University of Cambridge International Examinations General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS
General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level
*8561109535*
2059/02
PAKISTAN STUDIES
Paper 2 The Environment of Pakistan
October/November 2010
1 hour 30 minutes
Additional Materials:
Answer Booklet/Paper
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet.
Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
Answer any three questions.
Sketch maps and diagrams may be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer.
The insert contains Fig. 4 for Question 2, Photographs A and B for Question 2, and Photograph C for
Question 3.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
Write the numbers of the questions answered on the front cover of your Answer Booklet/Paper.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
For Examiners Use

1
2
3
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5
Total
This document consists of 18 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 insert.

DC (LEO/SW) 20023/5
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2
1
(a) Study Fig. 1, which shows a map of Pakistan.

N
no
data
C
A
Key:
density of population
persons per sq. km
over 200
50 - 200
under 50
Arabian Sea
international boundary
400
disputed boundary
km
Fig. 1
(i)
Name the cities A, B and C, and the line of latitude D.

A ........................................................................................................................................
B ........................................................................................................................................
C ........................................................................................................................................
D ....................................................................................................................................[4]
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(ii)
With reference to Fig. 1, explain how the population density of the area north of the line D
is related to relief (topography) and water supply.
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4
(b) Study Fig. 2, which shows the weight of marine fish caught 19962006.
500,000
metric
tonnes 400,000
300,000
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
year
Fig. 2
The weight of fish caught in 2006 was less than in 1996.
(i)
Suggest two reasons for this decrease.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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(ii)
Describe how the weight of fish caught changed in the years between 1996 and 2006.
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(c) Describe how marine fishing methods can be improved.
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6
(d) Study Fig. 3.
communications
education
employment
food
trade
FISHING
technology
sustainability
pollution
Fig. 3
With reference to Fig. 3, explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing the fishing
industry in Pakistan.
Advantages ...............................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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2
(a) Study Fig. 4 (Insert), which shows patterns of goat rearing in Pakistan.
(i)
Describe the distribution of goat rearing in Balochistan.

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(ii)
Suggest why the government of Pakistan discourages the rearing of goats.

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(iii)
Why are there many nomadic farmers in Balochistan?

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(b) Explain why buffalo are not reared in Balochistan.
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(c) Study Photographs A and B (Insert) showing a buffalo farm in Lodhran district, Punjab.
(i)
How do the photographs show that these buffalo are being kept in good living conditions?
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(ii)
Suggest why buffalo farms can often be found around urban areas.
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(d) Meat provides a valuable source of protein in food, and there are many other useful products
from animals.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing livestock farming in Pakistan.
Advantages ...............................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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3
(a) Study Fig. 5, which shows the sectors of employment by percentage in Pakistan.
employers
0
10%
90%
80%
unpaid
family
workers
70%
paid
employment
30%
self
employment
60%
20%
40%
50%
Fig. 5
(i)
Which is the largest sector?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii)
Give an example of self-employment.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
What is the percentage of unpaid family workers?

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(iv)
[1]
State two jobs that may be done on a farm by unpaid family workers.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]
(v)
Suggest why many farms rely on unpaid family workers.

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(b) Explain the push factors, other than low pay, that may cause rural-urban migration.
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(c) Study Photograph C (Insert), which shows a valley in Shangla district, NWFP.
(i)
With reference to the photograph, explain why agriculture is difficult in this area.
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(ii)
Name two cottage industries that could be developed in this area.

1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................[2]
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(d) Choose two of the improvements shown below, and explain to what extent these two
improvements could create more employment opportunities in mountain valleys.
ROAD BUILDING
RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY
CLEAN WATER SUPPLY
BETTER TELECOMMUNICATIONS
1 ................................................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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4
(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows energy sources by percentage in Pakistan.

HEP
(hydel)
others
gas
oil
Fig. 6
(i)
Name the two largest sources of energy.

1 ..........................................................
(ii)
2 ..........................................................
[2]
Which source named on Fig. 6 is renewable?

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii)
Suggest two sources of energy in the others sector of Fig. 6.

1 ..........................................................
(b) (i)
[2]
Name an HEP (hydel) power station and state the name of the river on which it is built.
Name ..................................................
(ii)
2 ..........................................................
River ....................................................
[2]
Why is HEP(hydel) an important source of electricity in northern Pakistan?

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(iii)
Why can the supply of power from these stations be unreliable?

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14
(c) Study Fig 7, which shows the location of Faisalabad.
to Islamabad and
NWFP
Riv
er C
hen
ab
I R R I G AT E D
FA R M L A N D
raw
cotton
to Lahore
raw
cotton
ive
rR
av
i
FAISALABAD
raw
cotton
Trimmu
Barrage
Balloki
Barrage
I R R I G AT E D
FA R M L A N D
to Karachi
Key:
road
railway
river
thermal power station
airport
dry port
Fig. 7
State three factors shown on Fig. 7 which influence the cotton industry in Faisalabad. For
each factor, explain its importance to the development of this industry.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
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(d) Study Fig. 8.
jobs
skills
COTTON
infrastructure
competition
technology
trade
Fig. 8
In recent years there has been little growth in the cotton textile industry. With reference to
Fig. 8, explain the advantages and disadvantages of increasing cotton textile production in
Pakistan.
Advantages ...............................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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5
(a) Study Fig. 9, which shows an advertisement for a big company.
THE BIG POWER TRACTOR COMPANY
Our tractors are big and powerful.

They work quickly and efficiently.
They can do many tasks.
For sale or lease

Contact
Bank loans can be arranged
The Big Power Tractor Company, Karachi, Pakistan

Tel. 021-7654222
Fax. 92-21-7654333
Website www.Bigpowertractors.com
E-mail bigpowertractors@pakcom.com
Fig. 9
(i)
(ii)
State four ways of contacting this company.

1 ..........................................................
2 ..........................................................
3 ..........................................................
4 ..........................................................
[2]
Which is the slowest way of contact?

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(iii)
Why does the company advertise many different ways of contacting it?
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(b) (i)
Explain two of the reasons given in the advertisement for using this tractor on a farm.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
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2 ........................................................................................................................................
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(ii)
Why are tractors not used by many small-scale farmers?

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(iii)
In what ways can the government help small-scale farmers to mechanise their farms?
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18
(c) (i)
From the list below state two imports and two exports.
COTTON
MACHINERY
CRICKET BATS
(ii)
WHEAT
IRON ORE
SURGICAL EQUIPMENT
LEATHER
COMPUTERS
Imports 1 .......................................................
2 .......................................................
Exports 1 .......................................................
2 ....................................................... [2]
The European Union (EU) is a major trading partner of Pakistan.

Name two countries in this trading community.
1 ..........................................................
(iii)
2 ..........................................................
[2]
Why it is important that Pakistan trades both imports and exports with the EU?
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(d) The development of wind power generators off the coast of Pakistan could reduce the
countrys dependence on imported fuels.
Explain the advantages and disadvantages of developing alternative power sources.
Advantages ...............................................................................................................................
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Disadvantages ..........................................................................................................................
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[Total: 25]
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BLANK PAGE
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BLANK PAGE
Copyright Acknowledgements:
Questions 1 & 2
Photographs
Oxford School Atlas for Pakistan ; Oxford University Press; 2008.

Estate of Roland Strutt UCLES.
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
UCLES 2010
2059/02/O/N/10

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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

For Examiners Use

This document consists of 18 printed pages, 2 blank pages and 1 insert.

(a) Study Fig. 1, which shows a map of Pakistan.

Name the cities A, B and C, and the line of latitude D.

Suggest two reasons for this decrease.

Describe the distribution of goat rearing in Balochistan.

Suggest why the government of Pakistan discourages the rearing of goats.

Why are there many nomadic farmers in Balochistan?

Which is the largest sector?

Give an example of self-employment.

What is the percentage of unpaid family workers?

Suggest why many farms rely on unpaid family workers.

Name two cottage industries that could be developed in this area.

RELIABLE ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

CLEAN WATER SUPPLY

(a) Study Fig. 6, which shows energy sources by percentage in Pakistan.

Name the two largest sources of energy.

Which source named on Fig. 6 is renewable?

Suggest two sources of energy in the others sector of Fig. 6.

Why is HEP(hydel) an important source of electricity in northern Pakistan?

Why can the supply of power from these stations be unreliable?

(a) Study Fig. 9, which shows an advertisement for a big company.

THE BIG POWER TRACTOR COMPANY

Our tractors are big and powerful.

For sale or lease

Bank loans can be arranged

The Big Power Tractor Company, Karachi, Pakistan

State four ways of contacting this company.

Which is the slowest way of contact?

Why are tractors not used by many small-scale farmers?

The European Union (EU) is a major trading partner of Pakistan.

Oxford School Atlas for Pakistan ; Oxford University Press; 2008.

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