TEACHER: MORELBA BRICEO

ADJECTIVES
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective often precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies.

Adjectives are used to describe colour, material, shape, size, amount, price,

quality, origin, personality, weight, temperature, weight, age, direction, etc. Adjective Usage

Adjectives are placed before the noun. Adjectives can be used with all forms of nouns (see nouns).

Examples: Adjectives With Nouns:

My teacher is really nice. I was teaching in a really big high school, while I was working on my master's

degree.

The university that my oldest brother is going to is really nice. The English teacher gave us a hard project to do this year.

Adjective With Verbs:

Our English teacher is tall and thin. Our professor is a really nice man.

What are superlative adjectives? Superlative adjectives are used to define the highest degree of a noun. Superlative adjectives are used only if 3 or more things or people are being compared.

Examples:

The black dog is the biggest. The house at the end of the street is the nicest. My mother's pizza is the best.

The structure of a superlative usually consists of the root of the adjective root of the adjective plus the suffix -est or "most" or "least" is added before the adjective in it's root form. The amount of syllables the adjectives contain determines if -est is added to the end of the adjective or if "most" or "least" is added before the adjective. The chart below is a guide to help you understand the correct structure of superlative adjectives. English Superlative Adjectives Rules

This winter is the coldest,

cold - coldest small -

that I can remember.

-est is added to the end of an adjective 1-syllable word

The green hat is the

smallest

smallest hat in the store.

tall - tallest

I am the tallest, in my

class early - earliest happy

Today is the earliest that I

Change the y to an -i.and add -est to the end of an adjective with 2 syllables, if the word ends in -y.

came home all week.

happiest

She is the happiest, I have

been seen her.

crazy -

craziest "most" or "least" are used for honest - most

I have the craziest dog, I

have ever seen.

The policeman is the most

adjectives that consist of two syllables, if the word doesn't end in -y. adjectives that end in -y, change the -y to i and add -ed

honest

honest people that I know.

difficult- most

The last test was the most

difficult

difficult.

modern -

Our generation is the most

more modern expensive -

modern.

That is the most expensive

most expensive "most" and "least" are used for adjectives that contain 3 or more syllables

dress in the store.

difficult -

This problem is the most

most difficult comfortable -

difficult, that I have had to solve in my life.

most comfortable

These shoes are the most

comfortable.

Your family is the nicest

If an adjectives that ends in -e, then only -r is added to end of the adjective.

nice -nicest safe -safest

that I have ever met.

This car is the safest on

the market.

My house is the biggest on

Adjective that end in a consonant, vowel, consonant the last consonant is doubled and -est is added to the end of the adjective.

big -biggest fat- fattest hot -hottest

the block.

My sister is the fattest in

the school.

The summer is the hottest

time of the year.

What are comparative adjectives?

Comparative adjectives are used to clarify the difference between 2 objects/nouns. .

Comparative adjectives are used to compare 2 nouns. To state that one noun has more of something then the 2nd noun.

Note: Superlative adjectives are used to compare 3 or more nouns. Examples:

The black dog is older than the white dog. My house is bigger than my sister's house. The yellow hat is more expensive than the green hat.

The Rules for using Comparative Adjectives How to Use Comparative Adjectives "Than" is usually used after the comparative adjective.

The winter is

colder than the summer.

cold - colder small - smaller tall - taller

The green hat is

-er is added to the end of a 1syllable adjective

smaller than the yellow hat.

Most basketball

players are taller than me. -er is added to the end of an adjective with 2 syllables, if the word ends in -y.

early - earlier happy -

I came home

earlier than my sister.

happier

I am happier now

than 1 year ago. crazy - crazier

My friend is

crazier than me.

The policeman is

honest - more

more honest than criminals.

"more" is used for words that have 2 syllables, if the word doesn't end in -y. adjectives that end in -y, change the -y to i and add -ed

honest

difficult- more

The last test was

difficult

more difficult than the test today.

modern - more

modern

Our generation is

more modern, than our parents generation

expensive -

more expensive "more" is used for words that have 3 or more syllables

difficult - more

difficult

comfortable -

more comfortable adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added to end of the adjective adjective that end in a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is doubled

nice -nicer safe -safer big -bigger fat- fatter hot -hotter

My house is

bigger than, my sisters house.

My sister is fatter

than me.

The summer is

hotter than the winter.

The structure of a comparative usually consists of the root of the adjective root of the adjective plus the suffix -est or "more" or "less" is added before the adjective in it's root form. The amount of syllables the adjectives contain determents if -er is added to the end of the adjective or if "more" or "less" is added before the adjective. Note: "Than" is usually used after the comparative adjective. Short words - words with 1 syllable or words with 2 syllables if the word ends in -y. -er is added to the end of the word. Notes:

Adjectives ending in -y; change the -y to -i and add -er. Adjectives that end with a consonant, vowel, consonant - the last consonant is

doubled and -er is added to the end of the adjective. Examples cold - colder small - smaller tall - taller early - earlier happy - happier crazy - crazier big -bigger fat- fatter hot -hotter

Long words - words with 3 more syllables, and words with 2 syllables that don't end in -y. The word "more" is placed before the adjective. Note: Adjectives that end in -e, only -r is added to end of the adjective.

Examples

Examples honest - more

expensive - more expensive difficult - more difficult comfortable - more

honest

difficult- more difficult

modern - more modern

comfortable

LIST OF ENGLISH ADJECTIVES

Appearance adorable adventurous aggressive alert attractive average beautiful blue-eyed bloody blushing bright clean clear cloudy colorful crowded cute dark drab distinct dull elegant excited fancy filthy Appearance Contd. glamorous gleaming gorgeous graceful grotesque handsome homely light long magnificent misty motionless muddy old-fashioned plain poised precious quaint shiny smoggy sparkling spotless stormy strange ugly ugliest unsightly unusual wide-eyed Condition alive annoying bad better beautiful brainy breakable busy careful cautious clever clumsy concerned crazy curious dead different difficult doubtful easy expensive famous fragile frail gifted helpful helpless horrible important Condition Contd. impossible inexpensive innocent inquisitive modern mushy odd open outstanding poor powerful prickly puzzled real rich shy sleepy stupid super talented tame tender tough uninterested vast wandering wild wrong Feelings (Bad) angry annoyed anxious arrogant ashamed awful bad bewildered black blue bored clumsy combative condemned confused crazy, flipped-out creepy cruel dangerous defeated defiant depressed disgusted disturbed dizzy dull embarrassed envious evil fierce Feelings (Bad) Contd. grumpy helpless homeless hungry hurt ill itchy jealous jittery lazy lonely mysterious nasty naughty nervous nutty obnoxious outrageous panicky repulsive scary selfish sore tense terrible testy thoughtless tired troubled upset uptight

foolish frantic frightened grieving Feelings (Good) agreeable amused brave calm charming cheerful comfortable cooperative courageous delightful determined eager elated enchanting encouraging energetic enthusiastic excited exuberant fair faithful fantastic fine friendly funny gentle glorious good Feelings (Good) Contd. happy healthy helpful hilarious jolly joyous kind lively lovely lucky nice obedient perfect pleasant proud relieved silly smiling splendid successful thankful thoughtful victorious vivacious witty wonderful zealous zany Shape broad chubby crooked curved deep flat high hollow low narrow round shallow skinny square steep straight wide Size big colossal fat gigantic great huge immense large little mammoth massive miniature petite puny scrawny short small tall teeny teeny-tiny tiny Sound cooing deafening faint harsh high-pitched hissing hushed husky loud melodic moaning mute noisy purring quiet raspy resonant screeching shrill silent soft squealing thundering voiceless whispering

weary wicked worried Time ancient brief Early fast late long modern old old-fashioned quick rapid short slow swift young

Taste/Touch Taste/Touch Contd. bitter delicious fresh juicy ripe rotten salty sour spicy stale melted nutritious plastic prickly rainy rough scattered shaggy shaky sharp

Touch boiling breezy broken bumpy chilly cold cool creepy crooked cuddly

Quantity abundant empty few heavy light many numerous substantial

sticky strong sweet tart tasteless tasty thirsty fluttering fuzzy greasy grubby hard hot icy loose

shivering silky slimy slippery smooth soft solid steady sticky tender tight uneven weak wet wooden yummy

curly damaged damp dirty dry dusty filthy flaky fluffy freezing hot warm wet

Exercise
Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative). 1. My house is (big) __________________________than yours. 2. This flower is (beautiful) ___________________than that one. 3. This is the (interesting) __________________book I have ever read. 4. Non-smokers usually live (long) ______________________than smokers. 5. Which is the (dangerous) ______________________animal in the world? 6. A holiday by the sea is (good) _______________________than a holiday in the mountains. 7. It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) __________________________than a beer. 8. Who is the (rich) ____________________________woman on earth? 9. The weather this summer is even (bad) _____________________than last summer. 10. He was the (clever) _____________________thief of all.