Link Budget Design with Pathloss 4.

LINK BUDGET DESIGN WITH PATHLOSS 4.0

Jonnathan Romero Nov 2006

Link Budget Design with Pathloss 4.0 INTRODUCTION The following document has been created to establish standards on design criteria for Point to Point radiolink system PDH and SDH with the software PATHLOSS 4.0, module Worksheet. This method will be used as an initial guideline. It can be modify according to the designer experience. Recommendations from International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to use: Unavailability and Outage Calculation according to ITU-R: 530-7. The SDH and PDH links will be defined as Long Haul y Short Haul respectively in the National Portion (ITU-T G-826) STEP 1: Verify that you are using the same Datum that your maps and/or GPS; i.e. Datum WGS84. You can find it at Configure > Geographic Default

STEP 2: Input the coordinates in the Summary Module. Its recommended to put the operation frequency. Here, it also can be input the antenna heights, if they are known. STEP 3: Go to Terrain Data Module. Input the terrain data. This data can be taken from cartographical or digital maps. Note: This is useful for evaluating terrain type according to 530-7 classification: Plain, Hills or Mountains. STEP 4: Set the antenna heights directly in the Summary Module or using the Antenna Heights Module. It is necessary to set if it is a space diversity link or not. This can be done clicking at Configure > Antenna Configuration:

Link Budget Design with Pathloss 4.0 Without Space Div

With Space Div

STEP 5: WORKSHEET MODULE In this module is highly recommended to have a procedure for filling up the values. Here is presented a small routine: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. Channels (Optional) Radios Main Antennas Waveguides (Main) Branching and Circulators Loss (Main) Diversity Antennas Waveguides (Diversity) Branching and Circulators Loss (Diversity) Menu: Operations > Reliability Methods Menu: Operations > Diversity Calculation Menu: Operations > Options Rain Path/Terrain Description Menu: Report >Full Report

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Link Budget Design with Pathloss 4.0 A. Channels (Optional) If you put channel frequencies, the program can calculate frequency spacing when you have frequency diversity, and calculate frequency improvement. Also, for advance users, its necessary for interference calculation. B. Radios Radios must be chosen with: Use 10-3 Parameters. Its necessary that the radio data comes with Signature information. C. Main Antennas. Use the normal selection procedure D. Waveguide (Main) Use the normal selection procedure. Its necessary to take in account the antenna height, the distance shelter-tower, distance inside the shelter, distance from the vertical ladder to the antenna position. E. Branching and Circulators Loss (Main) Some databases include these values in the Power Output and the Receive Threshold. If this is happens, the Tx and Rx levels are obtained in the waveguide port (C-C). The fade margin would be the same if we consider B-B or C-C (with all losses) F. Diversity Antenna Same procedure done for Main Antennas G. Waveguide (Diversity) Same procedure done for Main Antennas waveguides H. Branching and Circulator Loss (Diversity) Same procedure done for Main. Remember that this value can be different from Main. It depends of the type of radio. For example: In a 1+1 HSB the asymmetrical splitter separate 1.5dB for Main and 3.5dB for Space or protection. I. Menu: Operations > Reliability Methods

Link Budget Design with Pathloss 4.0

Reliability Method: ITU-R P.530-7/8. This will calculate the Flat Fading Margin accordingly to this recommendation Calculation Method: Select ITU-G.821 for only to obtain: Worst Month SES and Unavailability for a 10-3 Fade margin. Note: This is for SDH and PDH. This option set the calculation accordingly to Rec ITU-R P. 530-7. Regional Standards: ITU-R P.530 strict equipment signature. Type: SDH or PDH. This doesnt affect the calculation is only for information Treat multipath as: SES only. Time percentages: Select 0.0001%. J. Menu: Operations > Diversity Calculation

Link Budget Design with Pathloss 4.0 Space Diversity Operation: Select Baseband Switching if the diversity radio doesnt have IF combiner. This value this value should be in the radio data file. If Pathloss can not find it, it set a value of 2.6dB for the diversity Improvement factor on the radio with combiner. Frequency Diversity: This value can be calculated with the frequency channel automatically. Its recommended to put here the worst case: Adjacent channel distance. If the radio comes Co-channel (XPIC functionality) this value is zero. Maximum Diversity Improvement: Leave empty. K. Menu: Operations > Options Assign a water vapour value according to the country and the region (23-30 gr/m3). A typical value for coastal region or islands is 30 gr/m3. This value does not affect to much the calculation (0.05 dB some cases). L. Rain Method: ITU-R P.530-7/8. Select 110 mm/hr Polarization: This value determinate the polarization used for the calculation. Changing this value does not affect the polarization of the channel assignment. If the link has vertical and horizontal channels its recommended to set this value to Horizontal. If the link works in horizontal, it will do it in vertical. M. Terrain Data In the first screen, Path Profile Data, only modify Diffraction Loss value, if it exists. Select in this window menu: Geo Clim. A new form will appear as follows:

Latitude, Longitude: These values are calculated automatically with the link coordinates. Path Classification: Its Surveyor responsibility to determine the path classification according to the profile and antenna height (above sea level). It will be Plain, Hills or

Link Budget Design with Pathloss 4.0 Mountains as per Rec. 530-7 definition. The interval heights (0-400m, 400-700m, >700m) must be selected. This is not automatically calculated. Probability dN/dh < -100 Nunits / km (%): PL = 20% (Caribbean Countries). Small islands it should be considered to use 30% Use over water modifications: Select this option if this is a coastal link (see 530-7 definition). Rc (0 to 1): Indicate what is the percentage of the link that is coastal. If it is 60%, set this value to 0.6 N. Menu: Report >Full Report COMPARISON: The outage value defines the comparison criteria. In Digicel we use SDH links for Backbone and PDH for last mile links. In ITU-T G.826 they are defined as Long Haul and Short Haul. When ITU-T recommends some values to be accomplished by the operators, DIGICEL has chosen to customize the requirements. The ITU-T has changed those requirements and today they depend on the link distance and its classification. DIGICEL has kept the customized requirements, and they are as follows: I. - PDH LINK (SHORT HAUL): RAIN/MULTIPATH: Only the links over 10 GHz are considered affected by rain. The fade margin should be: For links 10GHz: Fade Margin > 30 dB For links > 10GHz: Fade Margin 35 dB For links > 13GHz: Fade Margin 39 dB All of them must have less than 0.01% of outage or unavailability (99.99% time available) II. - SDH LINK (LONG HAUL): RAIN/MULTIPATH: Only the links over 10 GHz are considered affected by rain. The fade margin should be: For links 10GHz: Fade Margin > 32 dB For links > 10GHz: Fade Margin 37 dB For links > 13GHz: Fade Margin 40 dB All of them must have less than 0.001% of outage or unavailability (99.999% time available)