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A system of modulation where the instantaneous frequency of the carrier and its rate of change varies in proportion to the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal.
Class-C Stations
A non-commercial, community station having an authorized radiated power not exceeding 1 kW.
III. A Public Hearing shall be conducted. IV. The Commission shall render a decision on the petition.
Site Selection
Transmitter Site
The transmitter site is primarily considered due to its effect to existing stations located in the same area. Also, site selection is important because of the fact it will determine your coverage area (service area). The location should be chosen so that line-of-sight can be obtained from the antenna over the general service area.
Studio Site
The studio usually contains equipment for program origination. It is a usual practice to co-locate the studio and transmitter in a single facility, mostly for economic purposes.
Terrain Elevation
Terrain elevation is a primary concern since there must be a LOS to the antenna over the principal area of coverage. However, the variations in terrain will not give 100 percent LOS over the entire area. In such case, the average terrain elevation (ATE) around the transmitter site is considered to represent the elevation of the service area. ATE is measured starting from 3 km to 16 km from the transmitter site.
Transmitter System
The following criteria are to be considered in choosing a transmitter:
Shall operate satisfactorily in the operating range with a maximum carrier swing of 75 kHz, defined as 100% modulation. Shall be capable of transmitting a band of frequencies from 50 to 15 k Hz Output noise level (frequency modulation) shall be at least 60 dB below 100% modulation by 400 Hz using 75s de-emphasis Automatic means shall be provided in the transmitter to maintain the assigned center frequency within the allowable tolerance. Source: KBP Manual
Antenna System
The antenna used in FM broadcasting is a half-wave dipole. The selection of the antenna depends on the following criteria:
Polarization.
The antenna shall employ a standard horizontal polarization. However, circular or elliptical polarization may be used if desired.
Transmission Line
A transmission line delivers power from the transmitter to the antenna system. Several factors are to be considered in choosing the right transmission line
Attenuation Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) Power handling Price per unit length
Power handling capability. Directivity (Polar pattern) Array gain. Location of the feed point. Null fill and beam tilt adjustment. Dead load and wind load.
Tower Structure
The tower the structure to which the antenna system is anchored to. It should be able to support the antenna system attached to it. The tower, along with the consideration of the transmitter site location, should provide sufficient elevation to provide adequate service throughout the area. It must follow the standards set by the KBP and the National Structure Code of the Philippines.
Obstruction painting and lighting Lighting protection
Miscellaneous Concerns
Antenna mounting Cable mounting Flanges and connectors