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Anatomy and Physiology Midterm Exam Review Sheet 90 minute test with 105 Questions

Chapter 1 1. What is the difference between anatomy and physiology? 2. What is the smallest living unit? 3. What are the 11 organ systems and examples of each? 4. What are the survival needs of humans? 5. How does the system detect change? 6. What is the correct anatomical position of a biped? 7. What are examples of the various regions of the body (occipital)? 8. What are examples of the cavities of the body (thoracic, etc.)? 9. How is the body divided from right to left? 10. What are the functions of LIFE? 11. What are the directional terms for humans? (anterior/posterior, etc) 12. What are landmarks of the body? 13. What is the sequence for the simplest to the most complex structural levels for the organization of humans? (chemical) 14. Which organ system removes metabolic waste? 15. What is the directional location of the heart to the lungs? 16. What is the difference between the sternal, axillary, and brachial regions? 17. What is the difference between the vertebral, occipital, and buccal regions? Chapter 2 1. Can you recognize physical changes of various substances? (ice melting) 2. What is the simplest atom? 3. What composes the atomic number? 4. What are the elements that make up 96% of the body? 5. What is the most abundant element in the body? 6. What is a subatomic particle? 7. What is the difference between a compound and an element? (examples) 8. What is the difference between an acid and a base? 9. What is a starch, monosaccharide, disaccharide, and a polysaccharide? 10. What is the smallest building unit for proteins? 11. What is complementary base pairing of DNA? (A-T, C-G) 12. How are nucleotides bonded together? 13. What are enzymes (catalyst)? Chapter 3 1. What is the function of ribosomes? 2. What is the difference between isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions? 3. What are the differences between the stages of mitosis? 4. How do you tell the difference between smooth and rough E.R.? 5. What are the two types of endocytosis? 6. What are some examples of connective tissue? 7. What type of epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder? 8. What type of epithelial tissue is found in the esophagus and can withstand a lot of friction? 9. What type of connective tissue is found subcutaneously? 10. What are intercalated disks and where are they located? 11. What type of muscle cells are found in hollow organs? Chapter 4 1. What type of membrane is skin? 2. What are the different types of membranes and where are they found?

3. What are fingernails? 4. What are sebaceous glands? 5. What is the rule of nines? 6. What is the ABCDs of skin? 7. What is the external skin tissue called? 8. What is a homeostatic imbalance that is caused by chemicals? 9. What are finger-like projections found in the epidermis? 10. What is the greatest threat to the health of an individual with 3rd degree burns? Chapter 5 1. What are the most important minerals found in bones? 2. What are cube shaped bones, irregular bones, long bones, etc. (examples) 3. What is the difference between an axial and appendicular skeleton? 4. What is the foramen magnum? 5. What is the importance of the hyoid bone? 6. What is the axis and atlas? 7. What is acetylcholine use for? 8. What type of bone is the patella? 9. What is a greenstick fracture? 10. What is the order for the location of the ribs? 11. How many true ribs, false ribs and floating ribs? 12. What cranial bone forms from fibrous membranes? 13. What is the difference between male and female pelvices? Chapter 6 1. How does a skeletal muscle contract? (acitn/myosin, etc.) 2. What muscle moves the eyebrow in a wrinkled position? 3. What is the significance of the sartorius muscle? 4. What is the significance of the antagonistic muscles of the forearm? 5. What type of muscle has involuntary control? 6. What are the characteristics of smooth muscle? 7. What is a sarcomere? 8. What is the difference between actin and myosin? 9. What is the physiology of a muscle contraction (general)? 10. What are the criteria for naming muscles? 11. What does a motor unit consist of? Chapter 7 1. What organs are found in the central nervous system? 2. What is the nissl substance and the neurilemma? 3. What is the difference between an axon and a dendrite? 4. What is a neurotransmitter in a nervous impulse? 5. What are receptors, effectors in the nervous system? 6. What is the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system? 7. What type of impulse conduction is fastest in a neuron? 8. What is an action potential? 9. What is salutatory conduction? 10. Which cranial nerve is involved in chewing? 11. What effectors are controlled by the autonomic nervous system? 12. What is a type of traumatic brain injury (homeostatic imbalance)? 13. What is the blood brain barrier effective against? 14. Which portion of the brain controls temperature, hormones, and thirst? 15. The central sulcus separates which lobes of the brain? 16. What are the three parts of the brain stem? 17. What is the correct sequence of events for a reflex arc?

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