Category Features TV Description printed materials Description

Synchronous 2 0 -
Time of interaction because the student has to follow a because it has only student-content interaction and other
Asynchronous 0 1
pre-set schedule types should be
Student-student 0 - 0 learners are seperated
the line is crowded by many students
Student-teacher 1 1 mainly the learner depends on the content not the teacher
trying to call at the same time
because the learner can only watch they are easily able to focus on the content, without
Type of Interaction
Student-Content 1 and try to understand the presented 3 becoming mesmerized or frustrated by the process of
material reading itself ( 4)
because the student can't replay,
Student-machine 1 0 it doesn't require machine
pause, stop, skip… etc.
because learners don't have the
because the instructor may ensure first that all students
Group-based 3 control over the content and they have 1
Learning Style have finished a module before sending to the next one
all to move together
Self-based 1 no leaner control nor self-pace (3) 3 print materials are typically learner-controlled
given adequate light, print materials can be used any time
learner has to attend the TV programs and any place without the aid of supplemental resources
any time 0 3
at a certain time such as electricity, viewing screen, and specially designed
electronic classrooms(4)
Flexibility given adequate light, print materials can be used any time
because TV is available in most of the and any place without the aid of supplemental resources
any place 2 3
places such as electricity, viewing screen, and specially designed
electronic classrooms(4)
ease of access/use 3 it's available almost in all buildings 3 it provides a quickly accessible way of teaching
it takes a very long time to develop the
development 1 3 Creation production (5)
content
Even with print materials incorporating feedback
mechanisms and interactive exercises, it is easy for learners
feedback 0 it doesn't support two-way interaction 1
Speed to skip to the answer section.

it can be easly delivered to the students, but sometimes it

it can be easly and rapidly delivered to
delivery 3 2 may take some days to reach the receiver through the
the students
traditional mail box
certain types of experience can't be
stand alone meduim 1 0 it's not adequate to deliver the whole content
transmitted only by using TV (2)
it requires other kinds of media to
multimedia support 2 3 it requires any other support media
provide two-way interaction
Instruction
compared with other media, cost of no instructional tool is less expensive to produce than print.
low cost 0 production, equipment and 3 In addition, facilities abound for the inexpensive duplication
transmission per hour is very high (1) of these materials(4)

Total 51 21 30
Percentage 100% 41.18% 58.82%

using 4-point scale 0.3

(1) Bates, 1995.
Alaa Sadik . (2008)Media and Technologies Used in Distance Education: Advantages and
(2) Costello & Gordon limitations . Retreived from www : http://www.slideshare.net/alaasadik/media-and-technologies-
(1965) used-in-de-i-presentation (accessed:29/10/2008)
(3) Gunawardena &
Dillon (1992)

(4) Ouma, A.P. (2003). DISTANCE EDUCATION TECHNOLOGIES:

OLD VERSUS NEW INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN:
INTRODUCTION TO ORAL LITERATURE. Retreived from World Wide Web: http://www.iucea.org/?jc=papers-03
(accessed: 29/10/2008)

(5)Gujjar & Malik.(2007).preparation for instructional material for distance teacher education. Retreived from World wide
web : http://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr/tojde25/pdf/article_4.pdf . (accessed:29/10/2008)

Evaluating TV and Printed Materials As Tools Used in Distance Education

60.00%

50.00%

40.00%
Percentage

30.00%
Row 20
20.00%

10.00%

0.00%
TV printed materials
Tools