Sales Guide

www.trade.egypt.travel

Egypt Still has a lot to offer.

The cradle of ancient civilisations, Egypt has a wealth of archaeological vestiges, many of which remain to be discovered, not to mention the many resorts and activities to be found on the Red Sea and along the Mediterranean coast. This guide is intended to be clear and practical, though it is far from complete. It is a tool you can use to create and package your own travel offers. Egypt has such a variety of attractions for tourists, that there is something of interest for everyone. The Egyptian Tourist Authority has created this guide for professionals along with the travel agents' trade and press website awaiting you at www.trade.egypt.travel.

BACKGROUND INFORMATION CULTURE BEACHES AND NIGHTLIFE GOLF DIVING DESERT AND ADVENTURES SPIRITUAL DESTINATIONS SPA AND THALASSOTHERAPY BUSINESS TOURISM GASTRONOMY FESTIVALS AND EVENTS BAZAARS AND SHOPPING MALLS ACCOMMODATION USEFUL INFORMATION LOCAL TOURIST OFFICE ADDRESSES

Introduction
Egypt is the cradle of major civilisations: Pharaonic, Greek, Roman, Christian and Islamic, with a very long history. Traditionally tourists visiting Egypt have limited their excursions to the Pharaonic sites of the Nile Valley and Cairo. Today, Egypt caters for all types of visitors with all types of expectations. The Red Sea coast in Egypt is a great all-year-round destination for family holidays and sports enthusiasts, as temperatures are very pleasant in winter. The mythical Sinai and the desert to the west of the Nile are perfect for trekking, 4x4 adventures, hiking and desert safaris. As for leisure activities, Egypt offers many theme vacations, for instance, golf, diving and thalassotherapy, as well as multi-activity holidays, combinations of culture, water and sports attractions, not to mention unforgettable cruises on the Nile.
Felucca ballet on the Nile

Egypts many grand hotels and high-quality leisure facilities make it a popular destination for business tourism (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions).

Cairo, city of a thousand minarets and a hundred domes

Edfu, bas-reliefs in the Temple of Horus

A PORTRAIT OF EGYPT TODAY

Concise information on Egypt as a destination:

Geography
Egypt stretches across the extreme north-east of Africa and includes the Sinai Peninsula. It has 995 km of Mediterranean coastline and 1,942 km of Red Sea coastline. Egypt is divided naturally into four regions: the Nile valley, the Sahara to the West of the Nile, the Arabian desert to the East of the Nile and the Sinai Peninsula beyond the Suez canal. Outside the tourist zones, Egypt displays an amazing contrast between bustling towns (Cairo has a population of more than 17 million) and the austere, peaceful country regions, set in their ancient ways.

Political and social

The Arab Republic of Egypt is a democratic state. Islam is the state religion but there is also a sizable population of Coptic Christians. Egyptians enjoy freedom of thought and religious freedom. Executive power lies with the President of the Republic who is now elected by popular vote for a six-year term. Legislative power lies with the Peoples Assembly, whose members are mostly elected, but some of whom are also appointed by the President.

Economy
The GDP grew by nearly 5% in 2005 Moderate inflation, low unemployment, an export surplus, and fairly equal distribution of income characterize this solid economy". Half of the active population works in agriculture, but only 4% of the land is arable. Industry is centred around textiles and agro-foods. Tourism is an important source of foreign currency.

The Nile
A mythical and life-giving river, the Nile crosses Egypt from South to North, from Lake Nasser on the border with Sudan right to its 250 km wide delta on the Mediterranean coast. The Nile valley is divided into three zones: Lower Egypt to the North, Middle Egypt and Upper Egypt to the South. The river is navigable for much of its length in periods when the water level is high.

Population
The largest ethnic group (80% of the population) descends directly from Egyptians of the Pharaonic Era. Other groups are the Sinai Bedouins originating from Arabia, Western desert Bedouins in oasis settlements, between Alexandria and the Libyan border, the Siwa oasis Berbers and the Nubians, south of Aswan. Ninety percent of Egyptians are Sunni Muslims but Christian religions include the Coptic Church 9%), Catholic, Maronite and other eastern religions (1%).

Upper Egypt, horse-drawn carriage at Luxor

CULTURE

THE MAIN PHARAONIC SITES, FOLLOWING THE NILE UPSTREAM

In the Cairo region
Giza is home to one of the seven Wonders of the world: the Great Pyramid of Cheops, (137 m). Chephren and Mykerinos pyramids, the Sphinx, a mans head with a lions body, at the entrance to the Royal Necropolis. Nearby, the Solar Boat. Saqqarah, the Royal site (over 8 km). A wealth of decorations and the beauty of sculpted bas-reliefs that evoke the daily life in ancient Egypt. Pyramids, such as the ones known as step-pyramid. The temple is in the town centre, beside the Nile. The Sphinx Valley (2.5 km) to the Karnak sanctuary. The Sphinx alley stretches between the Luxor temple and the Karnak temple complex. This was the most important Pharaonic complex in Egypt, with 13 temples covering an area of 125 hectares. The Valley of Kings, with its dominant rocky mountain. About sixty Pharaohs tombs cut into the rock, including that of Tutankhamen. The Valley of Queens, eighty tombs including those of Nefertari and Amon Her-Khopshef. The Valley of Nobles, over four hundred tombs of high-level dignitaries and state officials. Magnificent wall-paintings showing the daily life in ancient Egypt. Deir el-Medina, village of craftsmen who work on the sites of the tombs. Edfu, impressive sandstone temple, dedicated to Horus the Falcon God. Kom Ombou. Abydos, tomb of Osiris, temple of Seti I, artistic jewel of the New Empire. Dendera, the temple of Hathor, a large and well preserved area, dedicated to the beautiful Goddess with cow ears.

Middle Egypt
Minia, a city with a lively market, is the ideal departure point for exploring Hermopolis Magna, Tuna el-Gebel, Tell El-Amarna, Beni Hassan etc. Beni Hassan, on the right bank of

Immerse yourself in Ancient Civilisations

Egypt is a prime destination for cultural tourism with innumerable sites along the course of the Nile, in major cities and in the deserts. Archaeologists continue to 'dig here and still find ancient ruins and artefacts today. A classic fifteen-day tour centred around ancient Egyptian culture is a good way of exploring the most important sites.
Aswan, Egypts southernmost city

Luxor, Temple of Queen Hatshepsut

the Nile, has 39 well preserved rock tombs, some of which are decorated with brightly coloured drawings (the tombs of Khnumhotep, Kheti etc.). Tuna el-Gebel, a rich site where, among other attractions, the stele of Akhenaton (memorial stone), the mummies of the sacred Ibis Necropolis and the tomb of Petosiris are not to be missed. Tell el-Amarna, a wonderful desert site where only a few ruins of Akhenaton, the capital built by Amenophis IV, remain (temple of Aton, royal palace, necropolis). Assiut, a pleasant town with white houses, minarets, bazaar etc. The large dam on the Nile and the beautiful Princes tombs on the edge of town must be seen.

Upper Egypt
Temple of Ramses II (bas-reliefs). Luxor is a small town in Upper Egypt, on the East bank of the Nile. A peaceful place, it was nevertheless the site of the Pharaohs capital during the famous 18th dynasty.

Edfu, Temple of Horus, the best preserved shrine in Egypt

From lake Nasser to Aswan, on the road to Nubia: Abu Simbel, transported in its entirety to make way for the construction of the Sadd el-Ali Dam. The decorated temples of Ramses II and Nefertari overlooking lake Nasser. Ramses II acceded to the throne of Egypt while still a young man and undertook the building of many monuments including his temple now known as Ramesseum. It was given this modern name by Jean-Franois Champollion in 1829. "Lake Nasser is about 300 mi (480 km) long, it was formed in the 1960s by the construction of the Aswan High Dam in order to control the annual floods of the Nile River, whose

waters now feed the lake. Its waters, when discharged downstream, have brought some 1,250 sq mi (3,240 sq km) of additional land under irrigation. Its formation flooded a number of archaeological sites, including those found at Abu Simbel". On the islands of Lake Nasser: Kalabcha, home of the Mandoulis and Beit el-Wali temple. The island of Philae, with its temple dedicated to Isis, the Egyptian mother goddess, is situated about 8 km south of the Aswan Dam in Upper Egypt, in an area which in ancient times made out the border to Nubia.

GRECO-ROMAN REMAINS
In Alexandria (amphitheatre, catacombs). In the oases of the Western desert: the Kharga oasis and the Bagawat necropolis, (2nd century). Greco-roman villages in Douch and An Umm El-Dabadib, famous for its square towers. The complex of temples on the island of Philae includes the main temple dedicated to the Goddess Isis, built by Pharaoh Ptolemy XI, as well as the Pavilion of Nectanebo I, dedicated to Hathor, and Trajan's Pavilion, rebuilt by the emperor Trajan and with reliefs showing him offering gifts to the Egyptian Gods. Then between Qena and Port Safaga is Mons Claudianus, site of Roman stone quarries.

Valley of the Kings, tomb with frescos

COPTIC AND ORTHODOX SITES

The Coptic churches and the Coptic museum in Old Cairo. The convents of Wadi Natrun. In the Eastern desert, the monasteries of Saint Anthony (361 A.D.) and Saint Paul. In Aswan: monastery of Saint Simeon.

Karnak, the temple-city Abu Simbel, Temple of Ramses II

LEGENDARY SITE
From Sinai to the Red Sea: Mount Moses (2,285 m high).

ISLAMIC SITES
There are so many sites and monuments that it would be impossible to list them all. Among the most important, in the city of Cairo: the mosques, the Khan el-Khalili medieval bazaar quarter, Wakala el-Ghouri, el-Qalaa ramparts and citadel etc. In Alexandria: Fort Qaytbey. In Rosetta: the Al-Amasyali house. In Quseir: the Ottoman citadel and the museum.

CULTURE
Worth seeing in Cairo
City of contrasts, constructed in 969 A.D. by Gohar El-Siqqili ; a Middle-Age citadel (1171 A.D.) on one side and very modern buildings on the other (convention centre, big hotels, etc.). In the middle is the Isle of Roda opposite the Coptic churches of Old Cairo across the river. The great Khan el-Khalili bazaar with its narrow streets, the grand mosques and the Egyptian museum created in 1857. More than 100,000 objects are on display, including busts of Nefertiti and Merytamon, the Golden Mask of King Tutankhamun, statues of Ramses II as a child, of King Djoser and of the goddess Taoueret (with the body of a hippopotamus and the snout of a crocodile), reliefs from the Mererouka mastaba (tombs) decorated with hieroglyphs
Mykerinos, Chephren and Cheops pyramids at Giza

Worth seeing in Alexandria

Founded by Alexander the Great, Alexandria is a varied and cosmopolitan city with a pleasant sea front. Also worth visiting are the Bibliotheca Alexandrina (Alexandria Library), many Greco-Roman museums and interesting bazaars.

Also worth seeing

Rosetta, where the famous stone was found. It was later deciphered by Champollion. Damietta, the furniture capital of Egypt, Ismailia on the bank of lake Timsah, the Suez canal, 162 km from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea.
Egyptian antiquities museum in Cairo, sarcophagus lid

Alexandria bay, Fortress at Qait Bey in the background

GETTING OFF THE BEATEN TRACK

Discovering sites of natural beauty

ORIGINAL

Egypt has 21 national parks where wildlife and plant life are protected. The Ras Muhammed National Park, a coastline with very beautiful sea-beds. Along the mangroves, there are exotic fish, manta rays and turtles. On land, there are foxes, gazelles and many birds of prey. The White Desert: sand, springs and oases, from the Nile to the Libyan border, large expanses of black or white sand, dotted with rocky landscapes and oases: Cleopatra-Siwa (baths), Bahariya with its hot water springs, Farafra, the gateway to the White Desert, Dakhla and the medieval village of El-Qasr, etc. Lake Nasser, take a peaceful cruise and discover the islands.

The main areas of popular cultural interest

Music, literature and cinema are very much alive in Egypt and there is a full programme of events (see festivals and events).

IMPORTANT DATES IN EGYPTIAN HISTORY

- 3150-2925 B.C.: Thinite period, 1st and 2nd dynasties. Upper and Lower Egypt reunited. Capital: Memphis. - 2700-2200 B.C.: Old Kingdom, from the 3rd to the 6th dynasty, construction of the Saqqara and Giza pyramids. - 2200-2040 B.C.: first intermediate period, from the 7th to the 10th dynasty, not well known. - 2040-1785 B.C.: Middle Kingdom, 11th and 12th dynasties. Prosperity in art and civilisation. Capital: Thebes. - 1785-1552 B.C.: second intermediate period, 13th dynasty. Invasion of the Hyksos. - 1552-945 B.C.: the New Kingdom, from the 18th to the 21st dynasty. Conquests and construction of grand temples. The most important Pharaohs: Amenophis, Akhenaton, Tutankhamen, Seti I, Ramses II. - 945-656 B.C.: third intermediate period, from the 22nd to the 25th dynasty. - 672-332 B.C.: the late Period. 26th dynasty, conquest of Egypt by the Persians. - 332-27 B.C.: Greek or Ptolemaic Era. Conquest of Alexander the Great, creation of Alexandria. - 27 B.C.-395 A.D.: Roman Era. Death of Cleopatra and the spread of Christianity. - 395-641: Byzantine Era. - 640: beginning of the Muslim Era. Old Cairo (Fostat) becomes the capital. - 661-1171: Ommeyyade, Abbasside, Toulounide, Fatimide governments. - 1240-1517: the Mamelouks come to power. - 1798: Bonaparte expedition. - 1805: Modern era. Muhammad Ali founds the last dynasty. - 1952-53: constitution of the republic.

Road to Bahariya, the white Desert and its chalk monoliths

BEACHES AND NIGHTLIFE

On the Red Sea, the beaches are well planned and completely equipped to fully develop a seaside vacation offer which fully matches tourists demands. There are innumerable large hotels, restaurants, entertainments and activities in attractive seaside resorts stretching the length of the Sinai Peninsula coastline. Sharm El-Sheikh, at the southern point of Sinai, has a very complete infrastructure: hotels, holiday residences, restaurants, diving clubs and many water sports activities. Further North, Dahab backing onto the mountains is a peaceful resort, very much shaped by its Bedouin origins. It has long beaches, beautiful diving and sailing locations and the opportunity for interesting excursions in Sinai. Nuweiba, is a peaceful resort, a few kilometres from the old town and port and is one of the largest on the Red Sea. Taba, is growing fast with beautiful beaches and large international hotels.

Discover the Magic Undersea World and the Exhilarating Nights

Nuweiba, not far from the Ain Hudra oasis Red Sea, enjoy the water all year round

On the continental coastline between Hurghada and Mersa Alam in the South, the large number of seaside resorts offer a wide choice for tourists: Hurghada: protected by a beautiful range of mountains, this large seaside resort is well equipped with tourism infrastructure, accommodation and leisure facilities: windsurfing, fun board, yachting (marina), childrens and teenagers clubs, aquarium and marine museum, as well as golf, hiking and some very beautiful diving locations. Hurghada is very lively and sporty and is an ideal destination for holidaying with the kids. El Gouna: new rapidly-growing resort, luxurious and calm. Near Hurghada.
Hurghada, with Djebel Shayib in the background

Port Safaga, 55 km to the South of Hurghada, is a lively fishing port and a peaceful family resort known for its sailing sports. Along the beautiful beach are magnificent diving sites and an important windsurfing location. Port Safaga hosted the World Windsurfing Championships in 1993. El Quseir: 85 km to the South of Port Safaga, is a peaceful port and resort, overlooked by an ancient fort. Mersa Alam: 250 km to the South of Hurghada, growing fast, but still very natural and little frequented, the resort is in a large bay backing onto the mountainous desert, at the gateway to Nubia. Beautiful beaches and magnificent diving locations on the coral reef.

Hurghada, an exceptional diving destination Sharm el-Sheikh, lagoon swimming pool at the hotel Sharm el-Sheikh, boat trip on the Red Sea

Alone in the middle of the Red Sea

GOOD TO KNOW

Worth a look at Naama Bay at Sharm El-Sheikh, Egyptian high fashion, esplanade lined with chic boutiques, grand hotels, bars and discotheques Family destination par excellence, Hurghada and its tailormade tourism infrastructure.

BEACHES AND NIGHTLIFE

The Mediterranean coast, from the North of Sinai to the Eastern Libyan border, has kept the charm of the ancient Egyptian seaside towns: El Arish, Damietta, Rosetta, Alexandria Modern, well-equipped seaside resorts like Mersa Matruh complete the holiday offer, with the advantage of mild temperatures in summer. Having fun at night: the night time entertainment in seaside resorts responds to the influx of tourists: restaurants, discos, music bars often in the beach hotels and bars whose night clubs are open all year round.
Hurghada

Sharm el-Sheikh, with the Sinai in the background

Hurghada, many kitesurfing clubs Sharm el-Sheikh, oasis bar

Taba, at the bottom of the Aqaba Gulf

GOLF

You can play golf on Egypts courses all year round, in the centre of Cairo, in the shade of the Pyramids and right up to the edge of the Red Sea. Golf is a growing sport in Egypt and both beginners and experienced golfers have access to courses close to the large hotels and to sumptuous greens and fully equipped clubhouses.

Golf to your Heart's Content in the Shadow of the Pyramids

Mena House Hotel golf course

Some clubs and courses:

in Cairo: Mena House Oberoi (built in 1902), Gezira Club in the town centre: 9 holes, Katameya Heights: 27 holes, Mirage City, Pyramid Golf Soleimania, Dreamland Golf. in Luxor, the Royal Valley. in Alexandria, the Sporting Club. on the Red Sea: in Hurghada, the 18 holes The Cascades Golf course at Soma Bay designed by Gary Player, at El Gouna Steigenberger Golf Resort 18 holes, in Sharm El-Sheikh: Jolie Ville Golf Resort 18 holes and Taba.

The biggest:

Pyramid Golf Soleimania golf course, 36 holes (840 ha), to the North of Cairo, on Desert Road.

Special features:
Soma Bay, golf beside the sea

the large hotels organise vacations on a golfing theme and offer daily services with shuttle buses, even to non-residents.

Cairo, golf course at the foot of the pyramids

Soma Bay, golf course overlooking the sea

Combined activity vacations:

GOOD PLAN

golf and getting back into shape or thalassotherapy, golf and diving, golf and yachting or golf and desert raid

DIVING
Diving in the Red Sea is an amazing experience contrasting the arid desert
landscape with the diversity of the sea-beds of the Red Sea, 2,300 km long and 350 km wide, on the African coast and the Southern point of Sinai. The Red Sea is easily accessible to experienced divers and beginners, with calm, clear, warm water (21 to 30C), well-preserved coral reefs and many fish. It boasts some exceptional diving sites such as the Tiran islands, the underwater walls at Ras Mohammed and Samadai, Elphinstone, the Dahab canyons, Safaga, Mersa Alam
Clown Fish and Fire Coral

Rub Shoulders with the most Gorgeous Sea Creatures

A group of divers sets off for the fabulous undersea world

The sport and supervision: all year round, professional diving clubs led by instructors with PADI or CMAS certification offer dives in search of parrot, angel and clown fish, sharks, barracudas and also lead dives to wrecks. Underwater trails with mask and snorkel on coral reefs, initiation or sport diving (limited to 30 m deep), from a boat or from the beach, at numerous points along the coast. A medical certificate might be required. Clubs on the Red Sea:
Aquarius Diving Centre at Hurghada. Canyon Dive Club at Dahab. Divers' Lodge, Sinai Divers, the Camel Dive Club (accessible to disabled divers) Equipment for rent on site. Many of the Red Sea coastal resort hotels offer diving vacations.
Coral cliffs in shallow water

Coral and Sea-Fan garden

Hawksbill turtle

Sea-diving initiation

Diving cruise from 8 to 15 days in the Red Sea accompanied by

The most beautiful areas:

in Sinai, Dahab and the surrounding areas: Blue Hole, the Canyon and the Islands. In and around Sharm El-Sheikh: End of the Road Reef. Ras Mohammed: Ras Ghozlani. On the coast, near Hurghada: Shaab Abu Ramada, the island of Giftun: Carless Reef. In and around El Quseir: Green Hole, Beit Goha, Sirena Beach Home Reef, Mangrove Bay, Mersa Shagra eco-lodge

The best time to go: April to June and mid-September to mid-November, light winds and pleasant temperatures. Vast number of fish to see from mid-July to the end of August in the 28C waters of Ras Mohammed. Combined activity vacations:
diving and getting back into shape or thalassotherapy, diving and golf, diving and yachting, diving and desert raid

ZOOM

dive guides. Several dives per day at the most beautiful locations; programme and level of difficulty adapted to participants abilities Levels of comfort in the cabins varies with the different boats.

DESERT AND ADVENTURES

Desert trails in 4x4
Complete circuit of Sinai by car following tracks: Sharm El-Sheikh - Dahab St Katherine (1 night) - Feiran - Al-Tor and return to Sharm El-Sheikh (490 km / 2 days). Discovering the oases of the Western desert: circuit of the oases in a 4x4 with a guide and bivouac. Siwa oasis, isolated and preserved (visit to the traditional Siwa house). Baharia oasis, Roman wells. Farafra oasis, the most isolated, near the White Desert, Badr museum. Dakhla oasis, hot springs, museum, Roman temple, medieval city of Al-Qasr

Feel the Powerful Attraction of the Desert

Egypt is a narrow strip of fertile land on the banks of the river Nile in the middle of an enormous desert. It is thus a vast playing field for those who love wide-open spaces, shifting sands and mountains. Egyptian tourism offers numerous more or less developed possibilities for discovery and sports activity vacations in the Sinai Peninsula, in the Eastern desert and in the Western desert right up to the Libyan border.
Sinai, desert taxis

Exploring Sinai
Hiking to St Katherine (maintained footpaths, information from the Monastery office). Night-time climb of Mount Moses, djebbel Moussa, by the camel path and watching the sunrise. Excursions to the Coloured Canyon near Nuweiba, in the Ras Muhammed natural park.

Other activities
Camel rides or hiking with camels. Horse riding and hiking on horseback: from Sinai coastal resorts or at the foot of the pyramids at Giza, Louxor (MG, Haras Al-Zahraa, Cairo. Saqqara Country Club). Balloon flights over the Valley of Kings (at Luxor). Trekking in the Sinai mountains. Cycling in the region of the Thebes necropolis (at Luxor). (cycle rent from hotels or in town).

Sinai, canyon

Giza Plateau, Kheops, the seventh wonder of the world

Sinai, rocky outcrops in a desert of sand

Libyan Desert, continuation of the Sahara

A Bedouins best friend

Guides

For enthusiasts:
Pharaoh rally, 4x4 race and trials in October.

Combined activity vacations

Seaside vacation with excursions into the desert, cultural cruise and oasis discovery circuit

TO DO

Many tour operators in Cairo, Nuweiba and Sharm El-Sheikh offer excursions and guided treks into the desert. Most of the coastal resort hotels offer excursions by the day or longer, with guides.

Ruins beside Lake Nasser

SPIRITUAL DESTINATIONS
In Sinai, Mount Moses and St Katherines monastery are just as important as tourist attractions of natural beauty as they are mystical pilgrimage destinations evocative of bible stories. The Coptics, Egyptian Christians, have kept their faith since the Roman domination and the reign of Constantine (4th century). Ancient religious monuments have been preserved in the heart of Old Cairo and on the island of Roda. There are also many desert monasteries commemorating the retreat of the Holy Family after the birth of Jesus, from Rafah to Assiut. The Moslems, following their conquest of Egypt in 641 A.D., constructed great places of worship, particularly during the Mamelouk period (1250/1517 A.D.). Most mosques are open to all visitors.

Delve into the Big Book of Religions

Egypt is a major destination for religious tourism. The population has been predominantly Muslim since the 12th to 13th centuries, though 10 % of the population is Coptic Christian. Although the ancient religion of the pharaohs, worshipping the God Ra or the conflict between Amon and Aton, will always be part of Egyptian mythology, the land of Egypt has many links with the great monotheist religions of today.

Sinai, St Katherines monastery

Wadi al-Natrun, Coptic Monastery of St Bishoy

The great monuments

Mosques: the most famous, El-Azhar (970 A.D.), stands in the centre of Cairo, the city of a thousand minarets. Worth looking at while strolling around Cairos Muslim quarter, in the area of the medieval Khan el-Khalili market: the El Gouri complex, the el-Ashraf Barsbay mosque, the Sayyidna el-Hussein mosque, the al-Saleh Talai mosque, the el-Aqmar mosque, the Ibn Toulon Mosque, the Sultan Hassan mosque The show by the Soufi Dervishes (at the El-Gouri complex), the Mohamed Ali mosque. Coptic churches, monasteries and places of worship: Old Cairos churches (St Georges church and convent, St Sergius and St Barbaras churches, the "hanging" church), the Coptic museum.
Mount Sinai, in Moses footsteps

In the Eastern desert, St Anthonys, St Bishois, St Katherines monasteries in Sinai, the Aswan cathedral, Maadi and Gabal El-Teir churches etc., as well as many springs, wells, "sacred" trees such as Al Abed "the worshipper", at Nazlet Ebeid-Minia. Ben Ezra synagogue in Cairo, (in the Coptic quarter).

Visiting
Outside the hours of prayer and the Friday prayers, most mosques can be visited for free (9:00 am-7:00 pm). A small tip should be given to the person who looks after visitors' shoes and lends them head scarves.

Cairo, Al Azhar Mosque Cairo, Blue Mosque

THE MAIN RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS

Fixed dates 1st January: New years day 7th January: Coptic Christmas 19th January: Coptic Epiphany Variable dates Aid el-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadan, 3 days of colourful festivals Aid el-Adha: commemoration of Abrahams sacrifice (70 days after the end of Ramadan) Ras as-Sana el Hejria: Muslim New Year Mouled en-Nabi: anniversary of the birth of the Prophet Coptic Easter

SPA AND THALASSOTHERAPY

Getting back into shape, body care and thalassotherapy: Egypt has a long tradition of giving great importance to body care treatments: belief in the rebirth of the Pharaonic era, baths and hot springs from the Roman Era, Turkish baths from Islamic culture The exceptional natural environment, the dry climate and Egyptian know-how have helped with the rapid development of this tourist offer which responds well to current demands. Springs, sand and plants: the oases of the Egyptian desert are rich in healthgiving springs whose reputation goes back thousands of years. The beneficial effects of the mud from the Nile, the ionic sand from the dunes (sand baths) and the salinity of the waters in the Red Sea are well known. The quality of preparations based on plant oils and natural essences (hibiscus, mint, ambrosia, gourd, alfa and pomegranate skin), have proven their worth over the years.
Essential oils extracted from plants from the Nile

Revitalise your Entire Body

Flower arrangement in the desert Balneotherapy in a hotel

Traditional sites: Helwan Hammam (Turkish bath), Bahariya oasis (Halfa springs, Bichmo, Roman wells and springs), the oases of Siwa, Farafra and Mena Ville, the Pharaoh Hammam near Suez and the Moussa Hammam near Sharm El-Sheikh Modern centres: courses of health treatment or vacations with programmes of specific treatments: lymphatic drainage, slimming, special treatment for backs, legs, rheumatism, anti-stress and sport-related More and more ultra-modern equipment, luxury facilities, with well trained facilitators, are opening along the Red Sea coastline: at Sharm El-Sheikh, Thalasso/Spa centre: sauna, Turkish bath, seaweed wraps, hydro-massage baths, massage showers, massages at Hurghada and Soma Bay. In the big hotels you will find aqua-tonic, health and fitness facilities (sauna, massage, Turkish bath and spa bath) and well-equipped Fitness centres.
The health benefits of plants, an ancient Egyptian heritage

Massage session

Combined activity vacations:

Bahariya, oasis of the North

TRENDY

diving and thalassotherapy, golf and thalassotherapy, desert raid or hiking and thalassotherapy

BUSINESS TOURISM

Cairo International Conference Centre

-CICC-, is only 15 minutes from the international airport, 20 minutes from the city centre and Cairos best five-star hotels. There are three main auditoria, each equipped with projection room and simultaneous translation studios for eight languages. The main auditorium can take up to 2,500 people.
Cairo International Convention & Exhibition Centre (CICC)

Discover Intense Business Trips

Business tourism is growing around well-equipped convention centres with a good accommodation infrastructure offering excellent service. Cairo and the major cities often play host to numerous conventions, seminars and conferences, meetings, trade fairs and incentive trips. Egypt and its partners offer well-adapted facilities for convention visitors, participants in professional shows and also their entourages.

Soma Bay, Golf course

Four Seasons Hotel

Major hotels
Many five-star hotels can host conferences and banquets for large groups: in Cairo: Semiramis Inter Continental, Cairo Conrad, Cairo Marriott, Oberoi Mena House, Meridien Heliopolis, Grand Hyatt, Nile Hilton, Four Seasons Hotel Cairo and also the Inter Continental Heliopolis Hotel in Alexandria: Hilton Green Plaza, Hilton Borg El Arab Resort and Spa El Alamein in Sharm El-Sheikh: Jolie Ville Movenpick Golf Resort, MarriottHilton Four Seasons, all major chains. There are also major hotels in Luxor, Aswan, Hurghada
Feluccas on the Nile, between Aswan and Luxor

Leisure activities
Whichever city you choose to host your business event, it is easy to organise interesting distractions for business travellers: diving trips in the Red Sea, rounds of golf, cruises on the Nile, tours of Cairo

Hurgada: sailing, diving, sailing

Aswan, bar in the Old Cataract Hotel

GASTRONOMY
Typical dishes
Starters known as mezzeh are very varied: falafel, based on fava (beans), foul (beans), hoummous (chickpeas), baba ghanouj (aubergine puree), Gebna domiati (salty cheese) with tomatoes Lamb and veal are often grilled (kebabs), minced then grilled (koftas), roasted or accompanied by tomato and onion salad. Poultry such as pigeon, duck and chicken are often stuffed. Vegetables may be macerated in oil, stuffed or cooked in ragout (beans, lentils). Wet, salted fish (fasikh), beside the Red Sea or on the Mediterranean coast. Desserts: many fruits and pastries filled with dried fruits and doused with honey syrup.

Taste the Blends and Contrasts of Traditional Cooking

Egyptian cuisine is rich and varied, influenced by the Mediterranean and the Middle East. From street vendors to the restaurants in the luxury hotels, Egypt offers a vast range of restaurant styles, for all tastes and all budgets. The cuisine in the major hotels is often international. To eat Egyptian style, choose the local restaurants and typical recipes based on meat and vegetables. On the seafront, there are excellent fish restaurants.
Hummus, chick pea dip Cairo, selling freshly squeezed orange juice

Fast food
Egypt has a long tradition for food on the move. Street vendors offer mixtures of noodles, rice, onions and spicy tomato sauce as well as bean fritters (Tamiya). The oriental sandwich based on soft Baladi bread comes with all types of filling. The major international fast-food chains can be found in the big cities.

Aswan, citrus fruit sellers

TO SAVOUR

Drinks: tea, Turkish coffee and fruit juices, particularly mango juice, lamoun (sweet lime juice), tinnechoke (Barbary fig juice), apricot juice, juice from sugar cane or karkade (extract of hibiscus petals), sahlab (mixture of warm milk, coconut, cinnamon and spices). Alcohol and wine is mainly served in the hotel bars and in the restaurant. The locally brewed beer, Stella, is worth a taste.

The dessert fit for a king:

Oum Ali (feuille de brick, coconut, raisins, hazelnut, milk). Forget the diet!

Mezze, selection of hot and cold appetizers Dates

Aswan, souk and dates

USEFUL INFORMATION
Ramadan: During Ramadan, most restaurants remain open all day, only serving tourists and offering a limited choice. In the evening, big banquets are organised around long tables in a convivial atmosphere. The cuisine is very varied. Health: mineral water in sealed bottles is to be preferred. People with delicate stomachs should beware of raw vegetables. Opening times: fruit juice bars: 8:00 am to 10:00 pm local sandwich and fast food from 10:00 am into the night - restaurants from 12:00 am to 11:00 pm or 1 oclock in the morning.

FESTIVALS AND EVENTS

International windsurfing Championships in Hurghada in January. Cairo book fair at the end of January. Sham el-Nessim in March: popular outdoor festival dating from the Pharonic era. International camel race in April in Sharm El-Sheikh. Arab horse festival in Sharkeya in May. International Al-Ahram squash competition in Giza in June. Music festival on the 21st of June. National cinema festival at the end of June and beginning of July. Ismailia festival at the end of August: folkloric dance festival. The Nile Festival in September in Cairo.

Relive Events from another Era

There are many cultural, sports, popular or religious events during the year. Some ancient and traditional celebrations date from the Pharonic era, while other colourful and popular ones celebrate the seasons and accompany rural activities. Most religious festivals are the occasion for massive get-togethers, gastronomic meals and parades. The cultural and sports events reflect the modern Egyptians eclectic interests.

Bedouin woman, traditional hairstyle

Cairo, belly dance, Raqs Sharqi

Alexandria international Festival mid-September: cinema festival. Verdis Aida in Giza, staged at the pyramids, usually in October . The Egyptian rally in October: 4x4 qualifying rally for the world Championships. Ramses festival at Abu Simbel on the 22nd of February and the 22nd of October. The cotton festival in Tanta in October: a week of festivities at the end of the harvest. Al-Zahraa horse festival festival in October. Arab music festival at the beginning of November. International fishing competition at Sharm El-Sheikh in November. International cinema festival in Cairo in December. International Nile Luxor and Cairo Regattas in December.
Hurghada, international windsurfing championships

Sharm el-Sheikh, international dromedary race

PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
Fixed dates 1st January: New years day 7th January: Coptic Christmas 25th April: Sinai Liberation Day April (variable date): Sham en-Nessim (Spring festival) 1st May: Labour day 23rd July: Anniversary of the 1952 revolution 6th October: Armed forces day Variable dates depending on the Muslim calendar Aid el-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadan. Aid el-Adha: commemoration of Abraham's sacrifice (70 days after the end of Ramadan). Ras as-Sana el Hejria: Muslim new year. Mouled en-Nabi: anniversary of the birth of the Prophet.

Cairo, Sufi dancers

BAZAARS AND SHOPPING MALLS

Souvenirs made in Egypt
The range of Egyptian craftwork is vast. From jewellery made of gold, silver and semiprecious stones to blown glass or Sinai Bedouin embroidery, cotton household linen, papyrus, carpets, backgammon and chess boards incrusted with mother-of-pearl, copper items and basketwork, oriental spices and perfumes sold in little glass tubes A complete range of goods sold in the bazaars, in boutiques or in galleries.

Bring Home Treasures from down the Ages

Aswan, spice market

Opening times
Bazaars and boutiques normally open around 9:00 am or 10:00 am and close at 9:00 pm to 10:00 pm in the evening, with no break. In Cairo, boutiques stay open all day. On Friday, shops close in the afternoon at prayer time.

Payment
Credit cards are more and more widely accepted; travellers cheques less frequently. Payment in cash can be usually done in main foreign currencies in hotels and bazaars, but for small shops, during visits and in supermarkets, payment in cash has to be done by Egyptian pound.

Aswan, one of Egypts largest souks

Cairo, pedestrian street

Cairo, Khan el-Khalili souk

Merchant wearing finely embroidered outfit

Narghile and good shisha !

Traditional dress

Good addresses

Bargaining

LOCAL CUSTOMS

Craftwork and clothing in all the bazaars and in specialised boutiques: in Cairo: Khan el-Khalili bazaar, Kerdasa bazaar, Marketing Link Programme (organisation that supports ancient craftwork traditions) and shops like Nomad, Egypt Craft Centre, Al-Khatoun, Dr Ragab Papyrus Institute, Safari and Senouhi Take a look too, at the shopping malls in the town centre: World Trade Centre, First Residence Mall at Giza, Horreyya Mall at Heliopolis, Ramses Hilton Mall, City Stars Luxor Bazaar: spices and fabric. Aswan Bazaar: Nubian baskets, embroidered shawls in El Arish: Bedouin craftwork, jewellery in Alexandria: El-Attarine bazaar, specialist in old objects and bric-a-brac (Real antiquities may not be exported).

This is a ritual in Egypt. The idea is for the buyer to reach a mutual agreement with the seller by arguing over the price. It is quite common for the seller to invite the buyer for a tea or a coffee inside his boutique.

ACCOMMODATION
Hotels
Throughout Egypt, there are numerous hotels offering a wide range of prices and various quality services. At the top of the range: Old style palaces: Mena House Oberoi in Giza (constructed in 1860), l'Auberge du lac in the Fayoum oasis (ancient hunting pavilion of King Farouk), the Cataract in Aswan (opened in 1899), the Winter Palace at Luxor (a wing built in the 19th century), As-Salamlek in Alexandria, a palace constructed in 1822 The major international hotel chains (Hilton, Sheraton, Marriott, Sofitel, Meridien, Mvenpick, Swissotel, Four Seasons, Conrad) and the 4/5-star r hotel complexes in the tourist zones.

Dream in a Palace made of Stone or a Temple of Sand

Sharm el-Sheikh, floral garden

There are cheaper middle range hotels and lower range budget hotels whose services, staff and general condition vary from one establishment to another. They are independently managed. 2 and 3 star hotels often have a caf or a little restaurant. Rooms are air-conditioned and have bathrooms and hotels may have a small swimming pool.

Camping
Several basic camp sites near towns and in the oases. Avoid camping in the wild.

Aswan, Old Cataract Hotel

Sharm el-Sheikh, fresh or salt water?

Oberoi Hotel

Four Seasons Hotel

Accommodation closer to nature:

Shark's Bay Camp in Sharm El-Sheikh, beach camp managed by Bedouins with a dive centre. Bishbishi Camp in Dahab, on the beach. Jasmine Village in Hurghada, a few bungalows with a dive centre and children games. Red Sea Diving Safari at Mersa Alam, tents, cabins and chalets in the bay. Basata at Nuweiba, ecological complex of bamboo and unfired-brick cabins on a private beach (no diving). Dakhla Bedouin Camp (Western desert). Adrere Amellal in Siwa: first eco-lodge, organic cooking and swimming pool created from a Roman bath and its source.

USEFUL INFORMATION
Facilities: five-star hotels always have many restaurants, bar, nightclub or discotheques, swimming pool, Fitness or workout centre In the tourist resorts, most hotels can organise various activities: trips, guided tours, excursions in traditional boats or sports (golf, diving, horse riding, cycle rent).

NEW

USEFUL INFORMATION

GENERAL INFORMATION
Geography
The surface area of Egypt is about one million km2, 97% of which is desert. Consequently, 95% of the inhabitants live on only 4% of the land. The Nile crosses Egypt from South to North. The country is divided into 26 administrative provinces. Cairo is the capital and some of the main cities are Alexandria, Port Said and Aswan.

Useful Information
Cairo, Egyptian museum, Tutankhamens treasure Fruit from the fertile Nile Plain

Climate
There are four climatic regions in Egypt: Mediterranean on the Alexandria coast, semi-desert in the Cairo region, temperate along the Nile valley and desert in the South of the country.

Temperatures
Nov Luxor Cairo Red Sea 20 19 24

(Celsius average daily) Dec Jan Feb 16 15 22 14 11 20 16 13 21

March 19 14 24

April 21 22 28

May 38 28 30

June 40 32 32

July 40 34 33

August 39 33 34

Sept 37 32 32

Oct 34 29 29

Kharga Oasis, ancient 11th century fortified town

From the end of September to the end of November: pleasantly hot (25 to 35C from North to South). Mid-December to mid-March: cold in the North of the country, pleasant on the Red Sea. From June to September: hot and dry season 25 to 40.

Population
Egypt has a population of 72 million, 45% of whom live in towns. Cairo: over 17 million inhabitants, Alexandria over 4 million.

Language
The official language is Arabic. English and French are fairly widespread, particularly in tourist towns. German and Italian are spoken in many hotels on the Red Sea. Egyptian Arabic contains many local dialects including Coptic.

Aswan, Nile fishermen

Some things havent changed in thousands of years

Cairo, sculpted wooden mashrabiya screen

BEFORE YOU LEAVE

Formalities
You must buy a visa to be allowed entry into Egypt. This can be obtained from the Consulate or at the airport (for some nationalities only) on your arrival in the country. The list of countries for which this is true may be obtained from Egyptian consulates. Your passport must be valid 6 months after the end of your visit. Customs officers may ask to see your return ticket.

Time difference
Egypt is 2 hours ahead of GMT. Summer time begins the Friday before or after the 1st of May. Wintertime starts on the Friday which follows the 30th of September.

Vaccinations
No vaccinations are required for travellers coming from Europe.

Clothing
Light cotton clothing, a hat, sunscreen lotion and sunglasses, but pack something warm for the cool evenings.
Giza, the Sphinx, enigmatic creature of stone

USEFUL INFORMATION
THE VACATION
Guides
Only Egyptian guides are allowed to operate in the tourist sites and in the Museums. They all have Institute of Egyptology qualifications.

Photography
Common sizes of films (with speeds of 100 or 200 asa) are found easily in Egypt. It is better to have your films developed when you get back home. Flash photography is not permitted in museums and tombs in order to protect the treasures on display. It is forbidden to take pictures in most of museums and tombs. A tax has to be paid for pictures and video taken inside tourist sites. If you have a digital camera, be sure it is well protected against dust and sand. There is a tax on video photography and no filming is allowed at the Aswan Dam or in the Valley of Kings.

Luxor, left bank: contemporary frescos Abydos, Temple of Seti 1st

Giza Plateau

Families
Egypts tourism offer is well suited to families, with its large range of activities for children and teenagers: many visits to the historical sites, exploring national parks to discover the varied fauna and flora, various sports (including diving, sailing, hiking, fun board, beach clubs, etc.).

Women
A woman can travel alone in Egypt. Take care to dress appropriately (modestly especially when visiting mosques and churches).

Aswan, adobe houses

Currency
The national currency is the Egyptian Pound often indicated by the initials LE or EGP. In Arabic it is called the guineh. One pound is divided into 100 piasters or irsh in Arabic. You will find cash dispensers in large towns and some hotels.

Postal service
You can buy stamps at post offices and your hotel reception desk. A stamp for a letter to Europe costs 1.3 EGP, it should take about a week (but allow longer at Ramadan). Post offices are closed on Fridays.

Internet
There are many cybercafs in most of the towns throughout Egypt. The rates for connection vary from 5 to 20 EGP per hour.

Payments
Credit cards and travellers cheques are accepted in the large hotels and larger boutiques. Most tourist shops accept foreign currency, except small shops, during visits and in supermarkets where youll need Egyptian pounds.

Opening times
Offices are normally open from 9:00 am to 2:00 pm every day, without interruption, except Friday and public holidays. Banks are closed on Fridays and Saturdays. Most shops are open from 10:00 am to 9:00 pm every day except Sunday. Note: during Ramadan, all opening times are modified.

Edfu, Temple of Horus

Tipping
Bakchich is not only widespread in Egypt, but it is a veritable institution. Anyone offering a service, however small, expects a tip in return. For example, it is normal in a restaurant, even when the service is included, to leave a small tip.

Telephone
Cash and card payphones are found throughout Egypt (cards are sold in small shops often close to the telephone kiosks).
Mersa Alam

Internal transport
The fastest way to get from one tourist area to another is by air (airports at Cairo, Alexandria, Luxor, Aswan, Hurghada, Sharm El-Sheikh, Taba, Borg-el-Arab, Assiut). Intercity buses and train are more economical. In town, taxis and minibuses are an easy way of getting around. Cairo has an underground system

Luxor, feluccas on the Nile

ADDRESSES

AUSTRIA
gyptische Botschaft gyptisches Fremdenverkehrsamt Opernring 3/3/301-303 1010 Wien - AUSTRIA Tel.: (+43) 15 876 633
Email: trade.at@egypt.travel

FRANCE
Bureau du Tourisme d'Egypte 90, avenue des Champs Elyses 75008 Paris - FRANCE Tel.: (+33) 145 629 442
Email: trade.fr@egypt.travel

RUSSIA & UKRAINE

Egyptian Tourist Authority 87, Vavilova St. Suite 16-17/4th Floor Moscow 117 335 - RUSSIA Tel.: (+74) 951 344 083
Email: trade.ru@egypt.travel

GERMANY
gyptisches Fremdenverkehrsamt Kaiserstr. 66 60329 Frankfurt/M - GERMANY Tel.: (+49) 692 523 19
Email: trade.de@egypt.travel

BELGIUM, LUXEMBOURG & NETHERLANDS

Office du Tourisme d'gypte 179, avenue Louise 1050 Bruxelles - BELGIUM Tel.: (+32) 264 738 07
Email: trade.be@egypt.travel

SPAIN & PORTUGAL

Oficina de Turismo Egipto Gran Va, 78 Planta 8 28013 Madrid - SPAIN Tel.: (+34) 915 592 121
Email: trade.es@egypt.travel

GREECE & TURKEY

Egyptian Tourist Authority 1st Floor - 5, Solonos Street 10671 Athens - GREECE Tel: (+30) 210 360 6906
Email: trade.el@egypt.travel

SWEDEN, DENMARK, FINLAND & NORWAY

Embassy of Egypt Tourist Office P.O. Box 3081 Drottninggatan 65 SE-103 61 Stockholm - SWEDEN Tel.: (+46) 810 2548
Email: trade.se@egypt.travel

Local Tourist Office Addresses

CANADA
Egyptian Tourist Authority 1253 McGill College Avenue, Suite 250 Montreal H3B 2Y5 - CANADA Tel.: (+1) 514 861 4420
Email: trade.ca@egypt.travel

INDIA
Egyptian Consulate Tourism Office 48, World Trade Centre Cuffe Parade Mumbai 400 005 - INDIA Tel.: (+91) 22 2218 95 43
Email: trade.in@egypt.travel

SWITZERLAND
gyptisches Fremdenverkehrsamt Marktgasse, 59 3011 Bern - SWITZERLAND Tel.: (+41) 313 112 210
Email: trade.ch@egypt.travel

ITALY
Ufficio Turistico Egiziano Via Bissolati, 19 00187 Roma - ITALY Tel.: (+39) 064 874 219
Email: trade.it@egypt.travel

UNITED KINGDOM & IRELAND

Egyptian State Tourist Office Egyptian House 170 Piccadilly London W1J 9EJ - UNITED KINGDOM Tel.: (+44) 207 493 5283
Email: trade.uk@egypt.travel

JAPAN
Embassy of Egypt Egyptology & Tourist Promotion Office Hoshima Bldg. 3F, 4-2,2- chome, Azabudai, Minato-ku Tokyo - JAPAN - 106 - 0041 Tel.: (+81) 335 89 06 53
Email: trade.jp@egypt.travel

USA
Egyptian Tourist Authority 630 Fifth Avenue Suite 2305 New York 10111 - USA Tel.: (+1) 212 332 2570
Email: trade.us@egypt.travel

CHINA
Egyptian Tourist Office Air China Plaza 1001A, No.36 Xiao Yun Rad Chaoyang District Beijing - CHINA Tel.: (+86) 108 447 5180
Email: trade.cn@egypt.travel Temple of Wadi el-Sebua

POLAND, CZECH REPUBLIC, HUNGARY & SLOVAKIA

Ambasada Egiptu Biuro ds. Turystyki al. Niepodleglosci 69 02-626 Warszawa - POLAND Tel.: (+48) 223 227 002
Email: trade.pl@egypt.travel

Egyptian Tourist Authority - Misr travel Tower - Abbassia Square - Cairo - EGYPT
DDB Travel & Tourism - 443 247 168 RCS Paris - Ch. Munds - J. Sierpinski Pixtal Graphic Obsession Corbis Diaporama A. de Boistesselin Masterfile Authors Image - Iconotec.