ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1. In anatomical terms, the heart rests posteriorly against the bodies of what vertebrae? a. 4th to the 9th thoracic vertebrae th th b. 5 to the 8 thoracic vertebrae th th c. 5 to the 6 thoracic vertebrae d. 5th to the 7th cervical vertebrae 2. The heart contains how many milliliters of pericardial fluid which is secreted by the serous membrane? a. 8 ml b. 5 ml c. 15 ml d. 36 ml 3. The left chambers of the heart are separated from the right chambers by an extension of the heart wall called ______. a. auricle b. septum c. atria d. ventricles 4. Where does the Point of Maximum Impulse be normally palpable? a. 2nd ICS at the right sternal boarder nd b. 2 ICS at the left sternal boarder th c. 5 ICS at the left midclavicular line th d. 5 ICS at the left sternal boarder 5. These are consisting of half-moon shaped flaps growing out from the lining of the pulmonary artery and aorta. a. Semilunar valves b. Atrioventricular valves c. Atria d. Ventricles 6. These blood vessels function both as collectors and as reservoir vessels. a. arteries b. veins c. capillaries d. tunica media 7. It is the major artery that serves as the main trunk of the entire systemic arterial system. a. aorta b. brachiocephalic artery c. hepatic artery d. radial artery 8. It is the ability of the heart to transmit an electrical impulse from one cell to another. a. Automaticity b. Excitability c. Conductivity d. Contractility 9. It is the ability of the heart to initiate an electrical impulse. a. Automaticity b. Excitability c. Conductivity d. Contractility

10. The AV node, which is located in the right atrial wall near the tricuspid valve, in a normal resting adult heart has an inherent rate of how many impulses per minute?

a. 30 to 40 impulses per minute b. 60 to 100 impulses per minute c. 60 to 80 impulses per minute d. 40 to 60 impulses per minute 11. These are specialized nerve cells located in the aortic arch and in both right and left internal carotid arteries and are sensitive to changes in blood pressure. a. Baroreceptors b. Chemoreceptors c. Catecholamines d. Norepinephrine 12. Which of the following represents depolarization of the atria? a. T wave b. P wave c. QRS complex d. U wave 13. This refers to the amount of blood pumped by each ventricle during a given period. a. Preload b. Afterload c. Cardiac Output d. Stroke Volume 14. It is the amount of blood ejected per heartbeat and its average resting volume is about 70 ml. a. Preload b. Afterload c. Cardiac Output d. Stroke Volume 15. Which of the following blood vessels are the most significant functionally and carries blood from arterioles to venules? a. capillaries b. arteries c. veins d. arterioles 16. In fetal circulation, which of these is a small vessel connecting the pulmonary artery with the descending thoracic aorta? a. umbilical vein b. ductus venosus c. foramen ovale d. ductus venosus 17. Also in fetal circulation, it describes as an opening in the septum between the right and left atria. a. umbilical vein b. ductus venosus c. foramen ovale d. ductus venosus

18. It is the amount of friction encountered by the blood as it flows through the blood vessels. a. Blood Pressure b. Peripheral Resistance c. Cardiac Output d. Stroke Volume 19. This is being computed by multiplying the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute by the force of friction between the walls of its vessels. a. Blood Pressure b. Cardiac Output c. Mean Arterial Pressure d. Pulse Pressure 20. Given an end-diastolic volume of 120 ml, an end-systolic volume of 50 ml and a heart rate of 80 bpm, the CO is: a. 560 ml/min. b. 13.6 L/min c. 56 L/min d. 5.6 L/min. 21. It is the force with which the blood is pushing against the artery walls when the ventricles are contracting. a. Diastolic blood pressure b. Systolic blood pressure c. Pulse pressure d. Blood pressure 22. Ventricular repolarization coincides in time with the: a. QRS complex b. P wave c. T wave d. U wave