Land information system as a tool for urban planning

Contents
1. Land Information System 1.1 Concept of land information systems 1.2 Related other Information systems 1.3 Merits of L.I.S 1.4 Importance of Land Information System 2. Need of the Study 3. Aim, Objectives, Scope and Limitations, Methodology 3.1. Aim 3.2. Objectives 3.3. Scope and Limitations 3.4. Methodology 4. Existing available related Information Systems 4.1 National Urban Information system (NUIS) 4.2 Land Management Information system (LMIS) 4.3 SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructure) Model 5. Integrated Information System 6. Comprehensive Land Information System 7. Develop attributes for LIS at plot level 8. To Develop a Plot Level L.I.S in G.I.S Platform 9. Conclusions 10. References 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 8 9 9 9 10 13 15 16 19 21 23

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

List of Figures: Figure 1: Land Information Systems Figure 2: Features of Land information system Figure 3: Concept of Land information system Figure 4: Information regarding land for decision making process 3 4 4 6

List of Tables: Table 1: LMIS Attributes Table 2: SDI Attributes Table 3: Comprehensive Land information system Table 4: Plot Level Attributes 10 12 15 18

List of Abbreviations: LIS : Land Information System Land Management Information System Spatial Data Infrastructure National Urban Information System Geographical Information System

LMIS : SDI :

NUIS : GIS :

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

1. Land Information System: A system for acquiring, processing, storing and distributing information about land. Land information is required as it increases the chances of making and implementing better decisions in planning, development and management of land. Land information systems are the intelligence networks by which land may be successfully administrated. There is a need to: Acquire, store, and retrieve information about land for the purposes of planning, development and management. Compile some form of cadastral record that is complete, up to date and reliable. Display, in graphic form different combinations of spatial data especially related to topography and land parcels. Need for socio economic information. Analyze and process the data to produce meaningful land information.

Through Land Information System the above needs can be fulfilled. However the extent to which the needs can be met depends upon the culture, history, and economic conditions of the society. Land Information Systems give support to land planning by providing information about the land, the resources upon it and the improvements made to it. The operation of land information systems includes the acquisition and assembly of data, their processing, storage and maintenance, and their retrieval, analysis and dissemination. However the usefulness of such information system depends upon its up datedness, accuracy, completeness, and accessibility, and also upon the extent to which the system is designed for the benefit of the user rather than for the producer of the information.
Human Resources Organizing Procedures Collection Storage Retrieval Dissemination Use Technical Resources

Land Related Information

Land Information Systems

Figure 1: Land Information Systems

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

Land information systems may provide information in the form of map or it may also provide information in form of attribute data. Attribute data may be presented in text / numerical form and spatial data that can be shown on the map, and other related data. The attribute data describes the phenomena within a place like the characteristics of soil, population of an area, density, and other similar kind of activity. Whereas the locational components and other spatial relationships are included in the map. The general features of any system are represented in two types:

Figure 2: Features of Land information system

LIS can be used for keeping complete information regarding locations of all parcels of land, their utilization in terms of land uses, tracing intensity of development on the parcels of land and monitoring changes in physical and socio-economic attributes. 1.1 Concept of land information systems
Base Map
Khasra Map /Revenue Map
Land use Map& socio economic info

Updated Map

Integration of these factors and many more

Figure 3: Concept of Land information system

1.2 Related other Information systems: Land Resources Information System Spatial Data Management & Comprehensive Analysis System Planning Information System G.I.S 4
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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

Natural Resource Management Information System Geo-Information System Spatial Information System Environment Information System Multipurpose Land Use System

1.3 Merits of L.I.S: System to facilitate the urban and regional planning Same Information at the same time can be used by many agencies. Better monitoring system. Updation of present situation through maps.

Better Land management: Speculation of Land can be checked. Certainty of ownership Improved conveyancing.

1.4 Importance of Land Information System Once the database has been created, LIS can analyse and help in Planning and Policy making stage. Also it provides for monitoring and updation, making the information regarding various character of the land readily available.

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

2. Need of the Study Planning requires information, management. - for planning, monitoring, development and

In any planning process large land related information is collected, part of it is used in the preparation of plan. If it is not in any system the information collected is lost and cannot be used again. Information needs have been considered only in relation to the development of a particular plan or planning component. Severe problems in data availability have been identified for the next plan preparation. So there is a need for development of land Information System.

Information regarding land is a prime requisite for decision making process related to:

Figure 4: Information regarding land for decision making process

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

3. Aim, Objectives, Scope and Limitations, Methodology 3.1. Aim: To develop a land information system for urban planning - Case study: Hyderabad. 3.2. Objectives: To study the existing land information systems like National Urban Information System (NUIS), Land Management Information System (LMIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructure(SDI), and Work out an Integrated Information System. To study the Hyderabad core city master plan with respect to the integrated information system To develop a framework for comprehensive land information system for urban planning, development and management. To develop a plot level L.I.S in G.I.S platform.

3.3. Scope and Limitations: The study will focus on land planning, land development and land management as related to planning, but does not deal with land investment. Giving it a broad scope NUIS (planning information system) is considered as a part of Land information system. The work is limited to evaluation based on secondary sources, and this study will deal only Hyderabad Master Plan for core city area which is Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad area. A plot level L.I.S shall be prepared in G.I.S platform. Zonal level is not studied, as Hyderabad does not have zonal level plans.

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

3.4. Methodology:

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4. Existing available related Information Systems The existing models are National Urban Information System (NUIS), Land Management Information System (LMIS) and Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI). 4.1 National Urban Information system (NUIS) The broad objectives of NUIS Scheme: 1. To identify parameters required for the urban planning, frequency of updating at different hierarchical levels of urban planning. 2. To design a comprehensive urban information system useful to meet the needs of various hierarchical levels of urban planning i.e. Perspective, Development and Zonal plan. 3. To develop data (spatial and attribute) integration procedures for spatial planning for the purpose of sustainable development of urban areas. 4. To develop applications, decision, support system for area specific planning at different levels (Hierarchy) i.e., Perspective, Development and Zonal level plan exercises. 4.2 Land Management Information system (LMIS) The aim of LMIS (Land Management Information Systems) is to establish land records in a systematic way. In Delhi there are a total of four hundred and fifty nine villages, out of which some have been acquired for development purposes and these are two hundred and twenty nine in number, whereas there are still many villages are left which has not been acquired. The details of theses villages were in shajra maps, which are not easily available. Also these maps are very old and needs to be updated. As a result, a need to create information systems for management of land was felt. Delhi Development Authority to keep a track of the acquired land, its present situation, land available for development etc developed LMIS. Data required for creating LMIS: 1) Attribute data: since the aim of the model was to create information

systems for getting the present status of land, so the attribute data to be created was mainly categorized into two main categories: a) b) 9 Acquired Not Acquired
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Land information system as a tool for urban planning S.No. 1. 2. 3 Acquired Khasra Number Area ( Bijha, Biswa, Biswansi) Notification date under: 1) 2) 3) 4. Section 4 Section 6 Section 17 Not acquired Khasra Number Area ( Bijha, Biswa, Biswansi)

Award : Notification date under section 22

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Date of possession Date of Allotment Transfer Department Scheme Transfer Remarks( Putting up of all the details and a little history of the village) Remarks( Putting up of all the details and a little history of the village)

10. 11.

Payable amount Appeal able amount

Table 1: LMIS Attributes

2) Spatial data: Layout plan of the village having shajra numbers. Software used: AutoCAD Map was used to prepare the spatial database i.e. the layout plan having Khasra numbers and the attribute data was stored in the same as well as in the word and excel format. 4.3 SDI (Spatial Data Infrastructure) Model The SDI is launched in 2008 with the prime objective of Developing a single data sharing platform for all agencies for planning, monitoring and implementation Creating Photo realistic 3D model of Delhi 10
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Develop a single e Governance platform for all agencies in Delhi Govt.

What is Spatial Data Infrastructure? A spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a framework of spatial data, metadata, users and tools that are interactively connected in order to use spatial data in an efficient and flexible way. Another definition is the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data All information that is likely held by multiple organizations in a multitude of formats and with many disparate and possibly inconsistent data models. Spatial and Non Spatial Data for SDI
Spatial Data District Boundary Subdivision Boundary Village Boundary Boundary Urban body boundary Ward Boundary Locality Boundary Colony Boundary Buildings Building Location Road Transportation Railway Airport Metro Rail Sewerage Sewerage Line Utility Sewerage Manholes Sewerage Treatment Plant Sewerage Pumping Stations Underground Drain Generated and Treated Name and Type Ownership Details Name and Census data Non - Spatial Data

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning Storm Water Drain Water Line Location of Valves Tube wells Reservoir Water Supply Water Tank Water supply Manholes Pumping Station Water Treatment Plants Technical Boundary Land use / Land cover River Drain Hydrography Tube well Water bodies Drainage zones Framework
Table 2: SDI Attributes

Source and Number of Connections

Area and Percentages

Name and Capacity

In the present study the above three systems have been integrated and an integrated system has been worked out, and the applicability of these attributes at different planning level like master plan, zonal plan, ward level and area plan.

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5. To Study the Hyderabad Core City Master Plan with respect to the Integrated Information System Taking Hyderabad as the case study, LIS has been analyzed at the following levels: City Level Ward Level

5.1 City Level: Comparing the NUIS, LMIS and Spatial Data Infrastructure attributes with the Hyderabad master plan attributes and their sources of Data, the Findings are: Attributes which are not considered in master plan but available in the integrated system are: Demographic data: No. of houseless population, No. of women headed houses, Infant mortality, life expectancy at birth Electricity: No. of electric connections, Electric consumption Telecommunications: No. of telephone connections and no. of mobile connection Educational facilities: Type of Institutions Medical facilities: Type of hospitals Epidemic details: Name of the predominant diseases Availability of banking and credit facilities Law and order crimes Categories of housing: Pucca, kaccha and semi Pucca Housing Finance: Banks Private public partnership projects Environment: water pollution Governance: City GNP, total household income at national level

Attributes which are not considered in NUIS but used in Hyderabad master plan are: a) Heritage and conservation Spatial Data Location of the Heritage Buildings Conservation Sites

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Non - Spatial Data Name of the Heritage building Grade of the Building Significance of the Building and Conservation sites Image of the Heritage Building or Conservation Site

b) Tourism Spatial Data Location of Tourism Circuits - Regional and city

Non - Spatial Data Number of Tourist visitors - International and National Visitors Income generated and Expenditure by Tourism and Employment Generated Stay duration Multiplier Effect generated by Tourism

Attributes which are not considered in both NUIS and the master plan are: c) Disaster management Spatial Data Disaster prone areas: Disasters like flood, cyclone, Earth Quake, Fire, Tsunami etc ... Risk prone areas Vulnerable areas Hazard prone areas

Non- Spatial Data Vulnerable population Risk Prone Population

5.2 ward Level: Data sources for ward level information has been identified, taking ward 4 and 5 in Hyderabad, detailed ward level information sources are worked out.

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6. Comprehensive Land Information System

Plan / Purpose Planning level Regional Level City Level Zonal Level Ward Level Area Level (part of ward) Plot Level Building Level part of building NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Sectoral plans Urban Heritage Economic Base physical Infrastructure Social Infrastructure Environment

Land use / policy plan

Transport

Housing

development

Management

level Regional Level City Level Zonal Level Ward Level Area Level (part of ward) Plot Level Building Level part of building

NA NA

Components covered in NUIS

Components covered in LMIS

Components covered in SDI

Table 3: Comprehensive Land information system

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Layout

Planning Land

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Construction

Enforcement

Sanction /

(Taxation)

Plan / Purpose Assembly Land

Land use

Sanction

building

Land

Others

Land information system as a tool for urban planning

7. Develop attributes for LIS at plot level:

Spatial Non - Spatial City City Map, Circle Map , Location Details Ward Location and Area Location Map Circle Name Ward Name Locality name Surrounding boundaries Present Land use Land use Land use map Proposed Land use Building use Conversion ( Change) of Land use Address Total Plot area Built Up area (if not Vacant) Demographic Details Building use Map, Plot Level Map Building Type Structure Type Floor Use Density Ownership Name of the Road Road Width Surface Road Network Access Road Network Map Right of way Median (Yes or No) Capacity Priority of the Road Drinking Water Details Division Types of Water Supply Connection Continuity of Water Supply N. Sukeerthi , UP/ 919

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning Timing like From - To Size of the Pipe Pressure Division Sewerage (Waste Water) Network Invert Level Size of the Pipe Type Electricity Telecommunication Available (yes or no) Available (yes or no) Prevailing Govt Land Price Land Markets Market Land value Rental Value Monthly rent Any Historical Value of the Building Heritage Historic Building Pictures If yes then grade of the Building Significance of the Building Any Disasters that happened before (Yes Disaster Management or No) Name of the Disaster Any loss like human , property Set backs Coverage FAR Max. Height Land Development Controls Basement Parking Requirement Any violation in Development Controls Notice issued Complaints Plan Sanction Date Construction Date

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning Completion Date Land assembled (yes or no) stage of acquisition under any other assembly technique Land Assembly Notification date under Date of possession Date of Allotment Transfer Department Payable amount Plan Sanction Plan Sanction (Yes or No) Date of plan Sanction under any development/ redevelopment scheme status of the scheme status of plot in the development scheme plot under acquisition Land Management Compensation paid (amount) possession taken by the agency Date of possession Property Tax property tax paid or not Amount to be paid Land use in Master plan Land use Regulations Land use violations Notice issued Complaints Sanction building Construction Application for building sanction Building Plan Sanction Infrastructure Facilities given Urban Heritage Environmental Issues Disaster Management Issues N. Sukeerthi , UP/ 919

Land development / Redevelopment Layout

Any Special Considerations

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Land information system as a tool for urban planning

8. To Develop a Plot Level L.I.S in G.I.S Platform Locational Analysis - what is where...?

The fundamental principle of geography information system is the location of objects. This seeks to find out what exists at a particular location. A location can be described in many ways, using, for example place name, post code, or geographic reference such as longitude/latitude or x/y. Integration of spatial data with non spatial data

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Spatial database and attribute database are available on the same platform so decision making procedure becomes easy. Simultaneous viewing and data aggregation is possible. Analytical Capability, Overlay analysis

LIS provides for overlaying of different maps like land use, density and base maps etc so discrepancies within the plan can be avoided and also helps in decision making. Three-Dimensional Visualization: Plans are seen in 2 dimensional perspective in any plan, but the 3 dimensional perspective (things which are under and above) are not considered in any plan. Three-dimensional visualization GIS tools will help to give citizens and public officials the ability to visualize the impact or probable result of the projects and

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proposed land use and zoning changes or envision the results of smart growth initiatives. Three-dimensional visualization tools combined with planning support systems allow the public and decision makers to interactively change or simulate existing and proposed modeled environments or scenarios.

3D AnalystThree-dimensional data visualization and topographic analysis 9. Conclusions Universal database creation is possible. It leads to Transparency in the planning process because now information can be made available in the public domain through internet, anybody can access the information by just a click, thus provides a backup to every planning decision.

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For collection of various types of data it takes a long time and involved many agencies, but now with LIS the data can be accessed within seconds.

LIS provides for overlaying of different maps like land use, density and base maps etc so discrepancies within the plan can be avoided.

Spatial database and attribute database are available on the same platform so decision making procedure becomes easy.

Maps are available at different scales with different agencies, for e.g. Master plans are available at a scale of 1:80000 and zonal plans are available at a scale of 1:20000. LIS helps to make a universal scale.

LIS provides for a monitoring system which can be useful for keeping a check on the unauthorized developments and other illegal constructions.

Updating of the maps can be done so as to know the existing situation. LIS with the help of GIS makes it possible for planners and decision makers to explore a range of possible scenarios and to obtain an idea of the consequences of a course of action.

How LIS is beneficial for decision making process?

PLANNERS For scenario building, basedata is present on one platform. To access the impact of policy desicions through updated maps. It provides more accurate backup to their desicions. For taking decisions regarding individual investments like land purchase. For evaluating any decision taken by planners. For filing objections and suggesstions to facilitate the planning process. (Data can also be obtained through RTI but due to large bulk of the data, it takes a lot of time, in LIS information regarding spatial and attribute data can be accessed simultaneously) To check the rationale behind the decision taken by the planner.

INDIVIDUALS

ADMINISTRATORS

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10. References Books: 1. Ansari J. H., Einsiedel N.V., Urban Land Management improving policies and practices in developing countries of Asia . 2. Bolstad, P. (2005) GIS Fundamentals: A first text on Geographic Information Systems, Second Edition. White Bear Lake, MN: Eider Press. 3. Burrough, P.A. and McDonnell, R.A. (1998) Principles of geographical information systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford 4. Maguire, D.J., Goodchild M.F., Rhind D.W. (1997) "Geographic Information Systems: principles, and applications" Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow. 5. Dale P. F., McLauglin J. D., Land Information Management 6. Turkstra. J., Urban Development and Geographical Information. Reports: 1. National urban information system report 2. Municipal corporation of Hyderabad, Draft master plan report Internet: 1. http://www.fig.net/pub/athens/papers/ts21/TS21_5_Cete_Yomralioglu.pdf. 2. http://www.uda.lk/reports/ANNUAL%20REPORT%202005.pdf. 3. http://www.malaysiagis.com/gis_in_malaysia/articles/article37.pdf. 4. URL: http://www.ncgia.ucsb.edu/giscc/units/u164/u164.html 5. http://gsdidocs.org/gsdiconf/GSDI-7/papers/TSsdPS.pdf. 6. LIS in India - Perspective and restrospective.htm

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