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MUAZ BIN ABDULLAH M11D PN. SURINAM INVESTIGATING THE GRAPH OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION y = A sin (Bx + C)

PART 1

GDC in radian mode 1) Investigate graphs of the form y= A sin x a) Graph of y=sin x for -2 x 2

A- Graph of y=sin x b) Describe the curve in term of its amplitude and period Amplitude equal to y=1 while period equal to x=2 Referring to the graph in GDC shown above, amplitude is constant equal to 1 while periodicity also constant and keep repeating by the period value x=2 The graphs of functions defined by y = sin x are called sine waves or sinusoidal waves. Notice that the graph repeats itself as it moves along the x-axis. The cycles of this regular repeating are called periods. This graph repeats every 6.28 units or 2 radians. It ranges from -1 to 1; half this distance is called the amplitude. So the graph below has a period of 6.28 and an amplitude of 1. We will investivage different values for the amplitude and period as well as phase shift which appears to set the graph at a different place on the x axis.

The value A affects the amplitude. The amplitude (half the distance between the maximum and minimum values of the function) will be |A|, since distance is always positive. Increasing or decreasing the value of A will vertically stretch or shrink the graph. Consider these examples:

c) Graph of y= 2sinx and y= (1/2)sinx for -2

x 2

B - Graph of y= 2sinx

C - Graph of y= (1/2)sinx

Key ................. y=2sinx y=(1/2)sinx y=sinx

Graph of A + B + C

y= A sinx d) Referring to the graph above, it is obvious for any of number of A, the period still be the same that is x=2 . The amplitude change if the value of A are changed. For instance, in graph y= 2sinx the amplitude is 2 while in graph y= (1/2)sinx the amplitude is (1/2). So, it is obvious that there is a correlation between value of A and the amplitude. As we can see, the higher the value of A ( that is from (1/2), 1 and lastly 2 ) referring to the each graph, it is clearly noticed that the amplitude also getting increase or becoming larger. e) So, by the correlation that has been gotten, we can make a conclusion that the higher the value of A if positive, the higher the amplitude while the lower the value of A if negative, the lower the amplitude. In a nutshell, amplitude is dependent on the value of A. So the conclusion reached

mathematically known as conjecture need to be proven clearly. One way is by considering what values of A that make the conjecture stated valid. If we look at the shape of graph, we will get the same shape appeared unless we replaced the value of A with negative number.

-A y=(-)sinx

-B y=( -2)sinx

-C y= -(1/2)sinx

Graph of (A + B + C)

Referring to the graph above, we can see that the graph is reflected along the x-axis. Hence, the shape of graph will be different. Apart from in terms of shape, all others are kept constant including the amplitude and period.

f) So, what is the range of values of A to make the conjecture valid? In (e) above, we can see that when the sign change the shape also changed but the amplitude and period will remain the same. Range of values of A to make the conjecture valid is from - (negative infinity) to the + (+positive infinity). y=A sinx -2 x 2 -3600 x 3600 So, Values of A -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -(1/2) 0 (1/2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Max point 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (1/2) 0 (1/2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Min point -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -(1/2) 0 -(1/2) -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9 Amplitude 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 (1/2) 0 (1/2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Period 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

g) Explanation why the conjecture is true for all these values of A Based on the table above, we can see as the amplitude is dependent on the values of A

2) Investigate graph of the form y=sin Bx

The value B is the number of cycle it completes in an interval from 0 to 360. The value of B affects the period. The period of sine is when 0 < B < 1, the period of the function will be greater than the initial and the graph will be a horizontal stretching. When B > 1, the period of the function will be less than the initial and the graph will be a horizontal shrinking. Consider these examples: a) Graph of y=sin x for -2 x 2

A- Graph of y=sin x b) Describe the curve in term of its amplitude and period Amplitude equal to y=1 while period equal to x=2 Referring to the graph in GDC shown above, amplitude is constant equal to 1 while periodicity also constant and keep repeating by the period value x=2

c) Graph of y= sin2x and y= sin(1/2)x for -2

x 2

y= sin2x

y= sin(1/2)x

y= sinBx d) Referring to the graph above, we can see a see for any number of B, the amplitude will be the same that is y=1. The period changed if the value of B are changed. For instances, when y= sin2x the graph is stretched to (1/2) unit while for graph y=sin(1/2)x the graph is stretched to 2 unit. So, it is obvious that there is a correlation between value of B and the periodicity. As we can see, the higher the value of B (that is from (1/2), 1 and lastly 2) referring to the each graph, it is clearly noticed that the period will be decreasing and becoming smaller e) So, by the correlation that has been gotten, we can make a conclusion that the higher the value of B, the smaller the period and to make it short, period is dependent to value of B. So the conclusion reached mathematically known as conjecture need to be proven clearly.

One way is by considering what values of B that make the conjecture stated valid. If we look at the shape of graph, we will get the same shape appeared unless we replaced the value of B with negative number.

y= sin(-x)

y=sin(-1/2)x

y=sin(-2x)

Graph of (A + B + C)

Referring to the graph above, we can see that the graph is reflected along the y-axis. Hence, the shape of graph will be different. Apart from in terms of shape, all others are kept constant including the period.

f) So, what range of values of B to make the conjecture valid? In (e) above, we can see that when the sign change the shape also changed but the period remain. So no matters whether B is positive or negative value, the period will be the same. Range of values of B to make the conjecture valid is from - (negative infinity) to the + (+positive infinity).

y= sinBx -2 x 2 0 -360 x 3600 So, Values of B -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -(1/2) 0 (1/2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Max point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Min point -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 Amplitude 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Period (2/9) (1/4) (2/7) (1/3) (2/5) (1/2) (2/3) 2 4 0 4 2 (2/3) (1/2) (2/5) (1/3) (2/7) (1/4) (2/9)

g) Explanation why the conjecture is true for all these values of B Based on the table above, we can see as the values of B increase in negative sign, the period will increase while if the values of B decrease in positive sign the period will decrease. So values of B indicate the horizontal stretch or shrink of the graph. So, it is clearly prove the period is dependent on the values of B. As we can see above, there is a correlation between the values of B and the period. The equation is :



3) Investigate the family curves y=sin (x+C)

a) Graph of y=sin x for -2

x 2

A- Graph of y=sin x b) Describe the curve in term of its amplitude and period Amplitude equal to y=1 while period equal to x=2 Referring to the graph in GDC shown above, amplitude is constant equal to 1 while periodicity also constant and keep repeating by the period value x=2 The graphs of functions defined by y = sin x are called sine waves or sinusoidal waves. Notice that the graph repeats itself as it moves along the x-axis. The cycles of this regular repeating are called periods. This graph repeats every 6.28 units or 2 pi radians. It ranges from -1 to 1; half this distance is called the amplitude. So the graph below has a period of 6.28 and an amplitude of 1. We will investivage different values for the amplitude and period as well as phase shift which appears to set the graph at a different place on the x axis.

c)

B y=sin(x+(1/2))

y= sin(x+2)

sin (A+B+C)

Referring to the graph above, for y=sin(x+(1/2)) graph shift to the left by (1/2)unit while for graph y=sin(x+2) graph shift to the left by 2unit. So, here the value of C depicts the horizontal translation of the graph. sin(x+C)

Values of C -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 -(1/2) 0 (1/2) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Max point 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Min point -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 0 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1

Amplitude 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Period 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

-B y=sin(x-(1/2))

A y= sin (x)

-C

y=sin (x-2)

-(A+B+C)

As we can see above, the values of C depict the horizontal translation that includes the shifting of group whether to the right or to the left. Graph will shift to the right if C is in negative sign and to the left if C is in positive sign. Referring to the graph above we can see for y=sin (x-2), graph will undergo horizontal translation to the right by 2 units while for y=sin(x-(1/2)), graph shift to the right by (1/2) unit. 4) So, in all the investigation for 1,2 and 3, based on the equation y=Asin(B(x+C)), we can predict the shape and position of the graph by looking at the values of A,B and C. A depicts the amplitude, B depicts the horizontal stretching or shrinking while C depicts the horizontal translation of the graph.