Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SEP 2010
ISSUE 57
SEP 2010
ISSUE 57
Sponsor: Huawei COMMUNICATE Editorial Board, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Consultants: Hu Houkun, Xu Zhijun, Xu Wenwei, Ding Yun, Zhang Hongxi, Zhu Yonggang Editor-in-Chief: Gao Xianrui (sally@huawei.com) Editors: Liu Zhonglin, Li Xuefeng, Xu Peng, Xue Hua, Xu Ping Chen Yuhong, Huang Zhuojian, Yao Haifei, Long Ji Pan Tao, Zhu Wenli, Fan Ruijuan, Ranajit Sankar Dam Mike Bossick, Gary Maidment, Zhou Shumin Contributors: Zha Jun, You Yinyong, Li Heshun, Zhang Yufen, Fu Yu Qu Haipeng, Luo Wenbin, Cai Tao, Lin Wei Zhou Feng, Gao Ge, Li Yanyan, Ye Xiaoming, Xu Meng Zhao Peiru, Wang Huaidong, Zhu Hong, Luo Jie E-mail: HWtech@huawei.com Tel: +86 755 28789348, 28789343 Fax: +86 755 28787923 Address: B1, Huawei Industrial Base, Bantian, Longgang, Shenzhen 518129, China Publication registration No.: Yue B No.10148
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. NO WARRANTY The contents of this document are for information purpose only, and provided as is. Except as required by applicable laws, no warranties of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are made in relation to contents of this document. To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, in no case shall Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd be liable for any special, incidental, indirect, or consequential damages, or lost profits, business, revenue, data, goodwill or anticipated savings arising out of or in connection with any use of this document.
Whats inside:
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News
01 BT fuels super-fast broadband deployment
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Cover Story
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The age of fiber: FTTx heralds the ultra-broadband era
FTTx has emerged as a high capacity, wide coverage, and low cost solution that is eco-friendly and can smoothly bear video services. Backed by mature technology, reduced costs, government support, and increasingly open policies, FTTx is the new optimum choice for operators.
By Zhou Feng & Liu Zhonglin
02 Maxis cooperates with Huawei to build and manage its Next-Generation High-Speed Internet network
Experts Forum
03 Ron Kline from Ovums Research:
Main Topic
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Lets COMMUNICATE beyond technology and share understandings of the latest industry trends, successful operational cases, leading technologies and more. Based on in-depth analysis of the matters that lie close to your heart, we will help you stay on top in the competitive telecom industry.
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How to Operate
27 China Telecom shares its FTTH recipe
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News
BT fuels super-fast broadband deployment
London, UK, 26 August 2010, Huawei has further strengthened its strategic partnership with BT by providing a number of access products to support BTs Openreach division in the deployment of the companys new national fibre network. BT is planning to spend an extra 1 billion on its nextgeneration broadband network to bring super-fast broadband to two-thirds of UK households by 2015, subject to an acceptable environment for investment. As one of BTs strategic partners, Huawei is dedicated to providing BT with professional solutions to fulfill the requirements of BTs Next Generation Access network. Huaweis unique SingleFAN solution is based on an open and unified platform, enabling Openreach to significantly reduce operation and maintenance costs. Huaweis SingleFAN solution also offers a future-proof platform for communications providers using the Openreach network to roll out multi-play services to residential and business customers.
Maxis cooperates with Huawei to build and manage its Next-Generation High-Speed Internet network
Kuala Lumpur, 26 August 2010, Maxis Berhad (Maxis), Malaysia's leading integrated communications provider, announced that it has selected Huawei as its exclusive supplier for its Next-Generation High-Speed Internet network, including the building and managing of a full-service FTTx network using GPON technologies. This will offer Maxis subscribers fresh fixed-mobile convergence (FMC) services, which will include High Speed Internet services after its completion within the year. An agreement was inked on 19 August in Kuala Lumpur to formalise the partnership between Maxis and Huawei. Under the
agreement, Huawei will deliver an end-to-end turnkey services package that includes active and passive equipment, holistic Optical Distribution Network (ODN) designs, and construction management for the construction of Maxis' Next-Generation HighSpeed Internet network. Upon completion of the project, a network of homes in Klang Valley, Penang and Johor Bahru will be connected on a last mile basis, using fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) wired technologies. In addition to designing and building the active network infrastructure, Huawei will also manage the FTTH network for three years.
onstructing a cost-effective metro network marks the route to lowering costs and meeting future service requirements. It is vital to choose a practical evolutionary p a t h f o r l e g a c y m e t ro n e t w o rk s a s customers needs are evolving, bringing increased traffic to networks.
Two directions
Mr. KIine comments that, Operators are evolving their metro networks in two directions Ethernet and optical transport networks (OTN). This helps operators support the high bandwidth and fine granularity requirements of todays networks. Ethernet is quickly gaining favor over SONET/SDH by providing operators with less expensive interfaces and easy connections to corporate and residential networks. OTN enables secure and reliable transmission of Ethernet, SDH/SONET and other high-speed services in the metro network. OTN also provides the similar protection capabilities as SDH which operators have come to depend on. Metro Ethernet has become a generic trend in North America. Nearly all operators in the North American market have a strategy to upgrade their networks to
support Ethernet. These differ depending on direction; some would utilize Ethernet over copper, while others want only fiberbased Ethernet using native Ethernet protocols, or apply Ethernet over SONET. Its a very mixed environment, yet the trend is to move to a more intelligent service like VPLS, as opposed to the standard Ethernet private line service. In emerging markets, he envisages more green-field applications and expects greater application of aggregation equipment, such as converged packet optical (CPO), that incorporates SDH/ SONET, Ethernet and WDM in a single platform, instead of traditional standalone network elements like MSPP, Ethernet switches and metro WDM.
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dont want to put in equipment and then have to replace it. They need equipment that can evolve, so they just put in new interfaces, upgrade software and provide the needed functionalities at lower costs.
interfaces on the routers to reduce network latency. Huawei has performed very well in the 40G area gaining many customers in 2009. For 100G, the industry still has some catching up to do in commercializing products, however, development is moving quickly and we expect that market to take off in 2012.
Managing bandwidth
Bandwidth management is also a key factor to manage the exploding growth of traffic. Bandwidth management comes in a number of different places on a network, including the metro and backbone layers. Were starting to see some interesting activities in this area, which picked up substantially over the second half of 2009, and will continue to do so in 2010 and beyond most notably in the higher capacity backbone cross connect, which is now migrating to OTN. A number of vendors introduced OTN cross-connects in 2009 and future applications are highly anticipated. In the North American market, Mr. Kline comments that, Operators are facing increased data traffic generated by smart phones like iPhone, and are adding more T1s to their sites to expand bandwidth. I dont think it will have a large impact on the network because those T1s go through existing DCS 3/1 bandwidth management devices. However, bandwidth management on the access layer is moving towards smaller layer 2 packet-based devices, which reflects a more general change compared with the legacy TDM plus bandwidth management model. In North America, AT&T and Verizon are now investigating the use of OTN crossconnects to streamline their network. Mr. Kline believes recent tender activity by these operators signals a chance to apply OTN cross-connect in backbone mesh networks. Editor: Gao Xianrui sally@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
Backbone transformation
One thing operators can do is use OTN to increase the intelligence of optical equipment, such as Ethernet layer 2 switching. OTN can provide large granularity dispatching, traffic grooming, and link protection, while its interaction with the IP layer can help operators efficiently free up core router capacity. By bypassing routers, operators can redirect IP traffic to the optical layer, allowing packet flows to reach their destinations without going through every hop. Regarding the IP and OTN synergy solution lunched by Huawei, Mr. Kline notes that it is in line with the thinking of operators and the future architecture of their networks. The Huawei network product line did quite well in 2009. With the help of a surge in spending on 3G in China, Huawei has outperformed other vendors to become No.1 in the optical network area. Huawei is strong in nearly every region, though not yet in North America; however, I expect some changes in the coming months as Huawei has strengthened cooperation with its partners in the region. Another major trend is the continued growth of routers and the pipes between them. From my perspective, the best thing the operators could do would be to put the higher level 40G and 100G
Yoichi Maeda is the chairman of ITU-T Study Group 15. He now works for the NTT Advanced Technology Corporation and leads its standardization initiative, acting as Senior Advisor. Since 1989 he has been an active participant in ITU-T SGs 13 and 15. In October 2008, at WTSA-08, he was appointed to the chair of ITU-T SG15 for the 2009-2012 study period for his second term.
efore serving as ITU-T SG15 c h a i r m a n , Yo i c h i M a e d a chaired the Optical Access Network Working Group of Full Service Access Network (FSAN). As a leader of the PON area, he has been instrumental in the development of ITU-T TDM PON standards from APON to G-PON. He believes the 10G-PON standard is making solid progress, In the area of access networks, great progress was made at the June SG15 meeting. We agreed one amendment G.984.4 Am3 and one new recommendation G.984.7 for the G-PON G.984 series. Three documents were agreed for the XG-PON G.987 series: G.987, G.987.2 rev, and G.987.3, and the supplement, G.sup.MACPHY-interface, was accepted. The new recommendation, G.988, was also agreed. Future tasks include improving the XG-PON series; for example, G.987. re; amendments to describe 5Gbps upstream; the development of G.9980, and maintenance. The meeting has led the way for the future application of PON to support the broadband access network infrastructure.
and EPON standards. It can seamlessly evolve from 1G G-PON and continue to support full-service operations. The industry expects the 10G-PON standard to be compatible with G-PON, but deliver higher bandwidth. Published by ITU-T, FSAN proposed the G-PON standard in 2002. Unlike similar optical access standards, the G-PON standard has mostly been promoted by telecom operators, industry vendors, and exper ts. Rigorously defined, the standard comprehensively addresses issues such as bandwidth, service bearing, and management and maintenance. It is thus believed that G-PON is the optimum choice for full-service provision and tri-network integration applications. Shortly after G-PON standardization, FSAN and the ITU-T began researching and accelerating the ratification of next-generation PON standards. This represents the first step of G-PONs evolutionary path to realizing a low cost and high capacity network that offers wide coverage, full service provision, and strong connectivity, FSAN began 10G-PON study in 2006, the first phased result of which w a s a w h i t e p a p e r c ov e r i n g N G PON1. Released in September 2009, the white paper defined the framework, system requirements, and physical layer specifications for 10G-PON technology, and laid the foundation for the subsequent general and physical layer specifications released in October
2009. By this time, the main body of the 10G-PON standard had been on the way to be gradually ratified. Yoichi Maeda is optimistic about the 10G-PON standard, The main body of the 10G(D/S)/2.5G(U/S) 10G-PON standard was agreed in the June SG15 meeting. The draft recommendations have already entered the last call comments in the AAP approval process and will be completed soon.
World-leading operators have tailored the OMCI standard to their own networking and O&M requirements. The standard enables them to flexibly combine any of the management capabilities of configuration, fault, performance, and security into a full management and maintenance system that suits specific network conditions.
Future interoperability scenarios will be promoted by ITU-T TSB and will be demonstrated in the World Telecom 2011 event in Geneva. World-leading operators have tailored the OMCI standard to their own networking and O&M requirements. The standard enables them to flexibly combine any of the management capabilities of configuration, fault, performance, and security into a full management and maintenance system that suits specific network conditions. As well as giving operators a worldwide purchasing platform, the standard can swiftly evolve global applications into a driving force for the industry chain, thus cutting investment costs through economies of scale and consolidating FTTx network development.
Smooth evolution
By inheriting the same topology as G-PON, 10G-PON can coexist seamlessly with G-PON or EPON. The 10G-PON ODN system is fully compatible with existing fibers, optical splitters, and connectors. By replacing ONT/ONU modules and adding 10 Gbps interface boards to the OLT, the system can maximize the commercial value of ODN equipment. The technology can seamlessly evolve from PON to 10G-PON, and O&M can be carried out without changing external devices and connections or upgrading subscriber terminals. This is welcome news for the operators currently active in deploying PON FTTx, as 10G-PON technology can protect their investments.
Superb interoperability
10G-PON technology inherently possesses strong interoperability. One of the most important aspects for operators is interoperability, and 10G-PON is naturally interoperable. G.988 has developed directly from G.984.4 and G.impl984.4. The essential features of G-PON OMCI are supported by G.988.
access solutions and develop a standard for optical access network equipment. Equipment compatible with this standard can provide a combination of voice, data, and image service capabilities. To date, FSAN has grown to comprise over 80 leading operators, vendors, and chip makers, including AT&T, China Telecom, China Mobile, China Unicom, Bell Canada, British Telecom, France Telecom, NTT, Telefonica, Verizon, and vendors like Huawei. S i n c e No v e m b e r 2 0 0 8 , F S A N has aggressively pursued a definitive 10G-PON standard. Verizon, France Telecom, Telecom Italia, Telefonica, and China Mobile have conducted 10G-PON tests and pilot offices, and leading equipment vendors - including Huawei - have developed prototype devices for 10G-PON. Optical module vendors, including Neophotonics, Source Photonics, and Hisense, have developed 10G-PON-compliant optical modules. Analysts expect the industrys concerted efforts to catalyze the launch of 10G-PON products on a small scale in 2011 to meet soaring bandwidth demands. During the standard-setting process, Yoichi Maeda was deeply impressed by Chinas strength. This was evidenced by the number of Chinese operators and vendors participating in the 10G-PON standard from the outset, and also by the increasing number of Chinese firms joining FSAN. I n p a r t i c u l a r, M r. M a e d a w a s impressed by Huaweis contribution. I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to Huaweis contribution and leadership in the G-PON and XG-PON1 standardization work, not only in the high-value proposals, but also in the administrative tasks, I think Huawei encourages all PON vendors to work collaboratively for ITU-T standards. Editor: Xu Peng xupeng@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
Ao Li currently serves as the member of the Chinese expert panel in ITU-T SG15, Vice-director of the Communications Standards Research Center of the China Academy of Telecommunication Research at Ministry of Information and Industry Technology, Vice-chairman and AN workgroup leader of the Transport Network and Access Network Technology Committee of China Communications Standards Association.
n addition to the narrowband PON and BPON technologies developed by the ITU-T last centur y, the evolution of PON technology has three other stages starting with the past and the next decades. Stage 1: In 2001 and 2002, the IEEE and FSAN/ITU-T proposed EPON and GPON concepts, ushering PON technology into the 1Gbps era. Since 2004, when Japan first adopted EPON technology, both EPON and GPON technologies and the ecosystem have matured. Deployed on a massive scale, the two technologies emerged as market leaders during the next three years. Stage 2: As the 1Gbps PON technology became increasingly matured, the IEEE and FSAN/ITU-T began researching 10G PON technology in 2008, signifying the beginning of the 10Gbps era. The IEEE continued with the previous technology roadmap that slightly extends Ethernet technology, and released the 10G EPON standard in September 2009. Soon after, the ITU-T launched an initiative to set 10G GPON standards based on the GPON technology roadmap and formulated a series of standards in mid-2010. Driven by the
growing demand for bandwidth and increasing market competition and given a combination of industry maturity and cost, 10G PON technology is expected to be commercialized on a small scale in 2011 at the earliest. Stage 3: Post-10G PON era. It remains unclear which technologies will be applied in the post-10G PON era. The IEEE has stayed at the forefront of PON technology research efforts, but has no plans to delve into this area. FSAN has explored the topic but has yet to arrive at any concrete conclusions. WDM and WDM/TDM-based technologies may represent the trend, but OFDM and OCDMA technologies are the likely candidates in the PON area.
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GPON ONU management and maintenance specifications (G.988). Service interoperability is essential for resource sharing across the global industry chain. In November 2009, the IEEE formed an SIEPON workgroup to draft a global interoperability standard for 10G EPON, hoping to eliminate the interoperability bottleneck in global development. Based on the existing EPON enterprise standards of operators like China Telecom and NTT, SIEPON expects the 10G EPON standard to be swiftly deployed once it becomes available in 2012. Currently, the regional service interoperability standards are being drafted, tested and verified. 10G GPON differs from 10G EPON. In terms of service interoperability, the 10G GPON standard has matured globally. As there are few 10G GPON devices available, service interoperability testing and verification has not even started.
Ecosystem development
In addition to standardization, telecom operators aggressively researched and explored ways to put the 10G GPON standard into industrial applications in 2009 and 2010. 10G EPON: China Telecom organized a chip interoperation test in 2009. China Unicom and China Mobile also conducted technical assessment tests in the first half of 2010 and pilot projects intended for technical research are also underway. These efforts have paved the way for operators to introduce 10G EPON technology and formulate enterprise standards and testing specifications. According to the results of current tests, the 10G EPON ecosystem needs further development. Core chips are not all ASIC-based yet. We expect there would be two or three chip vendors, such as Broadcom, PMC, and Opulan, are going to provide a complete range of ASIC chip solutions, including OLT and ONU in the middle of 2011. And ASIC chips for use in OLTs will be available in the second half of 2010. 10G GPON: To explore the potential
of the technology, European, U.S. and Chinese operators, like Verizon, FT, TI, Telefonica, PT, China Mobile, and China Unicom, have organized 10G GPON technical assessment tests, which were attended by leading equipment vendors including Huawei. Currently, a laboratory sample has been developed for the 10G GPON system, which uses a FPGA-based core chip. In addition, 10G/2.5G optical modules with optical power exceeding 30 dBm are available. Recently, some chip makers announced plan to provide ONU and OLT ASIC in the second half of 2011. However, in general, the 10G GPON ecosystem still remains immature.
the broadband access market. In response, operators will step up efforts to construct and upgrade fiber access networks, making 100Mbps fiber home access possible. Due to its high population density, the country is relying heavily on FTTB. Each OLT port supports 256 or up to 512 subscribers, compared with 1/2.5Gbps for xPON. The EPON technology provides an average of 8Mbps for each subscriber given a 50% concurrent access rate, compared with an average of 20Mbps per GPON subscriber. This falls far behind the demand for ultra-high bandwidth of 50Mbps or more and leads operators to embrace 10G PON technology. Under the FTTB model, the cost is relatively lower. Optical modules and MAC chips in MDU equipment account for only 20% of the total cost. Additionally, the cost is shared by scores of subscribers and is thereby reduced. FTTB is the most robust scenario for 10G PON technology during the first three years of deployment. In response to the convergence in three networks policy, Chinese operators are planning to adjust the strategy and aggressively promote FTTH/O deployment. Whether 10G PON will become a leading FTTH technology depends largely on the cost factor in addition to technology and equipment maturity. The 10G PON cost must be steeply reduced. In particular, the cost of the 10G PON ONU should be lowered to close to the cost for GEPON/GPON ONU over the short term. Notably, the price of 10G PON optical modules and MAC chips are several times higher than GEPON/GPON modules. Given a convergence ratio of 50% and a split rate of 1:32, GEPON/ GPON technology can increase the average FTTH bandwidth per subscriber to 50Mbps/100Mbps or more. This lowers the aggregate cost per subscriber to a fully acceptable level for the market.
Editor: Liu Zhonglin liuzhonglin@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
Cover Story
The age of fiber: FTTx heralds the ultra-broadband era
FTTx heralds the ultraIPTV, HDTV, 3D services, and video conferencing are among the applications that epitomize the new ultrabroadband era and demand great things from broadband access networks. FTTx has emerged as a high capacity, wide coverage, and low cost solution that is eco-friendly and can smoothly bear video services. Backed by mature technology, reduced costs, government support, and increasingly open policies, FTTx is the new optimum choice for operators.
By Zhou Feng & Liu Zhonglin
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broadband era
lobal Industry Analysts predicts that the number of FTTH/B users will reach 183.9 million by 2015, and that this upsurge will be powered by greater bandwidth demands, the growth in bundled services, and the replacement of copper with fiber. Global trends testify to the above analysis: In the U.S., Verizon is planning to extend its FiOS service to 18 million homes with a GPON-based FTTH network. In Europe, BT has accelerated its optical network rollout, and has a l re a d y b e g u n d e p l oy i n g F T T H . The British giant has earmarked 1.5
billion pounds for its fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) network, with deployment scheduled for 2012. In March 2009, Deutsche Telekom (DT) announced a 3-year investment package totaling 10 billion euros in fiber optics, new mobile communications technologies and IT processes. The German operator is also seeking to increase the number of FTTH users to 4 million by 2012. In the Asia-Pacific region, Japan had already passed 13 million households with FTTH by the end of 2009 to decisively lead the regions FTTx field. In 2006, Singapore initiated its 700 million-USD iN2015 strategy to construct a nationwide FTTH network during 20102012. In the Middle East, the UAE announced that Abu Dhabi is now the worlds first capital to be entirely wired with fiber. As a regional technology leader, Etisalat plans to construct a nationwide FTTH network by 2011. Additionally, nationwide fiber networks are currently and rapidly being built in Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait. FTTx network construction in China began in 2007. The big three China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom have all initiated massive FTTx deployment schemes, totaling tens of millions of lines. In 2010, China kicked off its ambitious plan to converge telecommunications, broadcasting and the Internet, which is underpinned by a 1 5 0 b i l l i o n R M B ( a b o u t 2 2 billion USD) investment to boost fiber broadband rollout over three years. Thanks to government support, FTTH construction in China sits confidently poised for large-scale inception. However, FTTx rollout is not a cut and dried exercise in simplicity: Service providers require guaranteed fair and open network access, the networks themselves need to be rapidly deployed to be viable, and CAPEX and OPEX as ever have to be minimized. Etisalat, Singapores Nucleus Connect and China Mobile provide us with valuable lessons from their FTTx deployment endeavors.
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Cover Story
The age of fiber: FTTx heralds the ultra-broadband era
Highly reliable, easy to maintain, and friendly to full-service operations, GPON is also Etisalats preferred choice for the enterprise market; when connected to its 3G base stations, an access network is created for home, enterprise, and mobile services.
requirements. Increased single node capacity requires highly reliable equipment. The Huawei OLT adopts active/standby mode for the main control unit, uplink unit, and power supply to provide 360-degree protection. Thanks to 1+1 protection for the interfaces, system reliability reaches 99.999%. To ensure rapid network deployment, Etisalat used Huaweis test lab to precisely mirror and simulate the network environment and perform an extreme capacity test on FTTH deployment. By the end of 2009, Et i s a l a t h a d d e p l o y e d a n F T T H network exceeding 1.4 million lines to create one of the worlds largest GPONbased FTTH networks.
Aiming to offer rich, high-quality broadband services to guests from all over the world, Etisalat and Huawei deployed a SingleFAN FTTx solution that will deliver diverse broadband services, including voice, high-speed Internet access and HD IPTV to Burj Khalifa, the tallest ever man-made structure.
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by layer to define responsibilities and reduce faulty operations. Etisalat has also introduced a full product series with high-level protection to meet the UAEs extreme climate. The dustproof outdoor cable transfer box features a protection level of IP65, and operates effectively even at 80C. The indoor products are also dustproof, and provide enhanced service connection rates. To boost engineering efficiency, Etisalat partnered with Huawei to train 1,000 network deployment staff in under four weeks. The two developed a scientific subcontractor management system, and updated indoor network deployment processes to clarify responsibilities. To respond to different scenarios, such as new or old buildings and buildings with or without ducts, Etisalat flexibly applied Huaweis solutions to double engineering efficiency.
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Cover Story
The age of fiber: FTTx heralds the ultra-broadband era
In April 2009, Nucleus Connect was selected to design, build and operate the active infrastructure of the Next Gen NBN. David Storrie, CEO of Nucleus Connect, believes that ensuring fair and open access for RSPs and reducing CAPEX are among the key factors to success. How did Nucleus Connect achieve these technically?
and VLAN switching. As a result, VLANs need not be re-planned when RSPs are changed. By selecting the OLT that supports hierarchical QoS, the operator can deliver differentiated service offerings.
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Following 16-month preparation, on Aug 31st of 2010, Nucleus Connect officially announced that it has commenced commercial operations to power infinite possibilities onboard Singapores Next Gen NBN. As its CEO David Storrie comments, Today marks a historical moment not only for Nucleus Connect but also for Singapores infocomm future as we transform Singapore into a global city, an intelligent nation.
(NMS) for network operation and service provisioning. The NMS provides adequate northbound interfaces that can rapidly connect with the thirdparty OSS/BSS. Moreover, the NMS supports unified management of data, transmission, and access devices to achieve visualized service provisioning and E2E service configuration. As a result, the service provisioning efficiency has been improved. Following 16-month preparation, on August 31st of 2010, Nucleus Connect officially announced that it has commenced commercial operations to power infinite possibilities onboard Singapores Next Gen NBN. As its CEO David Storrie comments, Today marks a historical moment not only for Nucleus Connect but also for Singapores infocomm future as we transform Singapore into a global city, an intelligent nation.
After acquiring fixed-line assets and a 3G license, China Mobile has been busy converging its fixed and mobile services in readiness for full service operations. To cultivate a leading position in this ne w business area, China Mobile Zhejiang needs to transform itself and address a range of challenges. Despite being a mobile leader, China Mobile Zhejiang has yet to develop a fixed network. Doing so requires a highly experienced partner, which prompted the operator to join hand with Huawei. Utilizing Huaweis strong R&D and E2E network capabilities, China Mobile Zhejiang has successfully planned and deployed its cutting-edge network and OSS through which it provides high-grade services.
To effectively explore the enterprise market, China Mobile Zhejiang and Huawei have innovated a new service portfolio, three examples of which are listed below: Convergent private branch exchange (PBX): A virtual PBX supports various terminals and provides the following services: uniform phone number, voice portal, corporate phone directory, shortnumber dialing, voice PBX, call center service, corporate management, and contact member management. Enterprise communication assistant: Includes VoIP, conference calling, and data sharing. This service boosts conferencing efficiency and reduces toll call fees. Convergent virtual private network (VPN): Enables fixed telephony, soft terminals, handset-sharing for the same number, and automatic call-switching. These functions combine to ensures that all incoming calls are answered quickly. By studying domestic and international experiences and its own network and market positioning, China Mobile Zhejiang selected IMS and GPON to build its full-service access network.
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ICT solutions thanks to its built-in router, firewall, anti-virus software, and IP PBX. The OT928, which provides broadband and E1 private lines, is designed for large enterprises with LANs and PBX. The Huawei FT Tx solution incorporates several QoS mechanisms and provides a configurable service priority for MANs to ensure E2E QoS. The ONU supports VLAN translation and QoS remarks and, once applied as the enterprise gateway, can help China Mobile Zhejiang realize uniform network planning and management. The Huawei convergent OLT directly connects to the MAN and MSTP to reduce the number of convergent devices.
lower the skill requirements, and eliminate the need for intensive training, thus reducing costs and complexity. Based on the actual circumstances surrounding its live network, China Mobile Zhejiang deployed centralized network management across the province. As a result, the NMS helps pre-deploy network elements, and realize the automatic commissioning and acceptance of ONUs en masse. Engineers only need to visit the site once for installation tasks, after which they can commission and accept site equipment through the NMS. As ONUs can be plug-and-play, the deployment workload was lowered and work efficiency was enhanced. By the end of 2009, China Mobile Zhejiang had successfully deployed over 250,000 FTTx lines and attracted nearly 40,000 subscribers. By building a full-service access network with IMS and GPON, China Mobile Zhejiang has entered the enterprise market with differentiated services, and has successfully transformed itself into a full-service operator.
Editor: Liu Zhonglin liuzhonglin@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
By the end of 2009, China Mobile Zhejiang had successfully deployed over 250,000 FTTx lines and attracted nearly 40,000 subscribers. By building an access network with IMS and GPON, China Mobile Zhejiang has successfully transformed itself into a full-service operator.
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Main Topic
Fiber-optic broadband
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said at the World Telecommunication and Information Society Day 2010, In todays world, telecommunications are more than just a basic service they are a means to promote development, improve society and save lives. After massive 3G investments, an increasing number of countries are deploying fiber-optic networks to enhance competitiveness and spur economic development. With increasingly mature technology, FTTx is more than ready to give operators a competitive edge and a stronger market position.
By Li Heshun
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Deutsche Telekom will invest over 10 billion euros in fiber optics, mobile technologies and IT processes.
France Telecom plans to invest around 2 billion euros by 2015 in fiber optics.
China began to build FTTx networks in 2007, and will invest over 22 billion USD in the fiber-optic field.
has helped Japan acquire 17.14 million FTTH/B subscribers by the end of 2009. Etisalat plans to deploy a nationwide FTTH network in 2011, serving over 1 million customers. Singapore plans to invest 700 million USD by 2012 to build a nationwide FTTH network.
e-Japan strategy
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Main Topic
Broadband as a national strategy
ccording to Dr. Tim Kelly, the World Banks lead ICT policy specialist, broadband investment is a policy with no regrets. World Bank research indicates that a 10% increase in the penetration of broadband can produce a 1.4% increase in GDP and quickly help it to rise. An increasing number of developing countries have stepped up fiber-optic network deployment to build better ICT infrastructure and stimulate economic development. For countries with a lower per capita GDP, fiber-optic solutions provide an optimum choice due to the increasingly mature technology and a rising performance/price ratio. In many emerging markets, FTTC, FTTB, and FTTH projects are implemented with governmental support, international aid, or bank loans. These future-oriented technologies can enhance communications infrastructure, while avoiding duplicate construction of copper-based networks. Fiber-optic network deployment is strong in developed countries and accelerates economic development, promotes employment, creates greater telecom competition, while boosting the level of national competitiveness. The last-mile fiber-optic access can eliminate the bandwidth bottleneck resulting from twisted pair connections and accommodate future-oriented services like video communications & entertainment, telemedicine and distance learning. In 2009, President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, which allocated 787 billion USD to stimulate the economy, with 7.2 billion USD earmarked to optimize broadband access. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is now developing a National Broadband Plan to ensure that every American can access the Internet. Finland is the first country in the world to recognize broadband Internet access as the legal right of every citizen. Every permanent citizen has the basic 19
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right of accessing 1Mbps broadband in the first phase, and 100Mbps broadband by the end of 2015. The objective of the project is to ensure that more than 99% of the population is no further than two kilometers from a 100Mbps fiber-optic cable network. The Asia-Pacific region is also a major incubator of new technologies. To enhance the ICT infrastructure, governments in the Asia-Pacific region have enacted encouraging policies and some are directly investing in fiber-optic network deployment. Japan has been leading the world with 17.14 million FTTH/B subscribers by the end of 2009. With strong support from the government, Japan has launched the e-Japan strategy, including deploying FTTH for high speed broadband access. South Korea has also been actively engaged in fiber-optic network deployment. In September 2009, South Korea decided to spend 152.3 billion USD to develop IT convergence applications, software, key IT solutions, communications and the Internet over the next five years. By the end of 2009, South Korea had an FTTH/B subscriber base of 9.23 million. Singapore plans to invest 700 million USD by 2012 to build a nationwide FTTH network, covering 95% of the nation, and then the entire population by 2013. Malaysia has also released its National Broadband Initiative (NBI), planning to invest 2.2 billion
USD in FTTH deployment before 2015. In addition, Australia, New Zealand, Kuwait, Qatar, and others have unveiled a m b i t i o u s p l a n s t o d e ve l o p t h e i r national broadband strategies.
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challenges in terms of sustainable growth, competition and network deployment. Based on their substantial subscriber base and infrastructure, fixed operators are ramping up FTTH deployment to gain a more competitive edge in the market. American operators have accelerated FTTH deployment to better cope with intense competition from cable operators. In particular, MSOs plan to offer 100Mbps access for customers and increase the pressure on incumbents like Verizon and AT&T. In 2004, Verizon invested 23 billion USD to build an FTTH network, covering 18 million homes under the umbrella of the FiOS service. To date, the service covers 15.6 million homes. FTTH has enabled Verizon to increase ARPU when facing a declined fixed-line business. Dominating customer satisfaction surveys, FiOS has helped Verizon gain a substantial number of new broadband users and TV viewers. In October 2009, British Telecom unveiled a plan to spend 1.5 billion pounds building an FTTC network that will cover 40% of UK homes before 2012. By the end of 2010, the FTTC network will cover 4 million homes. In 2010, British Telecom announced adding an additional 1 billion pounds to fulfill the ambitious plan of covering twothirds of homes in the UK by 2015. BT has also accelerated FTTH deployment based on network infrastructure. In March 2010, Deutsche Telekom unveiled a high-speed broadband plan, under which it will invest over 10 billion euros in the next three years in fiber optics, new mobile communications technologies and IT processes. It is projected that by 2012, there will be an FTTH subscriber base of 4 million covering 10% of all homes in Germany. I n J a n u a r y 2 0 1 0 , t h e Fr e n c h government decided to spend 2 billion euros to improve the national broadband infrastructure and provide low-interest loans to encourage operators to build fiber-optic networks in large cities other than Paris. In February 2010, France Telecom announced a plan to invest around 2 billion euros by 2015 in fiber
optics and will roll-out ultra high-speed broadband in cities including Cannes, Montpellier and Orleans in 2010. As a technology leader in the Gulf region, Etisalat plans to deploy a nationwide FTTH network in 2011. In March 2010, Etisalat announced that more than 500,000 residential Al Shamil broadband subscribers have up to 30Mbps access speeds. By 2011, the subscriber base is projected to exceed 1 million and the broadband speed will reach 100Mbps. Other operators such as Portugal Telecom, Telekom Austria, and Telecom Italia have also released their FTTx strategies and are prepared to launch nationwide fiber-optics networks.
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he era of high-bandwidth networks is here, with the bulk of data traffic coming from big screen video services and bandwidth for each subscriber as high as 20 to 100Mbps. Over the next five years, network traffic will grow upwards of 50 to 100 times, exceeding Moores Law. The percentage of video traffic to network overall traffic will surge from 40% to 90% and it is likely that application developers will shift focus from pocket-size mobile phone screens to various big screen applications. In the high bandwidth era, the components of the broadband value chain, the pipeline, terminal, cloud applications and service, will have changed priorities. The value of a pipeline will grow more slowly and may even decline, while the high growth area will move to terminals, cloud applications and services. According to U.S. market statistics in April 2009, Google, the cloud computing leader, had sales revenue of 23.65 billion USD from cloud applications and services, compared with a market capitalization of 182.1 billion USD. AT&T, the leading pipeline provider, reported sales revenue of 123 billion USD, compared with a market capitalization of 155.7 billion USD. Apple, the leading terminal vendor, generated 42.9 billion USD in revenue, compared with a market capitalization of 219.7 billion USD. Pipeline providers earned more than cloud computing and terminal vendors but had lower market capitalizations. Their performance in capital markets has proven that high value and high growth areas are moving to services and terminals. Industry convergence has also increasingly blurred the boundaries between cloud computing, pipeline and terminal services and applications. For operators who want to be leaders in the
model to generate revenue from both partners and subscribers. The key here is to guarantee their subscribers service experience to create more opportunities for business partners and boost the pipelines profit from the partnerships.
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addition to basic features, such as HDTV, program recording, VOD, and time shift TV. A large group of content and application partners are essential to success in providing digital home services. In addition, user-generated content (UGC) is vital as IT development empowers any individual to develop a revolutionary application that suits a specific consumer group and swiftly promotes the application to the public. The semi-open home service platform must be able to attract a high number of developers to ensure an abundance of services. According to AT&T, six of its top ten advantages over cable operators are closely related to their broadband service support platform. The platform provides an application running environment to support a wide range of digital home services and is open to operators and third-party developers. Operators can have very diversified home applications by sharing revenue with service providers.
and communication services, and a low-cost HD videoconferencing system delivering a quality experience. With the service platform, operators can also offer HD video content for big screens in public places, hi-fi digital transmission system for theatres, electronic healthcare and medical care and remote education services. For example, the HD videoconferencing system, amid increasing globalization, can help enterprises that have a worldwide business presence, cut transportation, communication, and traveling costs, as long as they provide a guaranteed user experience. Once used widely, the system is predicted to reduce global gasoline consumption by 5% and save 1.5 billion USD annually. The key to widely scaling the system is to lower the requirement for networking performance. For example, conference calls should remain unaffected in quality under a packet loss rate of 5% and remain uninterrupted despite a 20% packet loss rate and a network downtime of 20 seconds. In addition, different HD videoconferencing systems must be able to communicate seamlessly with one another to avoid overlapping of investment and low returns for enterprise users. Another important high bandwidth application is to broadcast ads, shopping guides and weather, and various public events to a targeted audience in a timely manner. The information is transmitted through the operators video service platform to big screens located in shopping malls, on buildings, streets, and in public places which are broadband enabled. This keeps the information up to date and more relevant. In addition, the two-way video platform helps collect users response to advertising and information and make an effective evaluation. Growing high bandwidth capability supports the development of many services, while the increasing demand for services drives broadband advances. As conditions vary with country and region, there is no set formula for services that can be profitable. However, an open service platform is a definite must for an operator to succeed. Operators need to actively engage partners in the value chain and jointly create a mutually beneficial model to attract home and enterprise subscribers by developing a strong service platform and offering personalized services. Editor: Liu Zhonglin liuzhonglin@huawei.com
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Main Topic
y the end of 2009, the epic sci-fi fantasy, Avatar, had grossed 2.7 billion USD globally. Its stunning 3D visuals took viewers to a whole new realm, deepening the cinematic sense of reality and immersion. The ripple effect of this 3D renaissance continues to spread. Soon after Avatar had seared itself into the worlds conscience, Shenzhen hosted the 3rd China International 3D World Forum & Exhibition to showcase a variety of 3D applications such as displays, movies, games, and digital cameras and video cameras. A big hit with attendees, the exhibition served to evidence the publics strong interest in all things 3D. As data networks shift to FTTx, 3D services are provided with a channel through which to enrich peoples home entertainment experiences. However, the opportunities of this phenomenon are of course balanced by challenges.
products in 2018 are high: 71 million handsets, 10 million display devices, 17 million notebooks, and 10 million digital cameras and video cameras. Content providers are boosting investment in the 3D field. In early 2010, Britains Sky TV was first to broadcast live Premier League matches with 3D technology, and now the company plans to launch a dedicated 3D TV channel. The general consensus among soccer fans during the 2010 World Cup was extremely positive after watching some of the games in 3D: It seemed as if the ball is flying straight at us after a shot on goal The effects really are stunning! In China, the State Administration of Radio, Film, and Television (SARFT) will formulate 3D transmission s t a n d a rd s , w h i l e t h e Mi n i s t r y o f Industry and Information Technology will establish TV equipment standards, according to sources with SARFT. And the preparatory work necessary to construct 3D TV channels is already underway.
Goodbye, 3D glasses
The distance between our eyes causes different images of the same object to form in the retinas of the left and right eyes. The brain processes the parallax between these different images to generate depth and three dimensions, and it is this process that 3D video technology seeks to replicate. At present, 3D can be experienced either with or without glasses. Unlike the current trend in movie theaters, the industry expects that glasses will not be required to watch 3D at home in the future. The technique to achieve this involves having different images to enter the viewers left and right eyes by partially blocking the visual lines to the screen. Currently there are two common technologies to display 3D images without glasses: Parallax Barrier and Lenticular. Technologies for 3D without
glasses, also enable multi-view display, which is especially of advantage in mobile environment, offering the potential for viewers to experience a fuller range of 3D images. For example, to create a 2-view 3D image of a face, the left- and right-ofcenter images can be shot in advance to enable a frontal 3D image when viewed from directly in front of the screen. However, due to the lack of shooting angles, only a 2D image can be seen if the viewer moves to the left or right. In contrast, multi-view 3D captures a broader range of 3D image angles, as a single object is shot from multiple angles. The front and sides of the face can be recorded and the 3D display will display both angles. When the viewer walks to the side, the 3D image including even the ears can be seen. This technique gives a much stronger feeling of presence. The industrys leading TV vendors are already developing products with multi-view technologies, ranging from 4 to 30 views. As the number of views increases, however, the size of video files will be much larger than the currently dominant 2-view video. Higher transmission and access bandwidth is thus needed to transmit multi-view video coding (MVC) files across a network.
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performance attributes: high quality coding efficiency, free coding structure, and solid network affinity. MVC also benefits from additional coding tools that enable time scalability, viewpoint scalability, and illumination compensation. While MVC is very suitable for 3D video compression, the traffic per view it generates is between 30% and 80% higher than equivalent 2D AVC content. MVC data traffic increases multiple times as more cameras are used to shoot different viewpoints. To realize the effective compression of massive data volumes and real-time interaction with users, various challenges exist with MVC data processing, storage capacity, and network transmission capacity.
The standardization of the 3D sector and the maturity of the 3D industry chain will cause demand for bandwidth to soar and inject new vitality into networks. For example, 8-view naked eye 3D TV requires a transmission rate of between 50 and 100Mbps. The industry has been continually improving the existing 3D compression algorithm and, as the number of home TV channels and 3D views increase, 100Mbps will become the basic access requirement for future high-end home customers. The demand for high bandwidth will explode and raises higher requirements for network transmission and exchange, access, and home interconnection technologies. Including Korea, Germany, and Britain, many developed countries launched national broadband development strategies in 2009 that centered on high bandwidth fiber
optic access. In April 2010, Chinas Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the Guidelines for Accelerating the Pace of Optical Fiber Broadband Network Construction. The document stipulates Chinas intention to expedite optical fiber broadband network construction, boost the nations information infrastructure, and formulate and refine regulatory measures for optical fiber broadband network construction. Looking ahead, global operators are driving towards a new fixed network era featuring high bandwidth and 3D video. Huawei is poised to move confidently with operators into this high bandwidth age. Editor: Pan Tao pantao@huawei.com
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How to Operate
China Telecom shares its FTTH recipe: bringing Shanghai up to speed
services and pressure from competition make the present moment the ideal time to roll out FTTH in Shanghai. By the end of 2010, the MONET of China Telecom Shanghai will cover 1.5 million homes and offices comprising 1 million FTTH and 0.5 million FTTB connections, says Zhang. Our goal is to get 300,000 MONET subscribers (at least 200,000 of whom are FTTH) this year.
Lowered costs
Back in 2005, FTTH cost about 730 USD per line; now the cost has dropped nearly 70% and is close to that of DSL or FTTB. FTTH cost has been greatly reduced and is ready for mass market deployment, says Zhang. The FTTH deployment cost can be further lowered when the actual installation rate is considered. The cost of connecting a household with FTTH, when shared, would be about 73 USD. It is more expensive, though, when the optical network unit (ONU) is used. The initial investment in FTTH can be reduced with a light coverage which means that while optical fiber needs to be deployed only once, the installed optical splitters, which should be of modular design, can be upgraded gradually. For example, in a building with 12 households, a 1:8 optical splitter can be first installed for 8 subscriptions, while more can be installed later if there are additional subscriptions. For an old community, a 1:4 optical splitter is first installed, and then a 1:8 splitter, if required. As the subscriber base increases over time, a gradual upgrade will help save initial investments greatly.
Zhang Jun, Deputy Chief Engineer of China Telecom Shanghai: The FTTH rollout is a revolution. It will not only radically transform the traditional technology, operation and maintenance and service provisioning, but also pose daunting challenges for the organizational structure and human resources management of operators .
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Innovation-based transformation
Boasting a large local access network, China Telecom Shanghai needed an optical distribution network (ODN) to accommodate various PON technologies. Its innovative spirit helped it build the ODN, and thus made the operator ready for the FTTH revolution in Shanghai. Innovative designs: China Telecom Shanghai has adopted single splitting in villa areas, with twolevel splitting in other areas. We originally used single splitting for all areas, but after comparing costs and efficiency, we found that two-level splitting has lower costs and higher efficiency, says Zhang. For this reason, we chose two-level splitting in apartment complexes, old neighborhoods and rural areas while using single splitting in villa areas, where buildings are less densely distributed. Innovative specifications: China Telecom Shanghai has developed 14 specifications for FTTx networking, resource and service configuration, engineering and acceptance, Power over Ethernet (PoE) technology, and more. These specifications can help solve practical issues encountered in network rollout and service provisioning, adds Zhang. Innovative products: To accommodate its fast-growing MONET, China Telecom Shanghai has also developed nine homemade products, including a fiber distribution terminal (FDT) without patch cords, a splitter box for corridors, and a home information box. Following the standard specifications, the products have standardized components, and the modules can be easily exchanged. In the past, the fiber pigtails of a box-shaped splitter were exposed and could be damaged by repeated engineering work during service activation, says Zhang. In that case, we would have to replace the whole splitter. The new splitter is equipped with blades and adapters, saving space and not requiring replacement because of damaged fiber pigtails. Adopting a modular design, the splitter can also be fitted into any of the operators fiber distribution equipment. Zhang also detailed China Telecom Shanghais unique fiber distribution equipment. According to him, optical cables generally have many connections, terminations, and branches when routed from the central office to end users. Both the feeder cable and distribution cable normally have to be terminated, with a patch cord connecting two adapters to continue the optical path. However, China Telecom Shanghais equipment is different in the sense that only the feeder cable is terminated, and the distribution cable is fusion spliced rather than terminated. The distribution cable is stored in the fiber spool box and is connected to the feeder cable
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How to Operate
China Telecom shares its FTTH recipe: bringing Shanghai up to speed using adapters when required. These practices bring benefits: for example, saving costs in adapters and patch cords, reducing faulty links, and lowering attenuation by 0.3dB to 0.5dB. As at least four to five terminations and fiber-distributions are required by an ODN, the above-mentioned practices help stretch the transmission distance by 4 to 5km. China Telecom Shanghais unique fiber distribution equipment,has won it two awards from the China Communications Standards Association (CCSA) and the Shanghai Government. Innovative O&M: After evaluating technologies, costs and actual needs, China Telecom Shanghai has adopted an innovative optical power detection system, instead of using the optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) to characterize an optical fiber. OTDR entails high investments about 148 million USD is required for a MONET connecting 5 million households. OTDR also needs strict management, as different fibers under a splitter are restricted to a specific distance. However, since subscribers are added gradually, who can predict the distance among fibers, and also is a precise distance an absolute must? asks Zhang. In China Telecom Shanghais optical power detection system, if the optical power budget of a subscriber deviates from the set range, the system can detect which ONU is faulty. If the optical power budgets of multiple ONUs deviate simultaneously, the system will initiate a logical analysis to locate the faulty splitter. Says Zhang: Assume that the two-level splitting is installed in the corridor. If four subscribers report faults simultaneously, it is certain that optical cables between the level-1 splitting and the level-2 splitting have problems. If only one subscriber reports faults, the problem should be in the line segment between the corridor and the subscriber. China Telecom Shanghai has a geographic information system (GIS) to display all the topology of cables and optical fibers, yet we still need to improve data accuracy. 29
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The operator further unifies data under an integrated resources management system, which helps to match the physical information of optical fibers and cables. In this case, fault location can be more accurate in a line segmented by branch connectors. To build the optical power detection system, China Telecom Shanghai joined hands with vendors to replace over 4,000 PON cards before the opening of Shanghai World Expo in May 2010. This has enabled optical power detection in all PON ports of the OLTs. The operator has developed an ODN fault diagnosis system based on optical power detection, and plans to adopt it for its entire network. China Telecom Shanghai is also exploring an ODTR-based ODN fault diagnosis system for business users. The adoption will depend on technology maturity, price and efficiency.
Sometimes if the engineers use ethanol or cotton to clean the fiber, or bend the fiber pigtails in a smaller radius, service provisioning can be easy, he adds. To s o l v e t h i s p r o b l e m , C h i n a Telecom Shanghai spent two months building a comprehensive training center for FTTx deployment at Nanxiang, a town in Shanghai. The first of its kind in China, the training center has trained more than 2,000 copper engineers, getting them ready for fiber rollout. The operator also arranged visits and workshops for its sister companies. According to a senior O&M manager at China Telecom Shanghai, if the engineers wear white gloves and take ethanol and cotton with them for indoor visits, then it is a sign that the FTTx training has worked. Zhang agrees, noting that professional training is key to the fiber transformation. We have our own ideas and develop the network and product specifications by ourselves, he adds. The independent R&D has enabled China Telecom Shanghai to gain a deep understanding into the specifications and details, and to become a leader in the FTTx field. Success lies in the details that is the operators FTTx motto. As a key project of China Telecom Shanghai, MONET will help transform the operators copper-based broadband network to fiber-based. The transformation in technologies, O&M and service provisioning will also bring changes to the operators organizational structure and human resources. With the convergence of the telecommunications, broadcasting and Internet networks, China Telecom Shanghai will enhance its effort in technology innovation and network transformation. As a result, we will contribute and enhance the information development in Shanghai, Zhang concludes.
Editor: Zhang Yufen zhangyufen@huawei.com
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Perspective
Tao of Business
Winners
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/winwin Contribution and suggestion is welcome. Email: HWtech@huawei.com Tel: +86 755-28789348
How to Operate
China Telecom goes all optical in Xian
to increase the fiber penetration rate for urban commercial buildings to 100%; to provide home subscribers with downlink bandwidths of 8 to 20Mbps and deliver fiber to the home (FTTH) access in developed areas; to extend fiber access to buildings in new urban areas with a focus on PON-based fiber to the building (FTTB) and FTTH construction and limit the distance of existing copper access in urban areas to 500 meters to give subscribers downlink broadband access at 20Mbps or faster; to bring fiber access to basically all villages in central and eastern rural areas of China and 80% of those in western rural areas, providing subscribers in fiber-covered villages with downlink access speeds of 4Mbps or higher. As part of this effort of China Telecom Group, China Telecom Xian began to build an FTTx network in 2007. The initiative coincided with the city of Xians
The FTTx network plan of China Telecom Xian is future-proof, taking into account the well-coordinated development of its entire network. To be specific, different network aspects require different priorities: bandwidth for the MAN, distribution for OLT offices, access capabilities for ONU sites, and sufficiency for fiber optic resources. First, the MAN bandwidth must be sufficiently large Service bandwidth will have to increase substantially with the fast growth of fiber-optic subscribers. Insufficient MAN bandwidth may result in degraded QoS and higher costs for future network optimization, so China Telecom Xian is adopting four 4010Gbps OTN rings that can smoothly evolve to 8010Gbps. S e c o n d , O LT o f f i c e s m u s t b e appropriately distributed. China Telecom Xian has deployed OLT offices according to the fiber channel resources available in the tandem offices and coverage distances
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to deliver coverage over a distance of up to 8km in urban areas and 16km in the suburbs. In addition to having large capacity, OLT equipment must support robust convergence to reduce convergence switch costs, flatten the network structure, and improve access capability. An existing ONU usually provides 48 to 256 ports. ONUs offering higher integration can simplify access point location and reduce power consumption. The ONU should also provide diverse ports such as ADSL2+, VDSL2, FE, and POTS ports, plus support hybrid installation in any slot to facilitate service provisioning and O&M. FTTx optical lines must be planned in advance to guarantee smooth FTTx construction. China Telecom Xian began to plan FTTH in 2008, hoping to bring FTTH access to 70% of the new buildings in 2010.
end bandwidth-hungry customers) and better user experience for voice services. More importantly, these two interface boards can be centrally managed and configured through the same NMS. The ONT/ONU triple-mode selfadaptive feature is highly suitable for China Telecom Xian. As the EPON, GPON, and GE optical modules support PnP, automatic system identification and configuration, they can help to drive down equipment costs and ease installation and maintenance. Previously, China Telecom Xian provided GPON and EPON interfaces separately on each device so that customers could choose. With this triplemode feature, the operator only needs to purchase one type of ONT module for use and backup. During installation, workers just need to ensure the required fiber output power while the NMS takes care of configuration and commissioning, making onsite installation much easier.
By replacing VDSL boards with VDSL2 boards in the ADSL subracks, the operator has increased VDSL2 service distribution in mature cells. As ADSL and VDSL2 services are independent, the model helps to achieve smooth service evolution without extra costs and conduct maintenance in a simple, unified way.
Impressive achievements
The efforts of China Telecom Xian in FTTx deployments have paid off. In comparison with copper wire networks, FTTx networks have proven to provide stronger service capabilities with lower TCO, hence more competitive and profitable. The FTTx network has helped the operator save on TCO by 10% and cut copper wire investments by 87%, raising the broadband penetration rate from 3.2% to 19% in 2009 and boosting the network profitability by 80%. The high level of integration from FTTx has allowed China Telecom Xian to slash the number of central offices from 45 to 15 and dramatically reduce real estate costs. In the office at Xiaozhai, a busy and densely populated area on the southern outskirts of Xian, the test terminal was previously housed on the first floor of a building facing Changan Road to the east within a prosperous thoroughfare. After replacing copper wiring with optical fibers, the operator moved out the test terminal equipment and freed up a space of 560 square meters. The space was then converted into multipurpose business facilities including a smart business hall, a CDMA terminal sales outlet, and stores. China Telecom Xian will accelerate its fiber deployment efforts to consolidate its FTTx network for the rest of 2010 to utilize its bandwidth advantages as part of a strategy to launch more service packages, continually improve subscriber experience, and achieve broadband access objectives.
Editor: Xue Hua xuehua@huawei.com
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How to Operate
China Telecom Quanzhou champions FTTx
ocated in the southeast of China, Quanzhou is one of Fujian provinces three prominent cities. An economic powerhouse, the city has boasted the highest GDP for 11 consecutive years in the province. It is also well-known for being the ancestral home to many overseas Chinese and Han Taiwanese, who have long been an important driving force behind its socioeconomic development by establishing factories or sponsoring charities. To improve the investment climate, IT infrastructure construction is picking up in Quanzhou, with optical access emerging as the mainstream broadband access mode. In 2006, China Telecom Quanzhou began researching fiber-optic access technology and developed an access layer ODN plan that trialed FTTx in one district, two towns, and three development zones. In 2009, the operator set the strategic goal of enabling 30Mbps services for residential users and 100Mbps services for business users. It has since been committed to building a highly competitive, all-optical network that can help local enterprises to evolve and grow. The operators FTTx deployment has involved developing a long-term strategic partnership with Huawei. As
part of the FTTx Strategy Research Program, both have jointly implemented research projects such as the Quanzhou FTTx Network Business Plan and Solution, Quanzhou ODN Planning and Construction Solution, Quanzhou FTTH Network Operations and Management Research Project, and Quanzhou FTTH Equipment Interface Standards Research and Equipment Functionality Improvement Project. Each has increased the experience of both parties and provided an insight into how to best optimize FTTx network construction, service provisioning, and O&M.
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maintenance personnel. China Telecom Quanzhou proactively approached O&M under a unified management system, which has significantly reduced the user complaint rate. Alarm analysis: To assist maintenance personnel in sharing experience for professional competence improvement, China Telecom Quanzhou has sorted out and simplified the mass of ONU alarm types and strengthened alarm root-cause analysis. It has also provided each maintenance engineer with analysis guidelines and solutions for each alarm type, with the solutions recorded in the alarm knowledge database. Fault diagnosis and location: China Telecom Quanzhou has used Huaweis professional line test system to tackle problems such as the complex ONU environment, the large number of ODN passive nodes, and difficulties in fault location. Able to rapidly determine if a problem exists in the optical fiber or the ONU, the system cooperates with the ONUs remote simulation test function to improve the fault location accuracy and shorten the troubleshooting time for improved customer satisfaction. Remote network monitoring: China Telecom Quanzhou has a mass of equipment installed in a range of complex scenarios. To minimize labor and maintenance costs, the operator remotely monitors the ONU environments and environment/power alarms so as to enable real-time status queries. It uses a remote centralized monitoring system to monitor performance and status of OLTs and ONUs in upstream and downstream directions. The system has effectively alleviated the onsite maintenance burden by automatically detecting and reporting the xPON port status and optical module parameters, and by monitoring the temperature, offset current, voltage, and optical power.
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China Telecom Quanzhou champions FTTx distribution of Internet access, VoIP, IPTV, enterprise private line, and mobile bearer services as each service has its own procedures and requirements. Therefore, the R&D Center of C h i n a Te l e c o m Qu a n z h o u b e g a n testing and verifying the configurations and planning the project based on the network environment and business demands. The resulting specifications served as direct, effective guidelines for the maintenance personnel in the various centers to distribute services in line with a workflow. In the event of a service distribution failure, the equipment automatically rolls back. Numerous business demands and frequent version upgrades affect new equipment at the initial stage of FTTx construction. To streamline the process, the automatic batch upgrade function can significantly facilitate upgrading the deployed ONT terminals. system and the centralized ONU predeployment system. Doing so has not only met the requirements for rapid and massive deployment but also provided a simple and clear management model for routine maintenance. now perform 50% of OLT and ONU commissioning and deployment on their own.
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A closer look
Mass FTTH ODN deployment
As FTTH networks are deployed on a massive scale, fiber will replace the copper wiring in connecting homes and enterprises, bringing radical changes to the last mile of access networks. As a critical and difficult aspect of FTTH deployment, the optical distribution network (ODN), strongly impacts the total cost, system performance and reliability of FTTH networks.
By Xue Qiang, China Unicom
Planning is key
here are three parts in an FTTH network: the optical line terminal (OLT), optical network terminal (ONT) and the optical distribution network (ODN). The ODN is an important component of the FTTH network, providing a physical channel for optical transmission between the OLT and ONU. It is usually comprised of fiber cables, optical connectors, optical dividers, and supporting devices that connect the components. The ODN has five components: feeder, optical cable distribution node, cable distribution part, cable access point and home access. An FTTH plan covers active devices (OLT and ONT) and a passive optical distribution network (ODN). While topology for active devices is quite
simple, ODN is more complex, and a key part of FTTH network planning. Within a radius of 20km or farther from the exchange to subscriber homes, the ODN needs numerous fibers, cables, passive nodes and massive engineering. Statistics show that the ODN cost accounts for 50% to 70% of the total FTTH investment. Appropriate ODN network planning is crucial to effectively guiding ODN construction and reining in the costs. To guarantee correct fiber routing, ODN planning must fully address considerations in OLT site selection, o u t d o o r c o n n e c t o r b ox l o c a t i o n , optical divider location, the utilization of existing pipes and cables and the distribution of target subscribers. For example, the OLT is generally located in the central equipment room to cover more subscribers with fewer nodes. Resources should be used more
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How to Operate
A closer look: mass FTTH ODN deployment efficiently through central optical division in the initial stage when subscribers are widely scattered. Operators must fully consider this situation during actual network construction to maximize ODN resource utilization and readily adapt to capacity expansion requirements. In addition, the architecture should be sufficiently stable and reliable to accommodate future network evolution. A future-proof ODN deployment underpins sustainable FTTH development. A suitable ODN plan helps to considerably reduce engineering, equipment and operating costs. Most operators draft a detailed network plan with the help of a specialized design institute or advisory body. This helps them prevent project risks and ensure business success. two phases may be implemented years apart and several construction teams are likely to work simultaneously, it is hard to define responsibilities and trace the causes of problems. Operators need to establish strict construction acceptance criteria to clearly define responsibilities and guarantee construction quality. In some cases, such as the massive national broadband construction in Singapore, a system integrator or general contractor is selected to oversee end-toend FTTH network quality. In this way, consistent engineering quality can be guaranteed and the operators expenditure on managing construction teams kept in check.
Quality is prerequisite
Successful FTTH network operations are largely contingent on QoS, which in turn hinges on ODN quality. As part of the FTTH network infrastructure, the ODN must be able to fulfill requirements over the next two decades or longer. As ODN construction involves large amounts of underground work and a long service life, a substandard ODN could incur high costs for reworking and reconstruction. ODN quality is determined by a combination of product and construction quality. Currently, the Chinese market lacks unified standards for ODN quality. As a result, ODN products from different vendors may vary widely in consistency, reliability, and performance. For outdoor products, their protection level, resistance to high and low temperatures and materials all affect performance and reliability. There is an urgent need for operators to establish a set of unified standards for ODN products. When it comes to construction quality, ODN engineering technology and processes are a must. For mass FTTH deployment, it is imperative for operators to have well-trained professional engineers, a complete set of specifications and systematic training. Fiber engineering is more sophisticated than copper wire networking. Indoor wiring is particularly a new domain for operators and must accommodate individual user requirements. Suitable indoor wiring guidelines are essential for high-quality engineering. Currently, operators often use subcontractors and ODN construction is usually divided into two phases: home pass and home entry. As the 37
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Huawei Communicate
a building. A new type of vertical distribution cable can be used directly without welding. Tailored for cable distribution in buildings, these solutions clear the way for distribution and increase distribution efficiency.
efficiency and simplify O&M procedures. By automatically identifying and collecting data on ODN fiber connections, workloads and errors resulting from manual recording, it gets rid of the hassle of duplicate task dispatching due to inaccurate data. Combined with visualized software running on PDAs and intelligent port indications on distribution devices, the solution supports automatic fiber and port search and location, significantly improving O&M efficiency and paving the way for sustainable FTTH network operation and management. In summary, a suitable ODN plan lays the groundwork for successful FTTH network deployment, while high-quality ODN deployment sets the stage for future operations. Swift service provisioning is essential for grabbing market share. Most importantly, only effective fiber resource management can sustain the operation and management of large networks. On June 8, 2010, over 50 fixed network operators attended the FTTH & Next Generation Access Summit 2010 in London to jointly explore ways to respond to challenges from mass FTTH deployment and s h a re e x p e r i e n c e s i n m a s s F T T H commercialization. During the conference, global operators including BT and leading vendors like Huawei demonstrated their ODN solutions for mass FTTH deployment. BT showcased its solution of deploying optical dividers in largecapacity connector boxes, which can simplify site acquisition and reduce link loss. Huawei unveiled its Easy ODN solution as a key part of its total SingleFAN FTTH solution. The onestop solution enables operators to accelerate FTTH deployment efforts and move optical access networks forward into an era of easy O&M.
Editor: Xu Peng xupeng@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
A suitable ODN plan lays the groundwork for successful FTTH network deployment, while highquality ODN deployment sets the stage for future operations. Swift service provisioning is essential for grabbing market share. Most importantly, only effective fiber resource management can sustain the operation and management of large networks.
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Dr. Gianluca Griffa joined Telecom Italia in 2001 and currently works in the Wireline Access
Infrastructure Innovation Department, where hes responsible for the project Innovative Solutions for Powering and Energy Efficiency in the Access Network. Hes also the secretary of the GeSI-EE IOCG Standardization Branch, and member of the ETNO Energy Task Force.
Introduction
t has recently become popular to express the carbon footprint, i.e.total set of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization, event or product. The reason is that CO2 emissions contribute to the acidification of our oceans and together with other greenhouse gases increase the greenhouse effect. All sectors of society should therefore try to identify and reduce CO2 emissions. The general trend for fixed broadband is that FT Tx will over take ADSL platforms and the number of FTTx subscribers is increasing exponentially. Another trend is that carbon emissions caps or taxes probably will be sooner or later introduced in a formal way. Currently, there is some sort of carbon tax confusion for the ICT industry regarding answers to the questions how? how much? and who will pay? Moreover, several standardization efforts are in progress with a carbon disclosure focus.
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Huawei foresees that life cycle assessment (LCA) will be the major tool for many years to come as presently there is no other accepted framework to estimate the environmental footprints of products and services. LCAs often make use of approximate figures and simulations and as a result the results are not very exact, but still useful. In life cycle simulations carbon dioxide emissions are rather straightforward to estimate compared to others and the energy used is often fossil based. The carbon analyses are inspiring a reborn awareness about resource conservation and efficiency. In this paper we present a unique LCA case study of fixed broadband networks. Through the LCA analysis it is possible to provide carbon emission value of the system under study in whole life cycle and to optimize it by finding the energy usage and carbon emission hotspots. The analysis result can also be taken as a reference of environment criteria for the selection of FTTx solutions for field network deployment.
Case study
Several LCA case studies of fixed networks have been performed prior to this study. They indicate that customer premise equipment (CPE) energy usage is a very important contributor to carbon footprint. However, transparency and spreading of result data are issues.
Goal
Taking this into account, Telecom Italia and Huawei have jointly performed a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis using the LCA software SimaPro in order to estimate the carbon footprint of the introduction of three different FTTx networks: FTTC (Fiber to the Cabinet), FTTB (Fiber to the Building), and FTTH (Fiber to the Home).
Scope definition
The architectural scope would be rather wide if all system nodes of a fixed network would be included and allocated to the specific network. The
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Dr. Anders S.G. Andrae is a Senior Expert of LCA Research at Huawei Technologies Sweden
since 2008. He is rapporteaur at ETSI for LCA standards, reviewer for LCA journals, and the author of 3 books and 29 journal and conference papers in the area of LCA.
transport and core network equipment such as LAN switches and routers are excluded as well as the PCs and already installed copper cables. Included is the fixed access network from the OLT on the Central Office to the ONU/ONT on the user side as well as the optical distribution network (ODN) connecting them. That is, the scope was chosen to highlight differences in between FTTC, FTTB, and FTTH technologies. Scenario development is unavoidable in LCA studies and here a greenfield and brownfield scenario for deployment was set according to Table 1.
For the environmental LCA the functional unit is broadband network in an Italian urban dense area for use by 10,000 homes during one year, and the system boundaries are from cradle-tograve. Typical for ICT networks is that the lifetime of system parts vary and this has to be handled when expressing the result annually. The lifetime of the studied FTTx networks was assumed to be 30 years and therefore the amounts of different hardware and cables is proportional to their lifetime. For example, 26 ton fiber cables are deployed for FTTH, but per year only 0.87 ton is used as the fiber cables can be in FTTH
20 apartments/ building
the ground for 30 years. Per year only 2,000 HGW (ONT) are used as their lifetime was assumed to be 5 years. The purifying and drawing of optical fiber in its production were excluded. Other excluded parts are splitters and distribution boxes. These parts were excluded as they likely are a small share of the total score. These omitted parts constitute the so called cutoff. The detailed architecture and parameters of each FTTx solutions were also defined. FTTH case is shown below in Fig. 1 as an example.
125 GPON
1:80
primary~ 1.3km
Fig. 1 Architecture for FTTH Table 1 Assumptions for greenfield and brownfield deployment in Italy Network type Deployment type Minitrench FTTC FTTB FTTH Greenfield scenario/ Greenfield scenario/ Greenfield scenario/ Brownfield scenario (%) Brownfield scenario (%) Brownfield scenario (%) 15/35 0/25 0/25 100/50 0/25 0/25 100/50
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How to Operate
Carbon efficiency evaluation of FTTx deployment
Table 2 High level LCA modules for FTTH with units for CO2e (kgCO2e per unit) Name 1. Optical fiber production 2. Transport model from China to Italy 3. Truck transports in Italy 4. Existing infrastructure deployment 5. Minitrench deployment 6. Traditional civil works deployment 7. Landfill optical fiber cables 8. Incineration optical fiber cables 9. Electricity, Italy 10. HGW ONT production 11. OLT FTTx production 12. Waste treatment PCBAs 13. Waste treatment cabinets 14. Waste treatment cables Unit kgCO2e/km kgCO2e/tonkm kgCO2e/tonkm kgCO2e/km kgCO2e/km kgCO2e/km kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/kWh kgCO2e/piece kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/kg
greenfield and brownfield deployment scenario, respectively. The production includes manufacturing of network equipment and transport of goods from China to Italy. Deployment includes manufacturing of site materials (e.g. concrete) and deployment operations. For all networks, the production, deployment and use phases are more important than others. The use stage is doubtlessly the main contributor to carbon footprint for the greenfield and brownfield deployment scenario both. The result is of comparable magnitude (per user) as earlier studies for FTTH. As shown by Fig. 2 for greenfield deployment, the CO2e results for FTTB and FTTH calculated by LCA are (on average) 70% higher than results calculated by multiplying the electricity usage by a CO 2 emission factor. For example, for FTTB the LCA derived result is 1,300 tons and the Use result is only 780 tons. It suggests that it is not enough to base the carbon footprint on electricity usage measurements alone, and therefore, an LCA approach is essential.
Interpretation
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The most important part of an LCA is the interpretation which includes contribution, uncertainty, and sensitivity analyses in which the robustness of the results is tested. According to contribution analysis (Fig. 2) the most important phases are Use, Deployment, and Production. Specifically for FTTH the most contributing processes are Italy electric production and diesel burnt in building machines. Uncertainty analysis in LCA investigates how the precision of used data influence the spread of the final score. The difference between the systems was shown to be enough to draw conclusions. Sensitivity analysis is usually performed by alternating the data for key system components allowing new scenarios which are compared them to the original. Fig. 2 on the right uses the values of Table 1 for a comparison of high power CPE greenfield and brownfield deployment scenarios. To further exemplify the sensitivity a n a l y s i s , i n Fi g . 3 t h e g re e n f i e l d deployment/high power CPE scenario is compared to a more realistic brownfield deployment/low power CPE scenario.
For the alternative brownfield deployment assumption, FTTB and FTTH use 100% and FTTC uses 70% of existing infrastructure (Table 1). The realistic low power hypothesis is that the HGWs are on full mode for 4 hours and in low power mode for 20. This reduced the electricity usage by more than 80% for these HGWs. For FTTH, the brownfield deployment/ low power scenario is 80% better than the greenfield deployment/high power CPE scenario. The saving potential shown in Figure 3 corresponds annually to around 10,000 normal cars (167g CO 2e/km) driven 587 km each. For FTTC controlling the power of the CPEs is more important than the technique used for deployment. For FTTB and FTTH the deployment technique becomes almost as important as the power mode. FTTC is better than FTTB and FTTH for greenfield deployment both for High and Low Power CPE. This is similar to TCO calculations which favour FTTC over FTTB and FTTH when a new fiber deployment has to be done. On the other hand, for the brownfield deployment/high power CPE scenario, i.e. when optical fibers have already been deployed, FTTH is better (770 tons) than FTTC (950 tons) and FTTB (1,000 tons). This means that the most important criteria from carbon point of view, when choosing an FTTx network, is whether fiber has been deployed or not. The brownfield deployment/low power scenario highlights FTTH as the winning architecture (220 tons compared to 580 for FTTB and 530 for FTTC).
Carbonefficiency analysis
Carbonefficiency is defined here as average bandwidth provided by each FTTx network divided by CO2 emissions for each FTTx network. As shown below in Fig. 4, FTTH is considerably more efficient (more output than input) than especially FTTC. FTTH is by far the best option even when the starting point is the greenfield deployment/high power CPE scenario. Concerning FTTH, the main drivers for carbon footprint are the electricity usage of the home
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ton 1600 Carbon footprint for 10,000 subscribers during one year 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Production 180 220 98 42 2 2 Deployment (brownfield) 100 Deployment (greenfield) Use 350 460
gateways, their manufacturing, and the use of diesel trucks in traditional civil works and minitrench deployment. The inclusion of average bandwidth gives an advantage for FTTH as more data can be transferred more efficient and faster.
Other remarks
Endoflife processes seem to be irrelevant from a carbon emission point of view. Robust LCA studies support two major benefits. The first is Benefit Maximization (most environmental reduction for least economic cost) and the second Continuous Improvement. In the first case the LCA shows where most environmental loadings occur and then the decision makers can find the most cost efficient solution to reduce these environmental loadings. In the second case, the first study helps to clarify the goals for the next product generation. This analysis has highlighted that it is not enough to base the carbon footprint on electricity usage measurements alone. Moreover, this study has shown that it is also not enough to compare the life cycles for the hardware systems alone, even though that is a necessary starting point for further research.
Fig. 2 Carbon footprint for the greenfield and brownfield deployment in Italy
ton 1600 1200 8000 590 4000 0 High power CPE Low power CPE High power CPE Low power CPE High power CPE Low power CPE 530 580
220
FTTC
FTTB
FTTH
[Mbps]:[kgCO2e/user/year] 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.8
Conclusions
For the first time FTTC, FTTB and FTTH broadband networks have been simultaneously compared by using LCA with a functional unit of broadband network in an Italian urban dense area for use by 10,000 homes during one year. There are two major conclusions to make from the case study. First, for greenfield deployment in Italy, FTTC architecture has the lowest amount of total CO 2 emissions both for high power CPE (appr. 1,000 tons) and low power CPE (appr. 590 tons). The most important criterion from carbon point of view, when choosing an FTTx network, is whether fiber has been deployed or not. Second, it is also found that FTTH is the most efficient solution (more output than input) considering the bandwidth provided.
FTTC, 25Mbps
FTTB, 50Mbps
FTTH, 100Mbps
FTTC, 25Mbps
Fig. 4 Results without considering the functions (services provided) of the systems
Looking ahead
Huawei supports operators in their work to find the societal benefits of specific ICT services provided by the FTTC, FTTB, and FTTH. Moreover, in order to get a more comprehensive understanding of the environmental implication of the present networks, other impact categories than global warming potential must be analysed. As the databases and LCA methodologies are improved, the introduction of other footprints (such as water footprint) will be trivial. This will on the other hand demand
more primary data collection than carbon footprint estimations. It was beyond the scope of the case study to find out if FTTH is also more effective (accomplished work compared to planned target) in specific working situations than FTTB and FTTC. To investigate such issues LCAs of ICT services are needed.
Editor: Julia Yao Julia@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
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Solution
SingleFAN
Simplified networking
ccess networks are becoming increasingly complex as the dominant trends shift to All-IP, high speed broadband access, and multi-service bearer capabilities. Traditional network structure suffers from stovepiping and repeated construction, which leads to a surging investment burden. Since the old way of cutting equipment costs by improving semiconductor technology no longer works, operators are forced to lower costs by simplifying their network structures. This is exactly where the SingleFAN solution comes in. Fi r s t l y, t h e s o l u t i o n d e l i v e r s convergent access through a unified box that is compatible with a diverse range of access media, including copper wires and fibers. The solutions strong scalability not only meets soaring bandwidth demands, but also eliminates the need for frequent access device upgrades and the construction of new 43
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access networks for each additional access mode. Secondly, the SingleFAN solution deploys a convergent service bearer layer. In addition to triple-play for residential subscribers, the solution combines capabilities such as TDM/ATM service PW emulation to realize full-service access through a single network. Thirdly, the solution minimizes o p e r a t o r s e x p e n d i t u re o n t h e convergence layer as convergent OLTs simplify network structure by widening coverage and connecting directly with the BRAS. Combined with high-density GE access that is comparable to highend Ethernet switches, the solution minimizes network CAPEX without investment on switch convergence.
Fast deployment
Many operators believe that the largest obstacle during FT Tx construction is maintenance. Previous experience with copper wires is not transferable to FTTx networks, and this
complicates both network deployment and maintenance. FTTx node division also multiplies and diversifies the range of devices, which in turn necessitates far more site visits and manpower input. As labor costs are higher in developed economies, simplifying network deployment and providing a userfriendly maintenance approach through the SingleFAN solution helps operators minimize O&M expenditure and labor cost. Un d e r p i n n e d b y a n a l l - i n - o n e design concept, the solution accelerates the learning curve for maintenance engineers as the all-inclusive box incorporates most access devices, and removes the need for technicians to understand newly added access products. The fully integrated system saves the time and costs associated with integrating equipment with the NMS and OSS, and testing new services and functions. In addition, the one-stop ODN p rov i d e s a s o l u t i o n p a c k a g e t h a t spans planning, product design and engineering, which greatly accelerates
ODN deployment. The solutions onetouch automatic service provisioning capability enables operators to deploy devices and activate services through a single site visit, slashing labor costs by 60%. Finally, the SingleFAN copper wire and fiber line maintenance system simplifies line maintenance and speeds up troubleshooting, cutting invalid dispatches by 30%.
Smooth evolution
Estimates suggest that, to realize broadband network construction, the 27 EU countries must invest a staggering 250 billion pounds. Such a massive investment is a risky proposition given the lengthy construction timeline, rapidity of technological progress and the vagaries of market demand. As access networks account for 70% of total network investment, operators are keen to deploy an access network that can flexibly and smoothly evolve with future trends, guaranteeing the protection of their investment.
T h e S i n g l e F A N s a l l - i n - o n e architecture incorporates a complete range of future-proof evolution capabilities. Covering the network backplane, software architecture, and service development, these capabilities maximally protect operators investment by enabling the seamless evolution of the following features: ATM to IP, copper wire to fiber access, PSTN to IMS, IPv4 to IPv6, and PON to NG PON.
The SingleFAN solution provides Diff-Serv and lean service control capabilities coupled with an open platform for smart terminals. These features enable new ser vices to be continually launched and QoE to climb rapidly. Operators can extend their reach from access channels to homes, enterprise terminals, and service platforms, and thus increase ARPU. By following the less is more p r i n c i p l e , H u a w e i s S i n g l e FA N broadband access solution substantially cuts deployment costs and increases network profitability, which explains the high level of attention the solution has received from operators. Currently, Huawei is cooperating with over 50 operators globally, including British Telecom, France Telecom, Deutsche Telekom and Singapores Nucleus Connect, to construct next-generation broadband access networks.
Editor: Chen Yuhong chyhong@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
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Solution
The iODN, a smart fiber manager
tatistics reveal that 150 million FTTx subscriber lines were deployed worldwide in 2009. Over the next three years, up to 800 million FTTx subscriber lines are expected to be added, heralding an FTTx boom. In China, the year 2009 saw the deployment of 20 million FTTx ports and 55 million kilometers of fiber core, reflecting a 20% annual growth rate in the fiber area. To ride the FTTx boom, the access layer must come equipped with a huge optical distribution network (ODN). ODN construction does not come cheap, however, accounting for up to 5070% of total FTTH investment. Given the ever-increasing bandwidth demand by services, the ODN must be able to sustain long-term broadband network development regardless of the technology and the lifecycle of major equipment. The ODN also represents the most difficult part of FTTx management, as it is fundamentally more complex than a copper wire network. The latter exists through a simple P2P structure, unlike the ODNs predominant P2MP topology that requires multiple connecting nodes and a solution for complex network management. In addition, fibers are more vulnerable to operational errors and attacks by rodents. Efficient ODN construction and O&M necessitate a set of intelligent and accurate management solutions that fully utilize the ODN and effectively protect long-term investment. Consequently, leading operators and
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standardization organizations such as the ITU-T are beginning to prioritize feasible ODN management.
operations, the solution provides such intelligent capabilities as fiber connection identification and management, intelligent fiber indicators, intelligent optical splitter management, port searches, and the collation of port status data. The PDA enables the ODN to communicate with the inventory management system in real time through a wireless MAN or a wired broadband network, while the PDA connects with, and can temporarily power, the iODN through a USB port. Fiber ID management: Embedded with an eID, the fiber connector reads the eID data of plug-in fibers to realize intelligent fiber management. Similar to an MAC address, the eID provides a globally unique identifier that stores data of a given fiber, including its route, position in the optical cable sequence, and connected optical splitter or distribution module. By managing the eID, the solution controls fiber links across the ODN by such means as automatically generating a topology and checking the fiber connections. Port status collection: An iODN device can automatically collect and report the resource status by reading and then downloading the fiber connection status of all ports to the PDA through a USB port. Port search indication: Activated by the management module, each port in an iODN device uses an LED indicator to display the fiber port that requires maintenance. This raises the precision and ease of onsite maintenance via a visual interface. Visualized PDA: The PDA provides three functions. First, it supplies t e m p o r a r y p owe r v i a a U S B p o r t connection and activates the management module of the iODN. Second, it serves
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as a communication bridge between the iODN and the inventory management system to enable data exchange. Third, as the major construction and maintenance interface, it facilitates dispatch list management, operational instructions, and information inquiries. Each function is accompanied by a graphical interface, which greatly improves O&M efficiency, ease and accuracy for engineers.
Intelligent and automated, the Huawei iODN solution represents the optimum method for easing the challenges of construction and O&M, reducing costs, and maximizing efficiency. The solution allows engineers to freely download electronic drawings on a PDA through wireless or fixed networks, rather than completing them during construction. The PDA and the iODN connect via a USB connector, so engineers are no longer required to memorize a series of default rules. Construction tasks can be accurately and efficiently completed by following
the LED indicators and the PDA. Instead of completing a confirmation form on project completion, engineers can use the PDA to collate connections and port status data, which the PDA then uploads to the inventory management system. When the PDA has obtained electronic dispatch lists during routine maintenance, engineers can simply insert the PDA into the iODN, and the LED indicator and the PDA display will immediately indicate if a port requires maintenance, helping them perform O&M tasks accurately. The PDA also automatically records changes to the data about fiber links, ports and others and reports them to the inventory management system to synchronize system data. Thus, the iODN solution automatically re c o rd s a n d m a n a g e s O D N f i b e r connection information to maintain the accuracy and timeliness of the inventory management system and eliminate human error. In addition, the visualization software on the PDA and the smart LED indications on the iODN combine to support automatic fiber search and accurate operations, significantly improving O&M efficiency. Based on the iODN structure, the inventory management system supports a variety of value-added applications for automated construction and O&M. For instance, the system can automatically generate the tools and materials required for a dispatch list and create an online material request workflow. With its built-in GPS, the iODN and PDA can automatically navigate engineers to ODN sites without the need for information analysis. As a smart fiber network manager, the iODN solution infuses the end-to-end ODN construction and maintenance process with cutting-edge electronics, intelligence, and automation capabilities that vastly improve O&M efficiency and protect ODN investment.
Editor: Li Xuefeng xuefengli@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
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Solution
Efficient FTTx O&M: a checklist
New challenges Knowing how to efficiently deploy a massive FTTx network will help operators maintain their competitive edge.
raditional access networks are based upon point-to-point star topology and use copper wiring to connect home users. Access is mainly through a network bridge, while services and control are realized on the upper network layer. In this context, network operation and maintenance (O&M) is relatively simple and mature. In comparison, FTTx networks use point-to-multipoint (P2MP) tree topology. As richer services are introduced and equipment is deployed outside equipment rooms, network O&M becomes more complex. First, network deployment can be inefficient. FTTx networks need a large quantity of remote equipment and individual deployment. Engineers must be on site to install hardware, c o m m i s s i o n s o f t w a re , a c c e p t t h e equipment and consequently more man hours are spent and progress is slower. Second, service provisioning can be time consuming. Unlike copper access, FTTx does not use a simple one-to-one connection between an end user and a PON port. When processing a service application, engineers need to connect the user terminal to a PON port. The network management system (NMS) requires smooth collaboration with the operations support system (OSS). To manage the FTTx network, the NMS needs further configuration. Third, troubleshooting is difficult. Compared with copper access, FTTx has a large number of passive nodes in the optical distribution network (ODN), while optical network units (ONUs) are located in a complex network environment. Though single-point fault detections for the optical
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module, individual ports, and loop testing are available, this can lead to heavier workload as all possible fault points need to be checked. Without a comprehensive diagnostic tool, highly skilled maintenance personnel are necessary.
E2E solution
A full-process O&M for the FTTx network will help operators enhance their efficiency and reduce O&M costs. As part of the effort, Huawei has rolled out an E2E FTTx O&M solution, which covers different network layers and helps operators to enhance efficiency in terms of engineering, daily O&M, troubleshooting and network upgrades. iManager U2000 NMS: This is a high performance, large capacity convergent NMS with a modular design that can help operators with network deployment, service provisioning, network monitoring, and network maintenance. It can realize visualized management on ser vice topology, network performance, faults and system performance, while managing access, transmission and IP devices. iManager N2510 line assurance system: For optical line diagnosis, when paired with the optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR), it can accurately locate faults on an ODN network. iManager U2560 terminal management system: S u p p o r t i n g t h e T R - 0 6 9 Amendment, the U2560 can deliver uniform management and maintenance to DSL gateways and PON terminals from different vendors.
can pre-deploy their equipment in batches, remotely commission and verify their ONUs in a large quantity and speed up FTTx deployment. Engineers can write equipment configuration data into an Excel file, then import the data into the NMS. When the equipment is powered on, the NMS will deliver the configuration data and automatically upgrade the equipment. The NMS will also automatically verify the equipment by initiating simulation tests on MxUs and the test result will be automatically reported to the NMS. Compared with manual O&M, this can help operators simplify network deployment and enhance efficiency, while lowering the technical threshold for engineers in network O&M. Taking China Telecom Xian for example, six engineers were required to commission 50 MxUs per day. With the U2000, only one engineer is needed to write the configuration data and import it to the NMS. The same project takes only half a day. It used to take an engineer a full day to configure 8.3 MxUs, but now up to 100 MxUs can be configured in the same amount of time.
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Solution
From GPON to 10G GPON
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he compatibility between the new 10G GPON and the existing GPON is the most crucial factor in system evolution. Smoothness is also important, ensuring that the evolution process has minimal impact on the services for end users and on the current O&M system. To achieve both, all aspects involved in system evolution must be taken into account. 10G GPON compatibility with GPON requires hardware reuse. W h e t h e r h a rd w a re c a n b e re u s e d depends on physical layer specifications. Currently, the 10G GPON standard clearly specifies that 10G GPON can share the optical distribution network (ODN) and the optical network terminals (ONTs) with existing GPON. Smooth system upgrades depend on software capabilities. A smooth upgrade has the minimal impact on services and does not complicate operations, which are largely influenced by software and data adjustment. A uniform management standard that enables multi-vendor interoperability between the optical line terminal (OLT) and the ONT also guarantees smooth evolution. 10G GPON s t a n d a rd s o r g a n i z a t i o n s a re n ow formulating uniform management and interoperability standards. Based on the GPON interoperability standard, the ITU-T passed the 10G GPON management and interoperability standard (G.988) in June 2010, paving the way for uniform northbound interfaces (NBIs) and interoperability.
The optical access network will remain the network infrastructure of choice for a long time to come. Medium-/longterm requirements must be fully considered for network deployment. Also, reasonable network architecture must be designed to support future network evolution and protect operator investments.
remain the network infrastructure of choice for a long time to come. Medium-/long-term requirements must be fully considered for network deployment. Also, reasonable network architecture must be designed to support future network evolution and protect operator investments. From the deployment perspective, 10G GPON may coexist with GPON in the following three scenarios. At the early stage, the 10G GPON is introduced and built on the basis of the existing GPON, and its capacity needs to be expanded to meet the growing capacity demand. At the intermediate stage, the 10G GPON, although d o m i n a n t , n e e d s t o b e b a c k w a rd compatible with the GPON as it is not mature enough. At the last stage when the 10G GPON is fully mature, the GPON will give way to the 10G GPON as they cannot meet service requirements any longer. In these scenarios, hardware
coexistence remains essentially the same all along, and the differences in software operations should be mainly considered for smooth upgrade. The first scenario is the most complicated as it involves the 10G GPON construction on the basis of the GPON and capacity expansion. This scenario deserves a detailed analysis as it is currently the focus of the 10G GPON standard and also the most possible deployment scenario. There are several factors that are key to expanding the existing network to 10G GPON. They include the addition of 10G GPON cards to the OLT, software upgrade and data adjustment, ODN reuse, replacement or addition of 10G GPON optical network units (ONUs), modification of BRAS/AAA user data configurations, NMS upgrade, and OSS resource management system updating.
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Solution
From GPON to 10G GPON must be compatible with the live GPON in terms of authentication, configuration, status, optical diagnosis means, performance statistics and alarms in order to avoid unwanted changes to the NMS and O&M. the RF Overlay, the WBF in the ONU must be able to separate the downstream optical signals of the RF Overlay from those of the 10G GPON.
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he DSL access rate has dramatically increased from a couple of Mbps to tens of Mbps for the past decade. VDSL2 devices permit up to 100Mbps in both uplink and downlink directions. Since most operators still have extensive copper-wire infrastructure, the FTTx+VDSL2 model enables them to leverage it to reduce the capital expenditure and provide sufficient bandwidth. Therefore, this model is currently regarded by many operators as the best solution for replacing copper wires with optical fibers. The actual rate of VDSL2, though, is by far lower than the allowable maximum rate, and the service stability
is also a big challenge. Operators are urgently in need of new technologies for large-scale VDSL2 network deployment. And the first step toward a viable solution is to identify the root causes. Tw i s t e d p a i r s w e r e o r i g i n a l l y designed to transmit voice signals, generally at a frequency band of 300Hz to 4KHz. At higher frequency bands, the performance of twisted pairs will degenerate the higher the frequency band, the higher the loop attenuation and the higher the crosstalk interference between lines. When transmitting data signals at faster rates, VDSL2 uses a much wider bandwidth than voice. Profile 30a specified by VDSL2 (standardized as ITU-T G.993.2)
adopts a bandwidth of up to 30MHz. Transmitting signals with such a high frequency on common twisted pairs aggravates the interference between lines or crosstalk. Test data show that interference between lines is the most fundamental cause of deteriorating VDSL2 rates and stability. In practice, while crosstalk occurs between neighboring lines, highfrequency signals transmitted through VDSL2 are also vulnerable to external interferences or impulse noise. As a result, the bit error rate (BER) on transmission lines may increase and service interruption may occur. Therefore, the reduction or elimination of crosstalk interference
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New technologies give DSL a fresh lease of life encumbering VDSL2 is highly desirable in solving the VDSL2 engineering issues. Fortunately, with the great effort by the DSL industry, relevant technologies are maturing and will be introduced below. this technology, in the event of sudden noise increases, instead of disconnecting and then restarting DSL will continue to maintain the connection by quickly switching to a more robust mode through the quick response mechanism, and the service will run continuously without interruption. After the increased noise condition goes away, the DSL will regain the higher rate by virtue of seamless rate adaptation technologies. The DSL SOS technology has been recognized by the DSL industry thanks to its practicality and ability to enhance user experience. It is now standardized and supported by multiple chip vendors and in the near future, zerodisconnection DSL may become reality.
Super MIMO
In some countries and regions, two twisted copper pairs are usually available for each residential premise one pair for carrying POTS and DSL services and the other for backup. In this scenario, operators can use both pairs with the DSL bundling technology to bundle the two data streams and deliver twice the original rate. In addition to bundling two pairs to double the rate, Super MIMO can triple the rate by creating an extra channel between the two pairs in virtual mode, known as the common-mode (CM) channel. As a result, with only two twisted pairs, users can access the network at rates of up to 300Mbps. For applications where more twisted pairs are available and higher data rates are needed, such as wireless backhaul, more virtual pairs can be created and even higher rates are achievable. For example, if four twisted pairs are available, three virtual pairs can be created for a total of seven pairs to achieve up to 700Mbps. The aforementioned vectored DSL technology can eliminate crosstalk between pairs to achieve full potential of multiple pairs. In particular, the Super MIMO technology minimizes the crosstalk interference between the newly created CM channel and the original two channels, facilitating the use of the vectored DSL technology and completely eliminating interference. According to test data, the channel capacity of the CM channel is about the same as or even higher than that of the original channel. The new DSL technologies not only substantially enhance the DSL rate but also improve QoS. Bottlenecks limiting the large-scale VDSL2 deployment will be removed substantially. The DSL will remain one of the most important broadband access technologies for quite a long time. Editor: Xue Hua xuehua@huawei.com
The electronic version and subscription information are available at www.huawei.com/communicate. Questions and suggestions may be directed to the editor concerned.
Vectored DSL
The Vectored DSL project was formally initiated at the ITU-T Q4 standardization meeting in 2006. It aimed to cancel crosstalk interferences from other lines in the same cable through joint signal processing for a group of lines that are called vectors. Because vectored DSL eliminates crosstalk interference between users, the signal-to-noise ratio at the DSL receiving end increases significantly. Under the same loop conditions, the average rate of vectored DSL is about 70% higher than that of VDSL2. The gain is especially higher on shorter loops where the rate can double. Besides the improved rate, vectored DSL greatly helps in maintaining the stability at the level at least comparable to ADSL. The vectored DSL standard has been finalized. Now several chip makers can provide prototypes for vendors to begin pilot production. The progress made so far has led to the belief that the first vectored DSLAM will be ready for field trial soon, and that successful deployment will come about in the next two years.
DSL SOS
IPTV is the main service carried by VDSL2 and high QoS is generally e x p e c t e d . If t h e A D S L 2 n e t w o rk disconnects at the moment of a gamewinning goal during a soccer match, the subscribers grumble and never forget. Zero disconnections, rather than a low disconnection rate, are definitely a winner for DSL operators. Huawei DSL SOS technology can effectively solve the disconnection problem caused by suddenly increased noise. With 53
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though the inputs and outputs of Level 3 processes still cause confusion. This leads to poorly defined application functionality and interfaces, which are required to support the processes. This problem can also cause unclear re s p o n s i b i l i t y d i v i s i o n s b e t w e e n departments, thus increasing OPEX. The eTOM document GB921F 7.5 Example Process Flows, for example, describes several sub-tasks in the Level 3 process flow Advice of Charge(see Fig. 1). In turn, The Apply Pricing, Di s c o u n t i n g & Re b a t e b u s i n e s s processes can be decomposed into three tasks (see Fig. 2): 1) Obtain Billing Event; 2) Determine Customer Account; and 3) Review Agreed Customer Bill Adjustment. The Create & Deliver Bill business
Charge Presented to Customer
Advice of Charge
Market Product & Custome
Apply Pricing, Discounting & Rebate Create & Deliver Bill Manage Request (Including Self Service)
process can be decomposed into five tasks (see Fig. 2), which include 1) Design & Develop Invoicing Process, 2) Render & Format Invoice, 3) Verify Invoice Quality, 4) Deliver Electronic Invoice, and 5) Store Customer Invoice. In this context, Design & Develop Invoicing Process can be removed from the Advice of Charge flow as it may cause misunderstanding among vendors during product development. eTOM Level 4 decomposition clarifies and refines the Level 3 business process and better directs vendors to product design and development goals. Se m a n t i c a n a l y s i s i s a p r o c e s s decomposition technique described in User Guidelines for eTOM (GB921-U) that can supplement the existing techniques employed by an organization. Semantic analysis is frequently carried out iteratively with other techniques, and can result in updating a process description to which Semantic Analysis has been applied. The goal is to ensure that final decomposition is consistent with the parent process description in the context of Semantic Analysis.
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What lies below eTOM level 3?
Advice of Charge Request Charge Presented to Customer
Advice of Charge
Apply Pricing, Discounting & Rebate Create & Deliver Bill Design & Develop Invoicing Process Render & Format Invoice Verify Invoice Quality Deliver Electronic Invoice Store Customer Invoice Obtain Billing Event Determine Review Agreed Customer Customer Bill Account Adjustment Manage Request (Including Self Service)
For ser vice providers, a further decomposed eTOM framework contains more detailed standardized business processes with which to construct flows. Service providers can have a better understanding of each business process to satisfy customer needs and optimize service experience. Internally, eTOM can help employees in various departments understand their responsibilities, increase collaboration efficiency, and reduce OPEX. Vendors benefit as Level 4 provides clearer interfaces between different functional modules and essential functions, which can greatly reduce integration costs. Moreover, vendors can more easily understand their customers business requirements as additional details are provided by further eTOM decomposition. Ultimately, development costs and delivery time can be reduced.
models and supplies the entities upon which the business processes act. The Integration Framework emphasizes functionality and capabilities, and clarifies the interfaces between the different modules and business services necessary to construct application and support interoperability. The TAM provides an application-oriented view of the other three frameworks. eTOM decomposition influences the evolution of the SID, the Integration Framework, and the TAM, and vice ve r s a . In f a c t , t h e e TO M re ve a l s and standardizes basic functionality requirements. Further eTOM decomposition will drive requirements for a more detailed information model, new interfaces, business services, and new application functionalities. T h e e TO M , S I D , I n t e g r a t i o n Framework and TAM should be holistically understood as interrelated constituent parts that must be consistent. eTOM decomposition may lead to refining and extending the SID, helping even to develop and standardize lower levels of SID Aggregate Business Entities (ABEs). The TAM, Integration Framework, and other TM Forum work products require input from the eTOM and SID.
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