Prof. T. L.

Frison

Cell Phones Off Please!! No food or drinks!

4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure and Function

Regulates the entrance and exit of molecules into and

out of the cell Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins

Hydrophilic polar heads Hydrophobic nonpolar tails Cholesterol (animal cells)

Fluid-mosaic Model of Plasma Membrane Structure

4.1 Plasma Membrane Structure and Function

Types of Membrane Proteins
Channel Proteins Carrier Proteins Cell Recognition Proteins Receptor Proteins Enzymatic

Proteins

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Differentially (selectively) Permeable Factors that determine how a substance may be

transported across a plasma membrane:

Size Polar or Nonpolar

How Molecules Cross the Plasma Membrane

Passage of Molecules into and out of the Cell

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Diffusion and Osmosis

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration

Process of Diffusion

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Diffusion and Osmosis Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher to lower concentration Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide are two gases that can diffuse through the plasma membrane

Gas Exchange in Lungs

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane.

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane. Osmotic pressure is the pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis.

Osmosis Demonstration

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Osmosis
Isotonic:

the solute concentration is equal inside and outside of a cell

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Osmosis
Isotonic:

the solute concentration is equal inside and outside of a cell

Hypotonic:

a solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of a cell

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Osmosis
Isotonic:

the solute concentration is equal inside and outside of a cell

Hypotonic:

a solution has a lower solute concentration than the inside of a cell

a solution has a higher solute concentration than the inside of a cell

Hypertonic:

Osmosis in Animal and Plant Cells

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Transport by Carrier Proteins Carrier proteins combine with a molecule or ion to be transported across the membrane.

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Transport by Carrier Proteins Carrier proteins combine with a molecule or ion to be transported across the membrane.
Carrier proteins are required for:

Facilitated Transport

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Transport by Carrier Proteins Carrier proteins combine with a molecule or ion to be transported across the membrane.
Carrier proteins are required for:

Facilitated Transport Active Transport

Facilitated Transport

Small molecules that are not lipid-soluble

Molecules combine with carrier proteins

Molecules follow the concentration gradient ATP is not required

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Active Transport Small molecules
Molecules combine with carrier proteins Molecules move against the concentration gradient ATP is required

The Sodium-Potassium Pump

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Vesicle Formation Transport of large molecules
Requires ATP energy Keeps the macromolecule contained

4.2 Permeability of the Plasma Membrane

Vesicle Formation
Exocytosis - Vesicles form as a way to transport

molecules out of a cell

Exocytosis

 Vesicle Formation Endocytosis - Vesicles form as a way to transport molecules into a cell

Vesicle Formation
Vesicle Formation Endocytosis - Vesicles form as a way to transport molecules into a cell

Phagocytosis: Large,particulate matter

Vesicle Formation
Vesicle Formation Endocytosis - Vesicles form as a way to transport molecules into a cell

Phagocytosis: Large,particulate matter Pinocytosis: Liquids and small particles dissolved in liquid

Vesicle Formation
Vesicle Formation Endocytosis - Vesicles form as a way to transport molecules into a cell

Phagocytosis: Large,particulate matter Pinocytosis: Liquids and small particles dissolved in liquid Receptor Mediated Endocytosis: A type of pinocytosis that involves a coated pit

Three Methods of Endocytosis