Alberto C.

Agra
Administrative Agencies: Creations of the
State
Charter defines Nature, Purpose, Powers,
Structure, Jurisdiction, Accountabilities
Delegated, not Inherent, Powers
Subordinate/ Inferior Powers
Liberal Interpretation of Powers
Basic Powers
1. Investigative
2. Quasi-Legislative
3. Quasi-Judicial
Express
Contempt
Subpoena
Search

(Counsel not required)
Express or Implied
Fact-Finding
Ocular
Visitorial
Principles
Tests of Valid Delegation: Completeness AND
Sufficient Standards; Law valid even without
IRR
Definition: Power to Issue Rules/ Fill in details/
How (notWhat) a Law will be implemented
Nature: Inferior/ Subordinate (cannot change,
amend or conflict with charter or law)
Types (PIPICS): Procedural, Internal, Penal,
Interpretative, Contingent and Supplementary

Law Rule
Creates Abolishes
Strict Requirements Liberal Requirements
No Requirement Requirement Imposed
Stated Requirement Alter/ Delete Requirement
Enumeration Exclusive Add/ Delete Requirement
No Classification Discriminates/ Classifies
Limited Application Expanded Application
Fixed Period Change Period
Continue Practice Discontinue Practice
Grant Power Nullify Power
Type Grant Publication
Supplementary E or I Required
Interpretative E or I Not Required
Contingent E Required
Penal E Required
Procedural E or I Required
Internal E or I Not Required
Principles
Grant of Power: Express
Definition: Deciding controversies,
Resolving conflicting claims and positions
Extent: Questions of Law and Fact
(depending on Charter)
Limitation: Subject to Judicial Review
DEEDS
1. Directing (corrective/ award)
2. Enabling (grant/ permit)
3. Equitable
4. Dispensing (exempt/ relieve)
5. Summary (compel/ force)
Administrative Proceedings
Character: Adversarial
Jurisdiction: Defined by Law/ Charter
Nature: Power to Adjudicate Not
Delegable (power to hear/ receive
evidence can be delegated)
Due Process (DINA): Decision, Impartial
Tribunal, Notice and Appear/ Defend
Notice and Hearing: Required but subject to
waiver (MR, subsequently heard, appearance);
However, if no notice and notice not waived/
cured, then jurisdiction not acquired
Full Hearing (CREX): Claims, Rebuttal,
Evidence and X-Examination (not required)
Evidence: Substantial
Decision (BF PIE): Bases, Form, Parties, All
Issues and Evidence (internal report)
Topic QJ QL
Grant Express E or I
Parties Particular All/ Sectors
Adversarial Yes No
Controversy Exists None
Notice and Hearing Required Not Required
Primary/ Exhaustion Applicable NA
Time Past/ Present Future
Publication Not Required Depends
Res Judicata Applicable NA
Statutory Modes
1. Certiorari
2. Prohibition
3. Injunction
4. Mandamus
5. Declaratory Relief
6. Appeal
Doctrine of Finality of Administrative
Action: Decision Final 1
st
before Judicial
Review; Exceptions interlocutory, protect
rights, violate Constitution, excessive use of
power
Doctrine of Primary Jurisdiction:
Concurrent with courts, needs administrative
discretion and expertise
Doctrine of Ripeness for Review: Real/
Present/ Imminent (not future/ imaginary/
remote)
Doctrine of Exhaustion of
Administrative Remedies: Exhaust all
administrative remedies before recourse
to courts, condition precedent, with 19
exceptions:

JPLCS DRIED DARN CLRNT
JPLCS
Questions essentially
Judicial
Administrative Remedy
is Permissive
Pure question of Law
Constitutionality
Small amount that
exhaustion will be
costly
DRIED
Utter disregard for Due
Process
No plain speedy
Remedy
Strong public Interest
Estoppel
Continued and
unreasonable Delay

DARN
Irreparable Damage by
party
Alter Ego Bears
approval of President
No administrative
Review is provided
Insistence on
exhaustion will lead
to Nullification of
claim
CLRNT
Civil action for
damages
Land not part of public
domain
Special Reasons
demanding
immediate judicial
relief
No Decision rendered
Transcendental issues
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