Professional Documents
Culture Documents
! ! ! Keywords
- 5M project exclusively funded by Air France - Implemented by GoodPlanet and WWF Madagascar - Oct. 2008 - Feb. 2012 - Grant based project: no carbon credits issued by the end of the project
WWF Madagascar
Objectives !
Aims to reduce deforestation and forest degradation and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
Yann Arthus-Bertrand
Specific goals: Improve living conditions of local communities Improve knowledge concerning the verifiable and effective measurement of the ground activities that aim to reduce GHG emissions Fully integrate the preservation of the Madagascars exceptional biodiversity
GoodPlanet/Romuald Vaudry
Intervention Sites
515 000 ha on 5 sites
Legend
HCPF Sites Background Missouri Botanical Garden
Andapa/Bealanana
Ivohibe
Vondrozo
Fort-Dauphin
GoodPlanet/Romuald Vaudry PHCF / Sitraka Ranoeliarivao
Spot Image
GoodPlanet/Romuald Vaudry
AGB Assessment
Land-Use Analysis" Typical Land-Use Northern site"
Secondary regrowth Settlements (village) Etablissements (Village)
Forts secondaires
Forts denses
Clear forests
Forts claires
Dense forests
Terres cultives
Grassland Prairies
Cropland
Riparian forests
Forts ripicoles
AGB Assessment
Land-Use Analysis"
Spot Image very high resolution images (2.5-meter colour) " acquisition on all sites"
Original scene " Fandriana Region " 24th march 2009 "
Spot Image
AGB Assessment
Land-Use Analysis"
Stratied image (oct 2009)" " " " " " " " " " In partnership with " Antananarivo University"
AGB Assessment
LiDAR technology!
Measures properties of scattered light to nd range and/ or other information of a distant target" Relevance: " Height measurement => 3D structure"
"
Allow to reduce considerably " the number of eld plots" Covered Area: 50,000 ha" (10% of the total project area)"
AGB Assessment
LiDAR technology!
Maps of forest types " x" Soil cartography" x" Digital Elevation Model " " " " LiDAR Sampling !
AGB Assessment
LiDAR technology!
Forest clearing
Secondary forest
Forest degrada2on
AGB Assessment
LiDAR technology! Couverture du site de Fort-Dauphin "
AGB Assessment
Field inventories!
Field Inventories sampling ! " Objective: measuring the widest range of forest carbon stocks" 47 plots in moist forests " 36 plots in spiny forests"
AGB Assessment
Allometric Models Development!
To switch from conventional forestry measures (diameter, height) in carbon stocks" Africa: 30% of the tropical forests" No generic allometric model for Africa" The choice of the allometric model is the most important source of error regarding AGB assessment (Keller 2001, Chave 2004)
- " - -
" => We made the decision to develop models for Madagascar in partnership with the CIRAD and the Antananarivo University "
"
AGB Assessment
Allometric Models Development!
Materials: " " 50 genera studied" 480 trees measured and entirely weighed, from stems to leaves" 2000 wood samples analysed in Cirad lab"
AGB Assessment
Allometric Models Development!
Results:" " Models used in Madagascar (including DBH only) strongly overestimate the AGB of: " " "" "Brown: "+ 35,5% in moist forests "Chave: "+ 36,9% in moist forests" " " "+ 91,1% in spiny forests " "+ 63,3% in spiny forests"
"
Models now available for any project proponent in Madagascar"
" "
AGB Assessment
Allometric Models Development!
Results:"
"
Compared to our regional models, Chaves models including DBH, Height and Wood Density can also provide accurate tree biomass estimates.
AGB Assessment
Allometric Models Development!
Results:"
"
Compared to our regional models, Chaves models including DBH, Height and Wood Density can also provide accurate tree biomass estimates. When allometric models are not available (e.g in Africa) and since height is time-consuming to measure, a simple H-DBH allometry can feed the above model to accurately estimate biomass and carbon stock from plot inventories.
For more details: A universal approach to estimate biomass and carbon stock in tropical forests using generic allometric models - Vieilledent G et al (2011). Ecological Applications.
AGB Assessment
Final results!
Very high correlation between Mean Canopy Height (m) and Above Ground Carbon density (Mg C ha -1) Uncertainty: 12% only
AGB Assessment
Final results!
Southern Mountains (East) and Plains (West)! Mean Stocks"
AGB Assessment
Final results!
Northern Mountains Region!
Moist Forests " 88 tC/ha " 35% uncertainty " at the pixel level (1ha) "
For more details: Human and Environmental Controls over Aboveground Carbon Storage in Madagascar - Asner et al (2011). Carbon Balance Management (in review)
AGB Assessment
Final results!
Northern Mountains Region!
Costs 0,15 $/ha of forest
This cost does not include allometric models development
300 000 $ for all the Malagasy moist forests (4,7 M ha)
AGB Assessment
!
Key inputs for (sub)national level Malagasy colleagues trained to deal with Very High Resolution imagery Critical information provided regarding forest definition (dry/spiny forests) Allometric models now available for any project proponent in Madagascar" LiDAR technology: a very interesting option to map carbon stocks of the remote moist forests of Madagascar (mainly located in mountains, on steep slopes). "
Outline
Outline
Introduction
Objectives
1- Modeling the deforestation process: l Deforestation rates 2000-2010 l Factors of deforestation 2- Forecasting deforestation 2010-2030 3- Estimating CO2 emissions associated to deforestation
Introduction
Area 4 study areas - 3 in moist forest (North, Middle, South) - 1 in spiny dry forest (South) Surface 7 800 000 ha 2 141 520 ha of forest in 2010
Outline
Introduction Materials and methods l Land use change observation l Uncertainty l Deforestation model l Projected deforestation Results Discussion
model
model
Overland
Past deforestation 2001-2005 and 2005-2010
Outline
Introduction Materials and methods l Land use change observation l Uncertainty l Deforestation model l Projected deforestation Results Discussion
Outline
Introduction Materials and methods l Land use change observation l Uncertainty l Deforestation model l Projected deforestation Results Discussion
Outline
Introduction Materials and methods l Land use change observation l Uncertainty l Deforestation model l Projected deforestation Results Discussion
Outline
Results
Carbon released on project areas
Project area Forest surface 2010 (ha) 197,763.13 111,759.00 25,342.00 51,433.00 119,736.00 Deforestation rate 2000-2010 0.44 0.80 2.19 0.84 0.35 C from AGB 2010-2030 (t) 1,332,641.00 1,824,165.00 859,040.00 529,995.00 139,588.00 4,685,429.00
Outline
Discussion
1. Introduction 2. Measuring soil carbon reference level 3. Spatial estimation of soil carbon stocks 4. Monitoring soil-C change
1. Introduction 2. Measuring soil carbon reference level 3. Spatial estimation of soil carbon stocks 4. Monitoring soil-C change
Infra red spectroscopy is used to produce accurate and costeffective carbone measurement
Some figures: -121 sample plots - 302 kg of soil collected - 750 soil carbon measure using infra red spectroscopy
C stocks (tC/ha)
Soil layer
Humid Forest
Spiny Forest
1. Introduction 2. Measuring soil carbon reference level 3. Spatial estimation of soil carbon stocks 4. Monitoring soil-C change
and here?
Use of soil carbon inventory coupled with RS data and spatially explicit soil factor
Land cover Vegetation index Mean annual temperature Number of dry month Elevation
Savannah
Spiny Forests
Savannah
Spiny Forests
Savannah
Spiny Forests
Remote sensing can be used to derive soil carbon information Estimation is at 10 meter resolution Mean uncertainty is +/- 20 tC/ha for 30 cm and +/- 42 tC/ha for 100 cm Digitial soil carbon map is the best way to take into account soil variability compared with traditional soil map
(Grinand et al, forthcoming)
1. Introduction 2. Measuring soil carbon reference level 3. Spatial estimation of soil carbon stocks 4. Monitoring soil-C change
To what extent the carbon store in the soil is lost and after how many years?
C loss percentage
C loss percentage
Our results are consistent with the IPPC default emission factor 40% Maximum loss is reach around the 15th year after conversion Losses are different according to the soil layer
(Razakamanarivo et al, forthcoming)
Humid region
Spiny region
In humid region, soil carbon is 30% of the biomass emission In spiny region, soil carbon mitigation potential is higher than biomass
(Razakamanarivo et al, forthcoming)
GoodPlanet/Romuald Vaudry