Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 26/2011

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 26/2011
A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

18 December 2011
You can download back issues (2005 - 2011) of this newsletter at: http://german-practice-collection.org/en/links/newsletters/hesp-news-and-notes or search all issues there with:
Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

Perspectives on Global Development 2012: Social Cohesion in a Shifting World ................. 4 Pedagogical Integration of ICT: Successes and Challenges from 100+ African Schools ...... 4 World Migration Report 2011: Communicating Effectively about Migration............................ 4
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

Global Health................................................................................................................ 5
Should we call it murder? - On the Gutting of the Global Fund (Part 2) ................................. 5 Why we need a Commission on Global Governance for Health............................................. 5 Civil Society Organizations and the Functions of Global Health Governance: What Role within Intergovernmental Organizations?................................................................................ 5 Climate Change and Health: Policy Priorities and Perspectives............................................. 6 Health is Global: an outcomes framework for global health 2011-15 ..................................... 6
HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 6

UNAIDS Data Tables 2011 ..................................................................................................... 6 Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: how to predict success................................... 7 Antiretrovirals for Prevention: Realizing the Potential. Closing Commentary by the Executive Director of UNAIDS ................................................................................................................. 7 The 2010 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey in South Africa . 7 Pregnant Womens Access to PMTCT and ART Services in South Africa and Implications for Universal Antiretroviral Treatment ..................................................................................... 7 National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB, 2012-2016 - South Africa ............................... 8 Effective Approaches to Inform Social and Behaviour Change Communication Programming and Reduce HIV Risk for Sex Workers and MSM in Jamaica and The Bahamas.................. 8 Preventing HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review ..................... 8 Gender-Based Violence and HIV ............................................................................................ 9 Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision ..................................................................................... 9 Rapid Advice: Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Cryptococcal Disease in HIVinfected Adults, Adolescents and Children.............................................................................. 9 Vijana Tunaweza Newala: Findings from a Participatory Research and Action Project in Tanzania................................................................................................................................ 10 Methods for surveillance and monitoring of congenital syphilis elimination within existing systems ................................................................................................................................. 10
Sexual & Reproductive Health ................................................................................... 10

Toolkit for Integrating LGBTI Issues into HIV & GBV Prevention ......................................... 10 Well Show You Youre a Woman: Violence and Discrimination against Black Lesbians and Transgender Men in South Africa ......................................................................................... 11 Chinas far below replacement fertility and its long-term impact: Comments on the preliminary results of the 2010 census.................................................................................. 11 Social Franchising: reaching the underserved ...................................................................... 11
HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 1
Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................. 12

Essential Interventions, Commodities and Guidelines for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health.................................................................................................................... 12 Microfinance and Womens Health: What Do We Know?..................................................... 12 Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries.......................................................... 12 Guideline: Intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation in menstruating women ............ 13 Use of cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia....................................................... 13 Eliminating Health Inequities: Every Woman and Every Child Counts ................................. 13 Analysing Commitments to Advance the Global Strategy for Womens & Childrens Health14 Progress in Child Well-being - Building on what works......................................................... 14 An Evaluation of the Clinical Assessments of Under-Five Febrile Children Presenting to Primary Health Facilities in Rural Ghana .............................................................................. 14 Child Marriage in Yemen: How Come You Allow Little Girls to Get Married? .................... 15 Child Poverty in East Asia and the Pacific: Deprivations and Disparities ............................. 15 Taking Care of a Baby at Home After Birth: What Families Need to Do .............................. 15
Malaria........................................................................................................................ 16
World Malaria Report 2011 ................................................................................................... 16 Combining indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets for malaria control in Africa: a review of possible outcomes and an outline of suggestions for the future ........................ 16 Impact of combining intermittent preventive treatment with home management of malaria in children less than 10 years in a rural area of Senegal: a cluster randomized trial ............... 16 Primaquine in vivax malaria: an update and review on management issues ....................... 17
Tuberculosis ............................................................................................................... 17
Recommendations for Use of an Isoniazid-Rifapentine Regimen with Direct Observation to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection .............................................................. 17 What Research Is Needed to Stop TB? Introducing the TB Research Movement ............... 17
Other Infectious Diseases .......................................................................................... 18

Role(s) of Vaccines and Immunization Programs in Global Disease Control....................... 18 Toward an Open-Access Global Database for Mapping, Control, and Surveillance of Neglected Tropical Diseases ................................................................................................18 Onchocerciasis in the Americas: from arrival to (near) elimination....................................... 18 Examining the Relationship between Urogenital Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection........... 19
Essential Medicines.................................................................................................... 19
Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa - an urgent neglected public health priority ........... 19 Southern Med Review - Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2011 ............................................... 19 Access to Medicines for HIV after January 2016: Strategies and Options for Least Developed Countries............................................................................................................. 20
Social Protection ........................................................................................................ 20

Assessment of the Implications of the Bolsa Famlia Programme for the Decent Work Agenda .................................................................................................................................. 20 Cash transfers for maternal health: design opportunities and challenges in low-resource settings .................................................................................................................................. 20 Evidence and Lessons Learned from Impact Evaluations on Social Safety Nets ................ 21 Building Resilient Safety Nets ............................................................................................... 21 Ready or Not? Emergency Cash Transfers at Scale ............................................................ 21 Exit Doors, Productive Inclusion and Extreme Poverty Eradication in Brazil........................ 22 Social Policies in Seychelles ................................................................................................. 22 Global Food Stamps: An Idea Worth Considering? .............................................................. 22
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene ...................................................................................... 23

Valuing Water, Valuing Livelihoods....................................................................................... 23
Human Resources...................................................................................................... 23
Population Growth and the Global Health Workforce Crisis ................................................. 23
Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 23

Knowledge, Networks and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century ..... 23 Trends in Health Policy and Systems Research over the Past Decade: Still Too Little Capacity in Low-Income Countries ....................................................................................... 24 Epidemiological methods in diarrhoea studies - an update .................................................. 24 A systematic review of the literature for evidence on health facility committees in low- and middle-income countries ....................................................................................................... 24
Information & Communication Technology ................................................................ 25

Evaluating mHealth adoption barriers: Human behavior ...................................................... 25
Overselling Broadband: A Critique of the Recommendation of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development ......................................................................................................... 25 ICT for Disaster Risk Management ....................................................................................... 25
Education ................................................................................................................... 26
ICT for higher education: case studies from Asia and the Pacific......................................... 26 Stop Violence Against Girls in School................................................................................... 26 Free Primary Education and After in Kenya: Enrolment impact, quality effects, and the transition to secondary school...............................................................................................26
Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 27

Making Cities Smoke-free .....................................................................................................27 Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and other Drugs - Asia and the Pacific 2011........................................................................................................................... 27
Millennium Development Goals.................................................................................. 27

Africas health: could the private sector accelerate the progress towards health MDGs?.... 27
Development Assistance............................................................................................ 28
Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co-Operation................................................ 28 Value for money or a Results Obsession Disorder............................................................ 28 An Index of the Quality of Official Development Assistance in Health.................................. 28
Others......................................................................................................................... 29
Ensuring Equality: A Guide to Addressing and Eliminating Stigma and Discrimination in the Health Sector......................................................................................................................... 29 Surgery in Africa Monthly Reviews: Critical Care in Surgical Patients with Special Reference to Trauma .............................................................................................................................. 29 Development of medical device policies ............................................................................... 30
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 30

HIV-related Services Atlas .................................................................................................... 30 The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Vol. 5, No. 12: December 2011.............. 30 Health and Human Rights Vol. 13, No. 2 (2011)................................................................... 30
INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 31

The Cash Learning Partnership ............................................................................................ 31 Health Systems Evidence ..................................................................................................... 31
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES............................................ 31
E-learning course: Basics of Health Economics ................................................................... 31 Certificate in Essentials of Humanitarian Practice ................................................................ 31 Appropriate Technology in Health Services ..........................................................................32
CONFERENCES................................................................ 32
Prince Mahidol Award Conference 2012............................................................................... 32 Joint Meeting of German Society for Tropical Medicine and International Health (DTG) and German Society for Parasitology (DGP) ............................................................................... 33 Global Forum for Health Research 2012 .............................................................................. 33
CARTOON ......................................................................... 33 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 34

A quick Search Shortcut in Windows .................................................................................... 34 Multitasking with Apple iOS on your iPod touch, iPhone, or iPad......................................... 34
BOOKS
Perspectives on Global Development 2012: Social Cohesion in a Shifting World
OECD Development Centre, December 2011 Download Summary (6 pp. 314 kB): http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/47/50/49067954.pdf To buy the Full Report (260 pp.) go to: http://www.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/display.asp?lang=EN&sf1=identifiers&st1=5kgf1phslpq4 This report examines social cohesion in fast-growing developing countries and provides policy makers with recommendations for ways to strengthen it. A cohesive society works towards the well-being of all its members, fights exclusion and marginalisation, creates a sense of belonging, promotes trust, and offers its members the opportunity of upward mobility. This report looks at social cohesion through three different, but equally important lenses: social inclusion, social capital and social mobility. ***
Pedagogical Integration of ICT: Successes and Challenges from 100+ African Schools
3rd edition by Thierry Karsenti, Simon Collin and Toby Harper-Merrett International Development Research Centre (IDRC), 2011 349 pp. 3.5 MB: http://www.ernwaca.org/panaf/IMG/pdf/book-ict-pedagogical-integration-africa.pdf From the outset, the research on information and communication technologies (ICT) in African education systems has stirred both excitement and pessimism. Open and distance learning (ODL) also holds great promise for both initial university training and continuous education programs for practicing teachers. Nevertheless, the integration of ICT into African education and professional training systems comes with a number of limitations that must be taken into account. ***
World Migration Report 2011: Communicating Effectively about Migration

Editors Gervais Appave, Frank Laczko, Md. Shahidul Haque International Organization for Migration (IOM), 2011 184 pp. 10.8 MB (!): http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/WMR2011_English.pdf The report presents available evidence on public perceptions and attitudes regarding migration globally. It analyses the way in which they are shaped and how they can influence and be influenced by policy as well as the media. Furthermore, the medias role in communicating opinions, reporting trends and framing migration discourse is analyzed. Examples of good practice in communicating a positive and balanced image of migrants among government, civil society and the media are also included.
ONLINE PUBLICATIONS
Global Health Should we call it murder? - On the Gutting of the Global Fund (Part 2)
Remarks by Stephen Lewis, Co-Director of AIDS-Free World, delivered at a plenary session at the 2011 International Conference on AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Africa (ICASA) Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, December 6, 2011 Read online: http://hosted.verticalresponse.com/594745/142d2c71cc/1468556481/6f0ff7db5a/ Im going to deviate from the assigned topic. I shall address the Millennium Development Goals, but not in the way that was anticipated. There are two reasons. First, I want to speak in an unusually personal way, and from the heart, and in a fashion that leaves no room for ambiguity. Second, I consider the attack on the Global Fund to be the most serious assault it has endured in its ten-year history. I would feel utterly delinquent to let the issue slide. ***
Why we need a Commission on Global Governance for Health

Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, Senegal, and Thailand The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 9 December 2011 2 pp. 406 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611618540.pdf 5 years ago, the foreign ministers of Brazil, France, Indonesia, Norway, Thailand, Senegal, and South Africa, launched the Global Health and Foreign Policy Initiative in recognition of the central importance of health and its connection to multiple global governance processes. In this paper they argue why they welcome the creation of the independent academic Commission on Global Governance for Health organised by The Lancet, the University of Oslo, and the Harvard Global Health Institute. ***
Civil Society Organizations and the Functions of Global Health Governance: What Role within Intergovernmental Organizations?
by Kelley Lee Global Health Governance, Vol. III, No. 2 (April 2010) 20 pp. 108 kB: http://www.ghgj.org/Lee_CSOs.pdf Amid discussion of how global health governance (GHG) should and could be strengthened, the potential role of civil society organisations (CSOs) has been frequently raised. This paper considers the role of CSOs in four health governance instruments under the auspices of the WHO, and maps the functions they have contributed to.
Climate Change and Health: Policy Priorities and Perspectives

by Anthony J. McMichael Centre on Global Health Security, December 2011 15 pp. 856 kB: http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Gl obal%20Health/bp1211mcmichael.pdf The risks to population health and survival, and to social stability, from climate change are greater than have been generally appreciated. Further climatic influences are likely to cause direct and indirect adverse effects, including on mental health. These impacts will threaten the pursuit of health gains in lower-income regions. Population health may be further threatened by tensions, displacement and conflict. Global health and development strategies must address the health risks of human induced climate change as well as promote low-carbon strategies that improve health. ***
Health is Global: an outcomes framework for global health 2011-15

Department of Health, United Kingdom Government, 2011 20 pp. 585 kB: http://www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/do cuments/digitalasset/dh_125671.pdf Global health refers to the range of health issues influenced by factors that extend beyond state borders. This includes preparedness for pandemic influenza and emerging infections, climate change, international development and a worldwide healthcare industry. The UK Government has developed an outcomes framework that reaffirms a set of guiding principles and focuses their efforts on three areas for action: Global health security, International development and Trade for better health.
HIV - AIDS - STI UNAIDS Data Tables 2011

Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), 2011 36 pp. 557 kB: http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2225_UNAIDS_datatables_en.pdf The data tables describe in greater detail the progress being made against the HIV epidemic and the main challenges to achieving zero HIV infections and zero AIDS deaths. The data are drawn from country progress reports and will be updated regularly. This document reflects information found in the publication Global HIV/AIDS response: epidemic update and health sector progress towards universal access: progress report 2011, by UNAIDS, UNICEF and WHO. ***
Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: how to predict success

by Angela DM Kashuba, Kristine B Patterson, Julie B Dumond et al. The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 7 December 2011 3 pp. 50 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673611618527.pdf Use of antiretroviral drugs to prevent sexual transmission of HIV-1 has been a critical priority since their development. In the past 2 years results from seven important prevention trials have been reported. To predict success in clinical practice reliably, both the drug concentrations needed for protective efficacy and the best way to assess adherence in clinical trials must first be defined. Effectiveness trials that depend on adherence and many other factors - the real world - should await proof that antiretroviral agents work as anticipated. ***
Antiretrovirals for Prevention: Realizing the Potential. Closing Commentary by the Executive Director of UNAIDS
by Michel Sidib, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS Current HIV Research, 2011, 9, 470-472 3 pp. 315 kB: http://german-practice-collection.org/en/download-centre/doc_download/995 This editorial by Michel Sidib calls the use of antiretroviral therapy for prevention a game changer that may effectively limit the transmission of the virus to those uninfected while also averting illness in HIV-positive individuals. According to Sidib, this approach, in combination with other prevention activities, may dramatically slow the epidemic and tip the scales from a growing epidemic to one in decisive decline. ***
The 2010 National Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey in South Africa
National Department of Health (South Africa), November 2011 112 pp. 3.6 MB: http://www.hst.org.za/sites/default/files/hiv_aids_survey.pdf The Survey is used to estimate the national prevalence of HIV and Syphilis infection among pregnant women and then establish HIV prevalence estimate among the adult population of 15-49 year olds. The study also determines the geographical distribution pattern of HIV and Syphilis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at national and provincial level by both district and age groups. ***
Pregnant Womens Access to PMTCT and ART Services in South Africa and Implications for Universal Antiretroviral Treatment
by Akthar Hussain, Dhayendre Moodley, Sudhindra Naidoo et al. PLoS ONE 6(12): e27907 (5 December 2011) HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 7
7 pp. 377 kB: http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F 10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027907&representation=PDF n this urban South African community the antenatal HIV prevalence remains high (39%) and timely access to CD4 results during pregnancy is limited. Under the current South African guidelines, and assuming that access to CD4 results has improved, more than 70% of HIV-positive pregnant women in this community would be requiring HAART. ***
National Strategic Plan for HIV, STIs and TB, 2012-2016 - South Africa
South African National AIDS Council (SANAC), December 2011 92 pp. 726 kB:
http://www.sanacws.org.za/en/resource-centre/download/final-nsp-nov-11-pdf
The plans target is that by 2016 80% of people are on ARV treatment, that deaths from TB have been halved, and that new HIV infections are cut by 50%. This plan is unique, because millions of peoples lives depend on its successful implementation. Already there are over a million people on treatment. By the time the plan is complete that number must be three million. ***
Effective Approaches to Inform Social and Behaviour Change Communication Programming and Reduce HIV Risk for Sex Workers and MSM in Jamaica and The Bahamas
by Jessica Ogden, John Howson, Emily Bockh, and Kara Tureski C-Change, May 2011 67 pp. 1.3 MB: http://www.c-changeproject.org/sites/default/files/Global-BestPractices-Report-FINAL.pdf This report provides an overview of good and emerging Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC) responses in the US, Africa, India, the Caribbean, and Latin America to the HIV prevention needs of sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM). The information is intended to inform the global knowledge base on effective SBCC strategies that address these populations and support program design in Jamaica and The Bahamas. ***
Preventing HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review

by Matthew Chersich, Richard Steen, Fiona Scorgie et al. World Health Organization and WHO Regional Office for Africa (AFRO), November 2011 35 pp. 736 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501279_eng.pdf
The main focus of this report is to review the risk factors for HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa, and the interventions that have been successfully implemented in this region. The report suggests components of a health sector response necessary for accelerating prevention of HIV and other STIs among sex workers and their clients. The report, its findings and recommendations are based on a review of the available published evidence. ***
Gender-Based Violence and HIV

by Alia Khan AIDS Support and Technical Assistance Resources (AIDSTAR-One) Project, October 2011 70 pp. 771 kB: http://www.aidstar-one.com/sites/default/files/AIDSTAROne_GBV_Guidance_lowres.pdf Like HIV, gender-based violence (GBV) has implications for almost every aspect of health and development. This guide serves as a tool for program managers to not only begin to address GBV within their programs, but also to plan for greater integration and coordination within country teams when designing workplans and budgets. ***
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision

AIDSTAR-One, December 2011 25 pp. 86 kB:
http://www.aidstarone.com/printpdf/focus_areas/prevention/pkb/biomedical_interventions/voluntary_medical_male_circumcision?utm_source=blog&utm_medium=social&utm_content=PKBVMMC&utm_campaign=Afro
Evidence from recent clinical trials has shown that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) can significantly reduce (but not eliminate) mens risk of acquiring HIV through heterosexual vaginal sex. VMMC is part of a comprehensive HIV prevention strategy that is defined by the WHO to include screening and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, promotion of sexual partner reduction, correct and consistent male and female condom use, HIV testing and counselling, and active referral of HIV-positive clients to care and treatment. The publication includes an introduction to the topic, summaries of related research, promising interventions, program materials, and additional resources available. ***
Rapid Advice: Diagnosis, Prevention and Management of Cryptococcal Disease in HIV-infected Adults, Adolescents and Children
World Health Organization, December 2011 44 pp. 539 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502979_eng.pdf The case fatality rate in patients with cryptococcal meningitis, the commonest presentation of HIV-related cryptococcal disease in adults, remains unacceptably high, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, at between 35%-65%. An approach leading to earlier diagHESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 9
nosis, and improved treatment of cryptococcal disease and its complications, therefore, is urgently needed to reduce the incidence and associated high mortality in resourcelimited settings. The recommendations are aimed at policy makers, national treatment advisory boards, and HIV programme managers, as well as health-care professionals providing care for HIV-infected adults, adolescents, and children in both outpatient and inpatient settings. ***
Vijana Tunaweza Newala: Findings from a Participatory Research and Action Project in Tanzania
by Jennifer McCleary-Sills, Zayid Douglas, Annagrace Rwehumbiza et al. International Center for Research on Women, 2011 44 pp. 2.5 MB:
http://www.icrw.org/files/publications/Vijana%20Tunaweza%20Newala%20Findings%20from %20a%20Participatory%20Research%20and%20Action%20Project%20in%20Tanzania.pdf
Girls and young women are more likely to be HIV-positive than their male peers, due in large part to an array of gender inequalities that negatively impact their mental and physical well-being. Vijana Tunaweza Newala is a participatory research and action project in the Newala District of Tanzania, aimed at both understanding and responding to girls HIV-related vulnerabilities. The projects overarching purpose was to design and qualitatively assess a pilot intervention model to address their most pressing needs. This report provides details on the joint research and action process. ***
Methods for surveillance and monitoring of congenital syphilis elimination within existing systems
by Lori Newman, Nathalie Broutet, Mary Kamb World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control, 2011 33 pp. 1.2 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241503020_eng.pdf The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on the core indicators for elimination of congenital syphilis (ECS) efforts in regions and countries that can be integrated into existing data collection systems, in order to strengthen the underlying information systems. The use of common global indicators and tools by regions and countries will facilitate comparability of the resulting data between countries, allow establishment of global and regional monitoring of ECS efforts, improve service delivery, and assist in attainment of the MDGs.
Sexual & Reproductive Health Toolkit for Integrating LGBTI Issues into HIV & GBV Prevention
Southern Africa HIV and AIDS Information Dissemination Service (SAfAIDS), December 2011 To download the 9 components of the Toolkit go to: http://www.safaids.net/content/toolkit-integrating-lgbti-issues-hiv-gbv-prevention
This Toolkit shares information, tools, activities, and skills building ideas and methods to support organisations and individuals to better understand the needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex people (LGBTI) in HIV and gender-based violence (GBV) work in their communities. It provides a means to disseminate information pertaining to African sexualities, human sexuality and sexual minorities. It specifically addresses how sexual orientation and gender identity relates to and interconnects with HIV and gender based violence. ***
Well Show You Youre a Woman: Violence and Discrimination against Black Lesbians and Transgender Men in South Africa
Human Rights Watch, December, 2011 86 pp. 657 kB: http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/southafrica1211.pdf The report reveals widespread ignorance about lesbians and transgender men and deep-rooted prejudice against gender and sexual non-conformity. Almost all of those interviewed by Human Rights Watch said they lived in fear of sexual assault. The report found that lesbians and transgender men face extensive discrimination and violence in their daily lives, both from private individuals and government officials. The abusers of people known or assumed to be lesbian, bisexual, or transgender act with near-total impunity. ***
Chinas far below replacement fertility and its long-term impact: Comments on the preliminary results of the 2010 census
by Zhongwei Zhao and Wei Chen Demographic Research Volume 25 - Article 26, pp. 819-836 20 pp. 427 kB: http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol25/26/25-26.pdf This paper will, on the basis of newly published census results and other available evidence, further examine Chinas recent fertility decline and its impact on the countrys long-term development. It will also comment on the major discrepancies between the results of Chinese government recent population projection, the United Nations World Population Prospects, the 2010 Revision and Chinas 2010 census, and investigate the underlying causes that have led to these differences. ***
Social Franchising: reaching the underserved

by Cynthia Eldridge Marie Stopes International (MSI), 2011 8 pp. 479 kB: http://www.mariestopes.org/documents/publications/Socialfranchising-Innovations-FINAL.pdf Marie Stopes International (MSI) has established social franchise networks in nine countries. More than 1,000 MSI franchisees exist across Asia and Africa. MSIs social franchise networks engage existing private providers to deliver high quality sexual reproducHESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 11
tive health services in underserved areas. These franchisees are successfully meeting unmet need for effective sexual reproductive health services. This case study outlines the key components of MSIs social franchising approach and shows how it can successfully be replicated in other settings.
Maternal & Child Health Essential Interventions, Commodities and Guidelines for Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
World Health Organization (WHO), the Aga Khan University and The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH), December 2011 28 pp. 3.5 MB: http://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/part_publications/essentialinterve ntions14_12_2011low.pdf A new global consensus has been agreed on the key evidence-based interventions that will sharply reduce the 358,000 women who still die each year during pregnancy and childbirth and the 7.6 million children who die before the age of 5. The study reviewed more than 50,000 scientific papers to determine the proven effectiveness of interventions and impact on survival, identifying 56 essential interventions that when implemented in packages relevant to local settings, are most likely to save lives. ***
Microfinance and Womens Health: What Do We Know?

by Jennifer Kidwell Drake, Beth Balderston, Jennifer Kidwell Drake Outlook, Volume 28, Number 1, August 2011; published by PATH 8 pp. 407 kB: http://www.path.org/files/RH_outlook_28_1.pdf This issue of Outlook reviews the evidence base for microfinance approaches to improve and address womens health. It begins with background on the microfinance sector and links between microfinance and health. Interventions and approaches focused on family planning, womens health services utilization and access (including health financing mechanisms), and HIV prevention are discussed. The issue concludes with suggested operational considerations for integration and priorities for future research. ***
Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries

by Yarlini Balarajan, Usha Ramakrishnan, Emre zaltin et al. The Lancet, Vol. 378, Issue 9809, pp. 2123-2135, 17 December 2011 13 pp. 674 kB: http://download.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673610623045.pdf In this paper, the authors review the epidemiology, clinical assessment, pathophysiology, and consequences of anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries. Their HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 12
analysis shows that anaemia is disproportionately concentrated in low socioeconomic groups, and that maternal anaemia is strongly associated with child anaemia. Reduction of knowledge gaps in research and policy and improvement of the implementation of effective population-level strategies will help to alleviate the anaemia burden in lowresource settings. ***
Guideline: Intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation in menstruating women

by Luz Maria De-Regil, Juan Pablo Pea-Rosas, Metin Gulmezoglu et al. World Health Organization, December 2011 30 pp. 532 kB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502023_eng.pdf Women of reproductive age are at increased risk of anaemia because of chronic iron depletion during the menstrual cycle. It is estimated that worldwide there are 469 million anaemic women of reproductive age. At least half of the cases are attributed to iron deficiency. This guideline provides global, evidence-informed, recommendations on the intermittent use of iron and folic acid supplements as a public health measure for the purpose of reducing anaemia and improving iron status among menstruating women. ***
Use of cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

WHO guidelines WHO Steering Committee for the Recommendation on the Use of Cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, December 2011 38 pp. 1.4 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502856_eng.pdf In 2008, cervical cancer was responsible for 275,000 deaths, of which about 88% occurred in low- and middle-income countries. This document summarizes the new evidence based WHO recommendations about the use of cryotherapy in women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) for low-, middle- and highincome countries. ***
Eliminating Health Inequities: Every Woman and Every Child Counts

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH), November 2011 44 pp. 1.8 MB: http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/membernews/2011/20111129_he althinequities_report_eng..pdf The report paints a stark picture of global health inequities and focuses on women and children not only because many suffer undue hardship, but also because women are instrumental in improving the health of their children, families and communities. The report contains a set of concrete recommendations for action by different stakeholders, including government, donors and civil society, to improve access to quality care and health HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 13
information, and greater gender equality. ***
Analysing Commitments to Advance the Global Strategy for Womens & Childrens Health
The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health, 2011 60 pp. 4.1 MB: http://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/part_publications/PMNCH_Report _2011_-_29_09_2011_full.pdf This report analyses commitments to Advance the Global Strategy for Womens and Childrens Health. It seeks to further the collective understanding of the current Global Strategy commitments, facilitating more effective advocacy to advance the Every Woman, Every Child effort, as well as greater accountability in line with the recommendations of the Commission on Information and Accountability for Womens and Childrens Health. ***
Progress in Child Well-being - Building on what works

Published by the United Nations Childrens Fund in partnership with Save the Children UK, November 2011 12 pp. 484 kB:
http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publications/Progress%20in%20child%20well-being.pdf
The report brings encouraging news: There has been remarkable progress in childrens well-being throughout the world over the past few decades, and there is a path to extending these gains. Greater emphasis on the most disadvantaged children, where childhood deprivation is increasingly concentrated, offers a cost-effective and efficient way to make even faster progress toward internationally-agreed goals for children. ***
An Evaluation of the Clinical Assessments of Under-Five Febrile Children Presenting to Primary Health Facilities in Rural Ghana
by Frank Baiden, Seth Owusu-Agyei, Justina Bawah et al. PLoS ONE 6(12): e28944 (13 December 2011) 8 pp. 100 kB:
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=6D8A1ACB66CD5B88 93F67CEDB297D3AC?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0028944&representation=PDF
The shift to test-based management of malaria represents an important departure from established practice under the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI). The possibility of false results of tests for malaria and co-morbidity, however, make it important that guidelines in IMCI case assessment are still followed. The authors conclude that facility-tailored interventions are needed to improve adherence to IMCI guidelines incorporating test-based management of malaria. Studies are needed to reevaluate the continued validity of tasks defined in IMCI case assessment guidelines. *** HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 14
Child Marriage in Yemen: How Come You Allow Little Girls to Get Married?
Human Rights Watch, December 2011 58 pp. 600 kB:
http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/reports/yemen1211ForUpload_0.pdf
This report documents the lifelong damage to girls who are forced to marry young. Yemeni girls and women told Human Rights Watch about being forced into child marriages by their families, and then having no control over whether and when to bear children and other important aspects of their lives. They said that marrying early had cut short their education, and some said they had been subjected to marital rape and domestic abuse. There is no legal minimum age for girls to marry in Yemen. Many girls are forced into marriage, and some are as young as 8. ***
Child Poverty in East Asia and the Pacific: Deprivations and Disparities
by Alberto Minujin, Diego Born, Skye Dobson Equity for Children and UNICEF East Asia Pacific, October 2011 91 pp. 2.5 MB: http://equityforchildren.org/descargar-child-poverty-in-east-asiaand-the-pacific-deprivations-and-disparities/504/index.html The report is based on data from seven countries in the region: Cambodia, Lao PDR, Mongolia, Philippines, Thailand, Vanuatu and Viet Nam. The study results show that, of the 93 million children living in these seven countries, approximately 54% experience poverty as measured by deprivation of basic needs. In 2006, approximately 36% of the children suffered severe deprivation in at least one of the seven dimensions identified as relevant for child poverty: food, water, shelter, sanitation, health, education and information. ***
Taking Care of a Baby at Home After Birth: What Families Need to Do

CORE Group, Save the Children and American College of NurseMidwives, 2011 31 pp. 2.8 MB: http://www.healthynewbornnetwork.org/sites/default/files/res ources/CORE%20ENC%2011-08-2011.pdf This flipbook contains key messages that pregnant women and their families need in order to plan care of an infant at home right after birth. It focuses on essential actions families can take both to prevent newborn death and illness and to promote healthy newborn development. The material encourages use, whenever possible, of skilled birth attendants and clinical services and, where that is not realistic, provides some information on what families can do for pregnant women and care of the baby at birth. ***
Malaria World Malaria Report 2011

by Maru Aregawi, Richard Cibulskis, Michael Lynch, et al. World Health Organization, December 2011 259 pp. 14.3 MB(!): http://www.who.int/entity/malaria/world_malaria_report_2011/9789 241564403_eng.pdf The report summarizes information received from 106 malaria-endemic countries and a range of other sources. It analyses prevention and control measures according to a comprehensive set of indicators, and highlights continued progress towards global malaria targets. The report shows clear progress in the fight against malaria and a decline in estimated malaria cases and deaths. For the first time, the report contains individual profiles for 99 countries with ongoing malaria transmission. ***
Combining indoor residual spraying and insecticide-treated nets for malaria control in Africa: a review of possible outcomes and an outline of suggestions for the future
by Fredros O Okumu and Sarah J Moore Malaria Journal 2011, 10:208 (28 July 2011) 13 pp. 1.2 MB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-208.pdf Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS) are currently the preferred methods of malaria vector control. In many cases, these methods are used together in the same households, especially to suppress transmission in holoendemic and hyperendemic scenarios. Though widespread, there has been limited evidence suggesting that such co-application confers greater protective benefits than either ITNs or IRS when used alone. This article concludes by emphasizing the need for basic and operational research, including mathematical modelling to evaluate IRS/ITN combinations in comparison to IRS alone or ITNs alone. ***
Impact of combining intermittent preventive treatment with home management of malaria in children less than 10 years in a rural area of Senegal: a cluster randomized trial
by Roger CK Tine, Babacar Faye, Cheikh T Ndour et al. Malaria Journal 2011, 10:358 (13 December 2011) 19 pp. 273 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-358.pdf Individual malaria control interventions like early case detection using rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with artemisinin combination therapy provide only partial protection in most epidemiological situations. Therefore, there is a need to investigate the potential benefits of integrating several malaria interventions to reduce malaria prevalence and morbidity. The authors conclude that combining intermittent preventive treatment in chilHESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 16
dren (IPTc) and home-based management of malaria (HMM) can provide significant additional benefit in preventing clinical episodes of malaria as well as anaemia among children in Senegal. ***
Primaquine in vivax malaria: an update and review on management issues

by Deepika Fernando, Chaturaka Rodrigo and Senaka Rajapakse Malaria Journal 2011, 10:351 (12 December 2011) 24 pp. 205 kB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-351.pdf Primaquine has remained the only FDA licensed drug capable of clearing the intrahepatic schizonts and hypnozoites of Plasmodium vivax. This update and review focuses on five major aspects of primaquine use in treatment of vivax malaria, namely: a) evidence of efficacy of primaquine for its current indications; b) potential hazards of its widespread use, c) critical analysis of reported resistance against primaquine containing regimens; d) evidence for combining primaquine with artemisinins in areas of chloroquine resistance; and e) the potential for replacement of primaquine with newer drugs.
Tuberculosis Recommendations for Use of an Isoniazid-Rifapentine Regimen with Direct Observation to Treat Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
by John A. Jereb, Stefan V. Goldberg, Krista Powell et al Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), December 9, 2011, 60 (48); 1650-1653 4 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/pdf/wk/mm6048.pdf Preventing tuberculosis (TB) by treating latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is a cornerstone of the U.S. strategy for TB elimination. Three randomized controlled trials have shown that a new combination regimen of isoniazid (INH) and rifapentine (RPT) administered weekly for 12 weeks as directly observed therapy (DOT) is as effective for preventing TB as other regimens. This report provides CDC recommendations for using the INH-RPT regimen. ***
What Research Is Needed to Stop TB? Introducing the TB Research Movement

by Christian Lienhardt, Marcos Espinal, Madhukar Pai et al. PLoS Med 8(11): e1001135 (29 November 2011) 6 pp. 251 kB:
http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=66B890606EF0233C4 99C61FDF1D94703?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.1001135&representation=PDF
Current tuberculosis (TB) control tools are insufficient to confront the global burden of TB. Novel tools and interventions are highly needed. The Stop TB Partnership and the WHO Stop TB Department have launched the TB Research Movement, with the aim of boosting TB research and accelerating progress in TB control towards international tarHESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 17
gets. In this paper, the authors describe the development of the Research Movement strategic plan, highlighting progress in its two key components: (1) the analysis of the global funding landscape for TB research, and (2) the development of a global TB research agenda.
Other Infectious Diseases Role(s) of Vaccines and Immunization Programs in Global Disease Control
by Phillip Nieburg and Nancy M. McLaren Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS), December 2011 18 pp. 647 kB:
http://csis.org/files/publication/111207_Nieburg_RolesofVaccine_WEB.pdf
This brief report focuses on the nuts and bolts of the complex biological, epidemiologic, and risk management concepts that are the foundations of global and national expert group recommendations for specific target groups for currently available childhood vaccines and others. Using examples of specific vaccine successes and disease challenges, this report highlights the ongoing attention to detail required for the success of local, national, and global immunization efforts. ***
Toward an Open-Access Global Database for Mapping, Control, and Surveillance of Neglected Tropical Diseases
by Eveline Hrlimann, Nadine Schur, Konstantina Boutsika et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(12): e1404 (13 December 2011) 11 pp. 875 kB: http://www.plosntds.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action?uri=info%3Adoi%2F 10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0001404&representation=PDF Disease risk estimates of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a key feature to target control interventions, and serve as a benchmark for monitoring and evaluation. What is currently missing is a georeferenced global database for NTDs providing open-access to the available survey data that is constantly updated and can be utilized by researchers and disease control managers to support other relevant stakeholders. The authors describe the steps taken toward the development of such a database that can be employed for spatial disease risk modeling and control of NTDs. ***
Onchocerciasis in the Americas: from arrival to (near) elimination

by Ken Gustavsen, Adrian Hopkins and Mauricio Sauerbrey Parasites & Vectors 2011, 4:205 (25 October 2011) 6 pp. 548 kB: http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/pdf/1756-3305-4-205.pdf Onchocerciasis has been a public health threat in the Americas for nearly five centuries, impacting hundreds of thousands of people with the threat of severe dermatological HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 18
conditions, vision impairment and blindness. However, advances in pharmaceutical therapy and innovative approaches to public health developed by various stakeholders have established an effective approach to addressing the disease on individual, community, national and regional levels. There is now very real potential for elimination of onchocerciasis from the Western Hemisphere within the next few years. ***
Examining the Relationship between Urogenital Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection

by Pamela Sabina Mbabazi, Olivia Andan, Daniel W. Fitzgerald et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5(12): e1396 (6 December 2011) 8 pp. 337 kB:
http://www.plosntds.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=B3F403E93AC65263 E9793B7C84F66C57?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pntd.0001396&representation=PDF
Studies support the hypothesis that urogenital schistosomiasis in women and men constitutes a significant risk factor for HIV acquisition due both to local genital tract and global immunological effects. In those who become HIV-infected, schistosomal coinfection may accelerate HIV disease progression and facilitate viral transmission to sexual partners. Establishing effective prevention strategies using praziquantel, including better definition of treatment age, duration, and frequency of treatment for urogenital schistosomiasis, is an important public health priority. The findings call attention to this pressing yet neglected public health issue and the potential added benefit of scaling up coverage of schistosomal treatment for populations in whom HIV infection is prevalent.
Essential Medicines Poor quality vital anti-malarials in Africa - an urgent neglected public health priority
by Paul N Newton, Michael D Green, Dallas C Mildenhall et al. Malaria Journal 2011, 10:352 (13 December 2011) 62 pp. 5.6 MB: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/pdf/1475-2875-10-352.pdf Criminals are producing diverse harmful anti-malarial counterfeits with important public health consequences. The presence of artesunate monotherapy, substandard and/or degraded and counterfeit medicines containing sub-therapeutic amounts of unexpected anti-malarials will engender drug resistance. With the threatening spread of artemisinin resistance to Africa, much greater investment is required to ensure the quality of ACT and removal of artemisinin monotherapies. The International Health Regulations may need to be invoked to counter these serious public health problems. ***
Southern Med Review - Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2011

An International Journal to Promote Pharmaceutical Policy Research 60 pp. 806 kB:
http://www.fmhs.auckland.ac.nz/sop/smr/_docs/SMR_Vol4_Issue2.pdf
In this issue: BigPharma and unethical marketing The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement and access to medicines Access and local production of medical technologies Essential medicines and reproductive health Pharmacy practice in Qatar and Macedonia Pharmaceutical policies in European countries Medicines information in Slovenia ADR reporting in Malaysia ***
Access to Medicines for HIV after January 2016: Strategies and Options for Least Developed Countries
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), November 2011 16 pp. 195 kB: http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublicati on/2011/JC2258_techbrief_TRIPS-access-medicines-LDC_en.pdf By January 2016, the patenting situation of HIV-related medicines, particularly second and third-line treatments, as well as diagnostics, will be even more complex than it was in 2001 when the Doha Declaration was adopted. Therefore Least Developed Countries (LDCs) will continue to need maximum flexibility beyond January 2016 with respect to their TRIPS obligations in order to address their public health needs. There are clear parameters and rationale for granting LDCs further extension before full pharmaceutical patenting is required.
Social Protection Assessment of the Implications of the Bolsa Famlia Programme for the Decent Work Agenda
by Ana Flavia Machado, Gustavo Geaquinto Fontes, Mariangela Furlan Antigo et al. International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG), December 2011 43 pp. 424 kB: http://www.ipc-undp.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper85.pdf This paper explains that Brazils Bolsa Famlia cash transfer programme has important implications for decent work, as it helps to alleviate poverty among the working population, decreases the number of hours children spend working, and increases school enrollment. It also shows that the largest cash transfer programme in the world - reaching around 25 per cent of Brazils population, does not appear to jeopardize adults performance in the labour market. ***
Cash transfers for maternal health: design opportunities and challenges in low-resource settings
by Fiona Samuels and Nicola Jones Overseas Development Institute, December 2011 HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 20
4 pp. 173 kB: http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/7521.pdf Based on a review of best practice, this Project Briefing provides an outline of the key elements to be considered when designing a cash transfer project that aims to improve maternal health outcomes in low-resource settings. ***
Evidence and Lessons Learned from Impact Evaluations on Social Safety Nets
by Javier Baez, Tu Chi Nguyen, Ximena del Carpio et al. The World Bank, Independent Evaluation Group (IEG), December 2011 145 pp. 3.4 MB:
http://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/content/dam/ieg/ssn/ssn_meta_review.pdf
This report finds that the evidence on the impacts of social safety nets accumulated through impact evaluations over the last decade provides lessons for developing effective programs in the future. Impact evaluations show that many safety net interventions, including conditional and unconditional cash transfers as well as workfare programs, have achieved their primary objectives of raising households immediate consumption and income, and reducing poverty. ***
Building Resilient Safety Nets

Social Protection South-South Learning Forum, 30 May to 3 June, 2011, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia by John A. Elder The World Bank Group, December 2011 80 pp. 5.0 MB:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/SAFETYNETSANDTRANSFERS/Resources/2 81945-1131468287118/1876750-1297875636846/S-S_Forum_2011_Final_Report.pdf
Delegates of the forum shared first hand country experiences on the design and implementation of safety net programs related to the recent wave of food, fuel and financial crises and natural disasters impact on the poor population. The event represents a continuation of a series of Learning Fora hosted by the World Bank, including a series of events on Conditional Cash Transfers, the Cairo Forum 2009 on safety nets in response to the triple wave of crisis and the Arusha Forum 2010 examining the role of Public Works programs as part of national social protection agendas. ***
Ready or Not? Emergency Cash Transfers at Scale

by Lois Austin and Jacqueline Frize The Cash Learning Partnership (CaLP) and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), 2011 74 pp. 913 kB:
http://www.cashlearning.org/downloads/resources/calp/CaLP%20Ready %20Or%20Not%20-%20Emergency%20Cash%20Transfers%20At%20Scale.pdf
Whilst there is significant experience of implementing cash transfer programmes (CTP) in emergencies this has seldom been at a scale comparable to in-kind responses. A number of critical gaps and blockages standing in the way of scaled up programming in the wake of a disaster have been identified through this study, with recommendations made as to how these might be addressed. ***
Exit Doors, Productive Inclusion and Extreme Poverty Eradication in Brazil

Secretariat for Strategic Affairs at the Presidency of the Republic (SAE/PR), December 2011 11 pp. 929 kB: http://www.ipc-undp.org/pressroom/files/ipc692.pdf This new publication from Brazil poses productive inclusion as a key strategy to eradicate poverty and explains how the integration of different social programmes has been producing outstanding results in the country. It presents the Brazil sem Misria plan for the first time in English and states that effective poverty eradication in Brazil results from ensuring the existence of high quality productive opportunities, making sure that these opportunities are easily accessible for the poor, as well as ensuring that the poor have the necessary skills to take advantage of them. ***
Social Policies in Seychelles

by Liam Campling, Hansel Confiance, Marie-Therese Purvis Commonwealth Secretariat and United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2011 140 pp. 1.0 MB: http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/(httpAuxPages)/3A9A 74B074A08D26C12579580049787F/$file/Seychelles.pdf Seychelles has one of the most extensive social policy programmes in the developing world, and has been identified as a model for the rest of Africa. This publication provides comprehensive analysis of social policy development from the colonial era onward, focusing on the political and economic developments that have led to the current situation. The challenge now is to maintain current levels of social policy interventions in the face of severe indebtedness and stagnant economic growth. ***
Global Food Stamps: An Idea Worth Considering?

by Tim Josling International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, August 2011 27 pp. 1.3 MB:
http://ictsd.org/downloads/2011/12/global-food-stamps-an-idea-worth-considering.pdf
Currently, the low levels of purchasing power of poor consumers in many developing countries remain a persistent obstacle to efforts to ensure food security. This paper reHESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 22
views the analytical argument for addressing problems of hunger and food insecurity through food stamps or vouchers distributed to poor consumers.
Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Valuing Water, Valuing Livelihoods

Guidance on Social Cost-benefit Analysis of Drinking-water Interventions, with special reference to Small Community Water Supplies Edited by John Cameron, Paul Hunter, Paul Jagals and Katherine Pond World Health Organization with IWA Publishing, December 2011 262 pp. 3.2 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9781843393108_eng.pdf Economic criteria shape investments in drinking-water supply systems and services. Yet, often they may be defined in a narrow sense and economic returns may be evaluated in strictly financial terms. The result is an emphasis on large, urban infrastructural works. Yet, a large part of the worlds population in rural and peri-urban areas relies on small community water supplies. This publication addresses the broader issues of social cost-benefit analysis performed on options to invest in drinking-water supplies, with a focus on small community suppliers.
Human Resources Population Growth and the Global Health Workforce Crisis
by Sara Pacqu-Margolis, Carie Muntifering, Crystal Ng, and Shaun Noronha IntraHealth International, November 2011 6 pp. 609 kB: http://www.capacityplus.org/files/resources/population-growth-global-healthworkforce-crisis.pdf In this brief, the authors assert that a countrys rate of population growth is the critical variable in health workforce planning. Growing populations will require additional health workers to provide the minimum coverage. However, if countries are able to implement policies and programs that result in smaller population growth rates, the authors demonstrate that the total number of health workers needed could be significantly reduced.
Health Systems & Research Knowledge, Networks and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century
The Royal Society, March 2011 114 pp. 6.2 MB: http://royalsociety.org/uploadedfiles/royal_society_content/influen cing_policy/reports/2011-03-28-knowledge-networks-nations.pdf
The publication reviews, based on available data, the changing patterns of science and scientific collaboration, in order to provide a basis for understanding such ongoing changes. It aims to identify the opportunities and benefits of international collaboration, to consider how they can best be realised, and to initiate a debate on how international scientific collaboration can be harnessed to tackle global problems more effectively. ***
Trends in Health Policy and Systems Research over the Past Decade: Still Too Little Capacity in Low-Income Countries
by Taghreed Adam, Saad Ahmad, Maryam Bigdeli et al. PLoS ONE 6(11): e27263 (22 November 2011) 10 pp. 983 kB:
http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObjectAttachment.action;jsessionid=B5B8EBF6985E9091 C962564827F68F19?uri=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0027263&representation=PDF
Although progress has been made in both the production and funding availability for health policy and systems research (HPSR), capacity to undertake the research locally has grown at a much slower pace, particularly in low-income countries (LICs) where there is most need for this research. A firm commitment to dedicate a proportion of all future funding for research to building capacity may be the only solution to turn the tide. ***
Epidemiological methods in diarrhoea studies - an update

by Wolf-Peter Schmidt, Benjamin F Arnold, Sophie Boisson et al. Int. J. Epidemiol. (2011) 40 (6): 1678-1692 15 pp. 203 kB: http://ije.oxfordjournals.org/content/40/6/1678.full.pdf+html Diarrhoea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality but is difficult to measure in epidemiological studies. Using appropriate sampling strategies and outcome measures can improve the efficiency, validity and comparability of diarrhoea studies. Allocating large clusters in cluster randomized trials is compromized by unpredictable design effects and should be carried out only if the research question requires it. ***
A systematic review of the literature for evidence on health facility committees in low- and middle-income countries
by David C McCoy, Jennifer A Hall and Melanie Ridge Health Policy and Planning 2011;1-18, Advance Access published December 8, 2011 18 pp. 351 kB: http://heapol.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/czr077?ijkey=SVuzQ0 Y8N1kNLcw&keytype=ref Community participation in health (CPH) has been advocated for more than 30 years, but there have been few systematic reviews of its functioning and effectiveness. A commonly promoted mechanism for CPH is the health facility committee. The literature HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 24
review did find information on the factors that may facilitate or inhibit the performance and effectiveness of health facility committees. Using this, a conceptual model was developed which can be used by health planners and managers interested in facilitating CPH and improving the effectiveness of health facility committees.
Information & Communication Technology Evaluating mHealth adoption barriers: Human behavior
by Axel Nemetz The Vodafone Health Debate Series, 2011 28 pp. 1.3 MB: http://www.mobileactive.org/files/file_uploads/Vodafone_mHealth_ Solutions-Insights-Guide-Evaluating-mHealth-Adoption-Barriers-HumanBehaviour.pdf The aim of this guide is to provide some evidence based stimulus that will encourage all those working in the different areas of healthcare to consider the innovation opportunities that are now available to them. The authors believe that real progress can only be initiated when all stakeholders look beyond traditional horizons and share ideas that challenge the status quo so that together we can identify new ways of addressing current issues. ***
Overselling Broadband: A Critique of the Recommendation of the Broadband Commission for Digital Development
by Charles Kenny Center for Global Development, December 2011 19 pp. 495 kB: http://www.cgdev.org/files/1425798_file_Kenny_overselling_broadband_FINAL.pdf The Broadband Commission for Digital Development is an ITU (UN International Telecommunications Union) and UNESCO-backed body set up to advocate for greater broadband access worldwide. The commissions Declaration of Broadband Inclusion for All and other reports call for governments to support ubiquitous fixed broadband access as a vital tool for economic growth and to reach the Millennium Development Goals. Examining the evidence, however, shows that the benefits of broadband are being oversold. ***
ICT for Disaster Risk Management

Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Briefing Note 9, 2011 4 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.unapcict.org/ecohub/briefing-note-9-ict-for-disaster-riskmanagement/at_download/attachment1 This briefing note focuses on disaster risk management as an information-hungry set of activities for protecting the publics welfare and promoting sustainable development. Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs), particularly computer and WebHESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 25
based digital technologies, are used to connect the decision maker or actor to the sources of information, and to analyze these in order to know what to do or what to avoid. A framework is provided to guide the audience through the flow of information among the disaster risk management activities of mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery.
Education ICT for higher education: case studies from Asia and the Pacific
Editor: Clive Wing UNESCO Bangkok, Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education, 2011 171 pp. 14.1 MB(!): http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0021/002141/214143e.pdf In all the cases discussed in this publication, ICT is used not only for the delivery of lectures and materials, but also for administration and management purposes. It is clear that administrative functions such as student registration, grades, course schedules and even staffing evaluation, have benefitted from the use of ICT. By all accounts, the outcomes of utilizing technology for higher education have been very encouraging. ***
Stop Violence Against Girls in School

by Jenny Parkes and Jo Heslop Institute of Education, University of London, September 2011 80 pp. 3.6 MB:
http://www.ungei.org/files/svags__a_cross_country_analysis_of_baseline_research_from_ghana_kenya_and_mozambique.pdf
This report provides a synthesis of research undertaken as part of ActionAid Internationals Stop Violence Against Girls in School project in Ghana, Kenya and Mozambique. It provides insights into some of the key factors preventing the realisation of girls rights to and in education and aims to serve as a catalyst for further reflection, research and action aimed at bringing about positive transformations in girls lives in those three countries and beyond. ***
Free Primary Education and After in Kenya: Enrolment impact, quality effects, and the transition to secondary school
by Moses Oketch and Tony Somerset Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity, May 2010 42 pp. 925 kB: http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/PTA37.pdf This report of field research adds greatly to our understanding of the impact of national policies of free education on individual primary schools, on flows of students through those schools and their transitions to secondary schools. First, the local-level effects of HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 26
Free Primary Education (FPE) 2003 program is examined. Secondly, the researchers enquire into the secondary-school transition patterns among the pupils who graduated at the end of 2007. Then they examine the future consequences likely to follow from the type of secondary school the primary graduate enters. In the final section they consider implications of the study for policy.
Harm Reduction and Drug Use Making Cities Smoke-free

by Francisco Armada, Mina Kashiwabara, Armando Peruga et al. World Health Organization, December 2011 62 pp. 2.0 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241502832_eng.pdf This paper is intended to assist city staff and other city officials to prepare for and implement smoke-free legislation that is popular, complied with, and effective in improving health. Implementation of smoke-free legislation is associated with better health amongst workers, improved indoor air quality, and a lower incidence of heart attacks. The paper draws on the experience of many different jurisdictions to provide practical information about how your city can become smoke-free. ***
Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and other Drugs Asia and the Pacific 2011
by Justice Tettey, Beate Hammond, Alice Hamilton et al. A Report from the Global SMART Programme, November 2011 184 pp. 12.7 MB(!): http://www.unodc.org/documents/scientific/Asia_and_the_Pacific_2 011_Regional_ATS_Report.pdf This annual report is the third regional situation assessment for East and South-East Asia put forward under the Global SMART Programme. It is hoped that the information on drug trends presented in this report will make a practical contribution to addressing the significant threat posed by the illicit Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) manufacture, trafficking and use in the East and South-East Asia region, and place policymakers in a better position to evaluate the drug situation, and to make informed decisions on intervention and prevention strategies.
Millennium Development Goals Africas health: could the private sector accelerate the progress towards health MDGs?
by Luis G Sambo and Joses M Kirigia International Archives of Medicine 2011, 4:39 (25 November 2011) 17 pp. 202 kB: http://www.intarchmed.com/content/pdf/1755-7682-4-39.pdf HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 27
There is clear need for the private sector, given its breadth, scope and size, to play a more significant role in supporting governments, communities and partners to develop and implement national health policies and strategic plans; strengthen health systems capacities; and implement roadmaps for accelerating the attainment of health MDGs. This article provides an overview of the state of public health, summarizes 2010-2015 WHO priorities, and explores the role that private sector could play to accelerate efforts towards health MDGs in the African Region.
Development Assistance Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co-Operation

Fourth High Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness, Busan, Republic of Korea, 29 November - 1 December 2011 12 pp. 199 kB: http://www.aideffectiveness.org/busanhlf4/images/stories/hlf4/OUTCOME_DOCU MENT_-_FINAL_EN.pdf This declaration for the first time establishes an agreed framework for development cooperation that embraces traditional donors, South-South co-operators, the BRICs, CSOs and private funders. This marks a turning point for international development cooperation. The process has been guided by the Working Party on Aid Effectiveness (WPEFF), which brings together representatives of over 80 countries and organizations. ***
Value for money or a Results Obsession Disorder

by Marcus Leroy The Broker, 7 December 2011 Read online at: http://www.thebrokeronline.eu/Blogs/Busan-High-Level-Forum/Valuefor-money-or-Results-Obsession-Disorder For many decades development aid of western donors has been pretty well shielded from probing questions by the public opinion and politicians. Development aid was, and to some extend still is, essentially seen as helping poor people, a charitable activity that is inherently good and respectable and doesnt need any further examination. A number of factors - the appearance of new actors on the aid scene, budget constraints, aid fatigue, the shift to the right of the political spectrum - have changed this. More than ever before the aid industry is now confronted by the incisive and pressing question: what is the use of all these billions of aid money? ***
An Index of the Quality of Official Development Assistance in Health

DRAFT by Denizhan Duran and Amanda Glassman Center for Global Development, 6 December, 2011
66 pp. 1.1 MB: http://www.cgdev.org/doc/blog/QuODAH_Draft_Dec6_PeerReview.pdf Health is one of the largest and most complex aid sectors: 16% of all aid went to the health sector in 2009. While many stress the importance of aid effectiveness, there are limited quantitative analyses of the quality of health aid. In this paper, the authors apply Birdsall and Kharas Quality of Official Development Assistance (QuODA) index methodology to rank donors across 23 indicators of aid effectiveness in health. They present their results, as well as their limitations, and call for more transparent and relevant aid data in the sector-level.
Others Ensuring Equality: A Guide to Addressing and Eliminating Stigma and Discrimination in the Health Sector
by Lindsey Peugh and Eric A. Friedman Physicians for Human Rights (PHR), July 2011 46 pp. 335 kB: https://s3.amazonaws.com/PHR_other/HCW-stigma-reductionguide-July2011.pdf Health workers, medicines, facilities - as necessary as all these are, they are not enough to achieve the goal of universal access to health services, much less to fulfill key aspects of the right to health, unless another critical obstacle to quality care is addressed. This is the pernicious, even lethal, stigma and discrimination that impedes peoples ability to access quality health services that respect the dignity of all users. Physicians for Human Rights has created a guide to assist policymakers, health workers, and civil society comprehensively respond to stigma and discrimination in the health sector, and to secure patients rights. ***
Surgery in Africa Monthly Reviews: Critical Care in Surgical Patients with Special Reference to Trauma
Part 1: Introduction to Critical Care and Assessment of Patients by Stephan B Dreyer, Andrew J Jackson, Jacob S Dreyer The Ptolemy Project, December 2011 9 pp. 103 kB: http://www.ptolemy.ca/members/current/Critical%20Care/Critical%20Care%20in %20Surgical%20Patients.pdf This is the first in a proposed series of review articles on Critical Care in Surgery, with special reference to critical care in major trauma. Further articles will follow an ABCD approach and airway management, chest trauma, post-operative hypoxia, shock, other topics related to circulation, causes of disability such as head injuries, spinal injuries and sepsis, and finally important adjuncts such as patient safety in critical care, communication skills and pain management. ***
Development of medical device policies

by Adriana Velazquez-Berumen, Yadin David, Paul Rogers et al. World Health Organization, December 2011 45 pp. 3.0 MB: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241501637_eng.pdf Health technologies are essential for a functioning health system. Medical devices in particular are crucial in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of illness and disease, as well as patient rehabilitation. This document, part of the technical series on medical devices, will present a picture of current global and national health trends, and the different components of the policies, strategies, action plans, and indicators that are related to every stage of medical devices innovation, regulation, assessment, management, safe use, and decommissioning.
ELECTRONIC RESOURCES
HIV-related Services Atlas
http://www.aidsmap.com/e-atlas The e-atlas contains the most comprehensive listing of HIV-related services across the world. It contains contact details for over 2500 key organisations spanning 189 countries. Listed agencies deliver a wide range of services including treatment, testing, counselling, palliative care, support, advocacy and prevention services. ***
The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, Vol. 5, No. 12: December 2011
The Journal has just published its latest issue at: http://www.jidc.org/index.php/journal/issue/current You are invited to read the Table of Contents and the web site to see articles and items of interest and download them for free. ***
Health and Human Rights Vol. 13, No. 2 (2011)

Free online at: http://hhrjournal.org/index.php/hhr/issue/view/19 This issue reports on diverse rights violations and injustices among marginalized populations around the globe - from prisoner-patients to labour migrants to those without potable water. ***
INTERESTING WEB SITES

The Cash Learning Partnership
http://www.cashlearning.org/ There is a growing recognition in the humanitarian sector that in an emergency, cash transfers and vouchers can be appropriate and effective tools to support populations affected by disasters in a way that maintains dignity and choice for beneficiaries while stimulating local economies and markets. The Cash Learning Partnership aims to improve the quality of emergency cash transfer and voucher programming across the humanitarian sector. ***
Health Systems Evidence

McMaster Health Forum, December, 2011 http://www.mcmasterhealthforum.org/healthsystemsevidence-en Health Systems Evidence is a valuable resource for policymakers, stakeholders and researchers seeking to address todays most pressing health challenges. It provides answers on questions about how to strengthen or reform health systems, or how to get cost-effective programs, services and drugs to those who need them. The redeveloped website offers numerous enhancements, including new open search and advanced search functionalities, and is available in seven languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish.
TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES
E-learning course: Basics of Health Economics
Duration and course load: 5 Weeks - 8 to 10 hours per week Dates: January 18 - February 2, 2012 Application deadline: December 28, 2011(applications after the deadline will not be accepted) Participants: (Health) Professionals Course fee: US$ 500 Organizers: The World Bank Institute Language: English only General course contact: Jo Hindriks at jhindriks@worldbank.org http://einstitute.worldbank.org/ei/course/basics-health-economics ***
Certificate in Essentials of Humanitarian Practice

13th - 17th February, 2012 RedR, London, United Kingdom Course Content: Motivations and expectations in relief work, the humanitarian context: a background to emergencies, humanitarianism, international relief system (selection). Target Audience: People from all professional backgrounds and disciplines. HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 31
Language: English Fees: GBP 380 to GBP 500 For more information contact: Tel.: +44-20-784-06000 mailto:training@redr.org or see: http://www.redr.org.uk/en/Training/find-a-training-course.cfm/url/EHPFEB12 For more courses and conferences see also: www.goinginternational.eu/en/online-datenbank/ ***
Appropriate Technology in Health Services

Time and duration: November 2012, one week (full time) Medical Mission Institute, Wrzburg, Germany The overall objective of this course is to gain knowledge in the concept and use of appropriate technologies in health services. Participants will be able to assess specific requirements and conclude upon the findings appropriately. Language: English Prerequisites: Students who are enrolled in Master program accredited by TropEd; Medical or nonmedical specialists who want to work in health services in low resource settings. Registration Deadline: 15 October 2012 Contact Information: Medical Mission Institute Ms. Andrea Rogers Hermann-Schell-Str. 7 97074 Wrzburg, Germany Tel.: +49-931-8048-528 Fax: +49-931-8048-525 Email: andrea.rogers@medmissio.de For detailed course information see: http://english.medmissio.de/seiten/veranstaltungen/index.html
CONFERENCES
Prince Mahidol Award Conference 2012
Moving towards Universal Health Coverage: Health Financing Matters 24 - 28 January, Bangkok, Thailand It is well recognized that functional health system requires equitable, efficient and sustainable health financing which ensures access and utilization of essential health services without financial barrier and people are protected from financial catastrophe or impoverishment due to illnesses. This is the goal of health financing system aiming at universal health coverage (UHC). One objective of the conference is to position the universal health coverage in the global and national develop agendas. HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 32
For more information about the conference see: http://www.pmaconference.mahidol.ac.th/ ***
Joint Meeting of German Society for Tropical Medicine and International Health (DTG) and German Society for Parasitology (DGP)
15-17 March 2012, Neue Universitt, Lecture Hall, Heidelberg, Germany Tropical Medicine & Global Health Debate (Ilona Kickbusch, David Warell) For further information see the web site: http://www.dgp-dtg-2012-heidelberg.de/ ***
Global Forum for Health Research 2012

24-26 April 2012, Cape Town, South Africa Beyond Aid Research and Innovation as key drivers for Health, Equity and Development Forum 2012 is the beginning of an exciting new series of the well-known and respected Global Forum for Health Research meetings. Under the above theme COHRED and the Global Forum for Health Research will focus on potentials, solutions, and developing capacities - specifically in low- and middle-income countries and emerging economies and how global collaboration can leverage this for a new era of global development support. For more information see: http://www.forum2012.org/
CARTOON
TIPS & TRICKS

A quick Search Shortcut in Windows
Hold down the Windows key and press F, and up pops your search box!
***
Multitasking with Apple iOS on your iPod touch, iPhone, or iPad

Did you know that iOS allows for application multitasking? Just like you switch between programmes on your computer, you can switch between applications on your iDevice. To multitask, quickly double press the Home button. Here you can view all of the apps which you recently opened. For example, if you are reading the news, and would like to send a message, simply click the Messages app. Your news app will freeze, and Messages will open. If you would like to return back to the news, simply double tap Home, and select the news. Your news app will open exactly as you left it. Wishing you a peaceful festive season and a Happy 2012, Dieter Neuvians MD
---------Fair Use: This Newsletter is produced under the principles of 'fair use'. We source relevant news articles, resources and research documents and strive to attribute sources by providing reference and/or direct links to authors and websites. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this newsletter, do not necessarily represent those of GIZ or the editor of HESP-News & Notes. While we make every effort to ensure that all facts and figures quoted by authors are accurate, GIZ and the editor of the Newsletter cannot be held responsible for any inaccuracies contained in any articles. Please contact dneuvians@gmx.de if you believe that errors are contained in any article and we will investigate and provide feedback.

Health, Education, Social Protection News &amp; Notes 26/2011

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Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 26/2011

A bi-weekly newsletter supported by GIZ (Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Internationale Zusammenarbeit)

Table of Contents: BOOKS ................................................................................ 4

ONLINE PUBLICATIONS .................................................... 5

HIV - AIDS - STI ........................................................................................................... 6

Sexual & Reproductive Health ................................................................................... 10

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 1

Maternal & Child Health ............................................................................................. 12

Other Infectious Diseases .......................................................................................... 18

Social Protection ........................................................................................................ 20

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene ...................................................................................... 23

Health Systems & Research ...................................................................................... 23

Information & Communication Technology ................................................................ 25

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 2

Harm Reduction and Drug Use .................................................................................. 27

Millennium Development Goals.................................................................................. 27

ELECTRONIC RESOURCES ............................................ 30

INTERESTING WEB SITES .............................................. 31

CARTOON ......................................................................... 33 TIPS & TRICKS ................................................................. 34

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 3

World Migration Report 2011: Communicating Effectively about Migration

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 4

Why we need a Commission on Global Governance for Health

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 5

Climate Change and Health: Policy Priorities and Perspectives

Health is Global: an outcomes framework for global health 2011-15

HIV - AIDS - STI UNAIDS Data Tables 2011

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 6

Pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention: how to predict success

Preventing HIV among sex workers in sub-Saharan Africa: A literature review

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 8

Gender-Based Violence and HIV

Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 10

Social Franchising: reaching the underserved

Microfinance and Womens Health: What Do We Know?

Anaemia in low-income and middle-income countries

Guideline: Intermittent iron and folic acid supplementation in menstruating women

Use of cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

Eliminating Health Inequities: Every Woman and Every Child Counts

information, and greater gender equality. ***

Progress in Child Well-being - Building on what works

Taking Care of a Baby at Home After Birth: What Families Need to Do

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 15

Malaria World Malaria Report 2011

Primaquine in vivax malaria: an update and review on management issues

What Research Is Needed to Stop TB? Introducing the TB Research Movement

Onchocerciasis in the Americas: from arrival to (near) elimination

Examining the Relationship between Urogenital Schistosomiasis and HIV Infection

Southern Med Review - Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2011

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 19

Building Resilient Safety Nets

Ready or Not? Emergency Cash Transfers at Scale

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 21

Exit Doors, Productive Inclusion and Extreme Poverty Eradication in Brazil

Social Policies in Seychelles

Global Food Stamps: An Idea Worth Considering?

Water, Sanitation & Hygiene Valuing Water, Valuing Livelihoods

HESP-News & Notes - 26/2011 - page 23

Epidemiological methods in diarrhoea studies - an update

ICT for Disaster Risk Management

Stop Violence Against Girls in School

Harm Reduction and Drug Use Making Cities Smoke-free

Development Assistance Busan Partnership for Effective Development Co-Operation

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 26/2011

Health, Education, Social Protection News & Notes 26/2011