Export Marketing Project

Chilly Pad
Galloway, Chelsea Fall 2011 Samiee

Table of Contents

GOAL OF THIS EXPORT MARKETING PLAN ..............................................2 WHY THE CHILLY PAD? ....................................................................................3 COUNTRY SELECTION PROCESS ...................................................................3 WHY AUSTRALIA? ...............................................................................................4 TARGET SEGMENT ..............................................................................................6 INFRASTRUCTURE ..............................................................................................9 REGULATIONS ......................................................................................................9 EXPORTING .........................................................................................................10 DISTRIBUTION AND TRANSPORTATION ...................................................12 COMPETITION ....................................................................................................14 PRODUCT ..............................................................................................................16 PROMOTION ........................................................................................................19 PRICE .....................................................................................................................20 FINANCIALS (5 YEAR PROJECTIONS) .........................................................21 WORKS CITED.....................................................................................................22

Goal of this Marketing Plan:

The objective of this project is to successfully export and market an American made product into a chosen country. As a group, we have decided to choose the Chilly Pad a cooling towel and export to Australia. This is a product that we believe will have great opportunities in a developing country like Australia. Chilly Pad is a new product line offered by Frogg Toggs. This is a company that has been in the market for 15 years and they are currently operating in the United States and Canada. We believe that expanding into the Australian market will greatly benefit global brand recognition and net profits. This expansion will not be as challenging due to similar languages, culture and athletic emphasis which is even stronger than the United States.

Culture Overview
Australian has a culture that values physical activity. More than 70% of the population is involved in some type of physical activity. The 10 most popular physical activities are walking, aerobics/fitness, swimming, cycling, tennis, golf, running, bushwalking, soccer and netball. Other popular sporting activities include Australian football, rugby, hockey, basketball, baseball, car racing, horse racing, sailing and snow skiing. In 2009-10, walking for exercise was the most popular physical recreation activity and 88% of people use outdoor facilities such as parks, walking trails, or the beach for jogging/running. The country has more than 120 national sporting organizations and thousands of local, regional and state sports bodies, where about 6.5 million Australians are registered as sports participants. Using sport to build healthy and active communities is a key objective of the Australian Government. In 2007-08, the government provided around $250 million to support sports in Australia.

Why Chilly Pad?

We wanted to export the Chilly Pad because it can be used in any situation that causes one to sweat; cooling off while exercising, practicing sports, and during physical exertions. To narrow down the choices, chilly pad was considered because it is innovative and a more advanced version of the way traditional towels are used. We wanted to reach out to a developed nation that is strong in sport and athleticism, with tropical and humid weather. Because they will directly benefit from the Chilly Pads cooling features. Globalization is causing more mobility between countries and acceptance of new products.

Country Selection Process

Overview
We began by considering 10 different countries, but we narrowed down to 4 based on population, climate, GDP real growth rate, purchasing power parity PPP, GDP per capita and language. We evaluated Jamaica, Australia, Nigeria, and Sweden. Initially we looked at Jamaica because of its tropical climate and their cultural that embraces sports; however its market was too small to justify entry. We also looked at Nigeria for similar reasons, and we found that because of their poverty line and their high inflation index, entering in this country would be a problem. Next, we looked into Sweden as a spring board for international expansion. Aside from its high rank in our selected indicators we found that their climate would not be appealing for our product. Australia with its large markets presented great opportunities because of their arid climate, their passion for sports and outdoor activities. We wanted to target a country that had a large number of our selected demographic, that speaks the same language, and that has substantial economic growth.

In our country selection process we measured the Purchase Power Parity and GDP per capita, and we saw that Australia ranked the higher in our PPP. And additionally because of their cultures that values physical activities like, sports, exercise,

Purchase Power Parity

Australia

surfing and these lifestyle choices coincide perfectly with our product. As the Purchase Power Parity indicates Australia has the highest buying power.

Nigeria Sweden Jamaica

Why Australia?
After examining and comparing different prospective countries for Chilly Pad, based on the viability of the market our analysis indicated, Australia was the most promising market. According to U.S Commercial Service in Australia, the market of apparel [was] estimated to grow by 1.5% between 2005 and 2006. U.S median range products tend to be top range here due to price differentials. The main factors contributing to the continual success of the U.S apparel are the high quality of workmanship linked with U.S brands. (Ahearn, Commercial Specialist). That shows potential of growth in the retail industry which our product is classified under further indicates that US marketers are better positioned for market share and profit margins.

Exchange Rate
The U.S dollar to 1 Australian dollar (X-Rates 1) Chart

Between the months of May and August the Australian Dollar attained some degree of stability trading at an average of USD $1.065. The highest point was attained on August 1st, where its rate of $1.10536 was attained. However, the lowest rate occurred on September 23rd when the rate fell down to 0.970516. In the money market, the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Australian dollar is determined mostly by the demand for the respective currencies. A high demand for the Australian dollar compared to the U.S. dollar leads to the appreciation of the Australian dollar against the U.S. dollar. According to XRate (2011), the exchange rate as at September 29, 2011 was USD 0.982038 for 1 AUD. In principle, a weakening of the U.S dollar versus the Australian dollar will strengthen the competitive position of the U.S based exporters in Australia. This enables American exporters to steal market share away from the local Australian competitors without sacrificing profits.

Target Segment
Overviewi
Our product targets people aged 15-44 who are physically active for recreation, exercise or sports, be it inside or outside at any time of the year. We will target people looking for a quick cool down while practicing and protection against the debilitating effects of heat while refreshing and energizing them after each use.

Sport participation
This chart is from a research study by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, which explains the participation in sports and physical recreations by age and sex. The surveys show that more than 11 million Australians aged 15 and over participate at least once a week in physical activity, recreation or sports. There is a great percentage of Australians involved among adults, aged 18 to 24 years, 71% participate in sports activity and 68% among adults aged 25-34 with an overall similar participation between men and women. An estimated 7.1 million people aged 15 and over exercised three or more times per week (44.2 per cent). The segments up to age 44 years old would be considered as potential buyers as a because they have the highest percentage estimates for being active and are at an age range were they will be willing to try out our innovative product.

Area
On average, data shows that people living in Australian capital cities spend more on sports and physical activities; $11.68 per week on these products compared with $9.88 for households located elsewhere. Thus, to launch the Chilly Pad we will consider the city of Sydney, a suburb city within the state of New South Wales under the Australian Capital Territory.

7 Rated as the 6th best city to live in the world based on the Economist, Sydney offers many business opportunities such as political and social stability, a large economy that accounts for about one third of Australias gross domestic product, and great infrastructures that are favorable for business such as the Sydney Harbour. Additionally, the well-educated and multilingual workforce also benefits Sydneys strength as a capital of business. It also has the largest population over the age 15 that fall into the statistics of people that exerciseii. The Australian Sports Commissions report on Participation in Exercise, Recreation and Sport Annual Report of 2010 states that 81.1% of the population of New South Wales, aged 15 years and over, participates in some form of exercise, recreation, and/or sport, organized or non-organized. The highest age group involved in physical activity is people age 15-24 which represents 86.9%. Our target age group will extend to age 44 because this range had the overall highest participation level. Because the Chilly Pad is unique and geared towards the more serious individual with regards to physical activity we will be looking at the 625,700 individuals in the state of New South Wales that engaged in physical activity three or more times per week, because they are the most likely to benefit and see necessary value in our product. More specifically we will target 63% of the population that lives in Sydney as of 2006iii. That makes our total target market about 380,016 thousand individuals within our initial target market. Since the price will be affecting the Chilly Pad target market of ages 15-44, it is expected that middle-income individuals and in that age bracket will be purchasing the product. Based on the median Household Income chart below, we are able to identify that Sydney, which is part of the Australian Capital Territory, has the greatest purchasing power parity. Therefore, we will be most likely to initiate the market in this region whose population can afford such a product. Moreover, Sydneys weather is highly favorable for the Chilly Pads sales since the annual average of sunshine is almost seven hours a day and the temperature ranges from a moderate average

8 winter minimum of 9 and a maximum of 17 degrees Celsius (48.2- 62.6 degrees Fahrenheit) to a peak summer maximum average of 26 degrees Celsius (78.8 degrees Fahrenheit).

PPP US$ 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0

Median Household Income

Expansion
From the second year, based on the sales of the Chilly Pad, we will expand our market to Melbourne. Being responsible for 24% of Australias economic activity2, the city has a promising potential. It has been rated the best city to live in the world, based on political and social stability, crime rates and access to quality health care3. Additionally, Melbourne is the second city in Australia in terms of structured facilities such as gyms, public pools and outdoor facilities such as beaches and walking trailsiv. Additionally the city is well known for hosting major international sporting events.
1 2

Australian Bureau of Statistics, Household Income and Income Distribution, Australia 200708 http://www.sportandrecreation.nt.gov.au/corporate/sport_and_active_recreation_policy2 3 Economist Intelligence Unit Survey, census 2011, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/economics/melbourne-worlds-best-city-says-economist-intelligenceunit-survey/story-e6frg926-1226125384968

Infrastructure
Transport infrastructure Infrastructure relates to a lot of things including transportation, communication and energy, etc. The Australian infrastructure development has been influenced by the growth of the continents main industries. The development of transportation in Australia is heavily linked with the attempt to make it easy to move products to the seaports or to cities for domestic sale through major facilities in ports like that of Sydney Harbour. According to statistics, the Australian continent has approximately 900,000 kilometers of roads of which 50% are paved. This compares well with America, Spain and Finland which have 55% of their roads paved. The rail transportation is equally spread in both urban and rural areas but does not receive significant government attention despite a favorable topography.

Regulations
Under the Office of Textiles and Apparel (OTEXA), HAZMAT restrictions are relatively low. Through duty elimination, the U.S-Australia Foreign Trade Agreement (FTA), enforced in 2005, allows U.S. 100% Polyvinyl Alcohol textile material to be duty free which allows us to be more price-competitive in the Australian market when competing with domestic suppliers and with third country suppliers that do not have duty benefits. The FTA enhances the protection of intellectual property like that of the exact patented composition of material and chemicals within the Chilly Pad. Furthermore, it facilitates U.S. investments through predictable and a stable business environment, which promotes a more concise distribution structure with fewer

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intermediaries and subsequently less costs. However, we must qualify our product as duty free by making a claim of preference which is done by putting code U in the preference indicator field on the import entry which takes about 14-30 days to process before shipping.

Exporting
We will follow the International Commercial Terms (Incoterms) regarding our exporting process. Air Parcel Express Inc.i will be contracted for to perform the exportation process. They will transport the Chilly Pad shipment from its manufacturing center in Arab, Alabama, also the headquarters of the company Frogg Toggs, to the Alabama State Port Authorityi in Mobile, Alabama. e decided on ocean shipments bi-annually. For the first year, we will ship approximately 22,801 kilograms of product or 76,003 units at .30 kilogram weight per unit in two standard 20 dry freight containers. A cargo shipment valued at $1,139,000 USD (76,003 units X $14.99 wholesale value per unit). Air Parcel Express Inc. will also cover the freight, cargo insurance, bill of landing, customs brokerage fee, shippers declaration and delivery to the Ezemovei storage facility located less than 15 minutes or 11 kilometers from the Australian Port for a total of $5,863.80. The entire process, including passing through customs, should take between 3 to 5 weeks.i We will be able to track our shipment online at https://www.freight-calculator.com/.

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Once the shipment reaches the storage facility our permanent sales agent, contracted through Sales Source Australia, will be in-charge of stocking the facility and picking up units for delivery.

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Distribution & Transportation

The Chilly Pad will be first introduced to Australia through Sydney. This city has the largest concentration of our ideal distribution locations. This rollout phase will be spearheaded by highly qualified sales agent contracted through Sales Source Australia. We are currently working with an expert at the company, Edward Knight, who is committed to serving as our foreign advisor in this exportation endeavor. The contract through this company will help to establish the requirements of the position, all advertising, interviews, screening, access to the national database and support of their experienced team of recruiters to select the ideal personnel. Additionally, Edward offered office space and technology resources (i.e. computers and phone lines) for a nominal fee if desired. This would be optimal as a base to begin a foreign subsidiary branch. Because Sydney, is has one of the highest cost of living but also one of the highest profit potentials in the nation, Edward advised we offer a base salary of $60,000 USD and a commission of an additional 10% per units sold. The selected sales agent will need to live in Sydney, has to have a means of transportation, laptop, cellphone, and most importantly previous experience in spearheading an exportation project or marketing strategy within the retail industry and ideally the sports related retail industry. We currently have two interested candidates. The first is a woman from the US who was awarded number one in sales advertising from YellowPages. She would require higher compensation due to her prestigious credentials yet she said she is willing to negotiate because she has a passion for sports and desires to use her expertise within the arena. Also, she is in Australia for only 6 months and if employed by us would require a 457 work visa and too many resources which we can not afford at this time. The second prospect is the former national sales

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manager of Quicksilver, and quoting Edward, he is primed and ready to initiate a campaign like ours and is ready for further dialogue immediately. We decided upon the former national sales manager of Quicksilver Inc. because it is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of surf-wear and other board sport-related equipment and it would be an ideal partner for our initiative. It was founded in Australia in 1970 and embodies many clothing brands. The former national sales manager knows Quicksilvers distribution network and has contacts that could help land us shelf space within the 834 stand-alone stores in major cities across the globe.i Tapping into this network would dramatically increase sales but might require we alter our logo, increase our retail price, and sacrifice some of our profit margin. We would only begin this step of expansion after the first couple of years of setting up our own distribution infrastructure and consumer base. The final sales agent will, based upon our pre-made templates and instruction, will make product brochures, mail outs to our target market, personal sales calls, face to face meetings, emails, trade show and sporting event tables like the annual Strongman Challenge in the heat of the summer in Sydneyi, etc. He or she will attain contracted buyers through places like gyms, convenient, gasoline, and department stores situated in areas around the city that would reach our target market of the 394,000 middle-to-upper class individuals who have an active lifestyle and will be more interested and likely to purchase this innovative commodity product. Once we establish a strong market presence and profit margins within the city we will begin expansion into popular beaches like Tanamara, Bronte and public areas for recreations like Centennial Park and Sydney Olympic Park which is mecca vendor kiosks catering to walkers, runners, and cyclists.i

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Competition
The company Frogg Toggs was first introduced the Chilly Pad into the market in 2003. The Chilly Pad had difficulties in achieving significant demand and sales revenue the first few years. However the product was re-positioned by lowering the price and increasing the brand selection through the offering of a variety of colors and sales began to grow exponentially. As sporting goods manufacturers have seen the success of the product, several have attempted to copy the product and gain a foothold of market share within the sporting goods market (i.e; Mr Cooley Towel, Trademarkia, and Supercool). However, we work with the only factories that can provide the many vibrant colors that you see the Chilly Pad available in. Also, our manufacturing process differs from standard PVA foam manufacturing, which makes it VERY difficult to match the feel and performance of our patented product. A current example of a company trying to cash in on the popularity and success of the Chilly Pad is New Balance. However, the only color they offer is a pale blue and the feel of the towel is too soft and spongy (Will Follower, Marketing Director of Frogg Toggs).

Direct Competition
Air conditioners are our main competitors, because they have the cooling performance, have the best airflow performance, are easy to use, and are the most commonly used of cooling. Nevertheless, this device is among the biggest consumer of power in homes, and is also very expensive (price range between $1649 to $2919 dollars). Nevertheless consumers are willing to purchase this device because is very efficient and adapts to any condition in the room.

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Portable air conditioners are small and inefficient as a built- in air conditioner but they can cool a room effectively. In the case of occurring some problems with the built-in air conditioner, it is more probable that portable air conditioners will be used as an alternative solution. Even though, it is expensive (price range between $649 and $1399 dollars), it is still within the consumer best interest to buy this device because is more practical for cooling an entire room while our product just cools the person. Ceiling Fans are also considered as direct competition because if you are a business operating in a warm climate you require some type of cooling device. Even though, Fans will not reduce the temperature of a room they will make ones skin cooler because the air is circulating. It is not an expensive device (price range between $199 to $600 dollars) and consumers can purchase the device in most department stores, super stores etc. Yet, our product is more economical (priced at $19.99) and if our exporting goals are achieved, will be available within most retail sporting stores within 5 years.

Indirect competition
Vending machines serve as our indirect competition because people have the option to choose the way they want to cool off, and that implicates water, beverages. According to NatVEND (The National Vending Machine Specialists), the use of vending machines in the Australia is rising because customers now have more variety of products to choose from and the machines are beginning to operate on cashless system (i.e. credit and debit cards), which makes it easy and more convenient to use.

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In all, our direct and indirect competitors have an advantage in terms of scale, time within the market, and popularity. However, our product has a competitive advantage over our competition because it is innovative, portable, and its forms of use as well as its lifetime is almost limitless with good care.

Product
Our product information featured on material like brochures for trade shows and sporting events might be presented in a form similar to the following information.

The Chilly Pad made by Frogg Toggs is a 27 inches x 17 inches cooling towel.

So what is it that makes these towels special? The answer is in the material. Because of its hyperevaporative qualities, when the water evaporates, it causes the remaining water to be as much as 25 degrees cooler than the outside air temperature. But its even better than that because the material stays virtually dry! Thats right. This material is not like a regular towel that when dipped in water and ringed out, you still get that wet feeling and sometimes even water running down your neck. The Frogg Toggs Chilly Pads have so many uses in sporting, outdoor and home activities its hard to think of them all. Now that you know that you can use these towels in almost any type of environment you can think about the different ways you might be able to make use of these wonderful Chilly Pads. Just dont forget about using them with all temps of water.

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The towels come packed in slender cylinder storage tubes that you can use to store it when not in use. When you first get it you may think you have the wrong product because it is very stiff. Dont you worry about it because it changes once you soak it in water. It will soften as the water soaks through the material and, in less than 5 minutes, you will simply wring it out and place it wherever you need it.

You can also take it out for up to four hours without needing to re-soak it. Once it dries out and starts to become stiff again just place it back in the water and you will be good to go for another four hours or so. You also dont have to worry about getting it dirty because it is washable in your washer and youll just hang it out to dry on a drying rack, clothes line or shower rod. You may want to put it back in the tube when its a little damp only because it gets really stiff and can be hard to place back in the storage cylinder. Just leave the top off until it is completely dry. If youre ready to get your Frogg Toggs towels, they are machine washable come in Blue, Khaki, Grey, Pink, Red, Purple, Royal Blue, as well as popular choices like Hi-Vis Green, Hi-Vis Yellow and Hi-Vis Orange.i

Material
(Classification: Commodity synthetic fiber under Polyesteri) The Chilly Pad is made from a brand new textile technology using advanced hyperevaporative material that retains water while remaining dry to the touch. The exact material comes in the form of a proprietary formula whose composition is patented as intellectual property and the company safeguards as apart of its competitive advantage. A large percentage of the material contains Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl), a water-soluble synthetic polymer that is resistant to oil, grease and solvent. It is odorless, nontoxic, medically safe and

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non-allergenic. It has high durability and flexibility, as well as high oxygen and aroma barrier properties. *More info on product composition (i.e. classification numbers) can be found at http://www.techniche-europe.com/files/MSDS_Hyperkewl.pdf

Packaging
The Australian government website, www.environment.gov.au, states that Australia is home to 208 species of which many are endemic, found nowhere else in the world. In fact, many Australians value the preservation of the animal so much that they build frog ponds in their own backyards. Therefore, because the Chilly Pads packaging and the actual cooling towel already features frogs and frog foot prints, our product which should high valued well into the Australian culture. i

Labeling
Our product falls under the Trade Practices Act of 1974 label requirements for clothingi which requires a trade description (made with 100% PVA), the country of origin (USA), durability, and instructions for use/care. The Chilly Pad already contains this labeling information in its packaging so we will be able achieve cost savings by retaining the same brand name and packaging (9oz) as in the US.

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Promotion
Communication
Our goal is to advertise the Chilly Pad so that our customers are aware of its availability in Sydney. As were not planning to open physical stores in the first five years, we will advertise through personal selling by soliciting an advertisement sales agent in charge of contacting and negotiating with advertisements suppliers. He will also be in charge of communicating with direct customers through phones calls, emails, and personal letters. The former national sales manager of Quicksilver would be a ideal candidate. We will operate a top-down budgeting system by allocating 10% of estimated sales for the year to the sales agent. Guided by our advertisement policy, the sales agent will manage the budget in order to cover a defined area and meet the expected sales.

Advertisement
Were aiming to reach as many potential customers as possible. For that, we will use print and outdoors advertising in locations where our product will be distributed such as beaches, sports facilities, gasolines stations and department stores. Those leaflets will provide all necessary information about the Chilly Pad and where to find it. Newspapers advertisements are also an effective way to attract customers. Since our product targets people involved in sport activities, we will advertise both in specialized magazines (i.e. Inside Sport Magazine) and the sports section of popular newspapers (i.e. Sydney Morning Herald). We will also participate in trade shows promotion and sport events. Displaying our product to our target market in such events is a good exposure and an effective way to increase the brand awareness among.

Expansion
Future expansions of our company will include the establishment of an office in Sydney where we will expand our sales force to cover the national area as a whole. Also, we will increase our communication expenses on media avenues such as television and radio in order to fully encompass communication avenues and expand the brand. We are also planning to benefit from the efficient distribution system of stores like Quicksilver, which enjoys a worldwide influence and target our desired audience.

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Price
In order to calculate our suggested retail price ($19.99) we used the cost of goods ($9) divided by 1 minus retail markup (25%). COST OF GOODS How much it cost for us to buy one Chilly Pad from Frogg Toggs $9 WHOLESALE PRICE The price we selling one unit to the retailer. $14.99 RETAIL PRICE The price the retailer charges the customer. $19.99

Our direct and indirect competitors sell their product at a higher price and people is not easy to carry around, so customers will be more inclined to pay a lower price to try our product, since it is easy to carry and you can use it anywhere for virtually a lifetime.

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Financials

5 YEAR GROWTH FINANCIALS Year Unit Sales Price Total Revenues Distribution Cost Sales Salary Sales Commission Production Costs Less Advertising Goods & Services Tax Total Cost NET INCOME ROI 2 shipments/ year 1 sales agent 10% of sales revenues Cost of Goods $9/unit 10%/year 10% of sales in Australia 2012 76,003 $14.99
$1,139,284.97

2013
114,005 $14.99 $1,708,927 $28,055 $60,000 $17,089

2014
165,307 $14.99 $2,477,945

2015
231,429 $14.99 $3,469,123

2016
312,429 $14.99 $4,683,316

$25,266 $60,000 $11,393 $684,027

$42,068 $60,000 $24,779 $1,487,759

$64,248 $60,000 $34,691 $2,082,862

$28,055 $60,000 $46,833 $2,811,864

$1,026,041

$113,928 $113,928 $1,008,543

$187,982 $170,893

$272,574 $247,794 $2,134,974

$381,604 $346,912 $2,970,317

$515,165 $468,332 $3,930,249

$1,490,060 $130,742 $218,868 14.69% $342,971 16.06% $498,805 16.79% $753,067 19.16%

12.96%

If we achieve our exportation financial, marketing, and distribution goals within the five years we will have almost doubles the companys annual revenue as well as achieved its first successful direct exportation endeavor in a manner other than internet sales. This will give the company invaluable experience and confidence to continue expansion.

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Works Cited
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No Home, No Justice. (2005). Law and Justice Foundation. Retrieved October 1st, fromhttp://www.lawfoundation.net.au/report/homeless/FBBC7E9F06BBF266CA2570760016D1 B5.html#bmk_fnote17 Company Profile. (2011). Air Parcel Express, Inc. Retrieved October 28th, fromhttp://www.shipping-worldwide.com/profile.htm Ezemove. (2002), Retrieved 2011 November 9th, from http://www.ezemove.com.au/ Shipping 2 Australia. (2010), Retrieved 2011 November 9th, from http://www.shipping2australia.com/#bee Quicksilver. (2011), Retrivied 2011 October 29th, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiksilver Wests Tigers, Tim Moltzen struggle through strongman pre-season training session. (2011, November 18th). Fox Sports. Retrieved 2011 November 22nd, from http://www.foxsports.com.au/league/nrl-premiership/wests-tigers-tim-moltzen-strugglethrough-strongman-pre-season-training-session/story-fn2mcuj6-1226199359836 Chilly Pad Super Cooling Towel. (2011), Retrieved 2011 September 27th, from http://www.froggtoggs.com/?cooling/details/CP100 Celebrity health. (2011) The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2011 October 14th, from

http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/celebrity-health/story-fn6b3v4f- 1226055534893 Polyvinyl alcohol. (2011). Wikipedia. Retrieved November 4th, from,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_alcohol Creating Frog Habitat. (2006), Retrieved 2011 November 21st from frogsaustralia.net.au/conservation/creating-habitat.cfm Labelling Requirements. (2011). Australian Customs Service. Retrieved November 15th, from http://www.customs.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/fs_clothing.pdf