CAREER IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Its Future, Job Aspects, Career Prospects and Higher Studies Engineering is a well respected profession in India. More and more students are choosing engineering as an undergraduate major and also as a career path. As a career, it is seen as a means to upward mobility. Today as per statistics India graduates the largest number of engineers after China at around 350,000 per year. Engineering has long been seen as a safe profession in India. If nothing else, it meant that a person would have a steady income. Until the mid nineties, an engineer would finish his degree and if he or she was from a good engineering school, would head to the USA for a PHD and then settle down in the country pursuing a career in engineering. The nineties saw an influx of software engineers migrate to the USA, not necessarily more qualified but who could be hired for less money than their American counterpart. The 21st century has seen a different trend. With the onset of technical outsourcing to India and other cheap foreign destinations from the USA and Europe, engineering degrees and careers have taken a whole new meaning in India. The last ten years has seen a lot of low skilled as well as software testing work shift to destinations like India due to the lower cost of labor. Several engineers of Indian origin in the USA are electing to go back as more and more opportunities emerge in India due to rapid globalization and shifting of technology related work to low cost destinations such as India. Engineering is a vast meadow with a huge scope for specialists in various areas of engineering. It is the discipline that helps you buy and apply technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge to design and implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems and processes to realize the desired objective in a secure manner. Some of the areas of specialization in the meadow of engineering are automotive, aviation, civil, railway, design, food production, maintenance, structural, chemical, geotechnical, software, feature, aerospace etc. The demand for engineers in India has grown manifold with quick paced developments taking house in various IT, construction, electrical, chemical, transportation and other industries. Of all the different fields of engineering, civil engineering jobs in India are faring better mainly due to the demands of improvement in the overall infrastructure of the entire country which is in great need of an overhauling. Civil Engineering is one of the most superior or high-ranking professions in India. It is considered to be one of the oldest engineering disciplines among others like mechanical, electrical, chemical, military, aeronautical, and software engineering. The need for improvement in infrastructure to match the international standards is realized today, generating jobs for civil engineers. Infrastructure of our country is either not very robust or too old to bear the shocks from

natural calamities or otherwise. Many roads need immediate repair; sewage systems require constant attention; various flyovers and bridges have to be built and a lot of other structural maintenance and development is also due. All such activities ask for services from engineers so that these multifarious problems can be solved properly. Civil Engineering uses scientific and engineering principles to design and construct the physical and natural built environment, including the structures viz. bridges, roads, canals, dams and buildings etc. Civil Engineering is now being studied under several sub-disciplines like environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, geoenvironmental engineering, structural engineering, transportation engineering, infrastructural engineering, water resources engineering, materials engineering, coastal engineering, surveying, urban planning and many more. A civil engineer can choose from a multitude of career options like designing, supervision and construction activities of public works like roads, bridges, tunnels, buildings, airports, dams, water works, sewage systems, ports etc. The career prospects in this field are enormous owing to the rapid growth of infrastructure facilities in the country. CAREER OVERVIEW From the pyramids of Egypt to the international space station, civil engineers have always faced the challenges of the future advancing civilization and building our quality of life. Today, the world is undergoing vast changes -- the technological revolution, population growth, environmental concerns, and more. All create unique challenges for civil engineers of every specialty. The next decades will be the most creative, demanding, and rewarding of times for civil engineers, and now is the best time to find the right career for you. Civil engineers are in the forefront of technology. They are the leading users of sophisticated high-tech products - applying the very latest concepts in computer-aided design (CAD) during design, construction, project scheduling, and cost control. Civil engineering is about community service, development, and improvement -- the planning, design, construction, and operation of facilities essential to modern life, ranging from transit systems to offshore structures to space satellites. Civil engineers are problem solvers, meeting the challenges of pollution, traffic congestion, drinking water and energy needs, urban redevelopment, and community planning. Our future as a nation will be closely tied to space, energy, the environment, and our ability to interact with and compete in the global economy. A civil engineer will perform a vital role in linking these themes and improving quality of life for the new century. As the technological revolution expands, as the world's population increases, and as environmental concerns mount, civil engineers skills will be indispensable. There is no limit to the personal satisfaction one can feel from helping to make this world a better place to live. Whatever area you choose, be it design, construction, research, teaching, or management, civil engineering offers you a wide range of career choices for your future.

Civil engineering is one of the professional disciplines of engineering and contains a variety of specialties like structural, water related, environmental, architectural, transportation and geo-technical engineering. Civil Engineering deals with planning, designing and executing construction activities that include physical and natural structures. It involves structuring public works like roads, buildings, bridges, canals, tunnels, airports, dams, ports, sewage systems and multitude of others. It takes place on all levels in both public and private sectors, from municipal to federal and from individual homeowners to international companies. Civil Engineering is generally divided into several sub-disciplines that could be: (a) environmental engineering, (b) geotechnical engineering, (c) structural engineering, (d) transportation engineering, (e) municipal or urban engineering,(f) Water resources engineering, (g) materials engineering, (h) coastal engineering,(i) Construction and (j) research engineering. Being such a vast field, civil engineering jobs in India are, of course, in plenty and with boom in real estate sector of the country, they have grown in numbers. It has always been one of the hottest professions with high demand for experts and professionals from this area. Administrative or supervisory jobs are held by many civil engineers while others work in devising, composing, constructing, researching and teaching jobs. In 2002, around 228,000 positions were held by civil engineers. Almost half of them held jobs in architectural, engineering and other firms where design development for construction projects was the chief objective. Around one-third of all employment is created by Central and State government agencies. The remaining job opportunities are created by the construction sector. Many civil engineers are hired as consultants and as many as 15,000 are self employed. Civil engineers usually work near major industrial and commercial centers, often at construction sites. Some projects are situated in remote areas or in foreign countries. Often, civil engineers are required to move to different places for the completion of each project. MARKETABILITY A civil engineer's training will continue throughout his or her entire career. An effective engineer realizes that continuing education is the key to success. In college an engineer gains an ability to learn that will last throughout life, while at the same time absorbing the basic knowledge and skills that every engineer must master. On-the-job experience, gained through mini project assignments, internships, or summer jobs, is a vital factor in making a young engineer credible to potential employers. Gaining professional licensing is often important to career advancement. Becoming marketable means having the skills and experiences beyond the basics, perhaps through leadership in student or community organizations, plus having the ability to communicate one's unique qualifications clearly.

Engineering students usually select their field in the first or second year of college. At the same time that you are coming to grips with the fundamentals of engineering, you should also pay attention to the broader issue of learning to learn a skill you will need to master if you are to continue to develop as an engineer -- communication. It is important to develop your writing and speaking skills. It is a good idea to get involved in campus activities that let you develop as a person as you learn to be an engineer. While not the only way to get ahead, graduate training can provide the critical depth of training some specialties require. The best sources of information about civil engineering colleges are your teachers and other practicing engineers. Anyone looking for a job has to get comfortable with the idea of selling one's strengths. Whether it is a deep specialization or a broad background, you will need to demonstrate how you will help an employer. Marketing includes both a profound knowledge of the product (yourself) and the buyer (the employer). When you find a match between your interests and their needs, the chances of success are high.

CAREER PROSPECTS Opportunities for civil engineers exist in the public as well as private sectors in large numbers in all branches of design, construction and maintenance, infrastructure development in both India and abroad. Right now constructions industry is booming as there is growth in infrastructure requirement throughout the country. This is going to stay for next few decades. Scope of civil engineers lies with many developing countries in Middle East, Africa, and Asia where infrastructure development is picking up and Indian engineers are in great demand. Civil Engineers can find job in Government departments, private and public sector industries, research and teaching institutions etc. Job opportunities for civil engineers are expected to increase as fast as the average for all jobs, although the construction industry is vulnerable to fluctuations in the economy. Civil engineers will always be needed to maintain and repair existing facilities and structures and to construct new ones. After doing B.Tech, one can look for jobs in road projects, building work, consultancy firms, quality testing laboratories or housing societies. The experts say there is a high demand for experienced civil engineers in developed countries also. Civil engineers are employed in all the major construction projects carried out by the state or central government, the railways, private construction companies, military, engineering services, consultancy services etc. Civil engineering graduates can also go in for research and take up teaching or they can open their own independent consultancy services. India has the second highest population in the world after China. It is one of the fastest growing economies that is witnessing speedy growth across all service and industrial sectors. The demand for engineers in India has been growing with augmented developmental activities in various sectors. This has naturally made numerous engineering jobs in India across various sectors of the nation. From mechanical engineers to software engineers to civil engineers to

electrical engineers to the upcoming engineering expert areas, all kinds of engineers are in high demand. Engineering may not be restricted to just particular industries but covers all aspects of an organization like feature, design, production, maintenance, etc. From directorial levels to freshers and trainees, engineering jobs in India are on a roll. Particularly Civil engineers are paid very well by both Indian and international companies but pay scales usually depend on academic background. There are hundreds of technology and engineering colleges across the country both government and private that provide degrees and diplomas in civil engineering. Students from prestigious colleges like IIT (Indian Institute of Technology), NIT (National Institute of Technology), BITS Pilani, DTU (Delhi Technological University earlier DCE, Delhi College of Engineering),JNTU, Osmania University and others are offered the highest packages while pass outs from other institutes also manage to get honestly decent salaries. Civil Engineering is also considered one of the prestigious professions traditionally in India. The Indian nation is booming all over again after the prolonged slowdown in the world. All the major sectors have started alternative up pace and thus, the hiring endeavor is on a high with top notch companies gearing up for recruiting generous number of personnel. From real estate developers to software companies to manufacturing units and other service industries, each sector is now racing high. The hiring season is back after the unfortunate times of recession and so are civil engineering jobs in India.All kinds of engineers from software, chemical, electrical, technology, aerospace, geotechnical, mechanical as well as other backgrounds and expertise are in demand, thus, increasing the number of jobs in engineering in India. After acquiring the required expertise and training, you may start looking for jobs in engineering on online job portals, in newspapers and even on company websites. These sources list the engineering jobs available with various employers bringing them and the potential candidates together on a common platform. Civil Engineering has a broad scope in India as a career option. The demand for skilled civil engineers is expected to grow in appearance years as our country is on a developing path. Not only in India but even in developed countries abroad, engineering jobs are in plenty. Once you become a well qualified and trained civil engineer, you can pursue your area of appeal along with utilizing your technical knowledge.

ELIGIBILITY An educational career in civil engineering can be started after class 10th. Here the individual is only eligible to pursue Diploma program in civil engineering. After successful completion of the course, he/she can join as a junior engineer in various public and private sector jobs, defense jobs, jobs in railways etc. The minimum eligibility for doing undergraduate program i.e. BE/BTech in Civil Engineering is

+ 2 Science with Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. The selection is generally made on the basis of entrance tests (e.g. IITJEE, AIEEE, BITSAT etc.) conducted at both national and state level. One can also continue his/her study further by joining ME/MTech programs offered by various engineering colleges/universities including the IITs and NITs. A GATE qualification can further make ones admission process easier. AMIE Associate Memberships of the Institution of Engineers also offers courses in civil engineering which is equivalent to BE/BTech provided by other institutes/universities. COURSE STRUCTURE Conventionally the courses being taught to the students in the Civil Engineering branch currently have very high bias towards structural engineering. Structural engineering subjects take about 50 percent of total course load while the remaining 4 areas take 50 percent, all together. It is a paradox that most of the final year civil student's projects end up with design of different structures that have no relevance to current or near future needs of industry. This is the major lacuna resulting in the lack of demand for civil engineering course. The specific developments in structural engineering have not increased the employment prospects and career growth of civil engineers during 80s and 90s. Even then, the biased course structure was never reviewed which ultimately lead to the present status of irrelevant and obsolete civil engineering education even in this decade of technology and thirst for knowledge society. However most significantly the developments in space applications in terms of very high resolution remote sensing satellites, geographic information systems software and information technology, have lead to the emergence of new areas of disciplines, new challenges and enlarged requirements of civil engineering profession to cater to some of the following topics / tasks: Environmental management, Transportation management, Water Resource management, Business and Services management, Automated City and rural area road network map, Applications in Urban infrastructure, waste management and comprehensive planning ,Property insurance and crisis management ,Disaster management ,Vehicle routing, tracking and mapping, Agriculture / Forest management, Topographical surveying Data simulation, visualization Real estate, banking, media, entertainment, tourism Electric power supply utilities planning Telecommunications etc The above-mentioned topics / tasks of civil engineering profession are dependent on the specific knowledge of the following Spatial data acquisition and positioning ,Processing, analysis and display of spatial data, Computational methods in geoinformatics, Geomorphology ,Geodesy, Data conversion ,Relational and object oriented Database management systems, Large scale engineering surveys

,Advanced methods in digital Remote Sensing, Integrated land and environmental information systems ,Digital photogrammetry ,Digital cartography, Urban and regional planning using GIS, Environmental impact assessment Information systems in transportation ,Spatial databases, Assessing land value and land use, Surveying using Global positioning systems ,Design of GPS network, Fundamentals of electronics and communication systems, Networking Web based GIS, E commerce and GIS applications . Knowledge of the above topics is what the industry expects today from a Civil Engineer. This essentially revolves around creation of a Geo Spatial IT enabled Civil engineer. This is right direction for the paradigm shift that meets the requirements of society at large. The new millennium foresees emergence of a Geo Spatial IT enabled Civil engineer. This requires restructuring the present curriculum.

Redefining the graduate Civil Engineering Curriculum There is a clear focus on the need for IT enabled civil engineers. In this emerging scenario the present course structure of Civil Engineering requires bifurcation into two branches. These two branches can be named or grouped into the following Civil and Structural Engineering Environmental Information Technology- or Geo-spatial Information Technology

Civil and Structural EngineeringThis branch deals with conventional civil engineering with 60 percent emphasis on Structural engineering and 25 percent on IT related subjects and the non structural engineering Civil engineering subjects constitute remaining 15 percent. The course broadly covers- Theory of Structures, Structural engineering, geo-technical engineering, AutoCAD, Geographic Information systems, computer aided structural design and analysis-geomorphology, computer graphics and IT related subjects Environmental Information Technology-/ Geo-spatial Information Technology Surveying, Remote Sensing, Geographic Information Systems, soft copy Photogrammetry, Transportation, Water Resources, Irrigation management, Urban planning, global positioning systems, digital image processing, Computer graphics and IT related subjects. As the topics of application of civil engineering profession are concerned with earth, environment and people, there is a definite requirement for visualization of products, processes, terrain and structures. As such the development and application of visualization software tools should be accorded high priority in the curriculum. Domain ExpertsFrom the application point of view in most fields of software developed to analyze the theme of concern and the technology in the GIS system the terrain knowledge plays a significant role.

Many applications dealing with GIS are subjected to the regulations and the law in the application fields. For example the design of cables for electricity distribution is subjected to municipal permission following the laws on physical planning. Another example is the property registration for real estate that is legally described by a cadastral law. In order to educate the students in the fields the society is asking for, in many universities in the world GIS is taught as apart of the curriculum of different subjects. GIS is a complex technique requiring many domain specific skills. No simple IT exposure would help to become a GIS professional. In this background, mention may be made of better capability of IT enabled domain expert in handling problems concerned with earth, environment and people than a mere IT Professional. A geospatial IT enabled Water resource engineer only can handle the problem of irrigation or dam design than an ordinary IT professional with excellent software development capabilities. A spatial information technologist can better design communication tower network considering the GIS simulated line of sight communication criterion than a conventional engineer. So we need to develop more IT enriched conventional engineering branches than mere IT courses. There will be huge demand for domain experts with IT knowledge. The suggested revision of course content and course structure in the civil engineering branch is a step in this direction. This message should be conveyed to students so that the demand will be uniform for all IT enriched conventional engineering branches. And the challenge for IT education is to identify students with the potential abilities and domain specific aptitudes and encourage them to venture into such new fields. The basic degree structure has introductory science and engineering courses in the first year, fundamentals of structures, fluids, soils and construction in second year, development of design in third year, and significant electivity and thesis in final year. For a typical 4 year degree, a student must complete 192 credit points of compulsory core subjects and electives. Typically each subject (which we call a "unit of study") is 6 credit points, and students enroll in 4 per semester. Most 6 credit point units of study comprise of 4 or 5 contact hours per week, plus 5 hours individual assignment or study work per week. Course structure and syllabus should offer specialization streams in Structural Engineering, Geotechnical Engineering, Construction Management and Environmental Engineering. To qualify for these streams, students are required to pick specific electives related to their stream. SPECIALIZATIONS Civil engineering is grouped into seven major divisions of engineering: structural; environmental; geotechnical; water resources; transportation; construction; and urban planning. In practice, these are not always hard and fixed categories, but they offer a helpful way to review a very diverse and dynamic field. Thus there are seven major disciplines within civil engineering that are closely interrelated: Structural

As a structural engineer, you will face the challenge of designing structures that support their own weight and the loads they carry, and that resist wind, temperature, earthquake, and many other forces. Bridges, buildings, offshore structures, space platforms, amusement park rides, and many other kinds of projects are included within this exciting discipline. You will develop the appropriate combination of steel, concrete, timber, plastic, and new exotic materials. You will do the planning and design, as well as visit the project site to make sure the work is done properly. Environmental The skills of environmental engineers are becoming increasingly important as we attempt to protect the fragile resources of our planet. Environmental engineers translate physical, chemical, and biological processes into systems to destroy toxic substances, remove pollutants from water, reduce non-hazardous solid waste volumes, eliminate contaminates from the air, and develop groundwater supplies. In this field, you may be called upon to resolve issues of providing safe drinking water, cleaning up sites contaminated with hazardous materials, disposing of wastewater, and managing solid wastes. Geotechnical Geotechnical engineering is required in all aspects of civil engineering, because most projects are supported by the ground. As a geotechnical engineer, you might develop projects below ground, such as tunnels, foundations, and offshore platforms. You will analyze the properties of soil and rock that support and affect the behavior of these structures. You may evaluate the potential settlements of buildings, the stability of slopes and fills, the seepage of ground water and the effects of earthquakes. You will investigate the rocks and soils at a project site and determine the best way to support a structure in the ground. You may also take part in the design and construction of dams, embankments, and retaining walls. Water Resources Water is essential to our lives, and as a water resources engineer, you will deal with issues concerning the quality and quantity of water. You will work to prevent floods, to supply water for cities, industry, and irrigation, to treat wastewater, to protect beaches, or to manage and redirect rivers. You might be involved in the design, construction, or maintenance of hydroelectric power facilities, canals, dams, pipelines, pumping stations, locks, or seaport facilities. Transportation Because the quality of a community I directly related to the quality of its transportation system, your function as a transportation engineer will be to move people, good, and materials safely and efficiently. Your challenge will be to find ways to meet our ever-increasing travel needs on land, air, and sea. You will design, construct, and maintain all types of transportation facilities, including highways, railroads, airfields, and ports. An important part of transportation engineering is to upgrade our transportation capability by improving traffic control and mass transit systems, and by introducing high-speed trains, people movers, and other new transportation methods.

Construction

As a construction engineer, you are the builder of our future. The construction phase of a project represents the first tangible result of design. Using your technical and management skills will allow you to turn designs into reality on time and within budget. You will apply your knowledge of construction methods and equipment, along with the principles of financing, planning, and managing, to turn the designs of other engineers into successful projects. Urban Planning As a professional in this area, you will be concerned with the entire development of a community. Analyzing a variety of information will help you coordinate projects, such as projecting street patters, identifying park and recreation areas, and determining areas for industrial and residential growth. To ensure ready access to your community, coordination with other authorities may be required to integrate freeways, airports, and other related facilities. Successful coordination of a project will require you to be people-oriented as well as technically knowledgeable. COURSES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING BTech/ B.E. Civil Engineering B.E. Construction Engineering B.E. Transportation Engineering B.E.(Hons) Civil Engineering Certificate Course in Building Design Certificate Course in Construction Supervisor Civil Engineering (AMICE) Diploma in Civil Engineering MTech/M.E. Structural Engineering M.E. Construction Engineering and Management MTech/M.E. Geotechnical Engineering MTech/M.E. Transportation Engineering MTech/M.E. Water Resources and Hydraulics Engineering MTech/M.E. Geoenvironmental Engineering MTech/M.E. Infrastructural Engineering M.E. Urban Engineering M.Tech. Computer Aided Structural Engineering M.Tech. Construction Engineering and Management M.Tech. Constructional Technology and Management M.Tech. Transportation Engineering

Civil Engineering Entrance Examination All India Engineering/ Architecture Entrance Examination (AIEEE) Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering Joint Entrance Examination (JEE) SLIET Entrance Test (SET) Associate Member of the Institution of Engineers (AMIE) Examination ISAT Admission Test (IIST,Thiruvananthapuram) National Aptitude Test in Architecture Statewise Entrance Examinations (EAMCET)

In Andhra Pradesh ,Engineering Agriculture and Medicine Common Entrance Testis conducted by JNT University Hyderabad on behalf of APSCHE. This examination is the gateway for entry into various professional courses offered in Government/Private Colleges in Andhra Pradesh EAMCET, which stands for Engineering Agricultural and Medical Common Entrance Test, is an Entrance examination required for admission to various Engineering and Medical colleges in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India. Many other colleges offering graduation courses like BDS, B.Pharm., BSc., Pharm.D. etc. require qualification in this exam. The coaching industry for this examination is estimated at nearly Rs. 5000 crore (approx. $110 million) a year. EDUCATION AND TRAINING REQUIREMENTS Civil engineers work in an intellectually demanding field that requires a strong aptitude for mathematics and the physical sciences. They need the ability to think logically and creatively to be successful. They must be able to communicate well, both verbally and in writing. A bachelor's degree in civil engineering from an accredited school is essential to enter the field. Many colleges offer four- or five-year engineering programs that include courses in thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, circuitry, stress analysis, and structural design. Social sciences and humanities classes are usually required as well. Some colleges offer cooperative programs in which students divide their time between classes and work experience. Those who want careers in research, development, or teaching will need a graduate degree. Some companies help pay students' tuition. JOB PROFILE OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

The primary responsibility of civil engineers is to plan and design a project, construct it to the required scale and maintain the product. Not only high levels of engineering knowledge but supervisory and administrative skills are also required. Planning projects involve site investigation, feasibility studies, coming up with solutions to possible complications and the actual structural designing. Civil engineers have to work according to the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by them. Preparing cost estimates, setting construction schedules, maintenance and repair of work is also an important part of their job. Construction work also implies dealing with clients, contractors, government officials, architects and supervision of work. Henceforth, civil engineers are responsible for designing and administering the construction of public structures and facilities like roads, bridges etc. Most of the companies demand specific specializations suitable to the respective job profile. Like in other fields, civil engineering and construction jobs usually start on a low responsibility note. As an employee demonstrates his level of proficiency in the field, tasks become more and more responsible. The job opportunities for civil engineers are diverse as well as dynamic as they work in diverse settings varying from a plush modern office to remote areas. Also, more often than not, construction jobs may involve traveling within or maybe outside the city. Team work and coordination plays a crucial role for civil engineers as they mostly work in big teams. Construction professionals can work in state or central government projects as well as in private concerns or overseas. Civil engineers may also include being a supervisor of the construction site; a managerial position in design or research and teaching in both government and private services. The option of working as independent consultants is also open to civil engineering professionals. The scope for civil engineering and construction jobs in India is huge. Job Tasks for: "CIVIL ENGINEER" Analyze survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints, aerial photography, and other topographical or geologic data to plan projects. Plan and design transportation or hydraulic systems and structures, following construction and government standards, using design software and drawing tools. Compute load and grade requirements, water flow rates, and material stress factors to determine design specifications. Inspect project sites to monitor progress and ensure conformance to design specifications and safety or sanitation standards. Direct construction, operations, and maintenance activities at project site. Direct or participate in surveying to lay out installations and establish reference points, grades, and elevations to guide construction. Estimate quantities and cost of materials, equipment, or labor to determine project feasibility.

Prepare or present public reports, such as bid proposals, deeds, environmental impact statements, and property and right-of-way descriptions. Test soils and materials to determine the adequacy and strength of foundations, concrete, asphalt, or steel. Provide technical advice regarding design, construction, or program modifications and structural repairs to industrial and managerial personnel. Conduct studies of traffic patterns or environmental conditions to identify engineering problems and assess the potential impact of projects.

Knowledge Requirements for: "CIVIL ENGINEER" Engineering and Technology -- Knowledge of the practical application of engineering science and technology. This includes applying principles, techniques, procedures, and equipment to the design and production of various goods and services. Design -- Knowledge of design techniques, tools, and principles involved in production of precision technical plans, blueprints, drawings, and models. Mathematics -- Knowledge of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics, and their applications. Building and Construction -- Knowledge of materials, methods, and the tools involved in the construction or repair of houses, buildings, or other structures such as highways and roads. English Language -- Knowledge of the structure and content of the English language including the meaning and spelling of words, rules of composition, and grammar. Customer and Personal Service -- Knowledge of principles and processes for providing customer and personal services. This includes customer needs assessment, meeting quality standards for services, and evaluation of customer satisfaction. Administration and Management -- Knowledge of business and management principles involved in strategic planning, resource allocation, human resources modeling, leadership technique, production methods, and coordination of people and resources. Transportation -- Knowledge of principles and methods for moving people or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including the relative costs and benefits. Public Safety and Security -- Knowledge of relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and strategies to promote effective local, state, or national security operations for the protection of people, data, property, and institutions. Skill Requirements for: "CIVIL ENGINEER" Mathematics -- Using mathematics to solve problems.

Critical Thinking -- Using logic and reasoning to identify the strengths and weaknesses of alternative solutions, conclusions or approaches to problems. Science -- Using scientific rules and methods to solve problems. Active Listening -- Giving full attention to what other people are saying, taking time to understand the points being made, asking questions as appropriate, and not interrupting at inappropriate times. Reading Comprehension -- Understanding written sentences and paragraphs in work related documents. Active Learning -- Understanding the implications of new information for both current and future problem-solving and decision-making. Complex Problem Solving -- Identifying complex problems and reviewing related information to develop and evaluate options and implement solutions. Monitoring -- Monitoring/Assessing performance of yourself, other individuals, or organizations to make improvements or take corrective action. Negotiation -- Bringing others together and trying to reconcile differences. Judgment and Decision Making -- Considering the relative costs and benefits of potential actions to choose the most appropriate one.

Ability Requirements for: "CIVIL ENGINEER" Deductive Reasoning -- The ability to apply general rules to specific problems to produce answers that make sense. Oral Expression -- The ability to communicate information and ideas in speaking so others will understand. Problem Sensitivity -- The ability to tell when something is wrong or is likely to go wrong. It does not involve solving the problem, only recognizing there is a problem. Written Comprehension -- The ability to read and understand information and ideas presented in writing. Near Vision -- The ability to see details at close range (within a few feet of the observer). Oral Comprehension -- The ability to listen to and understand information and ideas presented through spoken words and sentences. Information Ordering -- The ability to arrange things or actions in a certain order or pattern according to a specific rule or set of rules (e.g., patterns of numbers, letters, words, pictures, mathematical operations). Speech Clarity -- The ability to speak clearly so others can understand you. Visualization -- The ability to imagine how something will look after it is moved around or when its parts are moved or rearranged.

Originality -- The ability to come up with unusual or clever ideas about a given topic or situation, or to develop creative ways to solve a problem.

JOB PROSPECTS There are excellent job opportunities in civil engineering both in public and private sectors. The government departments like public health, irrigation or public works offer ample job opportunities to civil engineering graduates. However, the probability of finding jobs in private sector is more as compared to government sector. A fresh graduate of civil engineering one can also look for jobs in road projects, building work, consultancy firms, quality testing laboratories or housing societies. According to experts, there is a high demand for experienced civil engineers in developed countries. Hundreds of civil engineers migrate from India to Canada, Australia and other countries for better career prospects. According to an estimate, over 50,000 new jobs in the civil engineering sector are coming up every year across the country in the private sector. The Centre has announced to invest over Rs 50,000 crore in the infrastructure sector in the next few years. Overall job opportunities in civil engineering are expected to be good, and, indeed, prospects will be excellent in certain specialties. In addition to openings from job growth, many openings will be created by the need to replace current engineers who retire; transfer to management, sales, or other occupations; or leave engineering for other reasons. Many engineers work on long-term research and development projects or in other activities that continue even during economic slowdowns. It is important for engineers, as it is for workers in other technical and scientific occupations, to continue their education throughout their careers, because much of their value to their employer depends on their knowledge of the latest technology. Civil engineers are expected to have employment growth of 24 percent over the projections decade, much faster than the average for all occupations. Spurred by general population growth and the related need to improve the Nation's infrastructure, more civil engineers will be needed to design and construct or expand transportation, water supply, and pollution control systems, and buildings and building complexes. They also will be needed to repair or replace existing roads, bridges, and other public structures. Because construction industries and architectural, engineering, and related services employ many civil engineers, employment opportunities will vary by geographic area and may decrease during economic slowdowns, when construction is often curtailed. But, the most frequently asked question is what exactly the work of a civil engineer is because most of the people who are looking for opportunities to work in a certain field would like to have a thorough knowledge about it. A civil engineer is a person responsible for designing,

administering the construction of public structure, facilities, roads, bridges etc. As a matter of fact now civil engineering can be further subdivided into many more fields like architectural engineering, mechanical engineering etc. Most of the employment opportunities demand for specific types of specializations suitable for the respective job profile. Civil engineering and jobs in India mostly start on a low responsibility note. The tasks become more and more responsible as they demonstrate their level of proficiency in the required field. However the fine points of their career path can fluctuate sometimes. The basic qualification that is needed is a bachelor in engineering. Of course one can always add on further qualifications. One very important thing is that all those who seek to study civil engineering should have a strong background in Mathematics and Physical sciences. Civil engineers often work in diverse settings varying from plush modern offices to job sites in extremely remote areas. One thing is for sure that the job often involves frequenttraveling. Most of the engineers work in teams or in synchronization with a lot of other engineers. They can also work as autonomous consultants. There are varied fields of interest with civil engineer jobs in India. They are mostly structural, water resources, environmental, geo-technical etc. Another vital thing to be discussed is the remuneration part that totally depends upon the type of industry. They can work in state or central government or private concerns etc or overseas civil engineering jobs. But whatever the work, the salary is given in quite a balanced proportion. There may be variations in the salary but on the whole the job of civil engineering is quite in demand in India. The period through 2012 is projected to hold growth and potential for civil engineers. Due to the growth of population and the need for better infrastructural as well as security services, civil engineers will be required to build and design larger and safer buildings, complexes, automobiles, as well as more durable water supply, sewage and pollution control mechanisms. Repairing existing roads, dams and other public conveniences will also be a major work allotment. Also, more jobs will be crated due to retirement and transfers of existing civil engineering professionals. Employment will differ according to geographic area because construction is undertaken where sites and land can be developed and employment opportunities will be affected due to economic booms and depressions, considering the flow and use of funds in the construction business. CERTIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT Beginning engineering graduates usually work under the supervision of experienced engineers and, in large companies, also may receive formal classroom or seminar-type training. As new engineers gain knowledge and experience, they are assigned more difficult projects with greater independence to develop designs, solve problems, and make decisions. Engineers may advance to become technical specialists or to supervise a staff or team of engineers and technicians. Some eventually may become engineering managers or enter other managerial or sales jobs. In

sales, an engineering background enables them to discuss a product's technical aspects and assist in product planning, installation, and use. Attending Seminars and Conferences will let the civil engineers to learn about the new technology and methodologies adopted in civil engineering field.

SOME OF THE TOP INDIAN COMPANIES OFFERING JOBS

IVRCL Infrastructures & Projects Ltd Jaypee Group Larsen & Toubro Macro Marvel Infrastructure Corporation Limited Nircon Engineering Consultants Gammon India Limited
Employment Facts: Engineers held 1.6 million jobs in 2008. The highest number of these jobs were in civil engineering (278,400), mechanical engineering (238,700), industrial engineering (214,800), electrical engineering (157,800) and electronic engineering, not including computer engineering (143,700).

Pay-Package A fresh graduate in civil engineering can expect a salary between Rs 10,000 and Rs 15,000 per month at the entry level. A diploma holder will get between Rs 8,000 and Rs 10,000 on an average. After three or four years experience on good projects, one can earn up to Rs 30,000 to 50,000 per month. There is no ceiling for the right candidates to progress in this field. Highest Salaries for Civil Engineering Jobs (in Top Ten Cities) 1. New Delhi, Delhi 2. Mumbai (Bombay), Maharashtra 3. Kolkata (Calcutta), West Bengal 4. Bangalore, Karnataka 5. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 6. Chennai (Madras), Tamil Nadu

7. Pune, Maharashtra 8. Noida, Uttar Pradesh 9. Ahmedabad, Gujarat 10. Chennai, Tamil Nadu BEST COLLEGES OFFERING CIVIL ENGINEERING COURSES BE/BTech course in Civil engineering is offered by almost all engineering colleges/technological universities including the IITs and NITs. The pioneer institutes are the Indian Institutes of Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, National Institutes of Technology, Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), College of Engineering and Technology (Anna University), Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University (JNTUH), Osmania University and several other state level engineering colleges such as CBIT, VNRVJIT etc. IITs ,NITs, BITS Pilani, JNTU, Osmania Engineering college, CBIT etc are few reputed colleges offering best education in Civil engineering. Some International Universities offering best education in civil engineering are: USA: Berkeley, University of California School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University Civil and Environmental Engineering, A. James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University Civil Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The Fu Foundation School of Engineering & Applied Science, Columbia University Australia: Queensland University of Technology Civil Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney School of Civil, Environmental and Mining Engineering, The University of Adelaide Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales Civil Engineering, Melbourne School of Engineering UK: Manchester University Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge Department of Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, University College, London Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southampton School of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds

Canada: McGill University Civil Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carleton University Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Science, Ryerson University

Distance Education Colleges in Civil Engineering in Andhra Pradesh Acharya Nagarjuna University Centre for Distance Education, Nagarjuna nagar (Andhra Pradesh) Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University School of Continuing and Distance Education, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) The Institute of Civil Engineers, Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh) OPP:ATI Ramanathapur , Hyderabad (Hyderabad Dist.) - 500013 PROS & CONS I'll start with the positive side, pros. First of all the work as a civil engineer is seldom routine. And that is when we work on one project and then go to the next one, they're enough different that you're not in a rut or you're not always doing the same thing all the time. Another pro of being a civil engineer, is that it's a well respected profession. You are considered a key member of the community and well liked in general. Another nice thing that a lot of guys like about civil engineering is it's neither an indoor nor an outdoor job. There are opportunities to be outside; there are opportunities to be inside. And so, you are not, again stuck in the same routine. And the other positive that I can think of is that as a profession it generally pays a little bit better than lots of other professions. Now on the other side, the cons of being a civil engineer, include, as civil engineers when we put together a set of plans or documents, if there are errors in those documents we are liable for them. And there can be a significant amount of liability exposure being a civil engineer. The second thing that I can think of is during an economic slowdown, as the amount of money that flows into the economic system pulls off a bit, there can be slow downs in the engineering profession. Less infrastructure is built; less money is spent on the things that we design. And so there are periods of time when as a civil engineer, you're not necessarily having a steady stream of income. Another con that I can think of is, as a servant, that is in a service industry, there is really a cap to the amount of money that you can make as a civil engineer.

And finally I would think that the key negative of being a civil engineer, is we have deadlines, we have obligations, we have duties to our clients. That means deadlines, and there can be a certain amount of stress in the profession. . Pros and Cons of Studying Civil Engineering Should a person choose civil engineering if he has long sight of curious things, innovations building and love to have action in life? Yes, he should. In most of the universities, there were only male students ten years ago but now trend changes female students change there trend and join the field of engineering with the male students. They have not taking interest in this field but also make their career in this field so that they have different career opportunities at the same time. What are the career opportunities available after graduation from university in the subject of civil engineering? Civil engineers have a shining career looking ahead of them in future but they must have to learn certain factors before being a good engineer like public safety for the construction of buildings and infrastructure. Many government projects are always available for a civil engineer to deal with although he is already a member of any firm that in takes the civil projects. But if you are a capable engineer and have well-rounded education, you won't need to worry because you can join Air force as well but this time there are also compensations that you should have to be part of. Thousands of engineers are graduating every year from different universities. Some get job but some not. The ones which won't get should not lose hope and just see that why others have been chosen and they not. With this way they will get jobs. After joining any company, an engineer must show their heads his skills and strengths. When he will be able to do difficult tasks, that will be the time of his turn and after that his dreams will come true. At that time, the choice of company is all depend on him. Civil engineers are required every where, when construction is needed. So, slots are always present for the new engineers to join and start their career as a successful engineer.

*****************************************************************************************