Introduo ao SPSS

Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1. Conhecendo o SPSS

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

1.2 - Barra de Ferramentas
1.3 Menus
1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados
1.5 Salvando Bases de Dados

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

Nome do Arquivo
Variveis

Casos
Base
Visualizador de Dados e Variveis

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

Menus
Barra de Ferramentas
Seleo e valor
Barra de Status

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1.1 - Telas Iniciais

Name: nome da varivel

Type: Numeric, String
Width: tamanho das observaes
Decimals: casas decimais
Labels: descrio do name

Values: descrio dos valores

Missing: valores perdidos
Columns: tamanho das colunas
Align: alinhamento
Measure: nominal, ordinal, escalar

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1.2 Barra de Ferramentas

Abrir
Salvar
Imprimir
Comandos Recentes
Retornar
Seguir
Localizar observaes
Localizar Variveis
Variveis

Localizar e Substituir
Inserir observaes
Inserir variveis
Split files: separar a base
Weight cases: peso
Select cases: seleciona a base
Value labels: descrio dos valores
Conjunto de variveis
Todas as variveis

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1.3 - Menus
File: new (data, syntax, output,
script), open, close, save,
save as, Read text data...

Data: identify duplicate cases,

sort, split file, select cases,
weight cases

Edit : cut, copy, paste, clear,

find, replace, insert, go

Tranform: compute, recode,

count values

View: status bar, toolbars,

fonts, value labels, data,
variables

Analyze: descriptives
(frequencies, descriptives,
crosstabs)

Help: topics, tutorial, case studies

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

O SPSS pode abrir base em diferentes

formatos

SPSS (. Sav), Excel (.xls), Text (.txt ou .dat) Stata (.dta)

Na maioria das vezes, utiliza-se sintaxes de

INPUT
Pode-se abrir as bases de dados de diferentes
maneiras

Menus: File -> Open -> Data

Barra de Ferramental:
Sintaxes de INPUTS

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Introduo ao SPSS Aplicao aos Microdados Educacionais

1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

Exemplo 1: base accidents.sav
File -> Open -> Data =>
...Arquivos de programas\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav

File -> New ->Syntax=>

GET FILE='C:\Arquivos de programas\
\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav'.

Exemplo 2: base CENSOESC_2006.txt

File -> Open -> Syntax =>
...\Microdados do Censo Escolar 2006\
\INPUTS_SAS_SPSS\INPUT_SPSS_CENSOESC2006.sps

OBs.: substitua o endereo.

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1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

Sintaxe de INPUTS
FILE HANDLE CENSOESC_2006 NAME = 'C:\Documents and Settings\
\Microdados do Censo Escolar 2006\
\DADOS\CENSOESC_2006\CENSOESC_2006.TXT'
/MODE = CHARACTER /LRECL=43742.
DATA LIST FIXED
FILE = CENSOESC_2006
/MASCARA
1-8
ANO
9-13
CODMUNIC
14-25 (F2)
UF
26-75
(A)
SIGLA
76-77 (A)
MUNIC
78-127 (A)
DEP
128-137(A)
...
EXECUTE.

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1.4 Abrindo Bases de Dados

Exemplo 3: base spaece_qprof_04l.txt
File -> Open -> Data =>
SPAECE\SPAECE 04\spaece04_qprof\ base
spaece_qprof_04l.txt

Text import wizard

Delimited / Fixed width
Names at the top
Delimiters between variables
(tab, comma, space, semicolon, others)
Data format

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1.5 Salvando Base de Dados

O SPSS pode salvar a base em diferentes

formatos

SPSS (. Sav), Excel (.xls), Text (.txt ou .dat), Stata

(.dta)

Pode-se salvar as bases de dados de

diferentes maneiras

Menus: File -> Save ou Save as

Barra de Ferramental:
Sintaxes (KEEP, DROP)

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1.5 Salvando Base de Dados

Exemplo 1

SAVE OUTFILE='C:\Arquivos de programas

\SPSSInc\SPSS16\Samples\accidents.sav'
/COMPRESSED.

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2. Principais Comandos
2.1 Organizando a Base
identify duplicate cases, sort, split file, select cases,
weight cases, clear, insert, rename, label, merge

2.2 Modificando a Base

Compute (IF), recode

2.3 Tabelas Descritivas

frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs

2.4 Principais Comandos

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2.1 Organizando a Base

Identify duplicate cases: identifica os dados repetidos,

criando uma nova varivel, e ordena os dados.

Exemplo: Data -> Identify duplicate cases

Define matching cases

Sort within matching groups

Sort: ordena ascendentemente ou descendentemente os

dados.

Exemplo: Data -> Sort

Sort by
Sort order

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2.1 Organizando a Base

Split file: cria um filtro para reorganizar a base de dados, no deixando

nenhuma das partes inacessveis.
Exemplo: Data -> Split file

Compare Groups
Organize output by group

Select cases: cria um filtro para separar provisria ou definitivamente a

base de dados, tornando alguma das partes inacessveis.
Exemplo: Data -> Select cases
If condition is satisfied
Random sample

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2.1 Organizando a Base

Operadores Relacionais
EQ or =

Equal to

NE or ~= or = or <>

Not equal to

LT or <

Less than

LE or <=

Less than or equal to

GT or >

Greater than

GE or >=

Greater than or equal to

Operadores Lgicos
AND or &

Both relations must be true

OR or |

Either relation can be true

NOT

Reverses the outcome of an

expression

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2.1 Organizando a Base

Weight cases: atribui uma varivel que serve de peso para uma
amostra.
Exemplo: Data -> Weight cases

Clear: deleta colunas (variveis) ou linhas (casos).

Data view -> Boto direito.

Insert: insere colunas ou linhas.

Data view -> Boto direito.
Rename e Variables Label: substitui o nome e o label das variveis.
Variable view.
Values Label: insere informaes sobre as observaes.
Variable view.

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2.1 Organizando a Base

Merge: junta duas ou mais bases de dados,

adicionando casos ou variveis.

Exemplo: Data -> Merge Files -> Add Cases

Add Variable

As variveis de identificao devem estar ordenadas em

ambas os arquivos.
No pode haver identificao duplicada quando se adiciona
casos.
No pode haver identificao duplicada na base ativa.
Determine o arquivo que tem a identificao chave.

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2.2 Modificando a Base

Compute: cria novas variveis utilizando funes ou

operadores.

Example: Tranformations -> Compute

Target Variable
Numeric expression
IF

Exerccio
Elejam as 5 mais importantes funes dos grupos e apresente
um exemplo:
Arithimetic; Missing Values; Statistical; String.

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2.2 Modificando a Base

Arithimetic

1 2 3 4 5 -

Missing Values

1 2 3 4 5 -

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2.2 Modificando a Base

Statistical

1 2 3 4 5 -

String

1 2 3 4 5 -

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2.2 Modificando a Base

Recode: modifica ou cria uma nova varivel.

Exemplo: Tranformation -> Recode into Same Variable

Recode into Different Variable

Output Variable (Name, Label)

IF

SYSMIS (.)
MISSING ( )
ELSE
Thru -> through
Lowest (LO), Highest (HI)
Copy

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2.3 Tabelas Descritivas

Frequencies: apresenta as freqncias das variveis e

vrias estatsticas descritivas.

Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics -> Frequencies...

Statistics

Charts

N (Valid, Missing)

Skewness

Mean

Kurtosis

Std. Error of Mean

Range

Median

Minimum

Mode

Maximum

Std. Deviation

Sum

Variance

Percentiles

None
Bar Charts
Pie Charts
Histogram

Exerccio
Definam todas as estatsticas e os tipos de grficos.

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2.3 Tabelas Descritivas

Descriptives: apresenta estatsticas descritivas das

variveis.

Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics ->

Descriptives...

Save standardized value as variable

Options
Mean

Skewness

Sum

Kurtosis

Std. Deviation

Range

Variance

Minimum

S. E. Mean

Maximum

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2.3 Tabelas Descritivas

Crosstabs: gera tabelas com dados cruzados de duas ou mais variveis e

algumas estatsticas da relao entre as variveis.

Exemplo: Analyze -> Descriptive statistics -> Crosstabs...

Rows
Columns
Layer 1 to 1
Statistics

Chi-squared
Correlation

Cells

Counts (Observed, Expected)

Pecentages (Rows, Columns, Total)

Exerccio
Definam as estatsticas Chi-squared e Correlation.

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2.4 Principais Comandos

Principais Comandos do SPSS
Comandos

Traduo

Significado

Sintaxe

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

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3. Elaborando Sintaxes
3.1 Pontos principais
3.2 Comandos
sort, split file, select cases, weight cases,
merge, rename, compute (IF), recode

3.3 Tabelas Descritivas

frequencies, descriptives, crosstabs

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3.1 Pontos principais

Os comandos em uma sintaxe so instrues que devem seguir

certas regras. As principais so:
O asterisco ( * ) serve para fazer anotaes ou tornar
inoperante uma linha da programao;
O ponto final ( . ) determina o fim da linha de comando;
Os comando, subcomandos e funes so representados por
letras maisculas (LABEL VARIABLES);
Os elementos representados em letra minscula devem ser
inseridos (varlist);
Os elementos em negritos so defauts;
Parenteses ( ( ) ), apostrofos ( ) e aspas ( ) so
requerimentos para executar a sintaxe;
Elementos entre chaves ( { } ) indicam alternativas;
Elementos entre colchetes ( [ ] ) so especificaes opcionais;
As abreviaes so bvias (varname, varlist).

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3.2 Comandos

Sort: ordena ascendentemente ou

descendentemente os dados.

SORT CASES [BY] varlist[({A})] [varlist...]

{D}

Exemplo:

SORT CASES BY gender(A) accid(A).

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3.2 Comandos

Split file: cria um filtro para reorganizar a base de dados,

no deixando nenhuma das partes inacessveis.

SPLIT FILE {OFF } [{LAYERED }] {BY varlist}

{SEPARATE}

Exemplo

SPLIT FILE LAYERED BY gender.

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3.2 Comandos

Select cases: cria um filtro para separar provisria ou

definitivamente a base de dados, tornando alguma
das partes inacessveis.

SELECT IF [(]logical expression[)]

Exemplo
USE ALL.
COMPUTE filter_$=(gender = 1 & agecat > 1).
VARIABLE LABEL filter_$ 'gender = 1 & agecat > 1 (FILTER)'.
VALUE LABELS filter_$ 0 'Not Selected' 1 'Selected'.
FORMAT filter_$ (f1.0).
FILTER BY filter_$.
EXECUTE.

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3.2 Comandos
Operadores Relacionais
EQ or =

Equal to

NE or ~= or = or <>

Not equal to

LT or <

Less than

LE or <=

Less than or equal to

GT or >

Greater than

GE or >=

Greater than or equal to

Operadores Lgicos
AND or &

Both relations must be true

OR or |

Either relation can be true

NOT

Reverses the outcome of an

expression

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3.2 Modificando a Base

Compute: cria novas variveis utilizando

funes ou operadores.
COMPUTE target variable=expression

Exemplo

IF (agecat <= 2) taxa=accid / pop.

EXECUTE.

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3.2 Modificando a Base

Recode: modifica ou cria uma nova varivel.

RECODE varlist (value list=value)...(value list=value) [INTO varlist]

Exemplo

RECODE agecat (1 2=1) (ELSE=0) INTO menor.

VARIABLE LABELS menor 'Menor de 25'.
VALUE LABELS menor 1 menor 0 caso contrrio.
EXECUTE.

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3.3 Tabelas Descritivas

Frequencies: apresenta as frequncia das variveis

e vrias estatsticas descritivas.

Sintaxe

FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=varlist [varlist...]

[/NTILES=n]
[/PERCENTILES=value list]
[/STATISTICS=[DEFAULT] [MEAN] [STDDEV] [MINIMUM]
[MAXIMUM]
[SEMEAN] [VARIANCE] [RANGE] [MODE] [MEDIAN] [SUM] [ALL]
[NONE]] [/ORDER=[{ANALYSIS}] [{VARIABLE}]

Exemplo

FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=agecat gender accid pop

/NTILES=4
/STATISTICS=STDDEV VARIANCE RANGE MINIMUM MAXIMUM
SEMEAN
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.

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3.3 Tabelas Descritivas

Descriptives: apresenta estatsticas descritivas das

variveis.
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES= varname[(zname)] [varname...]
[/STATISTICS=[DEFAULT**] [MEAN**] [MIN**] [SKEWNESS]]
[STDDEV** ] [SEMEAN] [MAX**] [KURTOSIS] [VARIANCE ] [SUM ]
[RANGE] [ALL]

Exemplo
DESCRIPTIVES VARIABLES=gender accid pop
/STATISTICS=MEAN STDDEV MIN MAX.

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3.3 Tabelas Descritivas

Crosstabs: gera tabelas com dados cruzados de duas ou mais

variveis e algumas estatsticas da relao entre as variveis.
CROSSTABS [TABLES=]varlist BY varlist [BY...] [/varlist...]
[/CELLS=[{COUNT**}] [ROW ] [EXPECTED [COLUMN]
[TOTAL ]
[/STATISTICS=[CHISQ] [CC]

Exemplo

CROSSTABS
/TABLES=gender BY pop BY agecat
/FORMAT=AVALUE TABLES
/STATISTICS=CHISQ CORR
/CELLS=COUNT TOTAL
/COUNT ROUND CELL.

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4. Bases de dados
4.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

PNAD
Censo Escolar
Prova Brasil
SAEB
- SPAECE

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4.__ Base ________________

Arquivos dos Microdados

Nome do Arquivo

Nvel

Tamanho

Formato

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4.__ Base ________________

Arquivos de IMPUT

Nome do Arquivo

Nvel

Formato

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4.__ Base ________________

Variveis Identificadoras e Pesos

Nome do Arquivo

Nvel

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4.__ Base ________________

Principais Variveis

Nome

Descrio

Nvel

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4.__ Base ________________

Principais Variveis
Descrio
Nome

Nvel

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4.__ Base ________________

Tabela Descritiva

Edies
Amostra
Populao
Estratos
Percentuais

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Exerccio Final

Faa uma apresentao sobre uma das

bases com 5 tabelas e indicadores que achar
mais importante.
Tente aplicar o maior nmero de comandos.
Crie uma Sintaxe.

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Principais Comandos do SPSS

Comando

Traduo

Descrio

Sintaxe

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

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