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Introduction Metal Cutting Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
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In metal cutting on a machine tool, relative motion b/w cutting tool and job changes the size and shape of the workpiece Due to the interaction between workpiece and cutting tool, material is removed in the form of shaving or swarf commonly known as chip On the basis of tool orientation, cutting operation can be classified into two Orthogonal cutting Oblique cutting
A. Rizwan
A. Rizwan
Body having teeth or cutting edges on it e.g. lathe, shaper, planner & boring tool
Metal Cutting Single point cutting tool has only one cutting edge Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
Multi-point cutting tool has a number of teeth or cutting edges on its periphery e.g. milling cutter, drill, reamer and broach
A typical geometry of single point cutting tool comprises of nose, rake face, flank, heel and shank
Introduction
[(a) Solid type of single point cutting tool (b) Tipped type single point cutting tool (c) Index able insert type single point cutting tool]
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Angle between the face of the tool and a line parallel with base of the tool measured in a perpendicular plane through the side cutting edge Helps to remove chips away from the work piece
Side View
Side View
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[http://www.mmsonline.com/cdn/cms/Fig.%204%20-%20Chip%20formation.gif]
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Side rake angle Provides clearance between work piece and tool so as to prevent the rubbing of work- piece with end flake of tool
End View
Metal Cutting Angle by which the face of tool is inclined side ways. Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
End View
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End relief angle the cutting edge and a line perpendicular to the base of the tool, measured at right angles to the flank
Metal Cutting Angle between the portion of the end flank immediately below Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
Side View
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Side relief angle the side edge and a line perpendicular to the base of the tool measured at right angles to the side
Metal Cutting Angle between the portion of the side flank immediately below Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
End View
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End cutting edge angle to the shank of the tool Provides clearance between tool cutting edge and work piece
Top View Top View
Metal Cutting Angle between the end cutting edge and a line perpendicular Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
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Side cutting edge angle the side of the shank. It is also known as lead angle Responsible for turning the chip away from the finished surface
Top View Top View
Metal Cutting Angle between straight cutting edge on the side of tool and Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
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Introduction
[Nose Radius]
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The seven elements that comprise the signature are, Tool signature 0-7-6-8-15-16-0.8 1. Back rake angle (0) 2. Side rake angle (7) 3. End relief angle (6) 4. Side relief angle (8) 5. End cutting edge angle (15) 6. Side cutting edge angle (16) 7. Nose radius (0.8 mm)
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[Forces acting on a cutting tool in two-dimensional cutting. Note that the resultant force, R, must be colinear to balance the forces.]
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[Schematic illustration of cutting with an oblique tool. (b) Top view showing the inclination angle, i. (c) Types of chips produced with different inclination]
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Continuous Chip Formation A good surface finish is generally produced Not always desirable, particularly get tangled around the tool Need to be remove during the cutting operation
Metal Cutting Usually formed at high rake angles and/or high cutting speeds Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
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[Continuous Chip Formation. Secondary shear zone Source: After M. C. Shaw, P. K. Wright, and S. Kalpakjian.]
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the tool. Unstable and therefore breaks BUE material is carried away on the tool side of the chip Rest is deposited randomly on the workpiece surface. Results in poor surface finish Reduced by increasing the rake angle & therefore decreasing the depth of cut
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Built Up Edges
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Segmented or Serrated Chips Low thermal conductivity and strength metals exhibit this behavior
Metal Cutting Semi continuous chips with zones of low and high shear strain Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
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Discontinuous loosely attached to each other These chips occur when machining hard brittle materials such as cast iron. Brittle failure takes place along the shear plane before any tangible plastic flow occurs Discontinuous chips will form in brittle materials at low rake angles (large depths of cut).
Metal Cutting Discontinuous chips consist of segments that may be firmly or Lathe Machine Drilling Machine Milling Machine Shaper
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Discontinuous
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