Answer for Science in Focus Physics Theory Workbook Chapter 7

Exercise 7.1 1a) work (b) Nm , joule (J) (f) position (c) motion (g) mgh (d) mv2

(e) position, state, shape (2) 50 000 J or 50 kJ

(h) temperature

(3a) 72 km in 1 hr = 72000 m in 3600 s = 20 m in 1 s = 20 m/s (4) 707 m/s (5) 12 J (remember to change 400 g to 0.4 kg) (6) 600 J (remember to change 60 cm to 0.6 m)

(b) 240000 J

(7) 16 J (Pls note: the change in GPE is also the work done by gravity) (8a) change in height = 1000/5 = 200 m change in GPE = 12000 x 200 = 2400000J

(b) 2400000 / 4x107 = 0.06 kg (c) Work also has to be done against air resistance and friction. Exercise 7.2 (1a) created, destroyed (b) kinetic energy of water , electrical energy

(c) electrical energy , sound energy 2a) 32 J (b) gain in KE = loss in GPE = 32 J (c) 32 = x 4 x v2 = 32 v = 4 m/s

(d) 90% of 32 J = 90/100 x 32 = 28.8 J (3a) 1.2 J (remember to convert 60 g to 0.06 kg) (b) gain in KE to loss in GPE = 1.2 J (c) KE on rebound = 75% of 1.2 J (because 25 % is lost) = 0.9 J PE on rebound = 0.9 = 0.06 x 10 x h h = 1.5 m (4a) gain in KE = loss in PE x m x v2 = m x 10 x 40 v = 28.3 m/s (m can be cancelled off from both sides)

(b)

At the top, total energy = GPE = m x 10 x 40 = 400m (KE = 0 since it is at rest) At 25 m above ground, KE + GPE = 400m (since total energy remains the same) ( x m x v2) + (m x 10 x 25) = 400 m (cancel m from both sides) v = 17.3 m/s

Exercise 7.3 (1a) motion (2) 4m / 2000J (b) force and the distance moved in the direction of the force. 3m 800 N 10 J

(3) 0 J (work is done when the force applied move an object in the direction of the force but the wall in this case did not move so no work is done) (4) 800 J (5) 200 J

(6a) 500 N (He has to overcome his own weight in order to move up, W = mg = 50 x 10 = 500 N) (b) 100 x 0.2 = 20 m (c) WD = 500 x 20 = 10 000J (7a) WD = F x d = 220 x 2 = 440 J (b) sin 30o = h/2 h = 1m (Dont worry if you cant do this qn because you are usually not required to perform complex trigonometry) (c) GPE = mgh = 400 x 1 = 400 J (mg = 40N because mg = W = 40) (d) Energy is used to overcome friction between the slope and the block. Exercise 7.4 (1a) (2) (3a) (b) (4a) (5a) (b) (6a) (b) (c) (d) work 6 J, 1.5 W WD = 720 000J 36 000 W energy = 1.8 J (b) P = 1.8 / (24 x 3600) = 2.08 x 10-5 W (b) watt (W) 600 J, 60 W 3000 J, 250 W 120 J, 24 W

WD = 50 x 15 x 1.2 = 900 J P = 900/60 = 15 W When the box moves with a constant speed, the acceleration is zero. Resultant force = ma = 0 J since a = zero. P = 900/60 = 15 W WD = 150 x 4 = 600 J Rate of work done = Power = 600/8 = 75 W