A More Concise formalism for Kalbermann-Halevi ansatz for Macroscopic Spacetime Shortcuts in the Manyfold Universe

Fernando Ernesto Gorjao Henriques de Carvalho e Rego Loup Faculdades Integradas Anglo Americano - Botafogo - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil(851101667 - 1985) July 30, 2004

Abstract We present the argument that the geometrical beauty of the ADDK Manyfold Universe is enough to exclude the exotic forms of Dark Matter predicted by some physical theories but never observed experimentally.We argue that if Dark Matter can raise by 7 times the spinning rotation of spiral arms of Galaxies around their Nuclei then Dark Matter should have been detected at least in our Galaxy by a very precise instrument as the NASA Chandra Satellite.Since nothing has been found and something so massive to raise 7 times the spinning speed of spiral arms cannot evade detection by highly accurate instruments we conclude that the exotic forms of Dark Matter which means to say WIMPS,Axions,Neutralinos,Heavy or Strange Neutrinos or other exotic forms of Baryonic Dark Matter dont have physical existance and we propose the natural and geometrical beauty of the Manyfold Universe provides the physical and correct explanation for Dark Matter. We explore the natural beauty and the consequences of the ADDK Model.

EXT-2004-092

The Mistery of Dark Matter and The Manyfold Universe(ADDK)The Hybrid Objects

When measuring the speed of rotation of the spiral arms of Galaxies,astronomers noticed that these arms are spinning around the Galaxy Nuclei at a much faster speed than what could be considered as the correct speed taking into account the visible amount of stars plus the amount of invisible Black Holes predicted by modern theories. As a matter of fact the spiral arms are spinning much faster than the margin of error for these calculations:At 7 times faster than the velocity obtained [4] and predicted by the elds of stars and Black Holes,astronomers started to think about the invisible forms of matter that could possible generate the gravitational elds responsible for this high spinning speed. Since this form of matter is invisible to us astronomers called it by the name of Dark Matter ( pp 2,3 and 4 in [1] and pp 1,2 in [10]). Many explanations were created by particle physicists to explain this heavy form of matter responsible for such intense gravitational elds however since we do not see this form of matter nor its eects over ordinary matter(this is a false assumption since the intense gravitational eld is a form of interaction between this Dark Matter and normal matter) physicists concluded that these particles do not interact with normal matter and must possesses a exotic behaviour. Axions,WIMPS,Neutralinos,Photinos,Heavy Neutrinos etcetera all were created by the particle physics community to explain the Mistery of Dark Matter however none of these particles were ever found [4] and since these particles possesses gravitational

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30/07/2004

elds strong enough to interact with normal matter producing the high values of the spinning speeds of Galaxy spiral arms these particles should be detectable by high-precision instruments such as the NASA Chandra satellite. [4] The absence of detection proofs of these particles shows that we must abandon all these theories because this do not explains the Mistery of Dark Matter. The most reasonable approach that can correct explain the Dark Matter Mistery was created by Nimas-Arkani Hamed(A),Savas Dimopolous(D),Gia Dvali(D) and Nemaja Kaloper(K) from University of California Berkeley USA,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory USA,Stanford University California USA and New York University USA. This theory is remarkable by its simplicity and beauty that not only can explain the Mistery of Dark Matter but also it can provides the nal proof that the Extra Dimensions predicted by modern physics but also never been detected really exists. (pp 1,2 in [10]) The ADDK theory is simply called The Manyfold Universe. The Manyfold Universe theory states that remote parts of the Universe separated by billion light years of distance in ordinary tri-dimensional spacetime are really connected by a submilimeter Extra Dimension of Planck size(1035 m)and gravity as the weakest and smallest interaction can access this Extra Dimension shortcuts to travel billion light years in seconds( pp 3,16 and 4,5 and 6 in [1] and pp 1,2 and 7 in [10]). Then gravitational elds of distant bodies adds its gravitational strenght to the elds of matter in our local neighbourhoods increasing the strenght of local gravity and the spinning speeds of spiral arms. The combination between gravity elds of distant bodies and local bodies connected by this Planck size Extra Dimension is what ADDK calls a Hybrid Object (pp2 in [1]). The natural beauty of ADDK Manyfold Universe tells us that Dark Matter is chemically identical to matter in our local neighbourhoods and possesses the same identical microphysical properties however because such matter lies on other folds of the Universe at billion light years away from us we can feel only its gravitational presence.The dierence between Dark Matter and ordinary matter is not physical but purely geometrical(pp 2,5 and 6 in [1] also g 1 in [1]) There is no need for exotic particles phantom particles quintessence scalar elds or baryonic Dark Matter or whatever.What is remarkable about this theory is the fact that this Extra Dimension presents Superluminal properties.Consider for example a star formed in a Galaxy at 326 million light years away:the gravity of the formed star will reach us in 2, 5 1010 seconds travelling in the Extra Dimension of Planck size while photons of light conned to our 3+1 space needs 326 million light years to cover the same distance (pp 8 in [3] and pp 7 in [10]). Now we have a clear picture of what Dark Matter really is:our star newly formed at 326 million light years away will interact gravitationally with matter in our local neighbourhoods in 2, 5 1010 seconds after the star formation creating a ADDK Hybrid Object raising the spinning speed of the spiral arms of our Galaxy but during the rst 326 million years of existance the star will remain to us a Dark star until the arrival of the rst photons of light to make the star shine and visible.( see pp 5,6 in [1] about the comment that a observer can see the Dark Matter if the observer waits long enough). The Superluminal properties of the Extra Dimension were already noticed by ADDK authors (see pp,3,16 in [1] , pp 8 in [3],pp 1,2 and 7 in [10] and in abstract of [11] [12] [13] and [16]). This does not means to say that gravity propagates at Superluminal speeds:it means to say that gravity can take the shortcuts thru the Extra Dimension that connects at Planck size remote parts of the Universe at billion light years away arriving rst than photons of light to these remote parts since photons are conned to our ordinary spacetime and cannot take shortcuts. (see pp 1,2 and 7 in [10] and the abstracts of [11] [12] [13] and [16]). The rest of this work focuses on the theoretical possibility that these shortcuts can be enlarged to allow the passage of other interactions or even large Macroscopic Bodies between remote parts of the Universe.

Enlarging the Spacetime Shortcut of the Manyfold Universe from Planck size to Macroscopical Size:The Dutch Equation

But what if we could discover a way to enlarge this Planck size dimension from 1035 m to 200 meters for example. Remember that the smallest wavelenght for photon already observed were a wavelenght of about 1018 m still large and cannot ts in the Extra Dimension (pp 3 in [5] and pp 1,2 in [10]).This is the reason why photons conned to our ordinary spacetime takes 326 million years to arrive here.This a geometric trapping also of natural beauty(no need for exotic trapping mechanisms provided in some BraneWorld Models pp 1,2 in [10]). The Physics of Extra Dimensions needs to explain why we cannot see the Extra Dimensions and in BraneWorld models of Large Extra Dimensions (by large we assume a dimension of milimeters which is very large compared to the 1035 meters of the Planck Lenght) some trapping mechanisms are introduced to conne matter in the 3+1 ordinary spacetime hidding from us the Extra Dimensions however these trapping mechanisms leads to unphysical results (pp 3 in [5] pp 2,3,5 and 7 in [3],pp 2 in [10]). We prefer to adopt the fact that the Extra Dimensions are too small to be penetrated by matter eliminating the need of the exotic trapping mechanisms (pp 2,7 in [10]). The Planck size of the Extra Dimension can be written in function of some well-known physical constants and the expression was obtained by a research group in the University of Amsterdam Holland(pp 12 eq 14 in [5],pp 3,5 eq 1,2 and 4 in [10]).The equation is simply called:The Dutch Equation. R= 4 2 G 2 u0 0
2

(1)

In the Dutch Equation G = 6, 67 1011 N m2 /Kg 2 is the Newton Gravitational Constant, = 6,626 2 1034 Js is the Planck Constant , = 1, 61019 C is the elemantar charge of the eletron ,u0 = 4 107 H/m is the magnetic permeability of the vacuum and the electric permittivity in vacuum is given by 0 = 8, 854157817 1012 F/m. Applying all these values in the equation we will nd a value of 1, 9 1034 m approximately the Planck Lenght. In order to enlarge the value of the Extra Dimension R from the Planck size to a Macroscopical one allowing the access of ordinary matter and photons to the Extra Dimensional shortcut we must enlarge one or more of these physical constants.(pp 3,4,5 and 7 in [10]). The idea to enlarge some physical constants was already proposed by Marc Millis of NASA [6],[10] and the values of 0 or u0 are changed if the VSL Cosmology prevails.([7] and pp 4,5 and 6 in [10]).VSL 1 Cosmology states that the speed of light was higher in the past hence c = 0 u0 can imply in a grow of 0 or u0 or both.Exactly what we need to enlarge the Extra Dimension to Macroscopic Size.(pp 4,5 and 6 in [10]) 1 Also note that the paradigm of the d3 that could aect for example planetary orbits in Newtonian gravity in a higher dimensional spacetime do not aect the Dutch Equation (pp 6,7 in [10]) considering that we want to enlarge the Extra Dimension from 1035 m to 200 m not the size of a planetary orbit eg the distance between Earth and Mars.

The Kalbermann-Halevi Solution of the Einstein Field Equations for Dark Matter and the Variation of 0 or u0 to enlarge the Extra Dimension

Our point of view as stated before relies upon the geometrical and natural beauty of the Manyfold Universe and in the chemical equivalence between Dark Matter and ordinary matter(abstract pp 2,4 and g 1 in [1]) and in the small size of the Extra Dimension that acts as a geometrical trapping mechanism to keep matter in the Einsteinian TriDimensional space eliminating the need of exotic trapping mechanisms (pp 2,3 and 5 in [3]). The Correct Einstein Field Equation of General Relativity that can describe mathematically the beauty of the ADDK Manyfold Universe was developed by German (Zvi) Kalbermann and Hai Halevi from Jerusalem University and Rehovot University in Israel ([15]) and is known as the Kalbermann-Halevi solution given by the following equation (pp 4 eq 3 in [3]) and (pp 7,8 eq 5,6 and 10 in [10]) ds2 = dt2 b(R)dR2 c(R)dl2 (2)

where R is the Extra Dimension and dl2 is the line element of our Einsteinian TriDimensional space. A more specical example can be written as (pp 7 eq 7 in [3]): ds2 = dt2 b(R)dR2 ek(R
2 )/2

dl2

(3)

This ansatz have a generic b(R) Solving the Null-Like Geodesics for the equation above and considering that R have small derivatives and dR is close to zero we easily see how Kalbermann arrived at the result of 326 million light years in dt 2, 5 1010 seconds(pp 8 eq 8 in [3]). Solving the Null-Like with respect to the dl2 we have: ( dl 2 1 dR 2 ) = [1 b(R)( ) ] dt c(R) dt
1 c(R)

(4)

The analysis of the equation above shows that

= ek(R

2 )/2

and since k = 1062 (see pp 7 in [3] and

1 pp 8 in [10]) then c(R) >> 1 (making c = 1 in the Ansatz of Kalbermann-Halevi).b(R)( dR )2 must also dt have a small value to enhance the Superluminal properties of the shortcut. Also we must take in mind that the Einstein Tensor G00 or G00 related to the energy density must be low and aordable to keep the Kalbermann-Halevi solution in reasonable physical levels of energy.(see pp 8,9 in [10] and the comments on the Metric Engineering in [14]) The Einstein Tensor G00 is given by the following expression:(see pp 8 eq 7 and 8 in [10])

3 db dc d2 c [( ) 2( 2 b)] (5) 4b2 c dR dR dR Note that this Einstein Tensor is very dierent than the one depicted at (pp 5 eq 4 in [3]) and our is the correct one but see message in the Acknowledgements. We are interested in a G00 so close to zero because we will raise the Extra Dimension from Planck size of 1035 m to 200 m or nearly 102 m.This is to raise the energy density by a factor of 1037 or better: 10.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 and we want to have the energy density so close to zero as possible because this G00 is given in function of the Extra Dimension and integrating the energy density G00 = 4

in function of the Extra Dimension to nd out the energy requirements we could get large and unphysical amounts of energy. Then 3 db dc d2 c [( ) 2( 2 b)] = 0 4b2 c dR dR dR Rewriting the Kalbermann-Halevi ansatz we have: G00 =
2

b(R) = (kR)2 ekR

(6)

ds2 = dt2 (kR)2 ekR dR2 ek(R and for the Null-Like solution in function of dl2

2 )/2

dl2

(7)

dl 2 dR 2 2 ) = ekR (kR)2 ( ) dt dt (8) Now we can clearly see how the Kalbermann-Halevi solution of the Einstein Field Equations of General 2 Relativity explains the ADDK Manyfold Universe: ekR with k = 1062 (see pp 7 in [3] and pp 8 in [10]) when we enlarge R will produce a very large number (see also page 2 in [10] for the Topology) and 2 2 2 (kR)2 ekR = (kR) will fall between 0 and 1 but close to zero reducing the value of (kR) ( dR )2 and then kR2 kR2 dt ( ( (
e dl the value of ( dt )2 will be dictated by ekR >> 1 resulting clearly in Superluminal behaviour (considering 2 c = 1 of course) and ekR >> (kR)2 ( dR )2 dt In order to enlarge the value of the Extra Dimension R we must enlarge some of the physical constants already seen before and we will use the electric permittivity in vacuum 0 and/or the magnetic permeability in vacuum u0 taking in mind that the light speed can have variations ([7] and pp 3,4,5,6 and 7 in [10])(There are theories in which G or can vary but we choosed to keep these measures as constants and vary the speed of light in agreement with the Portuguese cosmologist Joao Magueijo of the Imperial College of London England).Also Marc Millis from NASA outlines that Electromagnetism is a physical interaction much more understood than Gravity and Electromagnetism must be the choice for the so called Spacetime Metric Engineering.([6] and pp 3,4,9,10,11 and 12 in [10] and [14]). Since the Null-Like Geodesics depends on the derivatives of R with respect to t and R is dened as a function of 0 and u0 we must take the derivatives of R with respect to these two variables.This gives us the following:
2

dl 2 1 2 dR 2 ) = [1(kR)2 ekR ( ) ] dt c(R) dt

dl 2 2 2 dR 2 ) = ekR [1(kR)2 ekR ( ) ] dt dt

dl 2 4G 2 ) = ekR (kR)2 ( 2 dt

d 0 1 0 du0 2 ( u0 + ) ) dt 2 u0 dt

(9)

In the equation above we must point out that although the derivatives of 0 and u0 may be high(since we are going to raise the Planck size dimension by 1037 ) the multiplication factor of G 2 will mean a lowering factor of 1011 1068 = 1079 which can ameliorate the needs of the large factor needed to dl enlarge the Planck size dimension keeping the ( dt )2 Superluminal but physically acceptable. Engineering a spacetime metric that can open the Extra Dimension Shortcuts will be extremely dicult(although Electromagnetics according to Marc Millis from NASA and [6] and pp 3,4,9,10,11 and 12 in [10] may provide the correct tools for this task) so perhaps it must be wise to study the derivatives of R with respect to 0 and u0 separately. These are the Null-Like Geodesics in which the derivatives of R are being taken in function of 0 and u0 separately 5

dl 2 4G 2 ) = ekR (kR)2 ( 2 dt
2

d 0 2 ( u0 ) ) dt

dl 2 ) dt ( dl 2 ) dt

(10)

dl 2 4G 2 ) = ekR (kR)2 ( 2 dt

1 0 du0 2 ( ) ) 2 u0 dt

u0

(11)

We must look for a way to perform this Spacetime Metric Engineering ([14]) enlarging 0 or u0 or both but keeping the derivatives low and aordable. If we can engineer by means of a polarizable vacuum(pp 4,5,9 and 10 also eq 13,14,15,16,21,22,23,24,25,26,27 and 28 in [10]) a variation of the electric permittivity in vacuum as follows( see pp 3,4 and also eq 3 in [10]):
0

= v 0(

1 + tanh[@(B D)]2 n ) 2

(12)

In which v 0 = 8, 854157817 1012 F/m is the electric permittivity in vacuum ,D is the radius of a a Spacetime Metric Engineering Bubble resembling the ones described in ([6] and pp 4 eq 6 in [17] or pp 3 eq 6 in [18] ) that will open the entrances to the Extra Dimension enlarging 0 and hence enlarging R according to the Dutch Equation.B is the position of any point between the center of the Bubble and the radius D.@ and n can have any values. The concept of a Spacetime Metric Enginnering of General Relativity by the use of the so-called Spacetime Manipulations or Distortions to allow hyper fast speeds for Macroscopic Bodies was created by Miguel Alcubierre Moya from Universidad Nacional Autonoma del Mexico and University of Wales in Cardi United Kingdom in 1994([17]) and the idea to create local distortions in front and behind of a space vehicle to allow propulsion at fast speeds using Electromagnetics was theorized by Marc Millis of NASA in the NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program(NASA BPP [6],[8] and [14]). The work of Miguel Alcubierre was considered a landmark because until 1994 speeds faster than the speed of the light were considered scientically impossible.Miguel Alcubierre tried to describe using the mathematical formalism of General Relativity and Einstein Field Equations the socalled Star Trek Warp Drive.Marc Millis created the NASA BPP in part inspired by Miguel Alcubierre ideas. Actually we know that the Miguel Alcubierre idea is impossible to be achieved because not only a Spacetime Distortion of the type he described violates all the energy conditions(reckognized by him even in 1994 pp 8 in [17]) but requires large amounts of the so-called exotic matter and large and unphysical energy densities.(see the comments on the Metric Engineering in [14]). But Miguel Alcubierre paved the way for the correct Spacetime Metric Engineering when he introduced the so-called Top Hat function.We know that Superluminal velocities in ordinary Einsteinian TriDimensional Spacetime are impossible because a spaceship would impact asteroids photons or Black Holes (there are modications introduced by others in Miguel Alcubierre original equations trying to solve the energy conditions violations or lowering the energy densities etcetera however impacts with Black Holes or asteroids in a real space ight cannot be avoided by introducing corrections into the equations.(see pp 11,12 in [10])(see the comments on the acionados in pp 10 eq 65 and the caution notes at pp 2 and 13 in [18]) . Our Spacetime Metric Engineering that fortunately have low and positive energy densities(pp 8,9 eq 11,12 in [10]) uses the ADDK-Manyfold Universe to allow Macroscopic Bodies motion at Superluminal speeds in Extra Dimensional Spacetime Shortcuts(see pp 1,2 and 7 in [10] and the abstracts of [11] [12] [13] and [16]) trying to describe in the scientic Hyper Dimensional General Relativity Framework what is known as the Star Wars Hyperdrive. Our distortion inspired in the Miguel Alcubierre Top Hat (pp 4 eq 6 in [17],pp 3 eq 6 in [18]) will provide a 0 normal in the center of the Bubble where B = 0 but when B approaches D, 0 starts to grow by huge values and this allows us to enlarge the Extra Dimension R to 6

a maximum value when B = D ( see the example of pp 4 eq 3 in [10]) and outside the Bubble 0 goes again back to normal.Note that 0 grows in the Walls of the Bubble enlarging the Extra Dimension to Macroscopic size according to the Dutch Equation.By shaping our Metric Engineering using the @ amd n parameters we can have a Bubble of large Walls large enough to contains a spaceship. The Null-Like Geodesics uses derivatives of 0 then d = (n + 1)v 0 ( = (n + 1)2 v 2 ( 0
0

= v 0 d(

1 + tanh[@(B D)]2 n ) 2

(13)

1 + tanh[@(B D)]2 (n+1) dB ) tanh[@(B D)] 2 cosh[@(B D)]2

(14)

2 0

1 + tanh[@(B D)]2 2(n+1) dB 2 ) tanh[@(B D)]2 2 cosh[@(B D)]4

(15)

Note that the derivatives are high in the Walls of the Bubble but when B = D there are no derivatives(the derivative reduces to zero).Hence the Extra Dimension have its maximum value and the Null-Like Geodesics gets its maximum Superluminal behaviour.Also note that we can shape our disdl tortion taking in mind the factor G 2 or 1079 can low the high values of the derivatives of 0 in the ( dt )2 when the derivatives starts to grow as already pointed in eq 9. Note that when we talks about placing a Macroscopic body in a region where 0 is changing perhaps we can aect the molecular integrity of the body(Wan der Waals molecular forces) and if by a Macroscopic body in the Spacetime Shortcut we means a spaceship then this can be very hazardous.(see pp 4,6 and 7 for Coulomb Constant in [10]). We know that our Bubble distortion is only a mathematical artifact but this seems physically reasonable and perhaps a real Spacetime Shortcut will look too much dierent than the one presented here but we believe we are in the right pathway. We used a Bubble of large radius D and in the Walls of our Bubble the Extra Dimension is enlarged by enlarging 0 however we need a second Bubble to protect the molecular integrity of the Macroscopic body.The whole process is perhaps a little complicated because we need to generate the distortion that will open the Extra Dimension allowing the Shortcut but we need to generate in the neighbourhoods of the Macroscopic Body a second Bubble where 0 remains unaected inside this protection Bubble and this second Bubble can be inserted into the rst one.Our idea is:we engineer the rst Bubble or radius D large for example 200 meters and the Macroscopic body starts to move towards the Walls to access the enlarged Extra Dimension however in the center of the Macroscopic body a second protection Bubble of lets say 14 meters of radius is generated to involve the body keeping 0 constant and this second Bubble enters in the Walls of the rst one.When we mean a Macroscopic Body in a Spacetime Shortcut we mean the body in the Extra Dimension enlarged by the rst Bubble but the body is contained in the protection Bubble to preserve its molecular integrity.This Bubble will travel in the Shortcut.This may not still be the correct framework and perhaps will suer changes in the future. The second Bubble could be given by the following expression according to the scenario pictured above
0

= v 0(

1 + tanh[(0 14)]2 1000 ) 2

(16)

Conclusion

Dark Matter is giving us the nal indications that we live in a Hyper Dimensional Universe. 3 large spatial dimensions and one(or more) compactied Planck size Extra Dimensions. Something so powerful,so strong that can multiply by 7 times the spinning speed of the Galaxies spiral arms could not evade its detection by a very precise and accurate scientic instrument such as the NASA Chandra Satellite. These intense gravitational elds interacts with the stars we see raising the rotation speed of the Galaxies spiral arms however these elds are not generated by the visible matter. The theories of particle physicists to explain how something like a WIMP (Weak Interaction Massive Particle) or a Axion or even a Neutralino or a Strange Heavy Neutrino are useful Gedanken-experiment tools to probe mathematics but physically it is hard to conceive something so massive to raise 7 times the spinning speed of a spiral arm and do not reacts with ordinary matter retaining a exotic behaviour.Remember that gravitationally Dark Matter interacts with ordinary matter so we cannot say that Dark Matter is Neutral.None of these exotic particles were found and perhaps may do not exist. The best explanation for Dark Matter is really the Manyfold Universe:The power,the beauty and the simplicity of this idea created by Nimas-Arkani Hamed,Savas Dimopolous,Gia Dvali and Nemanja Kaloper. All the Universe is connected by the Planck size Extra Dimension and Gravity can use these Shortcuts to travel billion light years in seconds connecting distant bodies as Hybrid Objects and what we measure gravitationally is the whole eld of the Object not the visible part and what we call as Dark Matter is the dierence between the gravitational eld of the whole Hybrid Object and the gravitational eld of the visible part.There is no need of Axions,WIMPS or whatever. The beauty of the equations of German (Zvi) Kalbermann and Hai Halevi shows that the Manyfold Universe can explain correctly the so called Mistery of Dark Matter. On the other hand we could think about the enlarging process for these Shortcuts to allow the remaining interactions or even Macroscopic Bodies the access to distant parts of the Universe. The Dutch Equation is remarkable because it denes the size of the Extra Dimension in function of well-known physical constants. Lastly we would like to comment the remarkable work of Miguel Alcubierre and Marc Millis: The Metric Engineering may not work well in ordinary TriDimensional Einsteinian space but the idea that we can create a Spacetime using the so-called Top Hat functions coupled to the Dutch Equation may pave the way for the future of Space Exploration. Marc Millis already started our rst steps using articial spacetimes to reach Superluminal velocities: Our rst Steps To The Stars. We are still in the beginning and perhaps we are still at Centuries behind a real and fully functional Macroscopic Spacetime Shortcut in the Manyfold Universe but we would like to terminate this modest essay quoting Konstantin Tsiolkovsly(mentor of Serguei Koroliev the father of the Russia Space program): Earth was the Craddle of the Human Race but Humans will not stay forever in the Craddle.

Acknowledgements

We would like to express the most profound and sincere gratitude towards Professor Doctor German(Zvi)Kalbermann from Rehovot University Israel for the comments given when checking the GrTensorII for Maple IX results for the G00 energy density tensor.Also we would like to mention Paulo Alexandre Santos from University of Aveiro Portugal for his help in getting the GrTensorII for Maple IX solutions.Also we would like to acknowledge Lusitania Companhia de Seguros Lisboa Portugal for the computer and Internet facilities allowed for this work(A remark to Antonio Almeida Rodrigues,Rui Santos Campos,Celia Saraiva Assis,Miguel Alves,Francisco Pires Ramos,Antonio Nicolau Rosario,Jose Manuel Mestre,Jose Marques Costa,Armando Conceicao Leite,Antonio Jorge Matos,Antonio Ilidio Rodrigues,Cristina Gomes Dias,Anacleto 8

Martins Duarte,Paulo Alexandre Parreira,Paulo Alexandre Pontes,Rui Teodosio,Jose Eduardo Raimundo,Jose Antonio Moreira,Isabel Ferreira,Iva Maria Paz,Jaime Correia Francisco,Natercia Sousa Mendes,Sertorio Conceicao Matos,Luis Bento Padrao,Cristina Costa,Albertino Soares,Luis Filipe Moreira,Luis Antonio Esteves).

Remarks

All the references from [1] to [8] mentioned in this work are provided as PDF les in the links of [4].All the references from [10] to [13] mentioned in this work are provided as PDF les in the links of [9].We adopted the Document Server of the Centre Europeene por la Recherche Nucleaire(European Organization for Nuclear Research)(CERN) as our main scientic reference source.

References
[1] Nima Arkani-Hamed,Savas Dimopoulos,Gia Dvali Nemanja Kaloper.The Manyfold Universe. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=408473 . [2] Roland Pease ;28 June 2001 Nature 411, 986 - 988 (2001). [3] German (Zvi) Kalbermann. Communication http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=404253. through an extra dimension.

[4] for the solutions of the Einstein Field Equations see the GrTensorII for Maple IX outputs for one Bulk dimensions and 3 Bulk dimensons depicted at http://www.geocities.com/loupwarp http://www.geocities.com/loupdrive and http://www.geocities.com/loupspeed . Also see the mentions to Dark Matter ndings by NASA Chandra Satellite. [5] Stefan Kowalczyk,Quinten Krijger,Maarten Van Der Ment,Jorn Mossel,Gerben Schooneveldt,Bart Verdoen;Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions;Department of Physics;University of Amsterdam. [6] Millis, M. Challenge to Create the Space Drive, In Journal of Propulsion and Power (AIAA), Vol. 13, No. 5, pp. 577-682, (Sept.-Oct. 1997). [7] Joao Magueijo;New varying speed of light theories. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=618057 . [8] NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program - BPP; http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/. [9] http://www.geocities.com/feghcrl and http://www.geocities.com/fernandoloup. [10] Fernando Loup. Macroscopic Spacetime http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=739597 . Shortcuts in Dynamics in the the in Manyfold fth 6 Universe. dimension. Dimensions.

[11] Robert Caldwell,David Langlois;Shortcuts http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=491939 . [12] Berta Quadros Melgar;Non-linear Brane http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=708977 .

[13] Berta Quadros Melgar,Elcio Abdala;Shortcuts in Domain Walls and the HorizonProblem. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=580738 . 9

[14] Late Report on NASA BPP http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/TM-2004-213082.htm. [15] German (Zvi) Kalbermann,Hai Halevi.Nearness http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=369314 . through an extra dimension.

[16] Daniel J H Chung,Katherine Freese.Can geodesics in extra dimensions solve the cosmological horizon problem?. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=402544 . [17] Miguel Alcubierre Moya.The Warp Drive Hyper Fast Travel Within General Relativity. http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=457045 . [18] Francisco Lobo,Matt Visser.Fundamental http://cdsweb.cern.ch/search.py?recid=744461 . . limitations on warp drive spacetimes.

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