Business Research Method Why Students Have Beard

Business Research Method
Why Students Have Beard
Why student have Beard
Mr. Armgahn Mazhar
Akmal Siddiqui Ahmad Abbas Ata Ul hassan
International Islamic University Islamabad
We dedicate our research paper to our parents and our teacher Mr.Armghan Mazhar.
All our thanks to Almighty Allah who has given us the power to accomplish our research paper successfully. We would like to thanks to Sir Armghan Mazhar who gave us an opportunity to learn many things about research methods. We also wish to express our appreciation to our respected teacher Mr. Armghan Mazhar who introduce and give us the lectures about the research techniques.
Introduction:
Definition: A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin, cheeks and neck of human beings. Usually, only adult males are able to grow beards. When differentiating between upper and lower facial hair, a beard specifically includes the moustache, which refers to hair above the upper lip and around it. Biologists characterize beards as secondary sexual characteristics because they are unique to one gender, yet do not play a direct role in reproduction.
Impact of Beard on students: The purpose of this research study is to investigate and
understand the elements or variables that lead to have beard. As in our Pakistani society most of people dont like beard person and they think that he might be some type of person who may involve some terror activities. So in this point of view there is lot impact on the students who are having beard because of religion as they may not involve any type of this activity but they suffer because of those who involved. As before 1400 years there were also institution where mostly students like to had have beard and they were given priority on different matters they were like and considered most intelligent and kind students but in current time when we have a sight on beard person we dont like to trust on them, we dont like to have their company this is because of those people who have beard but dont respect its greatness. This thing has bad effect on those students who have beard. It is having a good impact on the beard students because they are also given respect in class because in reciting of Holy Quran they are given preference for this.
Statement of Problem
Why students have beard? Is it fashion, religious or due to some other factors?
Exploratory Research: As there are lots of secondary researches on this topic but for
primary research we did research to explore the reality that what people like and dislike in beard. For deep study we collected the data through questionnaires and knew lot of things which one cannot reach directly. We used to fill out questionnaires from International Islamic University Islamabad we targeted 105 peoples and get data about different aspects including their father occupation, age, area, degree program etc through asking different questions to know what exactly their views about beard are either they are having it for some disease, fashion or some sort of pressure.
Literature Review:
Beards in religion: Beards also play an important role in some religions. 1. Christianity:
In Eastern Christianity, beards are often worn by members of the priesthood and by monastics, and at times have been recommended for all believers. Amish and Hutt rite men shave until they are married, then grow a beard and are never thereafter without one, although it is a particular form of a beard but now in this modern time most of Christian students prefer clean shave over beard.
2. Hinduism:
The beard is also a sign of a nomadic and ascetic lifestyle. An Indian Hindu sadhu with full beard. The ancient text followed regarding beards depends on the Deva and other teachings, varying according to whom the devotee worships or follows. Many Sadhus, Yogis, or Yoga practitioners keep beards, and represent all situations of life.
3. Islam:
The Prophet Muhammad viewed growing a beard as Sunnah. Trimming the mustaches is one of the fitra. There are those who view it as a Sunnah and they may argue that it has an equivalent status to the nine other acts of fitrah, of the sa adth about the ten acts of fitrah, but this argument is considered weak by many at best. Beard according to Quran and Hazrat Mohammad (PBUH): Concerning Adherence to the Sunnah in the Holy Qur'an: "O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you." (Quran 4:59) "O ye who believe! Obey Allah and His Messenger, and turn not away from him when ye hear (him speak)." (Quran 8:20) "O ye who believe! Give your response to Allah and His Messenger, when He calleth you to that which will give you life; and know that Allah cometh in between a man and his heart, and that it is He to whom ye shall (all) be gathered."(Quran 8:24). Mohammad PBUH said, I have no connection with one who shaves, shouts and tears his clothing e.g. in grief or affrication." "Trim closely the moustache, and let the beard flow (Grow)." : "Act against contrary to the polytheists, trim closely the moustache and grow the beard." "Trim closely the moustache and grow the beard." If we look at different countries history we found that The Persians were fond of long beards. In ancient India, the beard was allowed to grow long, a symbol of dignity and of wisdom. Shaving seems to have not been known to the Romans during their early history (under the Kings of Rome and the early Republic). P. Ticinius was the first who brought a barber to Rome, which was in the 454th year from the founding of the city.
The Beard according to the Great Imams of Jurisprudence o Hanafi

Imam Muhammad (R.A.) writes in his book "KitabulAathaar" where he relates from Imam Abu Hanifa (R.A.) who relates from HadhratHaytham (R.A.) who relates from Ibn Omar (R.A.) that he (Ibn Omar) used to hold his beard in his hand and cut off which was longer. Imam Muhammad (R.A.) says that this is what we follow and this was the decision of Imam Abu Hanifa. Therefore, according to Hanafies, to shorten the beard less than a FIST LENGTH is HARAAM and on this is IJMA (concensus of opinion).
o Shafis
Imam Shafis (R.A.) in his Kitabul Umm states, "To shave the beard is HARAAM." (Shari MinhajdarSharaFaslAqueeqa).
o Maaliki
Sheikh Ahmad Nafarawi Maliki in the commentary of Imam Abu Zayed's booklet states, "To shave the beard is without doubt haraam according to all Imams." It is also mention in "Tamheed" which is a commentary of "Muatta" (Sunnan Imam Malik (R.A.)) that to shave the beard is HARAAM and among males the only ones to resort to this practice (of shaving) are the HERMAPHRODITES (persons who possess both male and female features and characteristics).
o Hanbali
The Hanbalies in the famous Al-Khanie'aHanbaliFatawaKitab state that "to grow the beard is essential and to shave it is HARAAM." Also in the HanbaliMathab books "SharahulMuntahaa" and "SharrManzoomatulAadaab", it is stated "The most accepted view is that it is HARAAM (prohibited to shave the beard)."
Research Questions & objectives:

At the end of this heading we draw a model showing the relationship among variables. The model includes the dependent and independent variables in at. At right mid there is a square box is given name Beard thats our dependent variable and on the left top bottom independent variables are mentioned in 6 different square boxes.
Independent Variables
FIG#1
Fashion
Religious
Dependent Variable
Family
Beard
Disease
Laziness
Time
Driving Variables
FIG#2
Age CGPA Father Occupation Region Degree/ Program POCKET MONEY

Explanation of
Figure #1
Fashion is one of the most important independent variable, most of people have beard due to fashion because they are influenced by some celebrity. Most of the people have beard because he belong to some religious family or he liked religion or either he is studying some religious subjects. Family is also very important independent variable because most of student belongs to some religious family or their parents force them. Some students face facial problems i.e. they have pimples on their face. Laziness is also affecting beard as there are some students who have beard because they are so lazy they have time but they dont want. Time is another variable as some students are so busy in their studies so they often dont waste their time.
Explanation of
Figure #2
Age is a driving variable because with maturity students like to have bearded i.e. the PHD students prefer beard as compared to Masters Students and Masters Students prefer more than bachelor students. More CGPA with more chances to have beard because the students dont want to waste their time they prefer to spend that time on their studies. Father Occupation is also having affected on beard because if the students father is Imam in any mosque than defiantly he will force his son to have beard. Region as in Pakistan the students from KPK have more chances to have beard as compared to the other provinces of Pakistan because the peoples belongs to KPK related to some sort of religious parties like Jamat Islami. Degree also affect because the students from Shariah department have more chances to have beard than the students from faculty of management and sciences. Or the students who are studying in some sort of madrasas or studying Islamic subjects than they might have beard. Pocket Money also affects the beard because most of the student have beard or long shaves because they have no money in their pocket.
In short the objective of our research is to measure the effect of all independent variables that what they are having effect on beard as shown in given model and to measure the overall attitude of students towards beard.
Research Questionnaire:
Why students have beard? Is it due to fashion or due to religion? Age.. C.GPA. Degree/Program.. City..
Father Occupation Pocket Money.

Q No .
1
Question
Strongly Agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Beard Indicate In Islamic Religion Beard Suit Every Personality You have beard because of fashion Bearded person is Consider as terrorist in our society Beard is Essential Element for Religious scholar Beard Is Appreciated in our Culture
2 3
Business Research Method 7
Bearded person is Consider critical thinking in the society You have Beard Because of disease Beard is symbol of fashion Without Beard people are looking handsome Most of young people have no Beard Beard is hurdle for young people marriage You have beard because society, culture and religion force you You have beard because of your family Your Father force you to have beard People Have beard because of laziness Do you think Beard stop you from committing sine? You like beard In what age people like to have beard? You have beard because of
Long Less than 20 Fashion Short Above than 20 French In Old age Italian After marriage Family Other Other
9 10 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 19
20
Laziness Religious
Other
Methodology Target population: Target population for this study is the students of International
Islamic University Islamabad who were having beard due to different causes that may be fashion, disease or due to Islamic studies. We target 105 students from all over the university from different faculties and collect the data for analyzing.
Frame work: The sampling frame for this study is all currently studying students in
Islamic University found in 746 acre in Islamabad.
Sampling Size & Sample unit: We fill out 105 questionnaires randomly from all
over the male campus and conducted the results for our research on this topic. Our target was the individual people have selected using random sampling method.
Data collection techniques: Type of survey: our survey is combination of likert, nominal and ordinal scales. We
select some different locations in Islamabad including the male campus of iiui, hostels of iiui at H-10 and the Kuwait hostel in E-7.
Sampling Method: Our sampling method for collecting the data was very
simple we divided our work and selected three places one from our male campus iiui, secondly we visit the hostels of iiui at h-10 sector and Kuwait hostels at E-7. The administrator distributes the questionnaires in different times in different days. Approximately it took 3 to 4 days in collecting the proper data from the target population. We use to fill out our questions mostly in evening when we were free from our classes.
Sampling Procedure: We just visited our targeted areas and meet peoples
after distributing the questionnaires we latterly explained to them and if they
faced any problem or confusion we help by explaining that thing to him and surely made helpful to give right answers.
Research Design: Our research paper was design for knowing the reality of what
people think about beard or the person who has beard. For this purpose first of all we visited different websites to know about the previous researches on this topic but we were not able to find so much material about our topic so we started from designing questionnaires. Our questionnaire is shown above in which we put driving variables like age, cgpa, father occupation, region etc that what these variables have effect on beard. Then we put the questions with 5 choices to facilitate the students and to make it sure that they are responding correctly or very near to correct answers and after result we found this thing that mostly the given answers were very near to reality. We visited to male campus, hostels and specially Kuwait hostel which is far from university campus we find different students having beard that was either because of fashion, any disease or because of religion. By using these resources we obtain the data of 105 students who gave us feed back in shape of filling those questionnaires, we put that all data in SPSS and analyze that and the best thing which we find that the whole process from designing questionnaires till the end when we find the results in SPSS was really very interesting.
Descriptive Statistics
Significance Level: We strived to meet at least 95 % significance for all of our tests Descriptive Statistics Following are the Statistics of sample population. Sample mean ages Age 20.08 Maximum 33 Degree Program Graduation 85.7% CGPA Maximum 4.00 City KPK 16.2% Punjab 32.4% 10.5% Minimum 1.80 Baluchistan 9.5% Sindh 7.6% Capital Gilgit/Baltistan 28.6% 5.7% Minimum 18 Master 3.8% PHD
Father Occupation
Aalim 8.6%
Businessman 37.1%
Doctor OR Engineer 7.6%
Govt.Servent 46.7%
Pocket Money
Maximum 22000
Minimum 4000
INFRENCIAL STATISTICS
Explanation of Appendix#1
We have used one-way ANOVA to test Beard is essential for religious scholars by different age groups of students. Our test is significant 0.21 as less than 0.05. Total respondents were 105 from different ages. The result we find that the age groups who are of 18,24,25 and 28 are STRONGLY AGREE, the students with ages 19,20,21,22,23 and 27 are AGREE, whereas only the students of age 26 are NEUTRAL and the students who are above than 30 and less than 33 are DISAGREE with this statement. The overall result we found that most of the students are AGREE with this statement.
We used one-way ANOVA to test Beard is a symbol of Fashion. To know the results we target the students of different degrees including undergraduate, masters and PHD students. This becomes significant 0.042. Total respondents were 105. The results we found are, undergraduate students are 90 and the average we find that most of the undergraduate remain NEUTRAL with mean 3.69, whereas the total students from masters are 11 and they are DISAGREE with this statement with mean 4.75 and PHD students were only 4 who are STRONGLY DISAGREE with mean 4.75. The overall result founded is that most of the students are DISAGREE with this statement with mean 3.80.
ANOVA test we used while the question was your father force to have beard by comparing it with the CGPA of students. Results are significant 0.024 as less than 0.05. We found that the students with CGPA 1.80,2.20,2.71,2.75,2.89,3.21,3.31,3.45,3.60,3.71,3.75,3.83, and 3.95 are STRONGLY DISAGREE with this statement. Students with CGPA 2.60,2.65,2.70,2.77,2.90,3.00,3.10,3.13,3.27,3.30,3.40,3.50,3.55,3.57,3.68,3.80,3.90,3.94 and 4.00 are DISAGREE with this statement. Student with CGPA 2.73, 2.80, 2.84, 2.85, 3.06, 3.16, 3.33, 3.38 and 3.70 are NEUTRAL.
Students with CGPA 2.30, 2.50, 3.20 and 3.64 are AGREE while the students with 3.62 and 3.01 are STRONGLY AGREE with this statement. The overall result with mean 3.90 shows that most of students are DISAGREE with this statement.
ANOVA test we use while question was Beard is appreciated in our culture by comparing it with the CGPA of students. Result is significant 0.021 as then 0.05.We found that students with CGPA 2.20 and 3.58 are STRONGLY DISAGREE with this statement. Students with CGPA 2.89, 3.13, 3.27, 3.33, 3.55 and 3.95 are DISAGREE with this statement. Students with CGPA 2.70, 2.57, 2.75, 2.85, 2.60, 3.45 and 3.50 are NEUTRAL. Student with CGPA 1.80,2.50,2.71,2.77,2.80,2.90,3.00,3.10,3.30,3.31,3.40,3.68,3.70,3.75,3.80 and 4.00 are AGREE with this statement. Students with CGPA 2.30,3.60,2.62,2.65,2.73,2.84,3.01,3.06,3.13,3.21,3.60,3.64,3.71,3.83,3.90 and 3.94 are STRONGLY AGREE with this statement. The overall result which found is AGREE with mean 2.16.
ANOVA test we use while question was you have beard because of your family by comparing it with the CGPA of students. Result is significant 0.18 as then 0.05.We found that students with CGPA 1.80, 2.73, 3.21, 3.45, 3.58, 3.60, 3.64, 3.71, 3.83, 3.95 and 4.00(4.67) are STRONGLY DISAGREE. Students with CGPA 2.65,2.70,2.71,2.75,2.89,2.90,3.00,3.10,3.13,3.27,3.30(3.86),3.55,3.57,3.68,3.75,3.80,3.90 and 3.94 are DISAGREE with this statement. Students with CGPA 2.60, 2.80, 2.84, 2.85, 3.20, 3.33, 3.40 and 3.50 are NEUTRAL. Students with CGPA 2.30, 2.50, 2.77, 3.01, 3.16, 3.20, 3.31 and 3.70 are AGREE with this statement. Students with CGPA 2.20, 2.62 and 3.06 are STRONGLY AGREE.
The overall result we found that most of the students are very near to DISAGREE with this statement with mean 3.69.
We use ANOVA test on the question Beard is appreciated in our culture and we compare this with the cities. We find the value is very near to significant which 0.062 is. In this we found that the student from KPK is 17 and they are agreeing with this statement with mean 1.88. While the students of Punjab which are 34, they are also agree with this statement with mean 2.44. The students from Baluchistan are 10 and they are neutral with mean 2.80(which are very close to neutral). The students from Sindh are 8 and they are AGREE with the statement with mean 1.88. The students from capital(Islamabad) are 30 and they are AGREE with mean 1.83 whereas the students from Gilgit Baltistan are 6 and they are also AGREE with this statement having mean 2.33. The overall result we found that most of students from all over Pakistan are AGREE with this statement with mean 2.16.
We apply ANOVA to the question Beard is essential for religious scholars and when we compare it with the students fathers occupations we found another value which is not significant but very close to it 0.078. After test we found that the students whose fathers are AALIM they are 9 and they are AGREE with this statement with mean 2.44. The students whose fathers are BUSINESSMEN they are 39 and they are also AGREE with this statement with mean 2.00. The students whose fathers are DOCTORS/ENGINEERS are 8 and they are NEUTRAL with mean 3.00. Whereas the students whose fathers are GOVERNMENT SERVENTS, they are 49 and they are AGREE with this statement with mean 2.10.
The overall result which we found is mean 2.16 which shows that most of the students are AGREE with this statement.
We applied one-way ANOVA test to question you have Beard because of fashion against variable Pocket money and found significant result 0.015 which is less than 0.050.We found that the students whose pocket money 4000,7000,10000 and 20000 they are NEUTRAL and the student whose pocket money 6000, 8000,9000,12000 and 15000 they DISAGREE with the statement and the student whose pocket money is 18000 he is STRONGLY AGREE and the student with the pocket money 22000 he only AGREEs with the statement with means 3.71,3.42,3.92,3.25,4.38,4.15,3.50,4.50,4.29,1.00,3.22,2.50 and 3.69. The overall result which we found is mean 3.69 which shows that most of the students are NEUTRAL with this statement.
We applied one-way ANOVA test to question Beard is essential element for religious scholars against variable Pocket money and found significant result 0.006 which is less than 0.050.We found that the students whose pocket money 4000,7000,18000 and 22000 they are NEUTRAL with the statement with means 3.00, 2.63, 3.00 and 3.50 and the students whose pocket money 5000,6000,9000,15000 and 20000 they are AGREE with means 2.26,2.08,2.23,1.57 and 2.33 respectively and the students with pocket money 8000 and 12000 they are STRONGLY AGREE with means 1.50 and 1.25 with the statement. The overall result which we found is mean 2.16 which shows that most of the students are AGREE with this statement.
DISCUSSION
There is no research done on this topic in IIUI. This is first research on this topic. We have found significant results between the independent variables and Beard and also with the driving variables (Age, degree/program, CGPA, city, father occupation and pocket money).
Conclusion: We have done too much hard work in completing this project. As
the conclusion is concern we find lot of facts after researching this topic primarily and deeply. We obtain the data of 105 students from which the fathers of 9 students are Aalim, 39 are businessmen, 8 are doctors and 49 are government servants. The content we fine are following Students who belong to some spiritual family having positive attitude towards beard they dont refer it as a fashion activity. Students who are having more CGPA they also have given positive answer about beard that it is symbol of a respected person, they call it as most respected among all. But some of them have beard because of shortage of time. This can be because of that they not want to waste their time in shaving they prefer to spend that time on study. One thing that we find after this research is the education level. The students of graduation they dont like the beard as religious point as compared to masters student and the student who are in masters they like the beard and show positive attitude towards the person who is having beard as religious obligation but not so much as compared to the students who are in higher education like PHD and MS. We obtain the data of 105 students and we come to know that the sons of Aalim fathers are having beard either because of their father who force them to have beard or because they belong to a spiritual family. Then the sons of business men, doctors/engineers or of government servants are having beard either because of some fashion like French, Italian or because of any disease (very little). But if we look at overall point of view of all students then we came to know that being a Muslim they dont hate beard but some of all students avoid to have the friends who have beard it may be because of their dislikes or because of some bad peoples who are involved in bad activities in society like suicide attackers mostly have seen in beard, or because of those who are in madrasas and are extremists.
Appendix#01
Descriptives Beard is Essential Element for Religious scholar 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 33 Total 1 6 31 22 13 11 4 9 2 2 2 1 1 105 Mean 1.00 2.00 2.58 1.91 1.92 2.36 1.25 1.56 3.00 2.50 1.50 4.00 4.00 2.16 Std. Deviation . 1.095 1.148 .868 1.038 .809 .500 .882 1.414 .707 .707 . . 1.057 Std. Error . .447 .206 .185 .288 .244 .250 .294 1.000 .500 .500 . . .103 Lower Bound . .85 2.16 1.52 1.30 1.82 .45 .88 -9.71 -3.85 -4.85 . . 1.96 Upper Bound . 3.15 3.00 2.29 2.55 2.91 2.05 2.23 15.71 8.85 7.85 . . 2.37 Minimum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 4 4 1 Maximum 1 4 5 4 4 4 2 3 4 3 2 4 4 5
ANOVA Beard is Essential Element for Religious scholar Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 25.440 90.807 116.248 Df 12 92 104 Mean Square 2.120 .987 F 2.148 Sig. .021
Appendix#2
Descriptives Beard is symbol of fashion 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N under Graduate Master PHD Total 90 11 4 105 Mean 3.69 4.36 4.75 3.80 Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum 1.167 .809 .500 1.147 .123 .244 .250 .112 3.44 3.82 3.95 3.58 3.93 4.91 5.55 4.02 1 3 4 1 5 5 5 5
ANOVA Beard is symbol of fashion Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 8.216 128.584 136.800 df 2 102 104 Mean Square 4.108 1.261 F 3.259 Sig. .042
Appendix 3
Descriptives Your Father force you to have beard 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N 1.80 2.20 2.30 2.50 2.60 2.62 2.65 2.70 2.71 2.73 2.75 2.77 2.80 2.84 2.85 2.89 2.90 3.00 3.01 3.06 3.10 3.13 3.16 3.20 3.21 3.27 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 12 1 1 9 1 1 5 1 1 Mean 5.00 5.00 2.50 2.00 4.00 1.00 4.00 4.29 5.00 3.00 5.00 4.00 3.50 3.00 3.00 5.00 4.50 4.33 1.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 2.40 5.00 4.00 Std. Deviation . . 2.121 1.414 .000 . . .756 . . . . 1.732 . . . .577 .651 . . .866 . . 1.517 . . Std. Error . . 1.500 1.000 .000 . . .286 . . . . .866 . . . .289 .188 . . .289 . . .678 . . Lower Bound . . -16.56 -10.71 4.00 . . 3.59 . . . . .74 . . . 3.58 3.92 . . 3.33 . . .52 . . Upper Bound . . 21.56 14.71 4.00 . . 4.98 . . . . 6.26 . . . 5.42 4.75 . . 4.67 . . 4.28 . . Minimum 5 5 1 1 4 1 4 3 5 3 5 4 2 3 3 5 4 3 1 3 2 4 3 1 5 4 Maximum 5 5 4 3 4 1 4 5 5 3 5 4 5 3 3 5 5 5 1 3 5 4 3 4 5 4
3.30 3.31 3.33 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.57 3.58 3.60 3.64 3.68 3.70 3.71 3.75 3.80 3.83 3.90 3.94 3.95 4.00 Total
7 1 1 5 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 105
4.00 5.00 3.00 3.60 5.00 4.40 4.00 4.50 3.00 5.00 2.00 4.00 3.33 5.00 5.00 4.50 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.90
.577 . . .548 . .894 . .707 . . . . 1.528 . . .707 . . . . 1.000 1.109
.218 . . .245 . .400 . .500 . . . . .882 . . .500 . . . . .577 .108
3.47 . . 2.92 . 3.29 . -1.85 . . . . -.46 . . -1.85 . . . . 1.52 3.68
4.53 . . 4.28 . 5.51 . 10.85 . . . . 7.13 . . 10.85 . . . . 6.48 4.11
3 5 3 3 5 3 4 4 3 5 2 4 2 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 3 1
5 5 3 4 5 5 4 5 3 5 2 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 5 5
ANOVA Your Father force you to have beard Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 73.986 53.862 127.848 Df 46 58 104 Mean Square 1.608 .929 F 1.732 Sig. .024
Appendix#4
Descriptives
Beard Is Appreciated in our Culture 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N 1.80 2.20 2.30 2.50 2.60 2.62 2.65 2.70 2.71 2.73 2.75 2.77 2.80 2.84 2.85 2.89 2.90 3.00 3.01 3.06 3.10 3.13 3.16 3.20 3.21 3.27 3.30 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 12 1 1 9 1 1 5 1 1 7 Mean 2.00 5.00 1.50 2.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.57 2.00 1.00 3.00 2.00 2.25 1.00 3.00 4.00 1.75 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.78 1.00 4.00 2.60 1.00 4.00 1.71 Std. Deviation . . .707 .707 .000 . . .976 . . . . 1.500 . . . .957 .953 . . .833 . . .548 . . .488 Std. Error . . .500 .500 .000 . . .369 . . . . .750 . . . .479 .275 . . .278 . . .245 . . .184 Lower Bound . . -4.85 -3.85 1.00 . . 1.67 . . . . -.14 . . . .23 1.39 . . 1.14 . . 1.92 . . 1.26 Upper Bound . . 7.85 8.85 1.00 . . 3.47 . . . . 4.64 . . . 3.27 2.61 . . 2.42 . . 3.28 . . 2.17 Minimum 2 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 2 1 4 1 Maximum 2 5 2 3 1 1 1 4 2 1 3 2 4 1 3 4 3 4 1 1 3 1 4 3 1 4 2
3.31 3.33 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.57 3.58 3.60 3.64 3.68 3.70 3.71 3.75 3.80 3.83 3.90 3.94 3.95 4.00 Total
1 1 5 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 105
2.00 4.00 2.20 3.00 3.00 4.00 2.50 5.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.33 1.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 4.00 2.33 2.16
. . .837 . 1.000 . .707 . . . . 1.528 . . .000 . . . . 1.528 1.084
. . .374 . .447 . .500 . . . . .882 . . .000 . . . . .882 .106
. . 1.16 . 1.76 . -3.85 . . . . -1.46 . . 2.00 . . . . -1.46 1.95
. . 3.24 . 4.24 . 8.85 . . . . 6.13 . . 2.00 . . . . 6.13 2.37
2 4 1 3 2 4 2 5 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 1
2 4 3 3 4 4 3 5 1 1 2 4 1 2 2 1 1 1 4 4 5
ANOVA Beard Is Appreciated in our Culture Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 71.216 51.032 122.248 Df 46 58 104 Mean Square 1.548 .880 F 1.760 Sig. .021
Appendix 5
Descriptives You have beard because of your family 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N 1.80 2.20 2.30 2.50 2.60 2.62 2.65 2.70 2.71 2.73 2.75 2.77 2.80 2.84 2.85 2.89 2.90 3.00 3.01 3.06 3.10 3.13 3.16 3.20 3.21 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 4 12 1 1 9 1 1 5 1 Mean 5.00 1.00 2.50 2.50 3.50 1.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 2.00 3.25 3.00 3.00 4.00 4.25 4.25 2.00 1.00 4.22 4.00 2.00 3.00 5.00 Std. Deviation Std. Error . . 2.121 2.121 .707 . . .816 . . . . 1.258 . . . .957 .622 . . .972 . . 1.414 . . . 1.500 1.500 .500 . . .309 . . . . .629 . . . .479 .179 . . .324 . . .632 . Lower Bound . . -16.56 -16.56 -2.85 . . 3.24 . . . . 1.25 . . . 2.73 3.86 . . 3.48 . . 1.24 . Upper Bound . . 21.56 21.56 9.85 . . 4.76 . . . . 5.25 . . . 5.77 4.64 . . 4.97 . . 4.76 . Minimum 5 1 1 1 3 1 4 3 4 5 4 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 2 1 2 4 2 1 5 Maximum 5 1 4 4 4 1 4 5 4 5 4 2 5 3 3 4 5 5 2 1 5 4 2 4 5
3.27 3.30 3.31 3.33 3.40 3.45 3.50 3.55 3.57 3.58 3.60 3.64 3.68 3.70 3.71 3.75 3.80 3.83 3.90 3.94 3.95 4.00 Total
1 7 1 1 5 1 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 105
4.00 3.86 2.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 3.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 4.00 2.33 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.67 3.69
. .378 . . 1.581 . 1.000 . .000 . . . . .577 . . 1.414 . . . . .577 1.171
. .143 . . .707 . .447 . .000 . . . . .333 . . 1.000 . . . . .333 .114
. 3.51 . . 1.04 . 1.76 . 4.00 . . . . .90 . . -8.71 . . . . 3.23 3.46
. 4.21 . . 4.96 . 4.24 . 4.00 . . . . 3.77 . . 16.71 . . . . 6.10 3.91
4 3 2 3 1 5 2 4 4 5 5 5 4 2 5 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 1
4 4 2 3 5 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 3 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 5
ANOVA You have beard because of your family Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 83.633 58.996 142.629 Df 46 58 104 Mean Square 1.818 1.017 F 1.787 Sig. .018
Appendix# 6
Descriptives Beard Is Appreciated in our Culture 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total 17 34 10 8 30 6 105 Mean 1.88 2.44 2.80 1.88 1.83 2.33 2.16 Std. Deviation .993 1.106 .789 .641 1.020 1.751 1.084 Std. Error .241 .190 .249 .227 .186 .715 .106 Lower Bound 1.37 2.06 2.24 1.34 1.45 .50 1.95 Upper Bound 2.39 2.83 3.36 2.41 2.21 4.17 2.37 Minimum 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 Maximum 4 5 4 3 4 5 5
ANOVA Beard Is Appreciated in our Culture Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 12.126 110.122 122.248 df 5 99 104 Mean Square 2.425 1.112 F 2.180 Sig. .062
Appendix#7
Descriptives Beard is Essential Element for Religious scholar 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N Aalim Business Man Doctor Or Engg Govt.servent Total 9 39 8 49 105 Mean 2.44 2.00 3.00 2.10 2.16 Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum 1.130 .946 1.414 1.026 1.057 .377 .151 .500 .147 .103 1.58 1.69 1.82 1.81 1.96 3.31 2.31 4.18 2.40 2.37 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 5 4 5
ANOVA Beard is Essential Element for Religious scholar Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 7.536 108.712 116.248 df 3 101 104 Mean Square 2.512 1.076 F 2.334 Sig. .078
Business Research Method Appendix#8
Descriptives You have beard because of fashion 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 12000 15000 18000 20000 22000 Total 7 19 13 8 8 13 12 4 7 1 9 4 105 Mean 3.71 3.42 3.92 3.25 4.38 4.15 3.50 4.50 4.29 1.00 3.22 2.50 3.69 Std. Deviation .756 1.121 1.256 1.282 1.061 .801 1.243 .577 .951 . 1.302 1.000 1.171 Std. Error .286 .257 .348 .453 .375 .222 .359 .289 .360 . .434 .500 .114 Lower Bound 3.02 2.88 3.16 2.18 3.49 3.67 2.71 3.58 3.41 . 2.22 .91 3.46 Upper Bound 4.41 3.96 4.68 4.32 5.26 4.64 4.29 5.42 5.17 . 4.22 4.09 3.91 Minimum 3 2 1 2 2 3 2 4 3 1 1 2 1 Maximum 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 1 5 4 5
ANOVA You have beard because of fashion Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 30.594 112.035 142.629 df 11 93 104 Mean Square 2.781 1.205 F 2.309 Sig. .015
Business Research Method Appendix#9
Descriptives Beard is Essential Element for Religious scholar 95% Confidence Interval for Mean N 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 12000 15000 18000 20000 22000 Total 7 19 13 8 8 13 12 4 7 1 9 4 105 Mean 3.00 2.26 2.08 2.63 1.50 2.23 1.67 1.25 1.57 3.00 2.33 3.50 2.16 Std. Deviation 1.291 1.046 .862 1.188 .535 .927 .778 .500 1.134 . 1.118 1.000 1.057 Std. Error .488 .240 .239 .420 .189 .257 .225 .250 .429 . .373 .500 .103 Lower Bound 1.81 1.76 1.56 1.63 1.05 1.67 1.17 .45 .52 . 1.47 1.91 1.96 Upper Bound 4.19 2.77 2.60 3.62 1.95 2.79 2.16 2.05 2.62 . 3.19 5.09 2.37 Minimum 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 Maximum 4 4 4 5 2 4 3 2 4 3 5 4 5
ANOVA Beard is Essential Element for Religious scholar Sum of Squares Between Groups Within Groups Total 27.327 88.921 116.248 df 11 93 104 Mean Square 2.484 .956 F 2.598 Sig. .006

Business Research Method Why Students Have Beard

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Business Research Method Why Students Have Beard

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Why Students Have Beard

Why student have Beard

Mr. Armgahn Mazhar

Akmal Siddiqui Ahmad Abbas Ata Ul hassan

International Islamic University Islamabad