April Stimes/James Oh Krista Becker/Courtney Alvarez December 1, 2011 FS505: Fall 2011 Developmental Milestone Grid Age \ Developmental

Cycle Family Life Cycle Eriksons Developmental Stages Trust vs. MistrustInfant Crisis: Is world trustworthy and consistent? Freuds Psychoanalytic/ Developmental Stages Oral Stage Focus: Pleasure is found in the mouth because most stimulation is received through sucking and feeding. Result in Adulthood if Stage is Unresolved: Satisfaction is still trying to be met in habits focused on the mouth, such as nailbiting, smoking, excessive talking, gum chewing, etc. Jean Piagets Cognitive Development Sensorimotor (birth - 2 years) - active interaction between brain & senses 1) Primary Circular Reactions: reactions that involve the infants own body [1-4 mos] 2) Secondary Circular Reactions: infants responses to objects & people; goal directed behavior. where OBJECT PERMANENCE develops, or the idea that and object/person still exists even when out of sight [4-12 mos] 3) Tertiary Circular Reactions: built from first two where child inovlves active exploration & experimentation aka LITTLE SCIENTIST: experiments in order to see. Also DEFERRED IMITATION: infant can copy behavior from hours or days before [12-24mos] 1-3 years Autonomy vs Shame- Toddler Crisis: To what extent will society (aka parents) allow them to express what they are capable of doing? Anal Stage Focus: Control of excretion as the child learns how to be toilet trained. Preoperational (2-6 yrs) - adds language & imagination to sense & motor skills. Four characteristics at this stage of thinking that keeps logic difficult:

0-1 years

Strength Developed: Hope, the belief that our desires will be satisfied

Strength Developed- Willdetermination to exercise freedom of choice and self restraint in the face of society demands

Result in Adulthood if Stage is Unresolved: The adult has a focus on control, whether they are overly controlling and meticulous or they have little control in their own life and become messy and disorganized.

1) Centration: focus on one idea, excluding all others 2) Focus on Appearance: the thing is what it appears - no other attributes are thought of 3) Static Reasoning: nothing is changing 4) Irreversibility: idea that nothing can be undone or restored to before the change - CONSERVATION EXPERIMENT in this stage

3-6 years

Initiative vs GuiltEarly Childhood Crisis:how will the world respond to selfinitiated activities and fantasy? Strength Developed: Purpose- involves the courage and ability to pursue goals

Phallic Stage Focus: The child becomes aware of their sex organs. Boys deal with the Oedipus Complex, while girls are faced with the Elektra Complex. Generally in these complexes the child begins to want an exclusive relationship with their opposite sex parent. In a healthy family the parental love will be unwavering and when the child realizes they cannot defeat the same sex parent they begin to identify with the same sex parent. Result in Adulthood if Stage is Unresolved: The adult my have confusion in their sexual identity, sexual dysfunction, hesititancy to marry, or an obsession with proving their own masculinity or femininity.

Preoperational continued (2-6 yrs)

6-13 years

Industriousness vs Inferiority- School Aged Crisis: To experiment with different roles and ideologies and resolve crisis of ego identity (who you are, where you belong, where you are going) Strength Developed: Competenceexertion of skill and intelligence in pursuing and completing tasks

Latency Stage (6-11 years) Focus: The pleasure focus is quiet during this period and the child begins to identify more with same sex friends and develop a gender identity. Result in Adulthood if Stage is Unresolved: The child may have a lack of self-esteem, trouble relating to others, and increasing self-doubt.

Concrete Operational (6-11 years) -collection of 3 logic concepts that enable children to reason. 1) Classification: being about to organize things into groups according to commonality 2) Identity: certain characteristics of an object stay the same even when other characteristics change 3) Reversibility: some things can in fact be returned to original state

13-18 years

Identity vs Role ConfusionAdolescence Crisis: To experiment with different roles and ideologies and resolve crisis of ego identity (who we are, where we are going and where you belong) Strength Developed: Fidelitybeing clear and loyal to self, others, and an ideology. Results in sincerity, genuineness, and sense of duty in or relations with other people

Genital Stage (Adolescence Adulthood) Focus: Genitals are the focus as the person seeks satisfaction in sexual relationships. This stage lasts throughout adulthood.

Formal Operational (12 - adulthood) - thinking no longer limited to personal experiences, now includes abstractions. Capacity to think of possibility, not just reality HYPOTHETICAL THOUGHT: what ifs that may or may not reflect reality DEDUCTIVE REASONING: top down thinking begins with an abstract idea then uses logic to conclude

18-35 years

Leaving home: single young adults - Accepting emotional and financial responsibility for self -maintain the connection with the family -age varies starting

Intimacy vs Isolation- Young Adult Crisis: form close relationships and function as a productive person, while establishing

Postformal Thought **not Piaget** - combines rational thought with emotional intuition [Stage Theory] -other theories pick

from high school The joining of families through marriage: The new couple -Commitment to new system Families with young children -Accepting new members into the system -every time a new child arrives, the homeostasis is thrown off and they must readjust 35-55 years Families with adolescents - Increasing flexibility of family boundaries to include childrens independence and grandparents frailties - a lot of people come into therapy w/ their teenager and boundaries are usually too loose or too tight. Launching children and moving on: -Accepting a multitude of exits from and entries into the family system 55+ years Families in later life: Accepting the shifting of generational roles

independence from parents Strength Developed: Lovemutual devotion to shared identity; fusing oneself to another without losing self

up here where Piaget left off: - Stage Theory: evaluates whether new stage is reached (following Piagets stage form of understanding development) - Psychometrics: analyzes intelligence by IQ tests and other measures - Information Processing: studies how the brain encodes, stores & retrieves info

Generativity vs StagnationAdulthood Crisis: Contribution to society- are you actively and directly guiding the next generation to the betterment of society (generativity) or are you regressing to become a physical/ psychological invalid (stagnation). Strength Developed: Carebroad concern or others and society

Integrity vs DespairOld Age Crisis: how we evaluate or find meaning in our whole life. Do we look back with a sense of fulfillment and satisfaction or feelings of frustration, anger and regret? Strength Developed: Wisdomconcern for whole

life, given to next generation in an integrated carriage Added Thoughts: -It is possible to be in different stages at the same time. Ex: a single mother who sends child off to college and then gets remarried and has children. -Unexpected life events can throw off these stages because they are out of the norm. Ex: death of an adolescent child Brief Summary: Freuds view involved the Id (Pleasure Principle), Superego (Internalization of Rules and Morality), and the Ego (Self reflected by the conflict resolution of the Id and Superego). Freuds developmental theory focuses on the internal drives of Id for pleasure and the results in adulthood if the child does not receive gratification.