Professional Documents
Culture Documents
) .(NCTM
) (1989,2000
.
.
.
NCTM
.
.
NCTM
.
:
.
.Only what students discover for themselves truly learned
:1
.
.
.
.
:
,
, ,
.
:
.
) (NCTM
.
. )
(
:
.
) (NCTM .
- - .
, .
:
) ,
( .
.
) (.
:
,
.
.
) ( .
) (NCTM
.
" ,
".
:
((Disabilities .
Myth 4
The math programs based on NCTM standards are better for
children with learning disabilities than other approaches
:
.
.
) (Structured learning environments
:
) .(NCTM
Myth 5
Urban teachers like using math programs based on NCTM
standards
:
: 100
.
:
,
.
:
) (TIMSS
) (Johns Hopkins university
.
)
(TIMSS, PISA ) (
.
) * (Grover, 2005 ) (
.
) ,(Contest
) ( ) .(Automatically
, ) (Story problem
,
, ) (Story problem
,
.
.
- -
) (NCTM .
- -
.
) (NCTM
- .
- ,
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4
.
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 - .
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
: ) (:
.
: <---- .
<---- .
<---- .
: .
: .
:
.
: ) (:
.
:
::
.
.
::
.
::
. .
:
) ( .
.
:
::
. ) (
::
.
::
.
. )
(
. .
: :
: .
:
.
: .
: .
: .
: :
<---- .
<---- .
<---- .
) ( <---- .
) ( <---- .
<---- .
. )
( ) (
: :
<---- .
<---- .
<---- .
<---- .
: :
.
: :
: .
: . .
: .
: .
: .
. . . . . : :
.
.