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Describe some of the approaches, strategies, methods and techniques used in the teaching and learning process. Approaches and strategies of teaching A. Teacher-centered strategy or instruction Places the teacher at the centre of classroom activity Known as direct instruction Relies primarily on the teacher to direct the students thinking, participation Relies heavily on structured content emphasis E.g. review, drill and practise, brief lectures and student recitations. Explicit teaching strategy. Consists of presenting material in small, systematic steps with calculated pauses to check for student understanding Useful for teaching a specialized body of knowledge in which specific facts or well-defined skills exist Teaching in small steps with an emphasis on student practice after each step. Teachers role: provide materials, guide students through initial practice sessions, provide all students with frequent and high level of practice. A. Student-centered strategy or instruction Students assume a certain degree of responsibility for what is taught and how it is learned. Experiental learning(learn through experience) and making discoveries for themselves Aims to helping the students LEARN HOW TO LEARN. Creative and critical thinking skill to be developed Includes creating and arranging a classroom in which students can interact with teacher and other colleagues E.g. of S-C strategy: Exploration, inquiry, discovery and some forms of discussion.

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Teaching approaches/strategies: I. Inductive- teacher provides plenty of examples which have the same concept and concept rule in common. However, the concept rule is not stated explicitly Student will attempt to find it through the examples near the end of the lesson. II. Deductive- teacher starts with the concept rule or a statement of what the lesson is attempting to prove.

Teacher provides the examples which show proof of the concept rule. III. Eclective- Combination of any of the other teaching methods; the combination of inductive and deductive approaches. 3. Methods and Techniques: 1. Brainstorming - a method used in groups in order to support creative problemsolving, the generation of new ideas and greater acceptance of proposed solutions. 2. Discussion Helps the students process information rather than simply receive it. Students can be more active, more personal contact It is an instructional activity 1. Demonstration Needs the learner to watch Direct verbal communication of information from the teacher to student Involves a visual approach to examine processes, information and ideas Interactive as both teacher and learner are involve in a collaborative learning environment It allows students to observe real things and how they work.

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