deni wi for 1986Annual Report for 1986 International Rice Research Institute‘he International Rie Research Insite (IRI ws established in 1950 ‘bythe Ford and Rockfellsr Foundations mth thee and approval ofthe ‘Goverameat of the Philipines. Today IRRI is one ofthe 13 nonprofit international research and taining centers supported bythe Consultative ‘Group on International Agricultural Rewarch (CGIAR). The CGIAR is sponsored bj the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations the International Bank for Reconstruction and Develop tment (World Bank, and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) The CGIAR consists of 9 donor countries, international and regional organizations and private foundations TRI receivessupport trough the CGIAR, froma numberof donors including! the Asa Development Bank, the European Eeonomic Com- ‘munity, the Ford Foundation, the International Development Research ‘Cente. the Imerational Fund for Agricultural Development the OPEC Special Fund, the Rockeeler Foundation. the United Nations Develop ment Programme, the Wold Ban, and the international ad agencies of the following. governments: Australia, Belgium, Canade, China Denmark. France. Federal Republe of Germany. Tndia aly. Japan Mexico, Netierlards, New Zealand, Norway, Philipines, Saud Arabia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and Unted States. “The responsibility for thi publication ess with he laterational Rice Research Insitute Copyright® interational Rice Research Institute 1987 All tights reserved. Except far quotations of shor passages forthe purpose of critic and review, s0 part of this publeaton may be reproduced, stored in etreval sytem, oe transmit in any form o BY fay means electronic. mechanical, photocopying. recording. of other Wise. without prior permission of TRRI This pesmssion will not be Uireasonably withheld for use for noncommercial purposes. IRR docs rot requie payment forthe noncommercial use of published works, And hopes hat this copyright declaration wil at diminish the Bona fide tne afte research Findings in agricultural research und development. “Thedesgnationscmployed and the presentation of the material inthis publication do not imply theexpression of any option whatsoever on the Patt of RRI concerning the lepal statu of any county, erty. cts oF ives or ots authorities, or concerning te delimitation aft eoniets oF hours ISSN 0116-4341Annual Report for 1986 International Rice Research Institute 1987 INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Los Bafios, Laguna, Philippines P.O. Box 933, Manila, PhilippinesContents TRUSTEES vi PERSONNEL vil ABOUT THIS REPORT xiv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS _ xvi GENETIC EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION (GEU) PROGRAM Genetic resources program 1 Agronomic and physiological characteristics 6 Grain quality and nutritional value 45 Disease resistance $9 Insect resistance 83, Drought tolerance 99 Adverse soils tolerance 121 Deepwater and flood tolerance 133 Adverse temperature tolerance 141 Innovative breeding methods 145 Seed science and technology 165 Integrated GEU program 169 CONTROL AND MANAGEMENT OF RICE PESTS. Diseases 193 Insects 210 Weeds 239 IRRIGATION WATER MANAGEMENT 267 SOIL. AND CROP MANAGEMENT Soil characterization 287 Management of soil and fertilizer nitrogen 295 Nitrogen fixation and azolla management 323 Management of organic manures 341 Management of other nutrients 383Rice crop cultural practices 365 Tillage and management of soil physical conditions 377 CLIMATIC ENVIRONMENT AND RICE 391 CONSTRAINTS ON RICE YIELDS 407 CONSEQUENCES OF NEW TECHNOLOGY 421 (CROPPING SYSTEMS PROGRAM ‘Analysis of the physical and biological environment 433, ‘Analysis of the social and economic environment 441 Pest control in rice-based eropping systems 447 Design and evaluation of eropping patterns 461 Selecting and testing varieties for rice-based eropy ‘Agronomic management in rice-based cropping systems 477 MACHINERY DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING 495 TRAINING PROGRAMS $05 COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS International Rice Testing Progeam 527 International Network on Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Evaluation for Rice 543 Asian Rice Farming Systems Network $85 Cooperative country projects $72 Communication and publications 603 Technology generation and sharing 60S RESEARCH SUPPORT SERVICES. 615 PUBLICATIONS ANDSEMINARS 621 FINANCES 638 STAFF CHANGES 636 WEATHER SUMMARY 638sf IRRI ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1986 Trustees DR. FORREST F. HILL Chairman of the Board Emeritus 701 The Parkway Whaca, New York 14860, USA DR. KENZO HEMMI (Chairman of the Board 1-12-42 Utsukushigaoka Midori-ku, Yokohama-shi Japan 227 MIN. RAMON V. MITRA, JR. Vice Chairman Minister of Agriculture and Food Ministry of Agriculture and Food Diliman, Quezon City Metro Manila, Philippines MEMBERS MRS, TAHRUNNESSA A. ABDULLAH. 4-B Amynabad Co-operative Housing Society ‘Siddheswari, Dhaka 17 Bangladesh ATTY. EDGARDO J. ANGARA President University ofthe Philippines System Diliman, Quezon City Metro Manila, Philippines DR. ALMIRO BLUMENSCHEIN ‘Avenida G, No. 90 ‘Setor Oeste Goiania, Goias Brazil CEP 74000 DR. NORMAN R. COLLINS Program Officersin-Charge ‘The Ford Foundation 320 East 43rd Street New York, N.Y. 10017, USA DR. ROBERT K. CUNNINGHAM 35 Clarence Road Harpenden Herts ALS 4AH England DR. LLOYD T. EVANS. Division of Plant Industry Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization P.O. Box 1600 Canberra City, ACT 2601 Australia DR. JAAP J. HARDON Foundation for Agricultural Plant Breeding ‘Centre for Genetic Resources — The Netherlands Postbus 117 (6700 AC Wageningen "The Netherlands DR. LETITIA E, OBENG ‘56 West Park Avenue Kew, Surrey United Kingdom DR. IDA NYOMAN OKA Bogor Research Institute for Food Crops Jalan Merdeka 99 Bogor, Indonesia DR. M.V. RAO Deputy Director General Indian Council of Agricultural Research Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi India DR. M.S. SWAMINATHAN, Director General International Rice Research Institute P.O. Box 933, Manila, Philippines DR. XU GUAN-REN Director General Emeritus Institute for Application of Atomic Energy in Agri- culture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences P.O. Box No. 5108, Bejing, China or Ma-Lian Ws, Beijing, China DR. YOOKTI SARIKAPHUTI Director General Department of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives Bangkok, ThailandPersonnel OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR GENERAL M.S, Seaminathaa, PhD, director general Marcos R. Vega, Ph D, depuy director general Dennis J. Greenland, D Phi deputy director general Mano D. Pathak, PhD, dretor, research and taining Robert L. Bourqutin, MBA, director, administration’ Faustino M.Salacup, BS, CPA, director, protocol and liaison Paul A. Cooper, BA, drector, budget and accounts R. Vaidyanathan, Cor. Accountancy, consultant! Higino A. Ables, Ph D, ving sien? ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Rebecea C. Pascual, MS, manager, food and housing services ‘Zosimo Q, Pizarro, LLB, manager personnel and legal offices Pedro. Banzon, LLB, manager, seewity, safety and shipping offices Puri M. Legaspi, BBA, CPA, manager. accountng office ‘Augusto P. Corpur, ASME, manager, buildings and properties Unido C. Tekesforo, BBA, CPA, internal auditor LIAISON SCIENTISTS. Manuel. Roser, PhD. IRR lason scents, Latin America Walter C. Tappan, BS, JRRI lason scientist, Indonesia and ‘Malesia ioscoro L. Uma, PhD, IRRY Mason scientist, China (consaant) S.M.H, Zaman, Ph D, FRR Kton sient, Afi! BP. Ghldyal, PhD. IRI ats stent, nd! COOPERATIVE RESEARCH STAFF Aiea S.M.H, Zaman, Ph D, FRU laison sits! KG. Pili, Ph D, IRTP coordinaor for Bast Afica Banglades Frank W. Sheppard, J, D Bi, research systems specials! TRRI represenarve Dwight G: Kanter, PhD, plan breeder! [Noel P. Mager, M Agr, associate agronomist Burma Rosendo K, Pais, PhD, aeronomis! chine DioscoroL. Ural, Ph D, IRR lion sits (consultant) Ent Ebrahimali A, Sidi, PhD, plant breeder “Jack Marvin Swagerty, BS, sed special! India Fred E. Nichols, BS griculural engineer! B, P. Ghildyal, PhD, TRRE lason scientist H.D. Catling, PhD, entomologist IRRI ANNUAL REPORT FOR 1986 wi Indonesia Walter C. Tappan, BS, IRR liaison scientist Jerry L Melntosh, kD, agronomist Japan Y. Takahashi, D Agr, partsime IRRU representative Latin America ‘Manuel J. Resero, PhD, IRRYhaison sient Federico E, Cuevas-Peer, PhD, IRTP coordinator for Latin “America “Malagasy Republic B.B. Shahi, PhD. plat breeder “James R. Hoopper, PhD, aeronomis Pitippines Robert E, Stickney, PhD, agricultural engineer ‘Traiand Donald W. Packie, PhD, agronomis:, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ohn C. Flinn, Ph, agricultural economist and head (Casing C. David, PhD, agricultural economist J. Bart Duff, MS, aricubural economist Leonardo A. Gonzales, PhD, agricultural economist Malin G. van der Vee, PhD, agricultural economist! ‘Albert Polak, PhD, ving semis! Robert E, Huke, Ph D, visting siento Gaia T. Castillo, PhD. visi scent! Kejito Otsuka, Ph D, visting sient Nimal Ranaweera, PhD, visuing scientist Kissen Kanungo, PhD, visiing scent ‘Samuel Fujisaka, Ph D, ving sce ‘Alastair Orr, Ph D, associate economia? Violeta Cordova, MS, asst scientst Abraham Mandsc, MS, assistant scenst Pedro Bueno, MS. assistant scientist Piedad Moya, MS, senior research asst Nieostrato Petez, MS, senior research asssant ‘Thelma Paris, MS, senior research asitant Lourdes Velatco, MS, senior research assistant Ermesto Bautista, MS. senior research asian? Ricardo Guino, MS, senor research asistant ‘Mary Jane Novenaro, MS. senior research assistant ‘Anita Frio, BS, senor research assistant Linda Castillo, MS, senior research assitant'* Zensida Kenmore, MS, senior research assistant! ‘Armando Erpuioa, MS, senior research asszant* ‘Clemen Gonzales, MS; senior research asstant* ‘Adelta Palacpac, BS, research asst Estrela Antonio, BS, research assitant Raymundo Gonzaga, BS, research assistant Julius Feraren, BS, research assistant Viveneio Marfor, AS, research assistant