Lindab PLX Sheet Line

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Application Guide
Table of Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................... 1.
1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7. 3
The Material
................................................................................................................. 5
Structural composition ......................................................................................................... 5 The coat ................................................................................................................................... 6 Weather exposure, resistance to aggressive atmosphere ................................................ 8 Color variety, color-fastness ................................................................................................. 9 Warranty, classification, useful life ................................................................................... 10 Dimensions of the coils and sheets ................................................................................... 10 Environment protection ..................................................................................................... 10
2.
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6. 2.7.
How to use PLX
........................................................................................................ 11
Storage, transport ................................................................................................................ 11 Processing equipment and tools ....................................................................................... 11 Machining temperature ...................................................................................................... 12 Joining of pieces of PLX sheet-metal ................................................................................ 13 Effects produced by thermal movement; dilatation components ............................... 14 Wind load ............................................................................................................................. 16 Fastening ............................................................................................................................... 19
3.
3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.3.1. 3.3.1.1. 3.3.1.2. 3.3.1.3. 3.3.2. 3.3.3. 3.3.4. 3.3.4.1. 3.3.4.2. 3.3.4.3.
PLX Roofing
................................................................................................................ 23
Designing principles, proposed structures ....................................................................... 23 Primary principles underlying the structural design ................................................... 26 Connection of folded PLX roofs .......................................................................................... 29 Longitudinal sheet connections ......................................................................................... 29 Sheet sizes ............................................................................................................................. 30 Sliding clips .......................................................................................................................... 30 Upright clips, fixed zones .................................................................................................. 31 Transversal sheet connections ............................................................................................ 32 Roof pitch values, sealing materials ................................................................................. 34 PLX roofing joint points ..................................................................................................... 35 Hanging gutter .................................................................................................................... 35 Eaves gutter........................................................................................................................... 38 Parapet gutter ...................................................................................................................... 41
3.3.4.4. 3.3.4.5. 3.3.4.6. 3.3.4.7. 3.3.4.8. 3.3.4.9. 3.3.4.10. 3.3.4.11. 3.3.4.12. 3.3.4.13. 3.3.4.14. 3.5. 3.6. 3.7. 3.8. 3.9. 3.10. 3.11. 3.12.
Eaves sheets .......................................................................................................................... 47 Ridge fold ...............................................................................................................................49 Roof edge ...............................................................................................................................50 Ventilating ridge ...................................................................................................................52 Pent roof .................................................................................................................................56 Valley ......................................................................................................................................57 Valley gutter ..........................................................................................................................61 Upstands ................................................................................................................................62 Wall cladding ........................................................................................................................67 Wall flashings ........................................................................................................................69 Bordering of dormer and transom window .....................................................................72 Joint connections of PLX folded roofing applied to Lindab hall structures ....................74 Arched folded roofing ..........................................................................................................77 Roof safety system.................................................................................................................77 Roof cover with insert laths.................................................................................................81 Roof covers made of small elements and fish-scale components..................................83 Edging of composition roofing............................................................................................85 Edging of hard roof covers ..................................................................................................86 Lightning protection ........................................................................................................... 90
4. 5.
5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4.
PLX facade cladding
.............................................................................................93
Maintenance, repair and refurbish of PLX
.......................................101
Cleaning ................................................................................................................................101 Corrosion ..............................................................................................................................101 Repainting ............................................................................................................................102 Yearly maintenance ............................................................................................................102
Literature
Preface
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Application Guide
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Preface
The following application guide presents roofing techniques developed by Lindab Ltd., based on the use of PLX and Aluzink PLX sheets. This book provides assistance in understanding and learning the possible ways of applying folded sheet-metal roofing structures. Detailed descriptions of the key features of seam connection designs are provided to answer fundamental questions in the design and installation phase, thus contributing to the development of the best engineering solutions. Special attention is paid to the order of layers, a crucial issue in designing sheet-metal roofing structures. This book also provides sufficient information to facilitate the preparation and interpretation of budget specifications. All instructions contained herein constitute basic principles. The attached detail drawings present broadly accepted seam connection designs, but local possibilities and capabilities should always be taken in consideration. Lindab PLX a complete system Lindab offers a unique product variety for sheet-metal roofing. The well-known Swedish steel is the stock material of each system component. Our system consists of the following products: - PLX and Aluzink PLX sheet material (coils and cut-to-size sheets) - supplementary, auxiliary materials (screws, clips, backing foil) - fold sealants - perforated, venting sheets - gutter boards, snow retainers - safety systems (roof-top ladder, gangways, lightning protection) - comprehensive mechanization. The comprehensive system offered by Lindab is supplemented by a nationwide network of distributors and specialized contractors, enabling customers to get fast and comprehensible product information and order service. Lindab Ltd. offers the following services: - engineering and installation consulting, - preparation of detailed price proposals and consignment lists, - unique software for greatly simplified design specifications, - manufacture of edges of specific dimensions and designs, - preliminary folding, bending by the manufacturer, - sale, lease of folding equipment (pre-profiler, seam-folding machines, archbending machines), - sale of high quality roofing tools.
Subject to alteration
PLX Application Guide

Training
In response to the growing use of folded roofing solutions in Hungary, special courses are held to train design engineers, apprentices, tinsmiths & plumbers. Our site at Biatorbgy is the venue for such training courses. The use of sheet-metal as roofing material The use of steel sheet-metal for roofing has a long tradition. The underlying technology was developed in the 19th century. In the beginning, the paint coat was applied to the galvanized steel sheets at the building site. Today, almost all sheet-metal is prepainted, galvanized by the manufacturer. The metallographic structure of steel sheet-metal has undergone considerable improvement during the past few years. The sheets are joined by double upright folds. Sheet-metal offers numerous advantages. For industrial facilities, office buildings and apartment houses, the general appearance, fire-resistance and resistance to mechanical wear are important features, as is the long life expectancy. Roofing made with steel sheet-metal meets all these requirements. In addition, painted sheet-metal can be completely recycled, which is an important aspect in view of todays stringent environmental regulations.
The Material
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Application Guide
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1
1. The Material
We use stainless PLX and Aluzink PLX steel sheets to protect roofs with folded sheetmetal. Relying on the expertise and experience of tinsmiths and technical experts, we have developed materials of special quality that can be processed both manually and by machines. These materials feature extraordinary softness and flexibility. The brand name (Prelaq) and the date of manufacturing are printed on the back of each sheet. 1.1. Structural composition PLX TC-50 The strength of the prepainted Protecting foil TopCoat50 layer sheet can be attributed to its strucPrimer coat tural steel core whose specific Passivating layer Zinc layer yield point is approx. 180 N/mm2. Steel sheet Accordingly, the behavior of the steel sheet under different circumstances can be predicted. To ensure Epoxy-based lacquer Primer coat proper corrosion resistance, both Passivating layer sides of the steel core are coated Zinc layer Steel sheet with zinc (thickness: 20 m, speci2 fic density: 275 g/m ). To ensure proper adhesion of the paint coat, the sheets are subjected to different pretreatment processes. In the next step, a primer coat is applied to both sides of the sheet, in order to ensure resistance to corrosion and to improve adhesion of the next TopCoat layer. The plastic coat gives the final color of the sheet. Protection against damage during transport is provided by a protective foil that can (and must) be removed quickly and easily when the sheet is integrated in the roofing structure. The specific weight and thickness of the PLX sheet is 4,71 kg/m2 and 0,6 mm, respectively. Aluzink PLX When the color plays no role, uncoated sheet material may also be used. Aluzink PLX is a metal-coated sheet material, developed to produce double upright folds. After several years exposure to the effects of weather, its metallic, silvery color (with a vaguely floral pattern) assumes a grayish hue. To facilitate on-site processing, the sheet surface is pretreated with a thin polymer coat that prevents permanent adhesion of fingerprints or grease spots.
Protective layer Al-Zn alloy
Steel core
The Material
The strength of the sheet material can be attributed to the use of Swedish steel. The aluminium-zinc alloy coat applied to both sides of the core steel sheet consists of 55% aluminum, 43,4% zinc and 1,6% silicon (AZ-185). The thickness of this coat is 25 m (0.025 mm), on both sides. The specific yield point is approx. 200 N/mm2. The metallographic structure of the sheet material combines the best properties of the three components, i.e. the outstanding corrosion resistance of aluminum, the self-healing capacity of zinc and its resistance to pit corrosion, and the strength of steel. Thanks to these properties, Aluzink PLX can be used in areas classified in sensitive environment protection categories that fall within the C1 to C4 range. Therefore, these sheets can be integrated in structures used in aggressive industrial environments and in maritime navigation. 1.2. The coat PLX-TopCoat 50 The thickness of the plastic film coating applied to PLX is 50 m, i.e. nearly twice as much as that of conventional polyester coatings. The surface of the sheet material is somewhat coarse to the touch since the coating material contains hard acrylic particles whose diameter slightly exceeds the coat thickness. These tiny globules significantly improve resistance to UV radiation and prevent premature ageing. The globules are embedded in the polyester layer, thus ensuring improved protection against mechanical wear and scratching. The excellent flexibility bestowed by the primer layer prevents peeling of the paint coat along the cut edges. During any coiling process and installation work, these components act like a lubricant, making PLX steelbased sheet-metal easier to form than any conventional material coated with polyester.
0 0 1 2 3 4 Years 5 6 7 8 Industrial Environment, high SO2 content 15 Zinc coated (Z 275)
10 milling in m
5 Aluzink coated (AZ 185) 0 0 1 2 3 4 Years 5 6 7 8
Urban Environment 15
10 milling in m
Zinc coated (Z 275)
5 Aluzink coated (AZ 185)
Hard abrasion-resistant particles Poliester Flexible paint layer
Primer
Steel core
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The Material
A blue coat is applied to the lower part of the back side of the sheet, primarily to prevent damage to the paint on the coiled sheet material during transport, storage and use at the site. Before delivery, the coiled sheets are wrapped with another protective foil which can (and must) be removed when the roofing work is completed. The paint is applied to both sides of the PLX with rollers. The selection of colors is continuously being expanded and our paint systems comply with applicable environmental requirements and standards. Properties of PLX and other coated sheet materials By comparing the five major properties of the PLX TopCoat with several leading brands, we come to the following conclusions:
PLX TC 50 Plastisol Poliester PVDF 1. maintenance
5. corrosion resistance
2. color-fastness
4. abrasion resistance
3. workability
Maintenance The long useful life of PLX can be attributed to its hard and abrasion-resistant surface. From among the paint systems shown here, it requires the least maintenance effort. Color-fastness The length of time that a painted steel sheet can retain its original color and brightness depends on the type of paint and the heat resistance of the paint system. In terms of colorfastness, PVDF is the leading paint system, primarily due to the color-fastness of the paint particles it contains. Since the same paint particles are used to manufacture the polyester based paint systems, their color-fastness compares well.
The Material
Workability Workability is a specific aspect of color-fastness and demonstrates the behavior of the paint coat when hand and machine tools are used. The paint coat of sheets for machining shall not crack, peel or become scratched or chipped during the installation phases. Similarly, workability is a measure of the foldability of the sheet material or its behavior under extremely cold weather conditions. Thanks to the outstanding flexibility of polyester and the presence of hard particles in the coating, the workability of PLX matches that of plastisol coated sheets. Abrasion resistance Abrasion resistance indicates the behavior of a coating when subjected to mechanical effects. Due to the presence of the hard and scratch proof globules in the PLX paint coat, PLX out performs (in terms of abrasion resistance) any sheet with conventional polyester or PVDF coatings. The excellent abrasion resistance also contributes to the long product life. Corrosion resistance Corrosion resistance is a measure of how well the different coatings on the sheet material protect the steel core. The PLX coating system, the fruit of long development efforts and experience, is a 50 m thick, flexible and hard coating that provides excellent protection. This is thanks to the careful selection of each component layer in the TC-50 coating, as well as the way in which they are combined. 1.3. Weather exposure, resistance to aggressive atmosphere
When installing PLX and Aluzink PLX sheets, the ambient pH-value should not be less than 3 or more than 9. The sheet material should not come in direct contact with brass or copper. If installed on a concrete surface, the concrete should be completely set. Accumulation of stagnant water in recesses puddles should be avoided.
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The Material
1.4. Color variety, color-fastness
PLX sheets are available in a constantly growing range of colors, currently consisting of 16 different shades, plus Aluzink PLX. Careful market research precedes the introduction of any new color or shade. There are no technical restraints on the introduction of new colors, but statistics show that each country accepts approx. 15 dominant colors. These standard colors can vary widely from country to country. The color-fastness and heat resistance (these two properties are interrelated) of coated sheets depend on the quality of the paint system. Paint systems used for PLX sheets are among the most advanced on the market, with a color-fastness in excess of 100 C.
Aluzink
RAL 7035
RAL 9010
RAL 7011
RAL 9055
light gray
022
white
001
dark gray
087
black
015
RAL 9006
RAL 6003
RAL 3009
RAL 8017
RAL 5009
RAL 7038
silver
045
dark green
874
dark claret
758
brown
434
navy blue
558
dove-gray
461
RAL 9007
RAL 8003
RAL 6021
RAL 8004
RAL 1017
RAL 5024
anthracite gray
044
copper
777
verdigris
975
brick-red
742
ochre
189
light blue
502
The upper colors are information colors can deviate from the real ones.
If the coating should lose its brightness, it can be repainted.
The Material
1.5. Warranty, classification, useful life Lindab Ltd. warrants the adequacy of the material in its PLX and Aluzink PLX sheets for 15 years. PLX and Aluzink PLX sheets and system components have been granted permits for use from MI (the Hungarian Building Industry Quality Control Institute). The most important applicable European standards: PLX EN 10143 Alucink PLX EN 10215 Our quality assurance system has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001, 9002 and 14001 standards. The useful life of a sheet can be assessed in two respects: aesthetics and functionality. In terms of aesthetic value, PLX sheets have a useful life of 15-25 years. However, this period can be extended by proper, professional maintenance. Discoloration and fading signal the approaching end of a products aesthetic life. In terms of functionality, the useful life ends when the sheet material is no longer capable of protecting the structure underneath. Assuming that the building is completed in accordance with the relevant instructions and regulations, and that the roof is regularly inspected and maintained, the useful life of PLX sheets is equal to that of the building. Comparing useful lifetime of aluzink and ordinary zinc: Environmental Class country urban industrial navy 1.6. Dimensions of the coils and sheets PLX is 670 mm wide. Coils are 79 m long, and sheets are cut to 2000 mm lengths. Aluzink PLX is 610 mm wide. Coils are 79 m long, and sheets are cut to 2000 mm lengths. 1.7. Environmental protection PLX sheets are made of steel that can be recycled like any other grade of steel. Since every lot of steel contains recycled materials, steel-making processes are based, in whole or in part, on the processing of scrapped steel. Accordingly, both steel and PLX can be fully recycled. Re-melting is a crucial phase of steel production. During the re-melting phase, impurities (like metallic components and residual paint) are removed from the metal bath. During the recycling process, the paint coat of PLX sheets burns off completely, emitting only CO2 and water (i.e. substances which do not pollute the environment). The remelting process yields fresh steel that is equal in quality to original stock material.
Aluzink 200 100 40 50
Z 275 (year) 65 20 8 15
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How to use PLX
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Application Guide
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How to use PLX
2. How to use PLX

Coated steel products are widely used for roofing and wall cladding. The use of coated steel sheets for roofing is rapidly becoming well established, thanks to its attractive appearance, excellent quality and relatively low cost. Folded sheet-metal is frequently used for the roofing of industrial and municipal buildings. Thanks to its aesthetic appearance, these sheets have won growing acceptance in residential areas as well. All instructions are based on the specific properties of this material and must be strictly adhered to during the installation phase. Any divergence from such instructions can result in damage to the material and loss of product warranty. 2.1. Storage, transport The strapped coils or the sheets stacked in wooden crates are delivered in foil-wrapped bundles. The completeness and integrity of each shipment must be verified upon receipt. Any deficiency, damage or other objection must be entered in the bill of delivery. Lindab Ltd. disclaims any responsibility for damages to shipments transported by a freight company other than Lindab Ltd. Adequate unloading equipment must be provided at the building site. At the site, the wooden crates may be stacked, but only in properly aligned stacks. Improper stacking can damage the shipment. After receipt, the products must be protected from weather exposure and mechanical damage. If the crates are stored on the roof, the roof structure should not be overloaded. Products intended for long term storage should be placed in a covered area and protected from humidity and radiant heat. Permanent adverse effects caused by aggressive chemicals (acids, lime, mortar, etc.) may discolor sheet surfaces. If the presence of humidity is unavoidable, the sheets should be stored in a tilted position, providing for proper ventilation and protection by wrapping foil. Humidity or moisture between the individual sheets should be avoided to prevent impaired surface quality. 2.2. Processing equipment and tools Traditional tinsmiths tools are needed to prepare and fix PLX sheets, e.g. hammer with plastic head, gutter tongs, guillotine shears, combined sheet shears, unfolding pliers, cover sheets, angular fold closing device. Polyurethane padding of the tools reduces the risk of scratching the sheets or damaging the paint.
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How to use PLX

Various machines are available to facilitate and accelerate the preparation, machining and integration of the materials. The necessary equipment can be purchased or leased from Lindab Ltd. Preliminary folding can be done with the WM84 preprofiler. Machine powered sealing of the folded material can be completed using the WM84 seam folder.
WM84 pre-profiler
WM84 seam folder
In the case of sheets for arched roofs of special design, our arch-bending machines should be used to achieve proper folding. Accurate setting and regular maintenance and care of the equipment assures proper operation. Each machine and equipment should be operated in strict accordance with the respective operating manuals.
Arch-bending machine
2.3 Working temperature The PLX and Aluzink PLX sheets should not be folded or shaped below 5C when folding is done by machine, or +5C in case of manual folding. The difference is due to the fact that manual hitting results in abrupt shock deformation which is not tolerated well by cold sheet material. Machine powered folding, however, is much slower, with less mechanical shock. If stored outdoors overnight, the temperature of the sheet material may remain well below the ambient air temperature in the morning. Installers should therefore check that the sheet material is above the minimum temperature before use, warming the material by some external heat source if necessary.
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How to use PLX

2.4 Joining of pieces of PLX sheet-metal PLX sheet metal can be joined by: - overlapping - folding - inserting a lath The joining method depends on the architectural specifications, the building and installation conditions (roof, wall, pitch, etc.) and the applied materials. Building engineers should consider every relevant aspect carefully. Overlapping Field of application: - edge components of facade cladding, high-pitched roofs and upstand cladding, extension of elements used for roofing reinforced with lath inserts.
Folding Field of application: - connection of sheet metal cladding components applied to roof and facade surfaces - collars surrounding upstands and superstructure footing on shallow pitched roofs - connection of elements of bends, valley and attic gutters.
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How to use PLX

Bending When working with PLX sheet metal, folding is the most common source of stress. Thanks to its outstanding structural properties, PLX meets even the most stringent requirements. When sheets are folded 180 at specified temperatures: no crack may develop in the plastic coating, exposing the underlying sheet material no crack in the sheet material or chipping/peeling of the coating may arise if the bent Aluzink PLX sheet is also subjected to lateral bending. Soldering plastic coated PLX sheet metal can be soldered only after removing the plastic coat. Non compliance can result in reduced sheet quality and the loss of the manufacturers guarantee. the Aluzink PLX sheet is not able to be soldered. 2.5. Effects of thermal movement, dilatation components Any PLX sheet metal roofing should be designed and installed to allow for the thermal expansion or contraction of the structure, without compromising its water impermeability. The degree of such thermal movement can be calculated using the following formula: L = Lo T , where = 0,000012 is the dilatation co-efficient of the PLX sheet. From among the materials used for sheet metal roofing, PLX has the lowest dilatation coefficient (in fact, only 50% of the expansion of zinc alloy sheets). Owing to the considerable temperature fluctuations which roofs are exposed to, this is an extremely important physical property. According to the general rules valid in Hungary, sheet-metal roofing structures must be dimensioned to tolerate extreme temperatures ranging between -20C to +80C. The extent of thermal movement should be determined relative to these limiting values, as a function of the designed installation temperature. If the installation temperature is 15C, then 65C and 35C respectively should be taken into account in terms of thermal expansion and contraction. In view of the above, the structural components of any PLX sheet metal roofing and the joint connections must be designed with utmost care. The absence of proper dilatation elements may result in failure of the folded joints, thereby leading to roof leakage and / or impaired aesthetic properties.
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How to use PLX

Engineering solutions that ensure unobstructed absorption of thermal expansion and contraction are described in chapters 3 and 4 of this booklet, including details about: clamping techniques transversal joining of sheets longitudinal joining of sheets dilatation steps details of gable, eaves, ridge roofing superstructures and upstands.
min. 300
dilatation gap
= dilatation gap D = length of dilatation joint
Dilatation joint designs
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How to use PLX

2.6 Wind load Each roof is exposed to the suction effects of wind. The suction force measured along the external edges of the roof and in the end zones exceeds the force experienced at other roof surfaces by a factor of 2 to 3. The expected wind load of any specific building is determined by its height, shape and geographic location. The following gable and pent roof designs show the biggest wind loads ever experienced. In case of arched roofs, the greater value should be taken into account. In respect to the various roof zones, the dimensional suction force can be calculated as follows: qd = 1,3 qk where: (kN/m2), qd = degree of suction effect = shape coefficient qk = wind load (kN/m2) Based on the calculated value of the suction effect, the F pull-out force makes an impact on the clips: Ft = qd Cclip Cfold where: (kN), Cclip = distance between clips, along the folding line Cfold = distance between the individual folds
The pitch of the gable roof: > 5
x = the smaller value from 1 or 2h y = the smaller value from b or 2h

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How to use PLX

The pitch of the gable roof: > 5
x = the smaller value from 1 or 2h y = the smaller value from b or 2h
b/8
Wind load gable on the roof.
1 < b/8 < 2
b/8
The following table shows the maximum suction force generated by the wind on roof surfaces, as a function of the roof pitch and the height of the building: Roof pitch Height of eaves (meters) 08 8 20 20 - 100 08 8 20 20 - 100 Suction force of wind (N/m2) at the corners at the edges intermediate surfaces 1600 2560 3520 900 1440 1980 900 1440 1980 550 880 1210 300 480 660 300 480 660
0 - 25
25 35
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How to use PLX
As a function of the height of the eaves, the maximum wind load arising on the surface of facade cladding changes as follows: Height of eaves (meters) 08 8 - 20 20 - 100 at the corners 1250 2000 2750 Suction force of wind (N/m2) at the edges 750 1200 1650 internal surfaces 500 800 1100
Failure of an improperly fastened sheet-metal roof, caused by the suction force of wind
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How to use PLX

2.7 Fastening The elements of PLX sheet metal roofing are fastened to the substrate by clips.
techniques used for fastening sheet metal edges
Fastening by clips protects the sheet metal roof from the suction force of wind but allows for unobstructed thermal movement. Both fixed and sliding clips are used. The selection of type and quantity of the clips shall always be based on the materials used and the installation circumstances. Clips may be made of: dip galvanized steel sheet, or stainless steel sheet. The distance between the clips should be: as specified in Section 2.6, but max. 450 mm if nailed max. 600 mm if screwed max. 500 mm if riveted. Due to the increased stress, separate calculations should be made for the corners and edges of the roof and for places where roofing safety elements are installed. Be sure to use clips whose resistance to suction or tearing exceeds the suction force of the wind, i.e.: Ft < Rd where: Ft = tensile force acting on the clips
Techniques for fastening upright folds
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How to use PLX
Clips may be fastened with 2.8 x 25 mm roughened nails or 4.0 x 25 mm countersunk (wood) screws, made of the same material as the clips. At least 2 fasteners per clip should be used. Screws made of high grade steel should primarily be used at or around the corners and edges of the roof. For roofing or wall cladding of buildings higher than 20 meters: Board thickness (mm) 19 23 25 Rd (suction force) (kN) 0,69 0,87 0,96
If fastened to corrugated sheets, the clips should be fixed with self tapping screws or pop rivets. If fastened to mineral wool sheets, a special technique is needed which greatly differs from the previous solutions. The washers designed to fix the clips rest on the load bearing substrate via spacing dowels; the substrate can be made of reinforced concrete or can be a ceiling boarding made of galvanized steel corrugated sheet.
self-cutting screw
spacing dowel made of plastic
fastening of sheet metal roofing to a ceiling boarding made of heat insulated corrugated sheet
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How to use PLX

Fastening of folded PLX sheet-metal with clips (corrosion resistance classification: C2 to C4) Substrate: metal Application Type of clip Bonding unit
Upright clip
Installation, maintaining an intermediate space. Hard mineral wool, boarding etc, max. 20 mm
Sliding clip Self tapping screw Penetrating clip
Installation, maintaining an intermediate space. Insulated version.
Tail-in clip
Substrate: wood Application Type of clip Bonding unit
Upright clip
Sliding clip
Installation: directly on to the substrate.
Wood screw Penetrating clip
Installation, maintaining an intermediate space. Insulated version.
Tail-in clip
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PLX roofing
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Application Guide
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PLX roofing
3. PLX roofing
PLX is basically suitable for covering shallow- or high pitched roofs if the latter are particularly exposed to unfavorable weather conditions. Shallow pitched roof, pitch: High pitched roof, pitch: Minimum pitch for PLX sheet metal roofs: 7 - 25 more than 25 5 .
If continuous strips are used and no large upstand or snow trap imposes additional risk and the precipitation is discharged via external gutters, then the pitch may be as shallow as 3 provided that appropriate technical solutions are applied. However, this is considered a special design approach and the manufacturer must be consulted about installation. In terms of water impermeability, PLX sheet metal roofs can be classified as follows: Impervious roofs (roofs consisting of large and small components, e.g. tiled roofing, mirror panels): The roof shell is built over a well vented air-space and its pitch ensures that, under normal circumstances, no precipitation penetrates any space between the roof sections, which consist of large and small components. Any moisture entering under extraordinary circumstances (snowdrift, driving rain) evaporates in the vented space without causing any damage. - Roofs of improved impermeability (e.g. folded roofing, lath inserts): The roof shell is built over a well vented air-space and, thanks to the efficient sealing of the roofing elements, precipitation can penetrate only under special conditions and in negligible quantities, evaporating in the vented space without causing any damage. 3.1. Designing principles, proposed structures From the point of view of building physics, a PLX sheet metal roof must, in general, be designed as a double shell cold roof which consists of the following major structural elements (from top to bottom): PLX sheet metal baseboards vented air space vapor and heat insulation load-bearing structure.
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PLX roofing
Primary principles underlying the structural design: 1) Efficient air-circulation below the roof should be ensured by creating a ventilated air-space of a height that is inversely proportional to the pitch of the roof. Proper care should be paid to ensure intensive ventilation at and in the vicinity of upstands, hip ends and dormer windows. Mesh of the built-in insect screen: 45 to 55 %, d = 5 to 8 mm mesh size. Field of application Roofs with 3- 5 pitch Small roof surfaces Dormer-window, covered cornice and wall surfaces Roofs with 5- 20 pitch Roofs with pitch above 20 Vertical surfaces Arched surfaces, cupolas/domes Space for inward/outward ventilation (cm) Clearance of air space (cm)
4 4 3 2 4
5 - 20 10 5 2 6 cm or length of rafter/100
principle of roof structure ventilation
inward ventilation through perforated sheet
inward ventilation through interspaced boards
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PLX roofing
ventilation adjusted to different eaves designs
The linear solution is preferred for the design of vent holes needed for inward and outward ventilation, and efforts should be made to ensure the maximum level difference between the eaves and the ridge. 2) Materials with deformation resistance and dimensional accuracy should be used to build a thermal insulation layer capable of maintaining the prescribed thermal insulation values at each point of the roof or wall surface. Special attention should be paid to developing proper designs (free from thermal bridges) at and in the vicinity of penetrated roof and surface sections and corners. The vapor-tight sheet at the lower end of the heat insulation serves as a barrier to keep out its moisture. Only well designed and perfect insulation barriers can prevent condensation of vapor inside the structure. 3) According to a former Hungarian standard, a separation layer must be inserted between the sheet metal roof and the baseboards. The corresponding Swedish norm stipulates the use of sanded bituminous sheets. The German and French regulations prohibit or restrict the insertion of any separation layer. In connection with the integration of the separation layer, the Roofing Guidelines issued by MSZ introduced the following allowances: a bituminous sheet can be used during the building phase as a temporary protective layer but must be removed during the course of the installation. if the pitch exceeds 10, the separation layer may be omitted, provided that the PLX roof rests on well-ventilated base-boarding; in the case of shallow-pitched roofs (3-5) a secondary draining layer made of aeration pad should be used.
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PLX roofing
whenever the base-boarding consists of impervious wooden base-boarding (e.g. OSB hardboard), a separation layer of sanded bituminous sheet must be used.
4) The secondary draining layer can be integrated by introducing: a bottom sheet containing a drain layer, located at the upper plane of the baseboard (aeration pad) a breathing foil (featuring extremely high vapor permeation) laid above the upper plane of the thermal insulation. 3.2. Orders of layers In addition to the orders of layers designed according to the above principles (see section drawings I to III), we present a special approach (see section drawing IV) to demonstrate the application of PLX sheet metal on a single shell warm roof. Order of layers of heat insulated double shell cold roof covered by PLX sheets
I. 600 600 1 3 10 2 5 6 7 8 9 II. 600 600 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 PLX sheet metal Separation layer (acc. to item 3 of Section 3.1.) Base-boarding Air space Rafter Thermal insulation Vapor barrier Lathing Plasterboard Brander Light beam Corrugated sheet Hard mineral wool Tread-resistant thermal insulation Base-boarding III. 600 600 1 2 3 10 4 11 6 7 12
Order of layers of heat insulated single shell warm roof covered by PLX sheets
1 13 IV. 14 1 13 14
1 13 12 15 2 12
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PLX roofing
Small pitched PLX roof separated layer by aeriation pad
Base-boarding The base-boarding of the PLX sheet metal roof should be firmly supported and fastened in a way that absorbs: volume changes resulting from drying of and moisture absorption by the material, snow load, wind pressure and payload defined in the respective Hungarian standard (MSZ 15021). At the same time, it should allow for circumstances (pitch, dilatation, ventilation, roof structures, upstands, eaves, valleys, etc.) needed for the professional installation of the final cover. The base-boarding may consist of the following materials: boarding building sheets corrugated sheet. a.) Baseboard The material used for this purpose should meet the following requirements: treated with fire-retardant and fungicidal chemicals max. moisture content: 30% timber: 2nd class softwood, minimum thickness 24 mm, width: 80 to 140 mm, sharp cornered. Each board is fixed to the rafters by 2 nails, with the core strip facing downwards (the convex surface faces the cover layer) and leaving 1 to 3 mm spacing. Thanks to the excellent mechanical properties of PLX, an interspaced boarding pattern (leaving max. 8 to 10 mm wide gaps) can be used in proportion to the increasing pitch of the roof (i.e. if it exceeds 10).
27
PLX roofing
Following the drying of the raw timber (still wet when built in the roof structure), the draw-out value of the nails used to fix the clips shall decrease, as shown below:
Baseboard moisture content at the time of installation 15 - 20 % 20 - 30 % > 30 %
Decrease of draw-out value following the baseboard drying (at 12% moisture content) Negligible 35 - 40 % > 50 %
b.) Building boards The minimum thickness of wooden building boards used as base-boarding is 22 mm. The maximum panel size is 2,5 meters. The boards must be laid according to the Dutch bond pattern but allowing sufficient gaps for jointing. If this method is used, proper natural ventilation must be assured and a separation layer must be inserted. Commercially available chipboard and wallboard materials are not suitable for use with sheet metal covered roof structures. In Hungary, OSB-3 bass-mat hardboard is widely used. Boards must be fixed by nails or screws with a 15 and 30 cm spacing pattern at the end and interim supporting points respectively. The minimum distance between such points and the edge of the board should be 10 mm. The maximum rafter spacing (specified in cm) can be chosen from the following table, depending on the actual load and the thickness of the OSB-3 bass-mat hardboard. Permitted rafter spacing (in cm), assuming the use of OSB bass-mat hardboard Load (kg/m2) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Board thickness (mm) 22 104 91 83 77 72 68 66 25 118 103 94 87 82 78 74
c.) Sheet metals This option may be chosen to meet particularly strict fire protection requirements or to develop roofing of lightweight construction. Material: dimensionally stable, galvanized, corrugated steel sheet manufactured by Lindab (LVP 20, LVP45, LVP 85 or LVP 100). The clips for the PLX sheet metal roof can be fastened directly to the trapezoidal sheet, using selftapping screws or draw rivets. The shell structure installed between the ribs is efficiently ventilated. No separation layer needs be inserted between the sheet metal basement and the PLX cover.
28
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PLX roofing
3.3. Connection of folded PLX roofs Folded systems are the most frequently used of the available Lindab PLX sheet metal roof designs. Essentially, precut sheet strips are connected to each other at the site, lengthwise and crosswise. 3.3.1. Longitudinal sheet connections
50 x4 ma
3
ma x6 00
PLX roof covering
Pre-profiling equipment is used to convert PLX sheet metal into beaded sheet strips. Preshaping can be done either in the factory or at the site. The properly profiled sheet strips ensure absorption of lateral thermal movement. Following the matching of the sheet strips, special tongs or folding machines can be used to produce the following types of cover:
cross-sectional layout of a pre-profiled bead

4 5 12 10
25
Max. 600 2 4 3 1
1 base-boarding
2 clip
3 separation layer (see item 3 of Section 3.1.)
4 PLX sheet metal
5 sealant (folding oil, gel, sealing strip)
schematic diagram of cross-section of PLX folded roof
System of right-angle upright fold Due to its particularly jointed surface, this type of folding is primarily applied on visible roof structures with a pitch exceeding 25. System of double upright fold Its use is recommended in case of roofs with a pitch below 25. Sealing strips are used in the following cases: roof edges also exposed to cooling from beneath, near snow traps, near the eaves and valleys, in case of extremely shallow-pitched roofs (3-7)
right-angle upright fold
double upright fold
10
29
PLX roofing
3.3.1.1 Sheet sizes The maximum length of any single PLX sheet strip is 15 meters. When a sheet strip is longer than this is needed to cover a roof, additional engineering solutions should be suggested to absorb the tension generated by dilatation, e.g. use of extended sliding clips and the increase of the size of dilatation gaps. In addition, the length of prefabricated sheet strips is essentially determined by the technical sophistication of the equipment available at the site, the location of the preprofiler (in a plant or at the building site), the local circumstances, the building height, the pitch of the roof and its structural complexity. 3.3.1.2. Sliding clips Sliding clips give the sheet strips unobstructed thermal movement longitudinally, while providing safe fastening that resists the suction force of wind. For roof covers made of PLX sheet strips, the longer the sheet metal is, the greater the importance of allowing for such unobstructed movement. The sheet strips must be fixed in a way that ensures unobstructed thermal movement along the eaves and the ridge. Therefore, sliding clips must be used if the length of the sheet strips exceeds 5 meters.
Lindab sliding clip
Conventional clips
Extra sliding clip
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PLX roofing
The number of clips fastened on the baseboards can be determined as a function of the building height: Height of eaves (m) 0-8 8 - 20 20 - 50 Roof area Intermediate edge Intermediate edge Intermediate edge Clips/m2 4 4 5 6 6 8 Max. spacing (cm) 33 33 33 33 33 25
3.3.1.3. Upright clips, fixed zones Upright clips fix the sheet strips to the baseboards in a way that prevents their displacement parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the roof. The length of PLX sheet strips fixed by upright clips should not exceed 5 meters.
Conventional fixed clips
Lindab fixed clip
fixed zone (fixed clip), approx. 2 meters
The number of upright clips must be determined with due regard to the expected load on the roof, the pitch and the possibility to absorb the thermal expansion of the sheet strips between the ridge and the eaves. The upright clips should be placed within 1 to 2 meter wide strips, or fixed zones, which location is illustrated by this figure.
L/3
L/4
<10
1018
1830
30
placement of fixed clips, as a function of the roof pitch

31
PLX roofing
3.3.2. Transversal sheet connections Simple overlapping: permitted only in case of steep roofs > 80.
Simple flat fold: can be used for roofs with a pitch exceeding 25. In order to provide protection against driftback via capillary attraction, the sheet strips are folded back asymmetrically.
unnotched cross-folding
notched cross-folding
types of cross-folding
Simple flat fold with retention strip: can be applied to surfaces with a pitch exceeding 10. The minimum width of the retention strip should be 100 mm and a distance of min. 250 mm should be left between its lower edge and the upper edge of the sheet. The retention strip is fastened using water-impermeable rivets.
Cross-folding with riveted retainer
If the pitch of the roof is less than 10, transversal connections of increased impermeability are needed: slope step double flat fold.
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PLX roofing
Slope step
perforated brim
3
tiered design of the baseboard, between 3 and 7
Min. 1000
movement clearance Min. 200
minimum inclination 1:16
1 4 3
1 2 3 4 5
baseboard separation layer retention flange wood screw PLX sheet-metal roof
Double flat folds can be used without sealing above 7. Above 5, a suitable sealant should be inserted (durable sealing strip capable of resisting temperature changes). A limiting factor is that the slope step does not allow for the longitudinal thermal movement of the matching sheet strips. It is therefore recommended only if incorporated in fixed sheet strips or if sectios shorter than 5 meters are matched. This approach is used primarily in case of boarded covers and upstands.
upright fold, upper
Min. 50 movement clearance
above 7, fixed to the baseboard by a wedge
upright fold, lower
cross-folds
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PLX roofing
3.3.3. Roof pitch rates, sealing materials Roof pitch >3 Permitted technology Double upright fold + second dewatering layer Strip cover without overlapping Double upright fold Double flat fold Strip overlapping with slope steps Double upright fold Double flat fold Wedge supported slope step insert Double upright fold Single flat fold, with riveted retention flange Double upright fold Single flat fold, with riveted retention flange Rectangular upright fold Single flat fold Double upright fold Single flat fold Double upright fold Single upright fold or overlapping Sealant TBA TBA TBA RUNOTEX Remarks minimum pitch of folded roofing Strip length: max. 5 m Step height: min. 6 cm
>5
>7
Step height min. 6 cm RUNOTEX
>10
ABRATEX 80
>15 >25 >45 >80
ABRATEX 80
Min. angle of folded cover Overlapping: min 30 mm
Facade cladding
Sealants used in the Lindab PLX sheet metal roofing system: Marking TBA ABRATEX 80 Description Fold sealing strip Folding oil Main properties Self-adhesive, 3 x 10 mm Non-soluble, long life, can be used between 10 and 70 C Good adhesion, long life, colorless, can be painted, contains solvent deterimental to health Packaging 100 m/roll 5 liters per container
RUNOTEX gel
Butyl rubber based
0,3 l per cartridge
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PLX roofing
3.3.4. PLX roofing joint points 3.3.4.1 Hanging gutter Hanging gutters need not be dimensioned since their parameters are predetermined by the cross section of the downpipes. The dimensions can be found in the dimensional tables. The angle is determined by the spacing of the downpipes but should be at least 3 to 5 %. The expected life of the eaves gutters is determined by the selection of the suitable size, adherence to the prescribed spacing of the gutter brackets and the use of a roof safety system. Further relevant detailed information can be found in the application technology guides issued with the LindabRainline and LindabProtectline systems.
8 6 1
Min. 200
movement clearance
10 high point 3 low point
1 baseboard 2 gutter holder/bracket 3 wood screw 4 eaves gutter 5 eaves flashing 6 separation layer 7 retention flange 8 PLX sheet metal
7 2 4
100
Extended width: 285 mm
3 0
profile of retention flange

~50-80
35
PLX roofing
Retention flange The principal difference between an eaves gutter designed for structures of sheet metal strips and one designed for conventional roofing structures is the need to allow for longitudinal thermal movement in the case of the former. This is why we use a min. 30 mm wide collar with a protruding flange (see figure below). The end of each strip is folded back to fix it to this flange. To allow for the greater thermal expansion of longer sheet strips, the width of this flange must be increased to allow expansion without causing the folded strip ends to unhook. A min. 10 cm wide section of the eaves flashing should abut and should be fixed at 20 cm intervals by nails arranged in a zigzag pattern. If the roof pitch is less than 7, the eaves lath should be countersunk into the end of the rafters in a way that ensures that the top of the lath remains 5 mm below the upper plane of the base boarding. Then the end of the upright folds can be closed or turned down, as shown in the figures below.
45
35
25
35 45
45
35
~3
5
50 25
Designs for the end of upright folds (use of templates)

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PLX roofing
Downpipes Downpipes are one of the most crucial structural components in any roof drainage system. Proper dimensioning can ensure safe removal of the precipitation falling on the roof. The prevailing stormwater load (specified in liters/sec) can be calculated as follows: Q= Y x F x q where: Y = 1.0 Y = 0.8 if the roof pitch is < 15 if the roof pitch is > 15 [l/s]
F = the horizontal projection of the water catchment area (m2) l q = prevailing stormwater load (in Hungary, 0,03 ) s m2 Dimensioning and the selection of the elements are done according to the following table: Volume of precipitation ( l/s ) 2,6 4,7 7,6 13,8 Diameter of downpipe (mm) 87 100 120 150 Extended width of eaves gutter (mm) 250 333 400 500 Diameter of eaves gutter (mm) 125 150 190
In Hungary, the most commonly specified downpipe size is 100 and 120 mm. Bigger sizes are primarily used to service large halls/workshops. The downpipe sizes compare to the projected area of the roofs as follows: Diameter of downpipe (mm) 87 100 120 150 Projection area (m2) <15 91 164 266 482 >15 114 205 333 602 Extended width of hanging eaves gutter (mm) 250 333 400 500
The above data apply to funneled connecting branches. The projected surface area of connecting branches without funnels must be reduced by 30%. In cases where offsetting is used instead of a gooseneck, the projected surface areas shown in the table must be reduced by 30%. The number of eaves gutters should be increased if water is collected and drained from a projected area larger than 300 m2. Downpipes are held in place by built-in pipe clamps spaced 200 mm apart.
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PLX roofing
connecting branch of round gutter connecting branch of rectangular gutter
Diameter D/d 100/75 100/87 125/75 125/87 125/100 150/87 150/100 150/111 150/120 190/100 190/120 3.3.4.2. Eaves gutters
A (mm) 151 151 174 174 174 207 207 207 207 180 206
H (mm) 56 48 67 59 50 82 73 66 60 62 62
Diameter D/d 136/87 136/100 136/111
A (mm) 165 165 165
H (mm) 95 85 75
Drain
Diameter d 87 100 111 120
The choice of eaves gutters is based on the downpipes. If the eaves gutter sizes are properly matched with the downpipe sizes in the table, no dimensioning is required since their angle and the rules of installation are standardized. 5
4
Round eaves gutters Pitch of roof > 45 > 25 > 20 > 15 Round eaves gutter, extended section (cm) 50 67 80 00
Ew
:5
cm
25 : 67 Ew cm
Ew:
80 c
20
Ew: 1
00 cm
15
Calculation of the dimension of round eaves gutters, as a function of the roof pitch
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PLX roofing
Rectangular eaves gutters Extended width (cm) 40 50 60 Cross-section (cm2) 56 86 142
3
45
30
cm
.5 Ew
24
Ew .
0c
40
20 60 Ew. cm
34
44
12 12 0 12
Calculation of the dimension of rectangular eaves gutters, as a function of the roof pitch
Details regarding application of rectangular eaves gutters

11
ce ran lea tc en vem mo
100 n. Mi
Roof pitch > 30
7
450 n. Mi
high point 6 low point
10
smallest inclination 1:75
3 8
150
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
baseboard separation layer retention flange wood screw PLX sheet metal sealing strip gutter holder/bracket clamping screw PLX drain clip PLX cover, with upright folds
2 4
Eaves gutters are connected to the lower edge line of the PLX sheet strip cover via a dilatation flat fold which gives the sheet strips unobstructed thermal movement.
39
PLX roofing
Details regarding application of rectangular eaves gutters 15 < pitch < 30
1000 min. 100 min.
3
50 Min. 1
high point low point
nation smallest incli
1:16
450 Min.
dilatation step
see below
A staggered dilatation model should be used in this range of roof pitch, following the rules that specify the difference between the level of the gutter flange, the barge board facing and the lower flange plane of the PLX roof. Eaves gutters connect to the downpipes directly via a connecting branch or a catch-water drain. In the first case, the respective prevailing stormwater load values must be increased by 30%. The angle of the gutter is determined by the spacing of the downpipes but it should be at least 3%. The spacing of gutter brackets is determined by the spacing of the folds of the barge board facing (60 cm). Gutter bracket alignment must be adjusted before installing the eaves gutters. The external edge of the channel should lie 5-6 cm below the plane of the rear fold-back (measured in vertical direction). The gutter brackets need not be countersunk, but the level difference of the gaps must be offset, using e.g. aeration pad. The eaves gutter must be protected by snow-trap systems from any potential damage caused by snow or ice. Eaves gutters should not be used for shallow pitched roofs, below 15.
1
124
80 4 65,5 195,5 25 6
spout
eaves gutter bracket

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PLX roofing
3.3.4.3. Parapet gutter The choice of parapet gutters is based on the downpipes. If the gutter sizes are properly matched with the downpipe sizes in the table, no dimensioning is required since their angle and the rules of installation are standardized. Rules governing the installation of rectangular PLX parapet gutters: Dilatation spacing: < 8 meters. If possible, funnel type connection branches should be installed upstream of the downpipes; otherwise the prevailing stormwater load values shown in the dimensioning table must be increased by 30%. The inclination of the channel is determined by the spacing of the downpipes, but should be at least 5%. The external seam of the parapet gutter should be bent outwards to prevent any subsequent (highly probable) penetration of rainwater. If the external seam of the parapet gutter is bent inwards, a spillway must be inserted in each space between two downpipes. The external seam of the parapet gutter should lie 5-6 cm (measured in vertical plane) below the level of the internal seam. For inner parapets, shed and valley gutters, the number of downpipes must be doubled, and a double wall safety channel must be provided.
outside parapet gutter

41
PLX roofing
The outer shell of the safety channel should be located at least 2 cm above the upper edge of the inner channel. The horizontal size should be at least 15 cm. If possible, the inner channel should always be drained inside the building and provided with heating. Each gutter section should be provided with a gulley protected by two leaf baskets. The inner element of the safety channels can be mounted on to Inside parapet gutter with safety channel the (semicircular) gutter brackets or on the (rectangular) baseboard or on the carpet backing laid on the bottom element. The minimum gutter bracket spacing is 60 cm (for baseboards min. 80 cm). Parapet gutters must be protected from sliding snow and ice by a properly designed snow catching system.
Design of the end-sheet of the parapet gutter

42
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PLX roofing
Ventilation of the roof structure should be designed to let the air layer pass through the lower half of the parapet gutter.
Ventilation of roof structure with parapet gutter

43
PLX roofing
parapet gutter 100 sheet metal
clip
sheet metal R = 25
B 375 drain pipe 1 H H B F cca 10
22
30
I. cut-pattern and operation steps of installation of a parapet gutter corner (Finnish fold)
44
H
F
LindabCoverline PLX
PLX roofing
II. cut-pattern and operational steps of installation of a parapet gutter corner (curved fold)
45
PLX roofing
D
3
d
50
Steps of installation of a funneled drain pipe branch
6
5
Folded drain pipe connection
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PLX roofing
3.3.4.4. Eaves sheet The height (h1) of the upturned section of PLX sheet strips joining to eaves sheets should be determined with due regard to the roof pitch, the building height and other local circumstances. If a retention flange or lath is used, the upturn need not be higher than 40 to 60 mm.
h1
h2
> 25 (47%)
Building height (m) <8 8-20 >20 h1
Dimension of eaves sheet h2 min. 50 min. 80 min.100
Distance between the water drip and the facade (mm) 20-30 30-40 40-50
40- 60 40- 60 60-100
The eaves sheets should be designed to allow for longitudinal thermal movement of the connecting sheet strips but provide the strength needed to resist increased wind load along the edge of the roof.
47
PLX roofing
The eaves sheet elements can be lengthened by using simple upright or flat folds, maximum 2 meters apart. Eaves sheet profiles may offer opportunities for a wide variety of roof contour designs.
types of eaves sheet designs for PLX sheet metal roofing
48
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PLX roofing
Arch gable Arch gables can be covered with PLX sheet strips by using segments of fold spacing perpendicular to the tangent of the arch. The size of the segments depends on the radius of the arch, the building height and the thickness of the sheet used for this purpose. The elements should be prefabricated in a workshop, in accordance with the architects spacing plan. The elements should be mounted according to the pattern previously plotted onto the baseboard. After fastening the central piece at the apex of the arch, the other elements to be fixed by hidden retaining should be mounted on both sides alternately.
3
hidden extension
3.3.4.5. Ridge fold The height of the ridge fold (H = 40 x ) should be determined using the formula or the table below, in accordance with the extent of movement experienced with sheet strips of different length. H extent of movement height (mm) (mm) 5 89 8 113 11 132 14 150
H 3
Ridge fold
Min. 5 1 2 1 baseboard 2 separation layer (see Item 3 of Section 3.1) 3 PLX folded sheet metal roofing
49
PLX roofing
3.3.4.6. Roof edge Along the lines of roofs with upstands covered by PLX sheet strips, any solutions must provide appropriate weather protection, yet allow unobstructed thermal movement of the sheet material. The minimum height of the edge joints can be determined using the formula applicable to the ridge fold. After the folds are bent down, we can choose from three methods:
Ridge with upright folding
Ridge with lath insert covered with double waterdrip cladding
Beaded edge-arresting element
50
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PLX roofing
Mansard roofs represent a special category since the roof edge must be closed and kept watertight along the intersection line created by a low-pitched roof plane and a steep section of the roof. In addition, the seam connection must ensure proper ventilation of the roof section.
intersection line of a steep and a shallow-pitched section of the roof
intersection line of a steep and a shallow-pitched section (loft) of the roof
51
PLX roofing
3.3.4.7. Ventilating ridge A ventilating ridge is an indispensable component of roofs covered with PLX sheet strips. The ventilating ridge permits linear ventilation of the roof structure through properly sized vent holes. A protective net prevents insects and snow from entering.
1
Key components:
1 Skeleton 2 Footing 3 Cover 4 Insect net
2 3 4
Schematic drawing of the ventilating ridge design
There are three methods for finishing the footing: the upright folds for connecting the sheet strips can be bent down and then turned up to the footing, the upright folds for connecting the sheet strips can be bent down and then connected to the footing collar, using a double sealed flat fold, by taking up the upright fold cover, using the so called crease or bootcrease. The height of the footing shall be equal to: = 10 cm, if the roof pitch is > 25 = 6 cm, if the roof pitch is > 25 (only in case of broad ridge cover!) = 15 cm, if the roof pitch is < 25. 52
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PLX roofing
1. Bottom boarding
(a gap for the upper vent is left open)
2. Right side cover

(extended according to the length needed for turning up and folding back)
3. Left side cover

(right side bent down cover is folded back)
4. Support structure of the vent hole

(cover folded up and fixed at both sides, upright boarding fixed; insect net put in place and fixed)
5. Upper boarding
(the boarding slopes to one or two directions; fasteners placed below the bent up cover, by 5 cm, at the least)
6. Covered ventilating ridge
Steps for mounting a ventilating ridge

53
PLX roofing
Options for closing the ridge vent at the ends

54
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PLX roofing
One sided ridge vent
Flat ridge vent
Special ridge vents
55
PLX roofing
3.3.4.8. Pent roof In general, the design details of a pent roof covered by PLX sheet strips are identical with those of joint connections employed in case of the pitched roofs. The upper roof edge can be shaped using techniques mentioned in the case of eaves sheets, but care should be taken to ensure proper venting of the roof structure and dilatation of the sheet strips.
venting of the high point section of a pent roof
56
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PLX roofing
3.3.4.9. Valley The valley gutters of roofs covered with PLX sheet strips can be shaped using the following methods: fold spacing made of sheet strips, valley gutter or valley sheet (using single or double folding), lath inserts with covered edges. Valley with drawn fold spacing
Valley gutter
Lath inserts with covered edges
48
80
57
PLX roofing
Countersunk design: Recess Pitch of the valley: 5 < < 7
3
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 Baseboards Separation layer Valley Retention flange Wood screw PLX sheet metal
67 1 2 4
movement cleara nce
nce movement cleara min. 200.
Min. 375
Min. 100
Connection by double fold
7 < < 10
The connection that joins the sheet strips sideways to the valley sheet enable longitudinal thermal movement of the roof components. Double flat folds may be used to connect pieces of sheet metal up to a maximum length of 5 meters. Single flat fold, with riveted retainer 10<<25
Simple flat fold
> 25
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PLX roofing
gutter
gutter
ridge
ridge
valley
Shaping of valleys determine their inclination, length and the length of joining sheets. Valleys have to be prepared from sheet strips even where inclination is < 10. The longitudinal thermal movement of the valley should be done with decent crosswise connection.
ridge
Low pitched (> 10) valley, with single flat fold
High pitched (> 25) valley, mounted on vented roof structure
ridge
sno wg uar d
ard gu now s
59
PLX roofing
Design of a curved valley
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3.3.4.10 Recess gutter
9
movemen t clearan ce ce t clearan movemen
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
baseboard lining gutter cladding riveting, by 200 mm spacing retention flange 7 nailed joint separation layer (see Item 3 of Section 3.3) PLX folded sheet strip cover
high point 6 low point 3 3 1 Min. 375
minimal inclination 1:75
The recess gutter of folded roof covers may be of double folded or welded design. In the latter case, the gutter is fabricated of 2 mm thick stainless steel sheet. The gutters are divided into 12 meter long sections. Each section is provided with a downpipe and an overflow pipe. The overflow can be designed as shown on the drawing, connected to the nearest downpipe. In this case, the connection to the gutter should not impede the movement of the sheet.
max. 12000 mm
A-A View
5
movement clearance min. 20 mm
overflow
movement clearance min. 20 mm
A-A
4
end of downpipe end of downpipe
90
1-1 Section
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PLX roofing
3.3.4.11. Upstands The location and dimensions of upstands must be taken into consideration when the cover design (incl. sheet strips, strip length, dilatation, etc.) is drafted. The longitudinal joint connections of the PLX roof should be at least 200 mm from the edge of any upstand. The design of transversal sheet connections is based on the roof pitch: Simple hook-on flat fold Simple flat fold, with riveted fastener Double flat fold Wedged slope step Slope step > 25 > 10 >7 >7 >5
The water impermeability of the folded connections between collars around upstands (e.g. chimneys, dormer windows, air vent pipes, manholes, etc.) and the PLX roof cover is of utmost importance. The collars surrounding such upstands should allow for min. 1 cm dilatation. The collars should reach up and be fastened to the wall of the upstand at a height of min. 150 mm where the sheet metal is fixed by clips and covered by cross laths. If the size of the upstand exceeds 60 cm when measured against a plane perpendicular to the slope, an ice wedge should be placed behind it. The sheet strips can be set in a vertical A position by bending up the B bentdown double upright fold or by integrating a convoluting creased fold or notching, i.e. shaping a so called boot-crease.
minimum slope 1:10
B B-B Section
depending on the pitch (min. 120 mm)
A A-A Section
depending on the pitch (min. 150 mm)
movement clearance
movement clearance
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The windows and other roof openings should be inserted in accordance with the spacing of the sheet strips. A window flush with the plane of the roof may be built in folded roofs and in roofs reinforced with lath inserts if the sheet metal can be bent down on the collar of the window in the direction of the slope and the design of the window frame guarantees perfect diversion of any water from above. Otherwise, the window must be mounted at least 20 cm above the plane of the roof. Rectangular upstands (eg. chimneys) Width of upstand < 1000 mm In this case, no water baffle need be used and the top of the upstand may slope in either direction.
Width of upstand > 1000 mm In this case, a water baffle should be integrated and the water is diverted in two directions.
63
PLX roofing
Circular upstands
When upstand collars are folded, the collar of the conical frustum fastened to the cover sheet should not impede the thermal movement of the cover strip. Chimney collars The following technologies can be applied to fold up the collar:
1 2 3
1. convolutional creased fold 2. boot-crease 3. double upright fold
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cutting pattern of the sheet panels around chimneys
3 3 2 2
Phases of chimney bordering I.

65
PLX roofing
3
20 A 1
length
height
width height height

wid th wid th
h gt len
h gt len
Phases of chimney bordering II.

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PLX roofing
3.3.4.12. Wall cladding Double drip wall cladding fastened to the baseboard is the most frequently used type of PLX wall cladding, which must normally be mounted at a min. 5 inward pitch. The simplest way is by integration of the baseboards mounted on wedging of proper pitch.
extension methods
A A
Standard prefabricated lengths of the components: 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 meters. Up to 670 mm extended width, the elements are extended by using planar extensions, completed with hooked flat fold, topped with upright folding. The min. 5 cm vertical size of the cover flange shall increase in proportion with the building height, in accordance with the rules applicable to the design of eaves sheets. The retaining collars are made of 0,7 mm thick galvanized steel sheets, precut to max. 4 meters by the manufacturer.
AA
Details of the wall cladding process
67
PLX roofing
minimal incli nation
1:10
min. 300
Firewall cladding
parapet wall cladding, incl. two drip noses
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PLX roofing
3.3.4.13. Wall flashings According to their position on the roof, the PLX wall flashings can be:
depending on the slope angle min. 100 mm
parallel to or at an angle with the eaves, perpendicular to the eaves or angled. If the roof pitch is less than 25, the flashing should extend and be fastened at least 150 mm up the wall of any higher structure behind it. If the pitch exceeds 25 and local circumstances permit, 100 mm flashings will suffice. To ensure unobstructed thermal movement of the folded sheet strips, the bent-up flashings should not be pressed close against the wall but a min. 1 cm dilatation gap must be left. The upper brim of the folding should be a water impervious fold, fastened with clips and closed by cross laths. The cross laths may not be longer than 4 meters and shall be fastened 25 cm apart.
clearance movement
wall flashings parallel with the eaves
depending on the slope angle (min. 120 mm)
wall flashing with lath insert
wall flashings perpendicular to the eaves

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PLX roofing
Vented folded intersections of roof / wall joint connections
Bending up of the upper edge of a PLX sheet metal cover completed with upright folding
creased fold
curved fold
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PLX roofing
10 10 1
20
10
45
35
cut-pattern of upturning with creased fold
design principle and installation phases of upturning with creased fold
upturning with flat fold
design principle of upturning with curved fold
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PLX roofing
3.3.4.14. Bordering of dormer and transom windows The arrengement of dormer and transom windows is suitable to plan in accordance with the location of sheet strips. Folded and lath insert roofs are possible to install only such dormer windows of which back edge is practicable to band the sheet in slope and the shaping of the frame of dormer window render the perfect drain off of moisture. If the dormer window was not able for that it has to be taken out above the cover level with minimum 20 cm.
Dormer installation
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PLX roofing
The structure of dormer windows covered by PLX roofing should be properly ventilated. In general, the cladding superstructure is connected with the air vent of the adjacent roof surface and vented through the gap below the eaves flashing. Transversal air circulation can also be provided below the upper roof section. By opening the structure of the board frame of the window ledge, the transom and the gable, further air intake and outlet holes can be created. One possibility is to insert below the sheet cover an aeration pad that provides venting through its full cross-section.
transversal cross section of the roof structure
longitudinal cross section of the roof structure
corner of window ledge
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PLX roofing
Footing of transom window
The roof structure, which is open and vented along the line of the eaves and the slope step, is also vented on both sides of the transom window. The basic design can be installed in two ways: turned up and bent back creased folding.
Cladding of back folded footing
3.5. Joint connections of PLX folded roofing applied to Lindab hall structures
1. Light beam 2. Wooden rib, 48 x 75 mm 3. Boarding 4. Separation layer 5. PLX folded sheet-metal roof 6. Wooden rib, 48 x 100 mm 7. Perforated sheet 8. Rafting 9. OSB hardboard 4 2 3 5
Rectangular eaves gutter, concealed design
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PLX roofing
3 2 venting comb
5 4 1
Eaves
1. Light beam 2. Wooden rib, 48 x 75 mm 3. Boarding 4. Separation layer 5. PLX folded sheet-metal roof 6. Wooden rib, 48 x 100 mm 7. Perforated sheet 8. Rafting 9. Hardboard
6 5
tread-resistant thermal insulation
high profiled ceiling floor
8 closed joint connection of wall / roof interface
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PLX roofing
800
48 4
6 5
Design of roof edge
1. Light beam 2. Wooden rib, 48 x 75 mm 3. Boarding 4. Separation layer 5. PLX folded sheet metal roof 6. Wooden rib, 48 x 100 mm 7. Perforated sheet 8. Rafting
Vented connection of roof / wall / window-sill
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PLX roofing
3.6. Arched folded roofing The arch-bending machine is an ideal tool for shaping curved roof segments, vaulted and barrel vaulted roof elements. The machine bends prefolded PLX sheets of predetermined length according to a preset radius, without damaging the existing coatings. The minimum bending radius is 1500 mm. The permissible fold spacing varies between 300 and 800 mm. The machine can easily be switched from folding a straight section to folding an arch and vice versa. 3.7. Roof safety system The Lindab roof safety system is a complete system that includes protection against falling snow, as well as the possibility to walk and work safely on the roof even after completion of the roof. When components of the roof safety system are mounted on or attached to folded joints, the distance between the clips should be reduced and the folds must be sealed perfectly. Ice-flow Snow-pocket
77
PLX roofing
Main product categories Snow guards, snow boards
To protect passers by from chunks of thawing ice and snow falling down from the roof, various snow guards and snow retaining systems are installed. Hungarian regulations require public institutions and other frequented buildings to be provided with such safety measures. At present, Lindab markets two types of snow guards: - tube snow guard (single, dual, or triple tube), - snow boards. Both of the two systems are capable of preventing blocks of packed snow that pile up on the roof from slipping and falling down, thus enhancing the safety of people below. In most cases, these devices can be used in combination without compromising the roofing structure. The components of these systems are made of zinc-coated steel sheets; painted products are also available. The maximum spacing between the snow guards or snow-fences is specified in the following table (in meters): Roof angle Snowzone kN/m2 1 1,5 2 6 60 40 30 10 36 24 18 14 27 18 13 18 19 13 9 23 14 9 7 27 11 7 5 33 10 7 5 38 12 8 6 42 14 9 7 45 17 11 8 50 25 17 13 55 53 36 27
Tube snow system Fixing is without perforation the sheet. In optimal case on each seam has to have a pair of clamps which has to be fixed with screws. In these clamps are the pipes drafted (direct) or the fastening of pipeholder consoles (indirect).
HNT 5 console
Indirect
Direct
rubber support FST
LSB clamp
The direct fastened snow guard is available with one pipe while the indirect one is reachable with one, two or three pipes after demands. It is frequent to use dual snow guard system in a roof while above entrance is built with triple pipes system.
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PLX roofing
3
Arranging snow guard pipes in HNT console system. The one pipe variety is generally used as safety railing. Snow boards Comparing snow boards to cube snow systems applied higher safety. Perforated snow boards catch efficient the falling snow from the roof. Installing in folded roof is possible only with the indirect system. Design of the system is according to the principle in tube systems. Lenght size of boards: 2070 and 3060 mm. Height of boards 190 mm
HNT 5 console
Roof gangways Roof gangways are installed to ensure safe access to any part of the roof after the building is commissioned. In addition to being used by chimney sweeps, gangways can be vital emergency routes in case of fire. The gangways can be ordered with or without handrails and are fastened by FST clamping shoes and FSTB brackets.
FSTB
FST
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PLX roofing
Railings Safety railing Buildings often receive natural indoor lighting via flush-mounted dome-lights or transom windows. Snowfall, however, may cover the entire roof, hiding the transom-windows and posing a risk to anyone walking on the roof under such conditions. By installing safety railings around the transom windows, added safety is provided even in periods of heavy snowfall. To further enhance the safety of roof maintenance workers, the gangways can also be equipped with hand-rails. Safety ridge rail Clamping rings and ridge rails are mounted on low- and high-pitch roofs, respectively. Both provide enhanced safety to people working on the roof, by offering anchoring shackles to which safety ropes can be attached. The clamping rings and ridge rails must be subjected to a dynamic load test. Roof and wall ladders Safe roof work also includes safe access to the roof. The Lindab roof safety system includes ladders of all types to be affixed to the walls and roof, and meeting the most stringent requirements. The roof battens are mounted on FSTS middle brackets.
eaves gutter bracket
FSTS
FST
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PLX roofing
3.8. Roof cover with insert laths Since PLX roof covers with insert laths make an optically robust impression, this approach is often used to achieve a more attractive architectural effect for both roofs and facades. The main difference from the folded roofing system is that the sheet strips are connected indirectly, by inserting laths which allow freer thermal movement of the sheet strips. This additional freedom of movement may, however, slightly compromise the perfect imperviousness of the standard structure. The minimum pitch of lath insert type PLX roofing made of continuous sheet strips is therefore 7. The lath size is at least 40 x 40 mm, larger as needed. Laths must be properly fastened to the baseboards, in order to withstand the stress caused by suction force of the wind. A min. 3 mm wide transversal dilatation gap must be left between the bent-up edge of the sheet strips and the lath insert. The transversal connections must be made and the clips must be spaced in accordance with the guidelines for double upright folding. The plates used to cover the lath inserts can be fixed by: - simple folding of the sheet strip edges
- fastening collar
Ew.: 180 mm 80 40 10 75 38 50 24
Ew.: 150 mm
3 50 550 600
3 50
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PLX roofing
design of eaves completed with covered lath inserts
Eaves with wedge-type insert
Connection of roof/wall surfaces
Gable
>3 (5%)
>25 (47%)
Nodal connection of roofs with lath insert

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PLX roofing
3.9. Roof covers made of small elements and fish-scale components PLX sheet metal roofing made of small elements (Dutch-bonding, fish-scale arrangement). This method offers special advantages over conventional clay tile and slate roofs in terms of light weight, durability and aesthetic appearance. Field of application: work requiring special skills and expertise and to be done on roofs having a pitch of 25 or more. Dutch-bonded roofing is generally made of PLX plates of the following dimensions (mm): 333 x 333, 400 x 333, 500 x 333, 500 x 670 or 670 x 1000. The shape and size of plates needed to cover spherical, conical or toroidal roof surfaces must be determined by geometrical construction. In general, simple flatfolded connections are made by folding back a 25 to
connection of upright folding and covering made of small elements
40 mm wide section of the sheet metal. Fish-scale-patterned roofing is made of plates whose extended size varies in the range of 250 to 400 mm, folding back a 25 to 40 mm wide section of the sheet metal and cutting the individual elements to a rectangular or rhombic form. In contrast to the vertical and horizontal hooking pattern of Dutch-bonded roofing, the elements of fishscale patterned roofing are fixed by hooks arranged at angles.
Dutch-bonded roofing pattern

fish-scale roofing pattern
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PLX roofing
Fish-scale roofing pattern
Installation of a dormer window in a roof of fish-scale pattern
Connection of a folded and a fish-scaled section of the roof
Large PLX sheet panels Field of application: covering of low-pitched (min. 10) roofs and canopies. In general, large sheet roofing consists of PLX sheets cut to 1000 x 670 mm. Each is placed individually or in strips preassembled by the manufacturer. The elements are connected lengthwise by upright folding, while a suitable connecting method (e.g. simple flat fold, simple flat fold with fastener, or double flat fold) is used transversally.
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PLX roofing
3.10. Edging of composition roofing Composition type roofs are edged using FOP-FA grade hard sheet metal elements. Their length varies between 1000 and 4000 mm, while their thickness is 0,5 or 0,6 mm. The elements can be extended using connecting beads.
Cornice cover
Extension of elements
transom light
mechanical fastener
folded Lindab sheet thermal insulation
mineral wool fixed cover strip wedge for thermal insulation cover strip steel plate footing wedge for thermal insulation
impregnated wood frame Lindab sheet
footing of transom light
Parapet cover
closing of the edge of the zinc-coated sheet
Nodal connection options for edging composite roofs
85
PLX roofing
3.11. Edging of hard roof covers Hard roofs are edged using FOP-FA grade hard sheet metal elements. Their length varies between 1000 and 4000 mm, while their thickness is 0,5 or 0,6 mm. The elements can be extended using connecting beads or overlapped and riveted connections sealed with gel rubber.
Ventilated eaves
Nodal connection of slate roof and PLX upright folded sheet metal roofing
Installation of eaves flashing in tiled roofing
Design of eaves sheets in tiled roofing
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PLX roofing
60
50
40
45
30
Size of collar (cm)
12
25
12
10
10
10
15 15 14
15
20
16
16 16
15
20
15
15
10
Pitch
Identification of chimney collar size, as a function of the roof pitch
Wall flashings used to complete chimney covering
87
PLX roofing
Eaves sheet designs of chimney covering
Bending methods applied to chimney covering
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PLX roofing
Collar adjusted to wave-form tiles
Bordering of dormer window integrated in tile roofing

89
PLX roofing
3.12. Lightning protection The purpose of lightning protection is to protect buildings/structures and human life against lightning. In most cases, the lightning hits the uppermost part of any building, i.e. the roof. Ideally, a sheet metal roof acts as a natural lightning collector, making the installation of separate lightning rods unnecessary. Of course, one should not neglect to install discharge rods or grounding/earthing wires. The structural design and production technology of the Lindabs PLX sheet metal products permits their being used as a natural lightning rod. Lightning will vaporize the plastic coating of the sheet material, but not (with more than 99% probability) melt the steel sheet. To prevent any potential damage caused by lightning to the protective coating of the sheet metal, separate lightning rods must be installed. Any metallic object protruding from the roof behaves as a natural lightning rod and must be connected to the sheet metal roofing. Since the flow of electricity is concentrated at the points where the lightning dischargers are connected, these spots should be supplied with a connecting bus fixed by 4 or 5 screws. The fittings used to connect the PLX sheet strips used as natural lightning rods should be made of 3 mm thick hot-dip-galvanized steel wire. The fittings of the lightning protection system should obviously be fixed in a way that does not prevent the thermal movement of the sheets.
Design of a lightning discharge rod
3 3
Installation of a lightning rod
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PLX roofing
Fittings of the lightning protection system
Discharging and connecting mast
Code Nr: P1 (long)

Discharging and connecting mast
Universal junction piece
Code Nr: B1 (cast)
3 3
Code Nr: P1 (long)
Discharging junction piece
Fastening component for the lightning rod peak to be fixed on the upright folded sheet-metal roof
Code Nr: L1
Code Nr: B1 (cast)
Mast of lightning rod peak, fixed by three screws
Fastening component for the lightning rod peak to be fixed on the upright folded sheet-metal roof
Code Nr: F1
Code Nr: B1 (cast)
Universal connecting part
Code Nr: K1
Parallel junction piece
Code Nr: K2 (nttt)
Longitudinal/transversal fastening component to be fixed on the upright fold
Longitudinal/transversal fastening component to be fixed on the upright fold
Code Nr: K3 (cast)
Code Nr: K3 (cast)
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PLX facade cladding
LindabCoverline PLX
Application Guide
LindabCoverline PLX
4. PLX facade cladding

PLX sheet strips can be used to create attractive, durable and maintenance-free facade cladding. Rectangular upright folding is the most preferred installation system. Other installation alternatives include: - system of double upright folding - folding system with insert laths - system of combined roofing techniques. Essentially, the application technology is identical with the principles described in respect to the roofing methods, but special care should be taken during the design and installation phases due to: - the properties of the materials used - the regulations described in the respective standards - the aesthetic requirements of the facade. The base boarding and the supporting structures of the sheet cladding should be dimensioned with due regard to the respective standards: load (wind pressure, dead-weight: MSZ 15021), fire protection (MSZ 595) and lightning protection. The fastening/clamping components should be dimensioned to withstand the possible suction force of the wind, as shown below: Height of eaves (meters) 08 8 - 20 20 - 100 Suction force of wind N/m2 at the at the above intercorners edges nal surfaces 1250 750 500 2000 1200 800 2750 1650 1100
Only fastening components made of stainless steel may be used. Adequate ventilation between the baseboarding and the thermal insulation layer must be ensured, as specified below: air gap clearance: gap for inward ventilation F / 1000 but at least gap for outward ventilation F / 800 but at least
2.5 cm 2.0 cm 2.0 cm
The longitudinal folding of PLX sheets can be done using pre-profiling or edge-bending equipment. The use of the latter prevents any bending deformation. The use of plate-size sheets or max. 3-5 meter long sheet strips is recommended.
93
PLX facade cladding

The sheet strips can be simply overlapped transversally, according to the following table: Facade height (m) Overlapping mm >50 >80 >100
Overlapping
<8 8-20 20-50
using flat folding
using dividing strip
The free thermal movement of the sheet strips should never be hindered. Only elements shorter than 1 meter may be fixed permanently; in other cases, clips should be used. The sheet strips can be secured by upright clips at their upper edge or along their transversal connection joints. The rectangular upright folds should be tightened using less force than usual, in order to facilitate the thermally induced movement of the plates.
special sheet connections

94
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PLX facade cladding
The sheet surfaces can be protected from undesirable corrugation or buckling by adequate selection of the production technology, strip width, fold spacing and nodal connection design. The spacing of the rectangular folds or insert laths should be chosen in accordance with the framing pattern of upstands and windows. The design drawings of the roof cover should also illustrate the locations of any ladders, shielding or other objects to be mounted on the facade.
details of facade cladding made of PLX sheets
95
PLX facade cladding

Closing of the upper section of facade cladding Drip edges contribute to the artistic architectural contour and appearance to the building. This type of cover should ensure adequate ventilation through the wall structure, combined with proper protection against penetration of precipitation and snow.
shaping of the lower end of upright folds
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PLX facade cladding
vented nodal connection of roof/wall
Ew.: 30 cm
20 ,5
5 3 1,5
connection of PLX strip facade and roof cladding along the gable line
ventilation should be provided at spots other than usual in case of connections closed by folded roofing
97
PLX facade cladding

Design of footing Correctly designed nodal connections at footings ensure unobstructed thermal movement of the PLX facade cladding and leave a sufficient gap to vent the inner air space. If the plane of the footing is located in front of the PLX facade cladding, then the upper plane of the footing should be weather-proofed (FOP-FA edge, covering by natural or artificial stone).
optional designs for the lower nodal connection of PLX strip facade cladding
Design of corners and wall interfaces - outer corner Single-faced right-angle fold Double-faced right-angle fold
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PLX facade cladding

- With cover strip - Inner corner
Design of lateral connections of facade cladding, applied to traditional building structures.

20 cm rendering
rendering
20 cm
wall 20 cm
flexible putty
wall 20 cm
rabbet molding
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Application Guide
LindabCoverline PLX
5. Maintenance, repair and refurbishing of PLX

The local climate largely determines the progress of ageing of the paint coating of any sheet-metal. Solar radiation, weather effects, distance from the sea and the degree of environment pollution are the factors with the greatest impact. Damage to the paint coating during or subsequent to installation does not necessarily seriously impair the corrosion protection, provided that such damage is repaired or eliminated immediately. Thus, the expected useful life of the sheet shall not be reduced. Solar radiation affects the quality of the paint coating in two ways: UV radiation accelerates the ageing process, paint coatings of different colors warm up at different rates and degrees. Light colors fade slowly, while darker colors tend to fade faster. This should be taken into consideration when selecting colors. 5.1 Cleaning Although pelting rain keeps roofs reasonably neat and tidy, stubborn residues should be removed at least once a year by spray-gun or a soft wet brush. Special attention should be paid to areas where rainwater never gets at. Detergents are probably needed for particularly soiled areas. Household detergents are perfectly suitable for this purpose. Washing should be followed by thorough rinsing to remove any residual detergent, if necessary, by spray-gun. The more drastic cleaning methods can damage the paint coating. The use of organic solvents should be avoided. Proceed with the cleaning from the bottom to top. Caution is justified because excessive washing and cleaning can do more harm than good. Scratches can be mended by repainting, using a thin paintbrush. The original paint should always be used, otherwise the hue of the repainted surface will differ from the rest. 5.2 Corrosion When any imperfection appears on a painted surface, clean the peeling, blistering or discolored surface by scraping or grinding. Remove every particle of rust from the damaged surface by sand blasting or filing until the steel core of the sheet becomes visible. Wash the surface with alkaline, greasy cleaning agent. Rinse the surface with clean water and let it dry. Apply a zinc-based primer and the touch-up paint provided by the manufacturer.
101

Corrosion of the edge of the sheet: No corrosion is expected to develop along the edges of the sheet-metal under normal weather conditions. This phenomenon may, however, occur under aggressive weather circumstances, so special attention should be paid to the finishing of any sheet-metal to be installed in such places. If the sheet is damaged, proceed as follows: File, scrape or grind the surface where the paint eroded or where rust is visible. Also remove the paint from an area of reasonable width surrounding the surface directly attacked by rust. Wash the surface with alkaline, greasy cleaning agent. Rinse the surface with clean water and let it dry. Apply zinc-based, corrosion-proof primer and the touch-up paint provided by the manufacturer. It may be difficult to repair corroded surfaces along the edges of overlapping sheets using the above described method since the lower surface of the sheet can be accessed and cleaned only after having dismounted that section of the roof cover. This problem can be avoided by proper insulation of the folds and overlapping surfaces. Accordingly, always apply Runotex or Abratex 80 sealing paste to the folded surfaces to ensure appropriate insulation. 5.3 Repainting Repainting of the sheet-metal may be necessitated by discoloration, peeling or corrosion of the sheet or, simply, if the user wants to change the color of the roof. Outdoor steel surfaces should always be repainted using quality methods and equipment and a proven paint system. When the time for repainting large roof surfaces comes, consult Lindabs experts to select the appropriate materials and technology. 5.4 Annual inspection Inspection and maintenance of roofs twice a year can save much money and time. The following potential sources of trouble should be focused on during each inspection:
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LindabCoverline PLX

SOURCE OF TROUBLE Inspection of the integrity of the paint coating. Check any apparent discoloration or surface damage. Check carefully all surfaces not cleaned by rain. Clogged gutters, piping. Clogging facilitates the development of corrosion and penetration of condensate into the building. Dirt adheres to the sheet panels. By creating a permanently damp and wet environment, dirt is the hot-bed of corrosion. Damaged paint coat. Check the integrity of the paint coating at least once a year. Foreign material found on the roof. Check for metal objects (screws, nuts, washers etc.) on the sheet-metal roof. Workmanship deficiencies. Poorly or inadequately fixed fasteners facilitate water infiltration or rusting. Edge corrosion may appear along the cut edges of overlapping sheets or at the end of the sheet-metal. In the absence of proper countermeasures, rusting can spread quickly. TASKS TO BE DONE Assess the roofs condition and opt for the best maintenance measures: washing, cleaning, stopping of edge corrosion. If needed, consult our staff experts. Remove all dirt and litter from the gutters and downpipes.
Remove all dirt as described formerly, to let the sheet-metal dry.
Identify the tasks to be done (e.g. cleaning, re-painting, replacement of corroded sheets), depending on the severity of the corrosion. Remove any foreign material, in order to stop or prevent corrosion. Replace any poorly fixed fasteners. If the thread is worn, install screws/nuts of a bigger size. Clean carefully the corroded surface and repaint it as described above.
103
Literature
Lindab Kft. Lszl Sznt Gyrgy Szederknyi Dr. Fodor Istvn (BME) Hungarian Federation of Roofing Contractors (MSZ) SSAB Tunnplt SSAB Tunnplt Pltslageriernas Riksfrbund Lindab Profil AB DIN Prelaq PLX Application Guide Design and installation of sheet metals Installation of PLX sheet metal Lighting Protection 1996 Notes, 2002 Notes, 2002 Notes, 2002
Tetfedsek tervezsi s kivitelezsi irnyelvei Produktinformation Prelaq Academy 1. Byggnadsplt 1-14 Tak-vggkatalogen (Brochure) German Industrial Norms
Notes, 2002 1996 1998 1996 1998
PLX Application Guide Edited by Gyrgy Szederknyi, Rita Stecher Lectured by Lszl Sznt 2002

Lindab PLX Sheet Line

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LindabCoverline PLX

How to use PLX

PLX facade cladding

Maintenance, repair and refurbish of PLX

PLX Application Guide

Protective layer Al-Zn alloy

PLX Application Guide

5 Aluzink coated (AZ 185) 0 0 1 2 3 4 Years 5 6 7 8

Zinc coated (Z 275)

5 Aluzink coated (AZ 185)

Hard abrasion-resistant particles Poliester Flexible paint layer

PLX Application Guide

If the coating should lose its brightness, it can be repainted.

PLX Application Guide

Aluzink 200 100 40 50

How to use PLX

How to use PLX

2. How to use PLX

PLX Application Guide

How to use PLX

WM84 seam folder

How to use PLX

PLX Application Guide

How to use PLX

How to use PLX

= dilatation gap D = length of dilatation joint

Dilatation joint designs

PLX Application Guide

How to use PLX

The pitch of the gable roof: > 5

x = the smaller value from 1 or 2h y = the smaller value from b or 2h

How to use PLX

x = the smaller value from 1 or 2h y = the smaller value from b or 2h

Wind load gable on the roof.

1 < b/8 < 2

PLX Application Guide

How to use PLX

How to use PLX

techniques used for fastening sheet metal edges

PLX Application Guide

How to use PLX

spacing dowel made of plastic

How to use PLX

Sliding clip Self tapping screw Penetrating clip

Installation, maintaining an intermediate space. Insulated version.

Substrate: wood Application Type of clip Bonding unit

Wood screw Penetrating clip

Installation, maintaining an intermediate space. Insulated version.

PLX Application Guide

principle of roof structure ventilation

inward ventilation through perforated sheet

inward ventilation through interspaced boards

ventilation adjusted to different eaves designs

PLX Application Guide

Small pitched PLX roof separated layer by aeriation pad

PLX Application Guide

Baseboard moisture content at the time of installation 15 - 20 % 20 - 30 % > 30 %

PLX roof covering

cross-sectional layout of a pre-profiled bead

3 separation layer (see item 3 of Section 3.1.)

4 PLX sheet metal

5 sealant (folding oil, gel, sealing strip)