Assignment in Religion V Titles of Mary B24 Jarod Landrix Cacho Peaflor Grade V Prudence Sr. Susan de Guzman O.P.

1. Theotokos It is the Greek title of Mary, the mother of Jesus used especially in theEastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic Churches. Its literal English translations include God-bearer and the one who gives birth to God. Less literal translations include Mother of God. Roman Catholics and Anglicans use the title Mother of God more often than Theotokos. The Council of Ephesus decreed in 431 that Mary is Theotokos because her son Jesus is one person who is both God and man, divine and human. 2. Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception It is a dogma of the Roman Catholic Church, according to which the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain (in Latin, macula or labes, the second of these two synonymous words being the one used in the formal definition) of original sin. It is one of the four dogmata in Roman Catholic Mariology. It is completely distinct from the Virginity of Mary and the virgin birth of Jesus, though it is a popular mistake to confuse them. Mary is sometimes called the Immaculata (the Immaculate One), particularly in artistic contexts. 3. Blessed Virgin Mary Roman Catholic veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary is based on Holy Scripture: In the fullness of time, God sent his son, born of a virgin. The mystery of the incarnation of the Son of God through Mary thus signifies her honour as Mother of God. From the Council of Ephesus in 431, which dogmatized this belief, to Vatican II and Pope John Paul II's Redemptoris Mater encyclical the Virgin Mary has come to be seen, not only as the Mother of God but also as the Mother of the Church. As the mother of Jesus Christ, Mary has a central role in the life of the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic veneration of her as the Blessed Virgin Mary has grown over time both in importance and

Assignment in Religion V ______________________________________________________________________________ manifestation, not only in prayer but in art, poetry and music. Popes have encouraged this veneration but from time to time have also taken steps to reform it. Overall, there are significantly more titles, feasts and venerative Marian practices among Roman Catholics than any other Christian traditions. 4. Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal Mary's appearances to Catherine Laboure in 1830 marked the beginning of modern Marian apparitions. Mary gave Catherine the design for this medal. The words on the medal prompted clarification on the Immaculate Conception, which became dogma in 1854.

5. Our Lady of Mt. Carmel It is the title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary in her role as patroness of the Carmelite Order. The first Carmelites were Christian hermits living on Mount Carmel in the Holy Land during the late 12th and early to mid 13th centuries. They built achapel in the midst of their hermitages which they dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, whom they conceived of in chivalric terms as the "Lady of the place." 6. Our Lady of Guadalupe It is also known as Virgin of Guapadlupe. is a celebrated Roman Catholic icon of the Virgin Mary. Under officially proclaimed by the Roman Catholic Church as the Patroness of Americas, Empress of Latin America and Protectress of the Unborn Children.[1]

this title, she is

According to Roman Catholic tradition, on December 9, 1531, Juan Diego, a recently converted Aztec indigenous peasant, had a vision of a young woman while he was on a hill in the Tepeyac desert, near Mexico City. The lady asked him to build a church exactly on the spot where they were standing. He told the local Bishop Juan de Zumarraga, who asked for proof in exchange.

Assignment in Religion V ______________________________________________________________________________ Juan Diego went back later and saw the lady again. He told her that the bishop wanted proof, and she instructed Juan Diego to go to the mountain top, where he found Castillian roses,[ which were native to Bishop Juan de Zumarraga's hometown and could not possibly bloom during wintertime. Juan Diego cut the roses, placed them in his apron-like tilma and returned to the bishop; an imprint of theBlessed Virgin Mary appeared on the tilma from the residue of the soil and roses. Today, the icon is displayed in the nearby Basilica of Guadalupe, now one of the most visited Catholic shrines in the world. The Virgin of Guadalupe is Mexico's most popular religious and cultural image, with the titles "Queen of Mexico", "Empress of the Americas",[5]and "Patroness of the Americas". Both Miguel Hidalgo (in the Mexican War of Independence) and Emiliano Zapata (during the Mexican Revolution) carried flags bearing the image of Our Lady of Guadalupe, and Guadalupe Victoria, the first Mexican president, changed his name in honor of the icon. 7. Our Lady of Perpetual Help It is a title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary by Pope Pius IX, associated with a Byzantine icon of the same name dating from the 15th century. The icon has been in Rome since 1499, and is currently in the church of Sant'Alfonso di Liguori all'Esquilino. In the Eastern Orthodox Church this iconography is known as the Virgin of the Passion or Theotokos of the Passion. Some Roman Catholics believe the icon to be a true copy of the painting that according to legend was painted from the life by Saint Luke using the meal table of the Holy Family in Nazareth, and in Eastern Orthodox tradition was often identified with the Hodegetria icon,[1] and consider it to be a miraculous imprint of the Blessed Virgin Mary both in the Latins and Orthodoxcommunities. The icon is unique and renowned due to Mary looking towards the faithful, while pointing at her son, Jesus Christwho is frightened by the instruments of crucifixion and is depicted with a fallen sandal. Due to the Redemptorist Priests who had been appointed as missionaries of this icon, the image has become very popular among Roman Catholics in particular, and has been very much copied and reproduced. Modern reproductions are sometimes displayed in homes or elsewhere. For many centuries, Roman Catholics and Orthodox Christians have prayed to the Blessed Virgin Mary for intercession on their behalf to Jesus Christ. On the current feast of Roman Catholic calendar of saints Our Lady of Perpetual Help is

Assignment in Religion V ______________________________________________________________________________ commemorated on June 27 while common novena prayers are customarily held on Wednesdays.

8. Our Lady of Fatima It is a famous title given to the Blessed Virgin Mary as she appeared in apparitions reported by three shepherd children at Ftima in Portugal. These occurred on the 13th day of six consecutive months in 1917, starting on May 13. The three children were Lcia dos Santos and her cousins Blessed Jacinta and Francisco Marto. The title of Our Lady of the Rosary is also sometimes used to refer to the same apparition (although it was first used in 1208 for the reported apparition in the church of Prouille), because the children related that the apparition called herself "Lady of the Rosary". It is also common to see a combination of these titles, i.e. Our Lady of the Rosary of Ftima (Portuguese: Nossa Senhora do Rosrio de Ftima). The events at Ftima gained particular fame due to their elements of prophecy and eschatology, particularly with regard to possible world war and the conversion of Soviet Russia.[1] The reported apparitions at Ftima were officially declared "worthy of belief" by the Catholic Church.

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9. Our Lady of Lourdes It is the name used to refer to the Marian apparition said to have appeared before various individuals on separate occasions around Lourdes, France. The apparitions of Our Lady of Lourdes began on 11 February 1858, when Saint Bernadette Soubirous, a 14-year-old peasant girl from Lourdes, told her mother, after being asked, that she had seen a "lady" in the cave of Massabielle, about a mile from the town, while gathering firewood with her sister and a friend.[1] Similar appearances of the "lady" were reported on seventeen further occasions that year. Bernadette Soubirous was canonized as a saint, and most Catholics and some Protestants believe her apparitions to have been of the Blessed Virgin Mary. In 1862, Pope Pius IX authorized the local bishop to permit the veneration of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lourdes.

10. Our Lady of Salambao It is one of the three patron saints of the town Obando, Bulacan, near Manila in the Philippines. She is invoked by fishermen for a bountiful catch, owing to her image being found by a fisherman using a salambaw, a type of net.

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11. Our Lady of the Rosary of Manaoag It is a 17th century Roman Catholic ivory icon of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the central figure at the altar of her shrine located in Manaoag, Pangasinan. Locally known as the patroness of the town, it is one of the most venerated Marian images of Mary in theRepublic of the Philippines. The statue's reputed miracles became famous in the 1940s. Several Japanese bombs were dropped within the church's vicinity. A bomb which fell on the statue's sanctuarium remained intact and did not explode. Commonly addressed as Apo Baket in native Pangasinense and Ilocanodialect, Mary, under this title, is officially known as the patroness of the sick, the helpless and the needy. The Shrine of Our Lady of Manaoag, located in the municipality of Manaoag is situated 200 kilometers north of Manila, is one of the most popular and widely visited Roman Catholic Pilgrimage sites in the Philippines. It is administered by the Dominican Order under theArchdiocese of Lingayen-Dagupan. Cardinal Bernard Francis Law, Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome, with permission of Pope Benedict XVI granted a plenary indulgence for the visitors of the shrine just as if one would visit a papal basilica in Rome. This was confirmed by theprelate of the Lingayen-Dagupan Diocese, Archbishop Socrates B. Villegas, in a circular dated June 13, 2011. According to the official document and upon confirmation by a Dominican official of the shrine who was among the priests who went to Rome for the signing of the agreement, the plenary indulgence may be obtained on each visit to the shrine subject to three conditions for each occasion: (1) going to confession immediately before the pilgrimage; (2) receiving the Eucharist during the pilgrimage; and (3) praying for the intentions of the Pope; each done in a spirit of detachment from the attraction of sin.

Assignment in Religion V ______________________________________________________________________________ On July 22, 2011, a special mass was held which launched a spiritual bond of affinity of the Shrine of Our Lady of Manaoag with the Shrine of the Papal and the Basilica of Saint Mary Major in Rome. Pope Benedict XVI canonically approved the grant of the plenary indulgence in June 21, 2011. The affiliation grants the same indulgences which can only be received from the Papal Basilicas located in Rome. Currently, only the Shrine of Our Lady of Manaoag holds this title of papal affiliation in the Philippines. This is in recognition of the innumerable miracles and supernatural events that have occurred within the over 400 years timeline of the shrine inspiring greater devotion to Our Lady of Manaoag.