable oI doing such complex, tedious and cumbersome
tasks.
Accessing oI data by hand is satisIactory only when the amount oI data to processed is small and
also the manual data processing is how, monotonous & oIten subject to error.The need oI
proposed system arises to overcome the limitation oI existing system.

EATURES O PROPOSED SYSTEM

The Ieature oI Airline Reservation System to overcome the limitation oI computer based
system.It has to IulIill all customer requirements.In this Proposed system customer donot have to
wait long time and he/she can book Ticket immediately.There are Iollowing Ieatures in a
proposed system :-

O It solves the time problem and customer don`t have to wait long time.

O This System Book Ticket immediately.

O It provide login/logout Iacility.

O It provide signup Iacility,to become a member.

O It is Real client/server environment reachable all over the world.

O Administrator can add inIinite number oI Ilight inIormation.

O Administrator can able to delete,update Ilight inIormation.

O Customer can able to search Ilight that he/she looking.
40


O Customer can able to book Ilight & get ticket easily.

O This system is easy to use no more training require.


BENEITS O PROPOSED SYSTEM:-

There is a lot oI beneIits oI new proposed system which overcome the problem oI existing
system.Our system is 'Airline Reservation System which is improvement over computer based
system.The BeneIits oI our System:

O In this customer don`t have to wait long time to Book Ticket.

O There is no need oI large staII to manage this,the whole data is manage in tables.

O The customer who want to book AirTicket,search Ior Ilight Irom origin to
destination and to book suitable Ilight he/she want.

O It provide signup Iacility,to become a member.

O Real client/server environment reachable all over the world.

O Administrator can add inIinite number oI Ilight inIormation.

O Administrator can able to delete,update Ilight inIormation.

O Customer can able to search Ilight that he/she looking.

O Customer can able to book Ilight & get ticket easily.

41

O This system is easy to use no more training require.

O Security measures so those only users with privileges can access the admin Module.

EASIBIITY STUDY

An initial investigation culminates in a proposal that determines whether a alternative
system is Ieasible.when approved,the proposal initiates a Ieasibility study that describes and
evaluates candidate system and provide Ior the selection oI the best system that meets
perIormance requirements.To do Ieasibility study,we need to consider the economic ,technical
and behavioral Iactors in system development.Many Ieasibility studies are disillusioning Ior both
users and analysts.First,the study oIten presupposes that when the Ieasibility document is being
prepared,the analyst is in a position to evaluate solutions.second,most studies tend to overlook
the conIusion inherent in system development.The Ieasibility study is to serve as decision
document,it must answer three key questions:

Is there a new and better way to do the job that will beneIit the user?
What are the cost and savings oI the alternatives?
What is recommended?

A Ieasibility study is deIined as an evaluation or analysis oI the potential impact oI a
proposed project. A Ieasibility study is conducted to assist decision makers in or determining
whether or not to implement a particular project program. It is perIormed to describe and
evaluate candidate system and to provide Ior the selection oI best system that meets system
perIormance requirement.

During the course oI completion oI this project work the complete analysis oI the
proposed system was done. In the analyzing task a complete care about the Ieasibility oI the
proposed system was taken. The Iollowing Ieasibility analysis was carried during the course oI
this project work on 'Airline Reservation System:

4

O Economic Feasibility
O Technical Ieasibility
O Operational Ieasibility

ECONOMIC EASIBIITY

The cost involved in designing and implementation oI the proposed system is as Iollows:

Analysis and Design Cost: The cost oI analysis & designing can be worked out by
calculating the number oI human days spend on the analysis and designing oI the project
and then multiplying the number oI days with the cost oI human day.

Programming Cost: The cost is also calculated by calculating the number oI human days
spends on the coding oI the project and then multiplying the number oI the days with the
cost oI human day.

Stationary and Miscellaneous Expenses: The cost oI computer stationary is less than the
cost oI other not computer based stationary.

TECHNICA EASIBIITY

The existing hardware and soItware Iacilities support the proposed system. Computers
and storage media are available and the soItware can be developed. Basic technical requirement
oI the system and all aspects that the existing system Iacilities.

Hardware: There`s need oI Pentium machines with windows 000 Server and printer Ior
reports.

Manpower: The technical and non-technical staII required to implementing this system.


4

OPERATIONA EASIBIITY

The present system is operationally Ieasible, as it has become easy to have details
regarding which user has logged on the system and time oI login, time oI logon, and what
inIormation is transIerred.
The above details regarding the Ieasibility study show that the design oI proposed system
is very eIIective.
























44
























45

SYSTEM ANALYSIS
INTRUDUCTIUN
'Analysis is the process oI understanding the existing system by gathering and
interpreting the Iacts, diagnosing the problems. It is not just to determining the how best to solve
the manual system problems, it should also work Ior the system observes the Ieasibility oI
system then design, coding phases will be executed. Analysis phase delivers requirements
speciIication .The system speciIication serves as an interIace between the designer and developer
as well as between developers and users. This describes the external behavior oI the soItware
without bothering about the internal implementation. SpeciIication must be careIully checked Ior
suitability, omission, inconsistencies and ambiguities.
The basic aim oI problem analysis is to obtain a clear understanding oI the needs oI the
clients and the users. Analysis involves interviewing the clients and end users. These people and
the existing document about the current mode oI operation are the basic source oI inIormation
Ior the analyst. The process oI obtaining answers to the questions that might arise in an analyst`s
mind continues until the analyst Ieels that all the inIormation has been obtained.

Analysts not just collect and organize the inIormation but they also act as consultants
who play an active role oI helping the clients and users to identiIy their need. Due to this,
analysts thoroughly understand the problem domain and purpose oI automation. During analysis
Iollowing issues must be kept in mind: -

1. Obtain the necessary inIormation Ior solving the problem.
. Gathered inIormation must be properly organized.
. Resolving contradiction that may exist in the inIormation gathered.

In the analysis phase, we apply the 'divide and conquer technique. That is, decompose the
problem into sub problems and its relationship to another sub problem in an eIIort to understand
the whole problem. Generally, during analysis, partitioning is done with respect to
objects/Iunctions. Here we apply it according to Iunction. A Iunction is a task, service, process,
mathematical Iunction or activity that is now being perIormed by the system that will be built to
solve the real problem.
4

There are three basic approaches to problem analysis:

1. InIormal approach
. Modeling based approach
. Prototyping

The inIormal approach doesn`t use any methodology Ior problem analysis. The analyst relies on
his experience and uses questionnaires, Iorms, interviews etc. to elicit the inIormation about the
problem.

In modeling-based approach, a Iormal model is built Ior problem solving. This approach uses the
principle oI partitioning Ior building the model.

In prototyping, the problem is analyzed and requirements are understood through the Ieedback
Irom the users working on a prototype system.

In the project ' Airline Reservation Systemt, we use the modeling-based approach Ior the
analysis oI problem. According to this approach, we break the whole working in diIIerent
modules, such as, generating Registering a member, Search Ior Ilight, Book Ilight, Display Flight
list. Modeling approach generates the structure representing some aspect oI problem. The
structured analysis method helps the analyst to decide at which time and what type oI
inIormation is needed Ior the analysis. It is a top-down approach, which was originally called
structured analysis.

Problem analysis is perIormed to get a clear understanding oI the needs oI the clients and the
users and what exactly is desired Irom the soItware. Analysis leads to the actual speciIication.
During the process oI analysis, a massive amount oI inIormation is collected in the Iorm oI
interviews, questionnaires, and inIormation Irom documentation, and so Iorth. The major
problem during analysis is resolving how to organize the inIormation Irom documentation. So
the inIormation can be eIIectively evaluated Ior completeness and consistency.
4

USER REQUIREMENTS

The user requirements should deIine the Iundamental actions that must take place in the soItware
in accepting and processing the inputs and in processing and generating the outputs.
In our webapp 'Airline Reservation System the requirement is to satisIy customer to book
Ticket.customer can search Ilight and can book suitable Ilight that he/she want.The client oI this
system want this system should be very attractive and it interact more easily with customer.It
stated Iollowing Ieatures that are available in this system:
Functions that is available to customer:

O Registered Ior an account
O Login/Logout
O Check password iI Iorgot
O Search Flight
O Update Flight InIormation
O Submit Flight InIormation
O Book particular Flight
O Take ticket printout
O Cancel Ticket

Functions that is available to Admin:

O Add new Flight inIormation
O Update Flight InIormation
O Delete Flight InIormation
O Check customer inIormation who registered
O Add new employee inIormation
O Update/Delete Flight InIormation
4

Entities that are available in this system:
O Customer
O Administrator
O Flight
O Book Flight
O Ticket
THE USER HIERARCHY:-

The categories oI end user who will interact with the webapp are identiIied as part oI the
Iormulation and requirement gathering tasks.In most cases,user categories are relatively limited
and a UML representation oI them is unnecessary.However,When the number oI user category
grows,it is sometimes advisable to develop a user hierarchy.In Airline Reservation System there
are three types oI users who can interact with this webapp.The Iollwing Iigure shows the user
who can interact with the webapp:





Airline Reservation System
Users




Guest Customer service

Registered staII
User





New Existing
Customer Customer

User Hierachy For
Airline Reservation System
4

O Guest:-A guest is a user who visit the site but does not register.such user oIten
searching Ior general inIormation.

O Registered User :-A regisred user takes time to provide contact
inIormation.There are two categories oI user:

New Customer:-A registered who wants to customize and then book Ilight.


Existing Customer:-A user who already registered in Airline Reservation
System.

O Customer Service Staff:-These are special users who can also interact with
Airline Reservation System.


AIter the user hierarchy developing use case diagram .Use cases are developed Ior each user
category described in user hierarchy .In the context oI web engineering,the use cases itselI is
relatively inIormal-a narrative paragraph that describes a speciIic interaction between a user and
the webapp. A use case diagrams are created Ior created Ior each user category,a top level view
oI externally observable webapp requirements is developed.Use cases are organized in to
Iunctional packages.Each package is assessed to ensure that:

Comprehensible:All the stakeholder understand the purpose oI the package.

Cohesive :-The package addresses Iunctions that are closely related to one another.

oosely coupled:-Functions or classes within the package collaborate with one another,but
collaboration outside the package is kept to a minimum.


50

ANAYSIS MODE

A webapp analysis model is driven by inIormation contained with in the use-cases that
have been developed Ior the application.Use cases descriptions are parsed to identiIy potential
analysis classes and the operations and attributes associated with each class.content to be
presented by the webapp are identiIied and Iunctions to be perIormed are extracted Irom the use
case descripition.Finally,implementation speciIic requirement should be developed so that the
environment and inIrastructure that supprt the webapp can be built.Four Analysis activity each
contributing to the creation oI a complete analysis model are:

O Content Analysis:-

This Analysis activity identiIies the Iull spectrum oI content to be provided by the
webapp.content includes text,graphics and images and video and audio data.The content
Model contains structural elements that provide an important view oI content requirements
Ior a webapp.

O Interaction Analysis :-

It describes the manner in which the user interacts with the webapp.The interaction
model is composed oI Iour elements :Use cases,Sequence Diagrams,State Diagrams and a
user interIace prototype.

O unctional Analysis :-

It deIines the operation that will be applied to webapp content and describes other
processing Iunctions that are independent oI content but necessary to the end user.The
Iunctional model addresses two processing elements oI the webapp,each representing a
diIIerent level oI procedural abstraction :User observable Iunctionality that is delivered by
the webapp to end users and the operations contained within analysis classes that implement
behaviour associated with classes.
51


O Configuration Analysis :-

It describe the environment and inIrastructure in which the webapp resides.

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT


HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

This system is developed on the Iollowing hardware conIiguration.

O Pentium III processor
O 504 MB RAM
O Hard disk . GB
O MicrosoIt Compatible 101 or more Key Board
O Scroll Mouse

SOTWARE REQUIREMENTS

This system is developed using the Iollowing soItware.

O Operating System:Windows XP ProIessional Service Pack With Internet InIormation
Server
O Technology: ASP.NET
O Data Access Component : ADO.NET
O Back End: MS SQL Server 000
O Front End: MicrosoIt ASP.NET .5 with C#






5

PERORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

1. Every query should generate results in maximum 0 seconds.
. When user press the save button TC number should be automatically generate.
. Every report should be generated in maximum 0 seconds.
4. User interaction with keyboard should be minimum.
5. To avoid the wrong entries a message should be display.




DD AND E-R DIAGRAM


E-R Diagram :-

In this model objects oI similar structures are collected into an entity set.The relationship
between entity sets is represented by a named E-R relationship and is 1:1(one to one),1:N(one to
many) or M:N(many to many) mapping Irom one entity set to another.The database
structures,employing the E-R model is usually shown pictorially using entity relationship(E-
R)diagrams.The E-R diagram are useIul in representing the relationship among entitites.The
Iollowing terms used in E-R Diagram :-

Entity:-An entity is a person,place ,thing,event or concept about which inIormation is recorded.

Attribute:-Attribute gives the characterstic oI the entity.In other words,every entity has some
basic attribute that characterize it.

5

Entity Type:-An entity type is deIined as a collection oI entities that have the same attributes.

Relationships:

One to One(1:1)
One to many(1:N)
Many to Many(N:N)
Many to One(N:1)

































54

E-R DIAGRAM







1 1

1





N
N








Book
Ticket
Customer
ogin
Flight
Confirmed
ID
Name
Customer
Name
FName
e
LName
userid
Address
Password
FlightNo FlightName
Online AirTicket
Reservation
Ticket
TicketNo
FlightNo
Keep
Information
of
Keep
Detail
of
Ticket
Flight
Keep
Information
of
FlightNo
TicketNoo
userid FlightNo
Fare Name
Admin
Name Password
55

DATA OW DIAGRAM(DD

The DFD represent a System requirement in a graphical Iorm,this led to a modular design.A
DFD is also known as bubble chart has the purpose oI clariIying system requirements and
identiIying major transIormations that will become programs in system design.so it is the starting
point oI the design phase that Iunctionally decomposes the requirements speciIications down to
the lowest level oI detail.A DFD consist oI a series oI bubbled joined by lines.The bubbles
represent data transIormations and the lines represent data Ilow in the system.




Context Diagram














Online
AirTicket
Reservation
Flight inIo.
Customer
inIo
Reports
Flight & customer
inIo
Confirmed Ticket

5






Request For
Web Page Login





Sign up Check









Search





ConIirmed Ticket











Payment Book Flight
InIormation File InIormation File


DD 1or Customer ogin

Customer
Get a
list oI
Ilight
Make
Payment
For
Flight
Get a list
oI
password
Enter the
username
&
Password
VeriIy
username
&
password
Enter
Booking
InIormation
Enter
Customer
InIormation
Flight inIormation
W
Customer Table
Customer Table
5



Admin Password



Request For Login
Web Page



Check








For valid user







Flight InIormation
File



DFD ) For Admin










Admin
Enter the
username
&
Password
Get a list
oI
password
VeriIy
username
&
password
Delete,UpdateA
dd,
Flight
InIormation
5







































5



SYSTEM DESIGN


OVERVIEW:-

AIter the Analysis phase is completed, the System Design phase is started.The Design
Ior webapp encompasses technical and non-technical activities.The look and Ieel oI content is
developed as part oI graphic design,the aesthetic layout oI the user interIace is created as part oI
interIace design and the technical structure oI the webapp is modeled as part oI architectural and
navigational design.In every instance, a design model should be created beIore construction
begins.when design is applied within the context oI web engineering,both generic and speciIic
issues must be considered.From generic viewpoint,design results in a model that guides the
construction oI the webapp.

DESIGN GOAS
The Iollowing design goals that are applicable to virtually every webapp regardless oI
application domain,size,or complexity :

Simplicity:Although it may seem old-Iashioned,the aphorism 'all things in moderation applies
to webapps.There is tendency among some designers to provide the end-user with 'too much-
exhaustive content,extreme visuals,intrusive animation,enormous web pages.

Consistency :This design goal applies to virtually every element oI the design model.content
should be constructed consistently.Graphic design should present a consistent look across all
parts oI the webapp.Architectural Design should establish templates that led to consistent
hypermedia structures.

Identity:The aesthetic ,interIace,and navigational design oI a webapp must be consistent with the
application domain Ior which it is to be built.The webapp architecture will be entirely diIIerent
interIaces will be constructed to accommodate diIIerent categories oI users,navigation will be
organized to accomplish diIIerent objectives.
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Robustness :Based on the identity that has been established,a webapp oIten makes an implicit
'promise to a user.The user expects robust content and Iunctions that are relevant to the user`s
need.

Navigability:In webapp navigation should be simple and consistent.It should also be designed in
a manner that is intuitive and predictable.That is,the user should understand how to move about
the webapp without having to search Ior navigation links .

Visual Appeal : webapp are unquestionably the most visual,the most dynamic,and the most
unapologetically aesthetic.Beauty is undoubtedly in the eye oI the beholder,but many design
characterstics do contribute to visual appeal.

Compatibility : A webapp will be used in a variety oI environment(e.g diIIerent
hardware,Internet connection types,operating System,browsers)and must be designed to be
compatible with each.

DESIGN ACTIVITY :-
In webapp there are Iollowing Design activity:

Interface Design:-It describe the structure and organization oI the user interIace.Includes a
representation oI system layout,a deIinition oI the modes oI interaction and a description oI
navigation mechanisms.

Aesthetic Design :- This is also called Graphic Design.It describe the 'look and Ieel oI the
webapp.Includes color schemes,geometric layout,size,Iont and placement,the use oI graphics and
related aesthetic decisions.

Content Design:-It deIines the layout,structure and outline Ior all content that is presented as
part oI the webapp.Establishes the relationships between content object.
Navigation Design:-It represents the navigational Ilow between content objects and Ior all
webapp Iunctions.
1


Architecture Design :-It identiIies the overall hypermedia structure Ior the webapp.

REATIONA DB DESIGN/SCHEMA DESIGN:-

This activity deals with the design oI the physical database.A key is to determine how the access
paths are to be implemented.A physical path is derived Irom a logical path.It may be
implemented by pointers,chains and other mechanisms.


Customer_Information



light_Information


Ticket_Information


Payment_Detail





Administrator
Admin_ID Password







CID Password irst_Name ast_Name Email DOB Phone_Number Address City
light_No Airline rom_Place To_Place Days of
opening
Depart
Time
Arrival
Time
Type are
Ticket_No light_No C_ID Airline rom_Place To_Palce Passenger
Name
Children
Name
Ticket_No C_ID Card type Card
Number
Security
Number
Expiry
Date


Database Structure:

1. Table_Name- AdminInIormation

Description:-This table store inIormation about user who have control over this system,user who
can delete,update & add inIormation.

Table Schema :-
AdminID : varchar
Password : varchar

.Table Name-CustomerInIormation

Description:-This table store inIormation about all customer who sign up in 'Airline
Reservation System.

Table Schema :-
CustomerID :varchar
FirstName:varchar
LastName:varchar
Address:varchar
City:varchar
EmailID:varchar
Password:varchar
State :varchar
Country : varchar

In this table CustomerID is primary key attribute.It means this customerID is unique in this
table..




.Table Name:FlightInIormation

Description:This table store inIormation about all Ilights either Domestic or International
Ilights.It store Ilight Iare,Fromplace,ToPlace,Days oI opening and No. oI seats available in
Ilights.

Table Schema :-

FlightNo : varchar
Airline : varchar
Fromplace : varchar
Toplace : varchar
DepartTime : varchar
ArrivalTime : varchar
DaysOIOpening : varchar
FlightFare : int
NoOISeats:int

In this table,FlightNo is primary key.The value oI this attribute is unique Ior each row.

4.Table Name :-TicketInIormation

Description :- This table store inIormation about all customer who book ticket on this system
whether they book Domestic Flights or international Ilights.

Table Schema :
TicketNo : varchar
FlightNo : varchar
Airline : varchar
CustomerID : varchar
PassengerName : varchar
4

Children`sName :varchar
Children`sAge : int

In this table, Attribute TicketNo is primary key.Each customer has Unique TicketNo.

5.Table Name : PaymentDetail

Description :This table store complete detail oI payment.

Table Schema :

TicketNo :- varchar
CustomerID:varchar
CardNo :- numeric
CardType :-varchar
CardSecurityNo :- varchar
ExpiryDate :- varchar

In this table,TicketNo is primary key.The value oI this attribute is unique when new row
inserted in database.


PHYSICA DATABASE DESIGN

The Iollowing SQL DDL scripts were used to create the tables on the Sql Server 000
We Iirst started with the entities that weren`t dependent on any other tables; namely
CustomerInIormation, FlightInIormation. From there we go in order oI dependencies.

CREATE TABLE Customer (
CustomerID VARCHAR(),
5

Password CHAR(),
FirstName CHAR(0),
LastName CHAR(0),
Email CHAR(0),
DOB DATE,
PhoneNumber CHAR(10),
Address CHAR(5),
City CHAR(0),
State CHAR(),
Zip Integer,
Country CHAR(),
PRIMARY KEY (CustomerID)
);

CREATE TABLE FlightInIormation (
FlightNo VARCHAR(),
Airline VARCHAR()
FromPlace VARCHAR()
ToPlace VARCHAR()
Fare VARCHAR()
NoOISeats number
Departtime varchar()
ArrivalTime Varchar()
Type VARCHAR()
PRIMARY KEY (FlightNo)
);
CREATE TABLE TicketinIormation(
TicketNo VARCHAR(10),
FlightNo VARCHAR(10),
CustomerID VARCHAR(50),
PassengerName VARCHAR(10),


ChildrenName VARCHAR(10),
Childrenage integer
PRIMARY KEY (TicketNO),
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES CustomerInIormation
FOREIGN KEY (FlightNo) REFERENCES FlightInIormation
);


CREATE TABLE PaymentDetail(
TicketNo VARCHAR(10),
CustomerID VARCHAR(50),
CardNo numeric,
CardType VARCHAR(10),
SecurityNo numeric
ExpiryDate varchar(10)
PRIMARY KEY (TicketNO),
FOREIGN KEY (CustomerID) REFERENCES CustomerInIormation
);

The Iollowing SQL scripts were used to populate all oI the tables with sample data. Once we
have all oI the entities created Irom the scripts above, we can start to populate data in the tables.

1- Adding new customers

INSERT INTO CustomeInIormation(cID, Password, FirstName, LastName, Email, DOB,
PhoneNumber, Address, City, State, Zip, Country)
VALUES('sajsic','abc14','Semir','Ajsic','sajsicuncc.edu',TODATE('01-01-
100','MM/DD/YYYY'), '041111111','PO BOX 1','Charlotte','NC',05,'USA');





2- Adding new light
INSERT INTO FlightInIormation(FlightNo, Airline, FromplaceToplace, DepartTime,
ArrivalTime, Type, DaysoIopening,Fair)
VALUES('IC00','IndianAirline','Delhi','Bangalore','5:00PM', ':00PM'), 'Business
Class','Daily','000');

.1- Removing FlightInIormation

DELETE FROM FlightInIormationWHERE FlightNo ' IC00';

.- Updating FlightInIormation

UPDATE FlightInIormation
SET FlightNo New FlightNo~where FlightNoold FlightNo~

- Adding Ticket_Information

INSERT INTO FlightInIormation(FlightNo, Airline, FromplaceToplace, DepartTime,
ArrivalTime, Type, DaysoIopening,Fair)
VALUES('IC00','IndianAirline','Delhi','Bangalore','5:00PM', ':00PM'), 'Business
Class','Daily','000');

4- Adding Payment_Detail

INSERT INTO PaymentDetail(TicketNo, CustomerID,CardType,
CardNo,SecurityNo,ExpiryDate )
VALUES('IndianAirline/IC00/1','shilpa','Master Card',14454545,45, 0/0/00);

5- Searching for light

SELECT FlightNo, Airline,DaysoIOpening FlightDate` ,Fare


FROM FlightInIormation
WHERE FromPlace origin` AND ToPlace Destination` AND
DaysOIOpeningFlightDate;

INPUT DESIGN

The main objective oI input design is to ensure accurate and error Iree input to the system
because the output oI the system depends on input.The input design is the process oI converting
user originated inputs to a computer based Iormat.During input design,we design the source
documents that used to capture the data and then select the input media and devices that are used
to enter them in to computer.A major step in the design is the preparation oI input design in the
Iorm acceptable to the user.
'Input Design is the process oI converting user-originated inputs to a computer based Iormat.

The process oI converting users originated inputs to a computer based Iormat.It includes
determining the record media,method oI input,speed oI capture and entry into the
system.Since,the System is used interactively,it has two types oI inputs.Interactive input,which is
the point oI contact oI the user with the system,and input to internal system,i.e data Iile.Data
Files are stored on the hard disks because it provides quick access to data Iiles.Files are created
on line and modiIications and veriIication can be done easily.For Iull eIIiciency oI systems,it is
necessary that inputs must be accurate,since the user oI the system may not be technical
person.The goal oI designing input data is to make data entry as easily,logical and Iree Irom
errors as possible.In entering data user should know the Iollowing things:

The allocated space Ior each Iield.

Field sequence which must match that in the source document.

OUTPUT DESIGN
Output Irom computer system is the primary contact between the system and most
users.The quality oI this output and its useIulness determines whether a system will be used.so it


is essential to have the best possible output.EIIicient ,Intelligible output design should improve
the systems relationships with the user and help in decision making.A major Iorm oI output is a
hard copy Irom the printer.Printouts should be designed around the output requirements oI the
user.The output devices to consider depend on Iactors such as compatibility oI the device with
the system,response time requirements,expected print quality,and number oI copies needed.The
Iollowing media devices are available Ior providing computerized ouput:-

O MICR rearders.

O Line,matrix and daisy wheel printers.

O Computer Output MicroIilm(COM)

O CRT Screen Display

O Graph plotters

O Audio Response














0








































1

CODING

Due to organization policy we are not able to provide the complete code Ior this soItware but Ior
the reIerence point oI view we are writing some concepts which has been used in this project.

Different Web-Pages in the project:

Default.aspx This web page is used to provide common inIormation to customer.Through
this page customer can search Ior Ilight ,login and create Our account in database.This web
page act as a guide to the rest oI the project since it allows the user to navigate through
diIIerent pages.

ogin.aspx This web-page is used to authenticate the users entering into the system. II user
name and password matches that in the database, login is successIul else a login unsuccessIul
message is shown and he has to re-enter the username and password.In this page there is one
persistent cookie which maintain the user inIormation in system when he/she sign in.

Sign Up.aspx This web page create new user account in database.

Search light.aspx This web-page is used to search the Ilight whether Ilight available on
selected date or not.II Ilight available then it go to next page otherwise it display sorry,No
Ilight available on selected date.

light ist .aspx This web page display the successIul result oI search Ilight page. It
display Ilight inIormation oI date selected in search Ilight page.It display both one way or
Round way Ilight inIormation.

Book light.aspx This web page is customer Iilling Iorm.In this page customer book
particular Ilight on selected date and it gives all inIormation in this page like how many
number oI passenger,how many number oI childrens,children`s age & Ilight type. In this


page it also gives all inIormation related to payment oI Ilight,it gives payment type,card no,&
Expiry date oI card to book Ilight.


Ticket.aspx- This web-page gives conIirmed Ticket No. to customer.Customer can take
printout oI this web page.

are Rules.aspx This web-page provide all Ilights Iare rules set up by this system.

Terms & condition.aspx- This web page display terms and condtions oI
Airline Reservation System.

light Information.aspx This web page display all Ilight inIormation.Admin can search Ior
particular Ilight on the basis oI Ilight no,date or place.This page is authenticate Ior admin
only admin can view this page.Admin can add new Ilight inIormation,delete,update existing
Ilight inIormation.

Customer Information.aspx This web-page display all customer related inIormation who
sign up in this system.

Ticket Information.aspx This web-page display all booking ticket inIormation who book
ticket through this system.

About Us.aspx This web-page display all inIormation related to Airline Reservation
System.

Contact Us.aspx-This web page provide all contact inIormation related to admin Ior
customer sake.

eedback.aspx-This web page take all Ieedbacks Irom customer to improve our system.




ogin and Authentication

An administrator login id and password is provided by the developer, when the setup is
installed on the server machine. Using this id and password, the administrator can log into
the system and access all the inIormation oI customers and Ilights





































4








































5

OVERVIEW O TESTING PROCESS:


Testing is a process oI executing a program with the intent oI Iinding an error. A good
test case is the one that has a probability oI Iinding an as yet undiscovered error. II testing is
conducted successIully (according to the objective stated) it will uncover errors in the soItware.
As secondary beneIit, testing demonstrates that soItware Iunction appears to be working
according to the speciIication that perIormance requirements appear to have been met. In
addition data collected as testing is conducted provides a good indication oI soItware reliability
and some indication oI soItware quality as a hole

Testing is the set oI activities that can be planned in advance and conducted
systematically. It is an integral part oI program development. It is in this stage, which we check
that the program, that has been coded, perIorms according to the user`s requirements. The
purpose oI doing test is not to demonstrate that there are no errors in the program but to detect
any bugs that may still exist.

In the testing stage, the main aim is to look Ior errors that unknowingly have been
occurred. It is common misconception that the purpose oI testing is to prove that a program is
working correctly. This is dangerous myth because it can lead insuIIicient testing, and program
with hidden Iault. Because the actual result and expected result may diIIer in the Iield oI reality
and it can be hazardous Ior a program.

The importance oI soItware testing and its implications with respect to soItware quality
cannot be over emphasized. SoItware testing is a crucial element oI soItware quality and
represents the ultimate review oI speciIication design and coding.

The increasing visibility oI soItware as a system element and the attendant costs`
associated with a soItware Iailure are motivating Iorces Ior well planned, thorough testing. It is
not unusual Ior soItware development organization to expend 40 oI total project eIIort on
testing.


Testing is the process oI exercising soItware with the intent oI Iinding errors.This Iundamental
philosophy does not change Ior webapps.In Iact,because web based systems and applications
reside on the network and interoperate with many diIIerent operating systems,browser,hardwre
platIorms and backroom applications,the search Ior errors represents a signiIicant challenge Ior
web engineers.The webapp testing process begins by Iocusing on user-visible aspects oI the
webapp and proceeds to tests that exercise technology and inIrastructure.Seven testing steps are
perIormed: content,interIace,Navigation,component,conIiguration,PerIormance,and security
testing.

The testing process Ior webapp engineering begins with test that exercise content and interIace
Iunctionality that is immediately visible to end users.As testing proceeds,aspects oI the design
architecture and navigation are exercised.The user may or may not be cognizant oI these webapp
elements.Finally,the Iocus shiIts to tests that exercise technological capabilities that are not
always apparent to end user-webapp inIrastructure and installation issuses.

OB1ECTIVE O TESTING

Testing is a technique that uncover error in the webapp. There are Iollowing objectives oI
Testing:

O The content model Ior the webapp is reviewed to uncover errors.
O The interIace model is reviewed to ensure that all the use-cases can be accommodated.
O The design model Ior the webapp is reviewed to uncover navigation errors.
O The user interIace is tested to uncover errors in presentation and navigation mechanics.
O Selected Iunctional components are unit tested.
O PerIormance tests are conducted.
O The webapp is tested by a controlled and monitored population oI end-users;the results oI
their interaction with the system are evaluated Ior content and navigation errors.


There are seven testing steps that are perIormed during this webapp:




Content Testing :-It attempts to uncover errors in content.This testing activity is similar in many
respects to copy-editing Ior a written document.In Iact,a large web site might enlist the services
oI a proIessional copy editor to uncover typographical errors,grammatical mistakes,errors in
content consistency,errors in graphical representations and cross reIerencing errors.

Interface Testing:-It exercises interaction mechanisms and validates aesthetic aspects oI the
user interIace.The intent is to uncover errors that result Irom poorly implemented interaction
mechanisms or omissions,inconsistency or ambiguities that have been introduced into the
interIace inadvertently.

Navigation Testing :- Navigation Testing applies use-cases,derived as part oI the analysis
activity,in the design oI test cases that exercise each usage scenario against the navigation
design.Navigation mechanisms implemented with in the interIace layout are tested against use-
cases to ensure that any errors that impede completion oI a use-cases are identiIied and corrected.

Component Testing:-It exercise content and Iunctional units within the webapp.When webapp
are considered,the concept oI the unit changes.The 'unit oI choice within the content
architecture is the web page.Each web page encapsulates content,navigation links,and processing
elements.A 'unit within the webapp architecture may be deIined Iunctional component that
provides service directly to an end user or an inIrastructure component that enables the webapp
to perIorm all oI its capabilities.It also called 'Function Testing.

Security Testing :-It incorporates a series oI tests designed to exploit vulnerabilities in the
webapp and its environment.The intent is to demonstrate that a security breach is possible.

GUI Testing Input/Output Testing:GUI testing is done to ensure the uniIorm look on Ieel oI
the user interIace components across the application. All major elements oI the graphical
interIace such as windows, mouse operations etc were validated during GUI testing, various
selections were made through mouse and keyboard to ensure that it works both ways. It was
tested that appropriate message appear to guide the user through the course oI action.It was


checked whether all the required outputs are generated and are in the desired and proper Iormat.
Also it should serve the purpose Ior which the application was designed.


Integration Testing:-Navigation and component testing are used as integration testing.The
strategy Ior integration testing depends on the content and webapp architecture that has been
choosen.II the content architecture has been designed with a linear,grid,or simple hierarchical
structure,it is possible to integrate web pages in much the same way as we integrate modules Ior
conventional soItware.Thread based testing can be used to integrate the set oI web pages
required to respond to a user event.Regression Testing is applied to ensure that no side eIIects
occur.Cluster testing integrates a set oI collaborating pages.Test cases are derived to uncover
errors in the collaborations.

Configuration Testing :-It attempts to uncover errors that are speciIic to a particular client or
server environment.A cross reIerence matrix that deIines all probable operating
systems,browsers,hardware platIorms and communication protocols is created.Tests are then
conducted to uncover errors associated with each possible conIiguration.The job oI conIiguration
testing is not to exercise only client side,rather it is to test a set oI probable client side and server
side conIiguration


Performance Testing:-It encompasses a series oI tests that are designed to assess 1.how webapp
response time and reliability are aIIected by increased user traIIic,.which webapp components
are responsible Ior perIormance degradation and what usage characterstics cause degradation to
occur and how perIormance degradation impacts overall webapp objectives and requirements.
















































0

OVERVIEW O IMPEMENTATION



Implementation is the process oI having systems personnel check out and put new
equipment into use, train users, install the new application and construct any Iiles oI data needed
to use it. This phase is less creative than system design. Depending on the size oI the
organization that will be involved in using the application and the risk involved in its use,
systems developers may choose to test the operation in only one area oI the Iirm with only one or
two persons. Sometimes, they will run both old and new system in parallel way to compare the
results. In still other situations, system developers stop using the old system one day and start
using the new one the next. The implementation phase is less creative than system design.It is
primarily with user training,site preparation and Iile conversion.when the candidate system is
linked to terminals or remote sites,the telecommunication network and test oI the network along
with system are included under the implementation.During Iinal testing,user acceptance is
tested,Iollowed by user training.Depending on the nature oI the system,extensive user training
may be required.conversion usually takes place at about the same time the user is being trained.

Evaluation oI the system is perIormed to identiIy its strengths and weaknesses. The actual
evaluation can occur along any oI the Iollowing dimensions:

i. Operational Evaluation: Assessment oI the manner in which the system Iunctions,
including case oI use, response time, overall reliability and level oI utilization.

ii. Organizational Impact: IdentiIication and measurement oI beneIits to the organization in
such areas as Iinancial concerns, operational eIIiciency and competitive impact.

iii. User Manager Assessment: Evaluation oI the attitudes oI senior and user manager
within the organization, as well as end-users.



1

IMPEMENTATION TOOS:

O Training oI personnel
O Conversion procedures
O Post-implementation review or evaluation

Training of personnel:

The high quality training is an essential step in systems implementation. Hence to provide
the training to personnel they have been provided user manuals. They are asked to read it
careIully and same thing try practically on computer. II they don`t understand any thing, can ask
without any hesitation. They are asked to enter the data, which is more Irequently entered, and
print the reports are Irequently printed. Users are told about those situations, which he must
understand and he should able to handle it.

Conversion Method:

The direct conversion method is applied. This method converts Irom old to the new
system abruptly. The old system is used till a planned conversion day. The organization relies
Iully on the new system.

Evaluation Or Post Implantation Review:

AIter the system is implemented and conversion is complete, a review is conducted to
determine whether system is meeting expectations and where improvements are needed. A post
implementation review measures the systems perIormance against pre-determined requirements.
It determines how well the system continues to meet perIormance speciIications. It also provides
inIormation to determine whether major re-design or modiIication is required. In evaluation
system is checked against the pre-determined requirements. All the requirements have been Iully
attained. Where there was any mistake that had handled through system liIe cycle. Problem is
solved and checked against the original Iacts.


REVIEW PAN:

For review a team is planned. The Team shall prepare a Iormal plan around the objectives
oI the review. An overall plan covers the Iollowing areas:
O Administrator Plan: Review area objectives, operating costs, actual operating
perIormance and beneIits.

O Personnel Requirements Plan: Review perIormance objectives and training
perIormance to data.

O Hardware Plan: Review perIormance speciIications

O Documentation Review Plan: Review the system development eIIorts.

i. Administrative Plan

User Objective: This is an extremely crucial area since it may be possible that over a
period oI time the system does not meet the initial objectives oI the user or objectives get
changed as a result oI changes in the overall objectives oI the organization. The results oI
the evaluation are documented Ior Iuture reIerence.

Operating costs and beneIits: Under the administration plan, current budget designed
manipulate costs and savings oI the system will closely reviewed.


ii. Personnel Requirement Plan

Personnel old perIormance objectives will be compared with current perIormance levels.
Training perIormance through testing, conducting interviews and other data gathering
techniques.



iii. Hardware Plan
The hardware oI the new system will also review. But as we are using existing hardware
which Iull Iill the requirement oI project. Hence the cost oI hardware is not increased.

iv. Documentation Review Plan:
The reason Ior review plan is to evaluate the accuracy and completeness oI the
documentation compiled to date and to its conIormity with documentation standards established
earlier.

SYSTEM MAINTENANCE:

The last part oI system development liIe cycle is system maintenance, which is actually
the implementation oI the post-implementation plan. Hence Programmers/ Analyst spends
suIIicient time Ior maintaining programs.

Hence maintenance will cover a wide range oI activities including correcting coding and
design errors, updating documentation and test data and upgrading user support. Many activities
classiIied as maintenance actually Iall under enhancements. Hence in maintenance oI system
enhancement also takes place. ThereIore in maintenance addition, modiIication, re-developing oI
code will take place to support changes in speciIication.

Maintenance is the enigma oI system development. It holds the soItware industry captive,
typing up programming resources. Analysts and programmers spend Iar more time maintaining
programs than they do writing them.

It basically includes the Iollowing activity:
O Correcting design errors
O Correcting coding errors
O Updating, documentation and test data
O Adding, modiIying or redeveloping the code
O Regular acceptance and validation testing
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SITE MAP
5


Airline Reservation System

O To learn this system manually Iollowing steps are necessary to learn.There are Iollwing
steps to learn system manually:

O To use this system manually,Iirst user has to make account in our database.Because only
existing customer can book Ilight in this system.so Iirst they have to become member oI
this site.

O When they become member oI this site,then they login our account to process
inIormation or use the page sin our site.

O AIter that to search Ior Ilight on the basis oI origin,Destination and Ilight date.II Ilight
available on selected date then he/she goes Iurther otherwise it display message sorry.No
Ilight available on selected date.

O II Ilight list available then he/she book Ilight on this site in which he/she have to give
payment detail.

O AIter that take printout oI ticket page.

O For admin iI admin login on this he has the authority to add new Ilight
inIormation,delete/update exiting Ilight inIormation.Admin has the autority to view
customer inIormation who sign up in this system.


O Flight DETAILS

O INSERT New Flight InIormation



O MODIFY Existing Flight InIormation

O DELETE Existing Flight InIormation

O Flights Report

O Customer Report




































































CONCUSION



System was developed and Iasted in steps.Once the design was Iinalized,the Iormat oI the
output reports were set one by one aIter approval Irom the user department.System was Iirst
tested on the test data and then real data.Minor programming errors were identiIied and rectiIied.

AIter rectiIying the system was implemented successIully and accuracy was Iound.
The system,aIter testing,was Iound accurate to be implemented.AIter testing certain
limitations were Iound.Those limitations were upgraded as per the usre`s requirements.As the
system is developed using 'ASP.NET Iurther enhancements can easily be done.
AIter testing,our system 'Airline Reservation System we Iind that this system provide a lot oI
help to the customer,and it is very beneIicial to book ticket online.AIter implementation oI this
we conclude that this is real client/server environment that are reachable all over the world.This
system is Iast as compared to other computerized system.Through this,customer don`t have any
need to go to travel agent to book ticket,he/she can independently book ticket which are suitable
to him.customer can also search Ior lowest Iair Ilight and book ticket.This system provide a lot oI
Iacilities to customer.

The system can also be made more user-Iriendly and interactive by overcoming the limitations
and user will Iind him more inIormative.


MERIT O THE PRO1ECT


'Airline Reservation System will provide a lot oI advantageous to the customer.It helps
customer to book ticket online.customer are able to search Ior Ilight that he/she looking in our
database on the basis oI Ilight date,origin and destination.

There are following advantageous of ~Airline Reservation System:


O It help customer to search Ilight Irom origin to destination.

O It provide login/logout Iacility.

O It help administrator to delete,update Ilight inIormation.

O It provide signup Iacility to become a member.

O It help administrator to add inIinite number oI Ilight inIormation.

O It help customer to book ticket online.

O .It provide excellent & Iast service to customer.

O It save customer time,now he/she has no need to stand in a queue to book ticket.

O It provide lot oI beneIit to company,now there is no need oI large staII to manage
reservation system.

O It has real client/server environment reachable all around the world.
















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1


IMITATION O PRO1ECT

As we have recognized the problems in old computerized system and we make a
proposed system means,we have made changes in the old system so as to make improvements.
I have completed this project to much extent and has included all the thigs but still I have not
made all the queries and all the possibilities oI data that user can enter.That`s why I can not say
that my project is versatile.



Some oI the limitation in my project:

O I have just taken two or three queries and there result while there can be much more.

O There are Iew reports in my project but there can be much more.

O As in internet,there may be hacking problem.

O To run this project on another system,there must be .Net platIorm and Sql server and
internet browser.

O From Admin point oI view,much knowledge required Ior handling it.

O To run this project ASP.NET diIIicult to install and to conIigure it with IIS.

So.these are some limitations in my project but these can be removed iI my project is studied
again and any person want to enhance it.





UTURE SCOPE O IMPROVEMENT


The design oI our Airline Reservation System has been a success. We took the initial
requirements oI the system, wrote Iunction system requirements, developed an ER diagram, and
created the physical database design.Our system known as 'Airline Reservation System that has
been proposed means some improvements were required in that system and iI we make these
improvements then there will be many advantages oI that proposed system :

O Provision for effort estimation:

In the next phase we provide the provision Ior eIIort estimation oI a programmer.
O Reporting is also generate in graphical view:

In the next phase reporting part should be generated in the graphical Iorm because client
is also see the status oI the project.

O Monitoring the performance of programmer:

It is very easy to monitoring the perIormance oI the programmer by the help oI this
application. So we will create the new module
which generate the perIormance.

O More reports can be generated:

In the next phase reporting part should be generated in the graphical Iorm because client
is also see the status oI the project.




































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DeIault Page

















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ogin Page





















Sign Up Page



















International light Page
























light ist Page
























Book light Page

















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Ticket Page
















101

Cancel Ticket Page



















10



light Information



















10



Insert New light Information


















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Customer Information
















105


air Rule Page





















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Terms & Conditions Page





















10

About Us Page





















10

Contact Us Page





















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Books

MicrosoIt Visual C#. NET - MicrosoIt Press

Beginning ASP.NET .0 with C# - Wrox Publications

ProIessional C# 005 - Wrox Publications

System Analysis & Design - Awad Publications

Building Web Database Step by Step - Universal Books

SoItware Engineering - N. S Gill


Web Sites:

www.google.com
www.wschools.com
www.dotnetspider.com
www.javascipt.com