Applying HPC and Virtual Reality For Modeling

URL: www.ijar.lit.
az 107
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Of ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. 2. No. 3. May 2010
APPLYING HPC AND VIRTUAL REALITY FOR MODELING
OF TRACTION SYSTEMS

Salman Ahmed
1
, Parag Parandkar
2
, Anil Jain
3
, Sumant Katiyal
4
,
Arpit Ludhiyani
5
, Satyadhar Joshi
6

2
Chameli Devi Institute of Technology and Management
4
School of Electronics, Devi Ahilya University

1,3,5,6
Shri Vaishnav Institute of Technology and Science, Indore, (INDIA)
1
salman.ahmed@ieee.org,
2
p_paragp@yahoo.com,
3
anil.jain128@gmail.com,
4
sumant578@yahoo.com,
5
arpit.ludhiyani@gmail.com,
6
satyadhar_joshi@ieee.org

ABSTRACT

We have developed a library for simulation of DC traction system. The modeling, installation and reliability
aspects of Traction system in purview of current developments in HPC and Virtual reality have been exemplified. We
have proposed a model to predict and analyze traction system more comprehensively and have proposed a modeling
structure regarding the same. Distribution of various computations of an HPC setup has been shown and implemented.
The advantages of Virtual Reality (VR) in installation in intercity city and intra city, driving has been implemented on C#.
VR framework for installation of DC traction has been implemented on Windows Compute Cluster Server. The proposal
is then applied to model the system for installation at a crowded city using images taken from the satellites. It is then
explained through a set of codes which are derived from the library. The proposal is implemented using state-of-art tools
for modeling like Extreme optimization library, XNA and WCCS. Recent research in Traction system taking into account
the proposed techniques and computations required are also covered. The information can be used to enhance the
functionality of the library developed.

Key words: DC traction system, HPC, virtual reality, electric drive system

1. INTRODUCTION

Traction system plays a very important role in current hybrid electrical cars and in Metro railways systems. The
importance of Hybrid cars is eminent, and the need to install rail metros to lessen the burden from conventional oil based
sources has become a necessity. The need of traction system under current scenarios is undoubted for any nation which
wants to improve its infrastructure.

Fig. 1. Basic schematic diagram of the classical variable-speed dc drive

Starting with the basics of the system up to the recent proposals in the subject has been explored exhaustively.
When we consider a classical variable speed DC drive we can analyze the system as follows:
In terms of average values, and the usual terminologies we have

a a a g
E R I E = + (1)
Where average speed is
a a a
a
E R I
N
K
=
u
(2)

Basic components of electric drive system are Mechanical Loads, Electric motors, Power Source, Convertors and
Controllers. These can be modeled using the latest CAD system, a part of which is shown in fig.1. But as we move to
more complex systems we have to take various parameters in account for the simulation. Classical speed Control
techniques of DC motors can be categorized whether it is series or shunt motor. Some of the aspects have been shown
in fig. 1 and fig. 2.

URL: www.ijar.lit.az 108

Fig. 2. Basic single-phase circuit for the speed control of a separately excited dc motor

Speed of shunt motor can be controlled by adjusting resistance, adjusting armature voltage, adjusting field
voltage. Whereas speed control of Series motor can be accomplished by adding resistance to armature circuit, adjusting
armature voltage, adjusting field current. Modern drives use many advanced techniques like PLA, solid state devices like
transistor, thyristors and other power electronics devices. Solid state switching devices are used to convert AC to DC
where single phase, multiphase half and full wave rectifiers are used. The speed control of an induction motor requires
more elaborate techniques as compared to speed control of DC machines. Analysis of the basic relationship for the
speed torque characteristics of an induction motor given in equations (1-6) is being done at first. Speed torque
characteristic of an induction motor are as follows:

2 '
2
'
2
2
1
d
d
s eq
P V R
T
R
s R X
s
= =
( | |
+ +
( |
\ .
(3)

By examining this equation we conclude that the speed (or slip s) can be controlled if at least one of the
following variables or parameters is altered:
Armature or rotor resistance
Armature or rotor inductance
Magnitude of terminal voltage
Frequency of terminal voltage
Also since the motor torque is a function of the armature current and the total flux, it can be represented by
( )
d series shunt a
T K I = + (4)
2
( )
( ) [ ( )]
a f d
t
series shunt series shunt
R R T
V
K K

+
=
+ +
(5)

Starting current of compound motor which is the same as series motor is known, the torque of the compound
motor is
2
( )
st series shunt st
t t
shunt
a f a f
T K I
V V
KC K
R R R R

= +
| | | |
= +
| |
| |
+ +
\ . \ .
(6)

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

The following survey of the literature illustrates requirements in todays traction system.
1500V DC Traction System for the North East Line for Singapore state has been described in [1], which shows
about power supply and other important features. This system started operating in 2004. It redefined simulations of DC
traction system. Traction substations are located in 7 stations at an average interval of 3.2kms where the 1500V
DC power is converted from the AC network in the installed system at Singapore. It is one of the first driverless steel-
wheel mass rapid transit systems operating in the world.
Overview of DC Traction Protection Scheme for Singapore Rapid Transit System has been described in [2] where
DC specific protection has been discussed. Fuel cells hybrid system for railways has been explored earlier, where
experimental Study on a PEMFC (Proton exchange membrane fuel cell) Fed Railway Vehicle Motor Drive System was
performed. Some aspects of modeling Electric Traction Motor Drives for Hybrid Electric Vehicle have been shown in [3].

Regeneration inverter system for DC traction has been discussed in [4]. In [5], a model for DC traction regeneration
inverter to regenerate extra power to the AC power source and reduce harmonics in rectification mode has been
proposed. In this project fuzzy logic has been implemented in the area of system protection. It has been proposed that
the combination of fuzzy logic will improve the safety of the operations. The electrical behavior of the sample steel
traction rails is analyzed in [6], considering the resistance and internal inductance. DC traction system grounding has
been shown in [7], thus grounding plays a very important role in this regard. Various grounding methods for various
elements are also shown. The main sources of variations of the impedance at the locomotive pantograph on a DC
railway system needs to be considered while modeling the comprehensive system [8]. Modeling and numerical solution
of multi branched DC rail traction power systems is an area which has recently being explored [9]. A complex multi
ladder, multi branched DC traction power system has been modeled and solved using different circuit solution methods
[10], thus it forms a part for the modeling aspects of the system. Development in DC traction power supply rectifiers has
been shown in [10]. Light Rail Transit DC Traction Power System Surge Overvoltage Protection is another important
parameter [11]. One of the recent examples of application of modern techniques is Fuzzy logic based study for traction
system [12].
Electric Vehicle and Railway has a very limited space available for traction motor, it thus requires traction motors
of compact size and of light weight [13]. This confirms the need for considering the thermal stability of motors before
designing it. Thermal stability can be verified by the fluid and heat transfer analysis by CFD (Computational Fluid
Dynamics) [13]. The advantage of CFD analysis is its detail comprehensions about thermal variations. Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI) is turning out to be a huge problem associated with the use of power-controlled traction devices and
substations on electric railways which bring changes to operational frequency bands of signaling equipment of track
safety [14]. Integration of models of track, power substations, drives and signaling equipment as a single system can be
done by models of Electromagnetic Field and Circuit Simulation. Model for an overhead catenary electrified railway which
is accurate within 5% in the frequency range DC to 30 KHz is shown in [15]. It is frequency-dependent tail track and
traction line feeding impedance model. This model helps in the identification of caternary harmonics in 3KV DC Railway
Traction Systems.
The impact of the traction motor drive characteristics on vehicle performance, energy storage and reliability is
studied in [16]. To improve the above factors the energy storage should be hybrid which should combine batteries and
ultra capacitors. Series hybrid traction motor can only be realized when new motor technology is available, such that the
motor as well as the generator must be of high efficiency, also the power levels must be adequately managed [17].
Brushless permanent magnet motors are chosen as they offer the highest efficiency. Control method of a separately
excited DC traction motor is proposed in [18] using Fuzzy logic where a Fuzzy logic controller for DC-DC converter fed
motor drive is designed. It dramatically reduces the overshoot and oscillations are also eliminated. The effects of various
core loss models for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous motor (PMSM) design for traction applications is studied in [19].
A core loss model which is largely improved with variable loss coefficients has shown better estimates.
One study [20] examined the effects of saturation on all inductance parameters. The study demonstrates that the
ripple current in the DC traction motor under a phase controlled supply is of great importance and cannot be ignored.
For traction applications machines are often used in their field weakening system. Another approach could be to
boost the performance of the motor through a reduced voltage re-rate procedure [21]. The proposed study may help the
motor to achieve full rated torque and much higher power (350% increase in power output). Traction and acceleration are
the features of railway motors which are associated with readhesion characteristics since when the railway motor
slip/slide high readhesion characteristics are needed for better performance. Effects of slip/slide velocity characteristics
and various control methods are shown by Watanabe et al [22] when Slip Velocity Feedback Torque Control is added;
slip/slide wheels can readhere under any acceleration methods with an appropriate choice of parameters. The proposals
and developments described here are taken in account while developing the library for simulations.

Table 1. Various calculations for HPC

Area Property and theory
Reliability and maintenance Reliability is complex
Electrical calculations Complex calculations
Thermal Calculations Long term thermal effects
Environmental calculations Seasonal effects
Advanced materials Composite materials

Table 2. Virtual reality parameters for Traction systems

Area of virtual reality Property
Installation of Traction system (image processing) Use of satellite and VR
Accident Calamity detection and post calamity computations Use of HPC for predicting reliability
Driving of train (physics and graphics ) Use of VR for driving
Diverting to HPC setup HPC can be attached to VR setup

Mainly we can categorize the functions in physics based and image processing calculations.
Implementation of Mathematics data can be:-
- Formulas of DC Drives
- All equations of DC traction system
- Reliability formulas
- Power feeding in DC Traction system
- Thermal calculations

3. MODELING OF TRACTION SYSTEM USING HPC AND VIRTUAL REALITY

HPC can be used for modeling, installation and implementation of DC traction system where many complex
computation need to be taken into consideration. Parts of Traction, environmental implications, reliability calculations for
long term analysis can be done on HPC setup aided with virtual reality. Power source modeling also play an important
role in this regard. Use of advanced materials and reduction of maintenance are the areas that can be worked upon. We
can feed the date from Google earth in the system and work all in virtual reality about the place elevations, cutting though
other parts. Virtual reality for industrial building construction has been proposed in 2008 [23]. Application of virtual reality
for interactive city exploration has been shown in [24] which have been done in 2008. This has been an expansion of our
earlier work in which we have introduced how HPC and Virtual reality and benefit computations in Traction Systems [25
and 26].
The use of HPC for performing scientific computations has been shown in [27, 28]. There are many things that
need HPC to perform complex computations in Traction system, like modern complex analysis of behavior of Traction
system. The application of Virtual reality for traction model development can be seen as discussed in our project.
Reliability under various working environments can be calculated by using the formulas described in [29], in case of use
of novel functional materials. Installation and modeling of DC traction system in metros and intercity installations
depends on the engine of Virtual reality to simulate the environment, which has been proposed and implemented in this
work. Modeling thermal analysis on HPC can also be done using the developed engine. Effect of Power use on Power
Systems Distributions and power supply calculations can be linked and added easily in the framework. Modeling libraries
developed using MATLAB can be linked with Distributive computing toolbox in MATLAB, which has been explored in
details in our earlier work [29].
The factors and conditions that contribute to brush wear are given in [30]. DC brush wear is because of constant
mechanical friction and electrical erosion. Friction is accompanied by carbon as a residue which in turn produces a high
coefficient of friction. This can be avoided by a good film commutator.
To improve the service reliability of three phase induction motor a number of tests are needed [31]. The tests
include a thorough inspection of stator winding, tests of winding insulation degradation and load tests. These tests are
carried out because the maintenance of a three phase induction motor is very limited in scope as compared to other
motors. Mainly we can categorize the functions as physics based and image processing calculations.
Implementation of Mathematics data can be:-
- Formulas of DC Drives
- All equations of DC traction system
- Reliability formulas
- Power feeding in DC Traction system
- Thermal calculations

4. VIRTUAL REALITY ENGINE

We have designed a virtual reality engine for installation and
control of Traction systems which will use HPC setup to get the complex
calculations done. This engine can be used for various calculations for
traction systems, by gathering photos which is converted into virtual reality
system as shown. The way it is different from any other engine is that it is
capable to use resources from an HPC setup and has all the features of
the DC traction system, which is shown in a pseudo code of extreme
optimization library. The framework has four main engines namely
Computation Engine, Graphics Engine, Super-Computing Engine and
Virtual Reality Engine. Computation Engine is the module that handles all
the computations involved in running the Virtual Reality Framework. This
engine uses Extreme Optimization Numerical Library for .NET.
Description of Virtual Reality Engine can be shown as follows:
Super Library
Super library is the main library which handles all the High Performance Computing Tasks. It consists of following
namespaces.
Namespace SuperLibrary.VirtualMachine
This namespace consist of the classes that represent Virtual Machine and other related structures. It also
contains the classes for Exceptions of Virtual machine.
Namespace SuperLibrary.Machine
This namespace consist of the classes that represent Machine and other related structures. It also contains the
classes for Exceptions of Machine.
Namespace SuperLibrary. Computation
This namespace consist of the class that represents a Computation and other related structures. It also contains
the classes for Exceptions of Computations.
Namespace SuperLibrary. Job
This namespace consist of the class that represents a Job and other related structures. It also contains the
classes for Exceptions of Job.
XELibrary
It is library for 3D modeling and graphical representation of the system.
Namespace XELibrary
This namespace contains all the main classes of XELibrary. Contains Classes which handles camera, model
generation, model placement, animation etc.
Microsoft C#
MPI .NET
Microsoft XNA
Framework
Microsoft .NET
Framework
Extreme
Optimization
Numerical
Library for .NET Virtual Reality
Engine

Computation
Engine
Graphics Engine
Supercomputing
Engine
Fig. 3. Framework used for the
development of the Library and merging it
with HPC on C Sharp

PhysX
It is the main library for computation functions. It contains many classes which contain a bundle of Functions and
Constants for computations from Physical Domain. It handles all the physical computations of system such as gravity,
motion, etc.

The results were made to run and the results are shown in fig. 4, 5(a,b), 6 and 7. The above modeling is done in
XNA on Visual Studios 2005, and the model is comprehensive in itself to predict all parameters of DC traction system
and perform extreme complex computation. Screenshots of City for DC traction installations has been shown below.
Intercity Traction installations can be taken from satellite and prediction of traction system can be fed directly into the
system. For example Google earth photos can be used as shown below. If we assume installation of traction system in
Indore we can move ahead on our proposed method collecting data as shown below.
These are the snapshots from Google Earth of Indore a city in Central India where we proposed to use this Virtual
reality engine to perform complex computation on HPC system for traction installations
We can take various pictures at different zoom levels and can feed them to get a 3D outline for the installations, thus this
would require high computation power due to which the setup was run on an HPC grid. Picture of authors home in
Indore as an example to implement the work combining images from satellite in the proposed engine is shown.
Fig. 3. Merging of VR Engine from the Data taken
from Google Earth to the VR models and showing
planning placement of installations
Fig. 4. Merging of VR Engine from the Data taken
from Google Earth from another angle.
Fig. 5a. Inside view of the Machine for simulation
purpose
Fig. 5b. Building of System for the desired purpose
Fig. 7. Google Earth Screenshot of a Complex
city where Installation are to be made
Fig. 6. Google Earth Screenshot of a Complex
city where Installation are to be made

In the modeling we have covered aspects of the library developed for the simulation which are shown with the
help of pseudo codes. Parts in the Code help in realizing the implementation and also help in diverting the computation
to an HPC setup. Other classes that can be realized are the parts of the 3-D engine being developed.

Code 1
MPI.Environment env = new MPI.Environment(ref args);
Communicator comm = Communicator.world;
VirtualMachine m = new VirtualMachine(env, 10);

Computation c = new Computation();
ComputationConfiguration conf = new ComputationConfiguration(true, 2, true, 2);
c.SetConfiguration(conf);
Job j = new Job();
j.task = __My_Computation_Function__;
c.AddJob(j);
m.AddComputation(c);
System.Console.WriteLine("Jobs added");
System.DateTime time = System.DateTime.Now;
m.ExecuteAllComputations();
System.TimeSpan ts = System.DateTime.Now - time;
System.Console.WriteLine("Process:" + comm.Rank + " Total time in computation: " + ts);
if (comm.Rank == 0)
System.Console.Read();}
env.Dispose();

Pseudo Code of the VirtualMachine Class:
Code 2
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using SuperLibrary.Computation;
using MPI;
using SuperLibrary.Machine;
namespace SuperLibrary.VirtualMachine
{ public class VirtualMachine
{ /// <summary>
/// All the machines in Virtual Machine.
/// </summary>
List<Machine.Machine> machines; /// <summary>
/// Configuration of Virtual Machine.
/// </summary>
VirtualMachineConfiguration configuration;
/// <summary>
/// Computations the virtual machine has to perform.
/// </summary>
List<Computation.Computation> computations;
/// <summary>
/// MPI Environment.
/// </summary>
MPI.Environment MPIEnvironment;
/// <summary>
/// Returns a new Virtual Machine with default configuration and /// a new MPI Environment Instantiated.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>A new Virtual Machine with Default Configuration.</returns>
public static VirtualMachine GetDefaultVirtualMachine();
/// <summary>
/// Add a machine to the virtual machine.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="mac">Machine to add.</param>
public void AddMachine(Machine.Machine mac);
/// <summary>
/// Add a computation to be performed by the Virtual Machine.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="comp"></param>
public void AddComputation(Computation.Computation comp);
public void ExecuteAllComputations();
/// <summary>

/// Check whether the number of machine objects are equal to or greater
/// than actual machines or not.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>True if Machine Objects are greater or equal to actual machines.</returns>
public bool MahinesAvailable(); } }

Pseudo Code of the Machine Class:
Code 3
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using MPI;
namespace SuperLibrary.Machine
{ /// <summary>
/// A computing machine.
/// </summary>
public class Machine
{/// <summary>
/// Whether initialized or not. /// </summary>
bool initialized;
/// <summary>
/// The number of threads to execute.
/// </summary>
int numThreads;
/// <summary>
/// Number of cores.
/// </summary>
int numCores;
/// <summary>
/// If hyper-threading.
/// </summary>
bool hyperThread;
/// <summary>
/// Best Mode of execution as calculated with configuration.
/// </summary>
SuperLibrary.Machine.MachineMode bestMode;
/// <summary>
/// Configuration of machine. /// </summary>
MachineConfiguration configuration;
/// <summary>
/// All the processors.
/// </summary>
List<Processor> processors;
/// <summary>
/// Computations the machine has to perform.
/// </summary>
List<Computation.Computation> computations;
/// <summary>
/// Default Machine with default configuration.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>Default Machine with default configuration.</returns>
public static Machine GetDefaultMachine() ;
/// <summary>
/// Add a computation to be performed by the Virtual Machine.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="comp"></param>
public void AddComputation(Computation.Computation comp);
/// <summary>
/// Execute all computations on machine with the current configuration.
/// </summary>
public void ExecuteAllComputations();
/// <summary>
/// Execute the given computation with Machine's current configuration.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="comp">Computation to execute</param>
public void ExecuteComputation(Computation.Computation comp) ;
/// <summary>

/// Execute the given computation with given computation.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="comp">Computation to execute.</param>
/// <param name="config">Configuration to use for execution.</param>
public void ExecuteComputation(Computation.Computation comp,
ComputationConfiguration config);
/// <summary>
/// Gives back default configuration to be used.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>ComputationConfiguration Object having default configuration settings.</returns>
public static MachineConfiguration GetDefaultConfiguration() ;
/// <summary>
/// Returns the computation configuration best suited to machine.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>ComputationConfiguration Object best suited to machine.</returns>
public ComputationConfiguration GetComputationConfiguration() ;
/// <summary>
/// Returns a new DefaultConfiguration for computation.
/// </summary> /// <returns>ComputationConfiguration Object for default configuration.</returns>
public static ComputationConfiguration GetDefaultComputationConfiguration() ; }n}

Pseudo code of the computation class:
Code 4
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using SuperLibrary.Job;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections;
namespace SuperLibrary.Computation
{ /// <summary>
/// Computation is the package of computations to be performed.
/// A computation can have more than one job.
/// A computation is configured by its alloted Machine.
/// </summary>
public class Computation {
/// <summary>
/// The jobs in this computation. /// </summary>
List<Job.Job> jobs;
/// <summary>
/// Configuration to use for execution.
/// </summary>
ComputationConfiguration configuration; /// <summary>
/// Add a new job to job list. /// </summary>
/// <param name="job"></param>
public void AddJob(Job.Job job) ; /// <summary>
/// Set execution configuration.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="config">The new configuration.</param>
public void SetConfiguration(ComputationConfiguration config) ;
/// Execute all jobs according to suitable configuration.
public void Execute() ;
/// <summary>
/// Executes all jobs with the given configuration.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="config">Configuration to use for execution.</param>
public void Execute(ComputationConfiguration config) ; }}

Pseudo code of job class:
Code 5
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace SuperLibrary.Job
{ public class Job {
#region Variables

/// <summary>
/// Current Status of Job.
/// </summary>
JobStatus status;
/// <summary>
/// The Delegate for task to perform. /// </summary>
/// <param name="input">JobInput Object containing the input parameters of the task.</param>
/// <returns>JobOutput Object containing the result of the task.</returns>
public delegate JobOutput JobTask(JobInput input);
/// <summary>
/// The task this job is to perform. /// </summary>
public JobTask task;
#endregion Variables
#region Methods
public Job(JobTask task); public void Execute() ;
#endregion Methods
}//End of class Job }

5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

DC traction system is being seen as a good option for resolving the transport crisis in the world. With the advent
of HPC and virtual reality it has become more realistic to do large simulations. HPC is used for calculating various
parameters and their distribution. It can be expanded for simulation of large DC traction system, 3D engine, physics
calculations etc. Future scope lies with use of nanotechnology based materials and fuel cells for more efficient and hybrid
tractions and drives. We clearly see the importance of using Virtual reality and its advantages in DC traction system in
this paper. HPC is being implemented and it can be expanded to get more complex computation done. Diverting
calculations for a Virtual reality system to an HPC setup has been shown. Gentle idea about the subject was proposed
earlier in [25 and 26].

REFERENCES

1. Thong M., Cheong A., Wijaya H., Overview of DC traction protection scheme for Singapore rapid transit system,
Proc. The 7th International Power Engineering Conference, IPEC 2005, pp. 1 587, Nov. 29 2005-Dec. 2 2005,
DOI=10.1109/IPEC.2005.206975.
2. Furuya T., Kondo K., Yamamoto T., Experimental Study on a PEMFC Fed Railway Vehicle Motor Drive System,
Proc. Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 41st IAS Annual Meeting, Vol. 3,
pp. 12491252, 8-12 Oct. 2006, DOI=10.1109/IAS.2006.256691
3. Williamson S.S., Emadi A., Rajashekara K., Comprehensive Efficiency Modeling of Electric Traction Motor Drives
for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Propulsion Applications, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 56, Issue 4,
Part 1, pp. 1561-1572, Jul. 2007, DOI=10.1109/TVT.2007.896967.
4. Sang-Hoon S., Su-Jin J., Hyo-Jin B., Chung-Yuen W., Regeneration inverter system for DC traction with
harmonic reduction capability, Proc. 30th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, IECON
2004, Vol. 2, pp. 1463-1468, 2-6 Nov. 2004, DOI=10.1109/IECON.2004.1431794.
5. Su-Jin J., Chang-Youl C., Chang-Hwan B., Sang-Hoon S., Chung-Yuen W., Study of regeneration power control
inverter for DC traction with active power filter ability, Proc. 31st Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial
Electronics Society, IECON 2005, pp. 6, 6-10 Nov. 2005 DOI=10.1109/IECON.2005.1569088.
6. Filippone F., Mariscotti A., Pozzobon, P., The Internal Impedance of Traction Rails for DC Railways in the
1–100 kHz Frequency Range, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol. 55, Issue 5,
pp. 16161619, Oct. 2006, DOI=10.1109/TIM.2006.880912.
7. Paul D., DC traction power system grounding, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 38, Issue 3,
pp. 818-824, May/Jun 2002, DOI=10.1109/TIA.2002.1003435.
8. Ferravi P., Maviscotti A., Pozzobon P., Reference curves of the pantograph impedance in DC railway
systems, Proc. The 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, ISCAS 2000, Vol. 12000, pp.
555-558, DOI=10.1109/ISCAS.2000.857155.
9. Cai Y., Irving M.R., Case S.H., Modelling and numerical solution of multibranched DC rail tractionpower
systems, IEE Proceedings Electric Power Applications, Vol. 142, Issue 5, pp. 323328, Sep. 1995.
10. Worwood M.J., Developments in DC traction power supply rectifiers, Proc. International Conference on
Developments in Mass Transit Systems, 1998, pp. 291-295, 20-23 Apr. 1998.
11. Paul D., Light rail transit DC traction power system surge overvoltage-protection, IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications, Vol. 38, Issue 1, pp. 2128, Jan/Feb 2002, DOI=10.1109/28.980340.
12. Beaud E., Enslin J.H.R., A fuzzy logic protection scheme implemented in a DC traction-substation, Proc.
Thirteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, APEC apos98, Vol. 2, pp. 11201125,
15-19 Feb. 1998, DOI=10.1109/APEC.1998.654037.
13. Wan-Gi Kim, Jong-In Lee, Keun-Woong Kim, Yoo-Sung Kim and Choong-Dong Lee, The Temperature Rise
Characteristic Analysis Technique of the Traction Motor for EV Application, The 1st International Forum on
Strategic Technology, 18-20 Oct. 2006, pp. 443-446, doi:10.1109/IFOST.2006.312353.
14. S. Brillante, R.J. Hill, A. Pozzobon, P. Pozzobon, and G. Sciutto, Modelling for electromagnetic interference
assessment in electric railway traction systems, International Conference on Electric Railways in a United
Europe 95, 27-30 March 1995, pp. 148-152, doi:10.1049/cp:19950196.

15. P.C Coles, M. Fracchia, R. J. Hill, P. Pozzobon and A. Szelag, Identification of a catenary harmonics in 3 kV DC
railway traction systems, Proc. 7th Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference94, 12-14 Apr. 1994, pp. 825-828.
16. Yimin Gao and M. Ehsani, Parametric design of the traction motor and energy storage for series hybrid off-road
and military vehicles, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 749-755, doi:
10.1109/TPEL.2006.872374.
17. J.M. Everton and N. Schofield, Design and testing of a liquid cooled brushless DC traction motor, IEE
Colloquium on Motors and Drives for Battery Powered Propulsion, 15 Apr. 1993, pp. 5/1-5/4.
18. E. Ozdemir, A. Ural, N. Abut, E. Karakas, E. Olcer and B. Karagoz, Design of fuzzy logic controller for DC-DC
converter fed traction motor drives, Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, 1997, 16-18 Jul
1997, pp. 343 348, doi: 10.1109/ISIC.1997.626492.
19. M.J. Manyage and P. Pillay, Low Voltage High Current PM Traction Motor Design Using Recent Core Loss
Results, 42nd IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Conference,
2007, 23-27 Sept. 2007, pp. 1560-1566, doi: 10.1109/07IAS.2007.241.
20. J. Zhang, R. Mathew, F. Flinders and W. Oghanna, Simulator of DC traction motors including both main pole and
interpole saturation, IEE Proc. Electr. Power Appl. 1998, July 1998, Vol. 145, no. 4, pp. 377-382, doi:10.1049/ip-
epa:19981866.
21. P. L. Chapman and P. T. Krein, Motor re-rating for traction applicationsfield weakening revisited, in Proc.
IEEE Int. Elect. Mach. Drives Conf., 2003, pp. 13911398.
22. T. Watanabe and M. Ogasa, Realization of anti-slip/slide control in railway motor vehicles by slip velocity
feedback torque control, IEEE, Fifth European Conference on Power Electronics Applications, September 1993,
pp.156161.
23. Schoenfelder R., Schmalstieg D., Augmented Reality for Industrial Building Acceptance, Proc. IEEE Virtual
Reality Conference, VR '08, pp. 83-90, 8-12 Mar. 2008, DOI=10.1109/VR.2008.4480755.
24. Herbst I., Braun A.K., McCall R., Broll W., Multi-dimensional Interactive City Exploration through Mixed
Reality, Proc. IEEE Virtual Reality Conference, VR'08, pp. 259-260, 8-12 Mar. 2008,
DOI=10.1109/VR.2008.4480790.
25. Rohit P., Satyadhar J., Application of HPC and Virtual Reality for DC Traction system International Conference
on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing, ARTCom 2009 DOI:
10.1109/ARTCom.2009.229
26. Rohit P., Satyadhar J., Modeling and analysis of DC traction system under light of current developments in HPC
and virtual reality The First South Central Asian Himalayas Regional IEEE/IFIP International Conference on
INTERNET AH - ICI 2009 DOI: 10.1109/ARTCom.2009.229 DOI: 10.1109/AHICI.2009.5340315
27. Rohit P., Satyadhar J., Optimizing HPC for Computational Nanotechnology in MCCS Environment, Proc. 6th
International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications, and Information
Technology,
28. Rohit P., Satyadhar J., MPI & PVM based HPC setups for Multi-Scale Modeling Proc. IEEE International
Advance Computing Conference, pp. 3406-3411, 6-7 Mar. 2009.
29. Rohit P., Satyadhar J., Distributive Computing for reliability analysis of MEMS devices using MATLAB, ACM
International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control, ICAC3, pp. 246-250, Jan. 23-
24 2009, DOI=10.1145/1523103.1523155.
30. A. Chater and S. Mitchell, Traction Motor in-service multi-technology condition monitoring, 4th IET International
Conference Railway Condition Monitoring, 2008, 18-20 June 2008, pp. 1-6.
31. A.D. Mills, M.A. Al-Tai and S.B. Tennakoon, Maintenance of AC traction motor on the modern UK railway
network, UPEC 2007. 42nd International Universities Power Engineering Conference, 2007, 4-6 Sept. 2007, pp.
170-173, doi: 10.1109/UPEC.2007.4468940.

Applying HPC and Virtual Reality For Modeling

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Applying HPC and Virtual Reality For Modeling

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

URL: www.ijar.lit.

You might also like