ENGLESKI JEZIK 1 i 2

DEFINICIJE:
1. VARIABLE costs change when production goes up or down 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

(e.g.materials). ONE-OFF costs are paid once and not repeated. DIRECT costs are directly related to providing the product (e.g. salaries) OPPORTUNITY costs are real costs of doing something, including the cost of things that you cannot do because of the choice you have made. FIXED costs do not change when pridyctuib gies yo ir diwb (e.g. rent, heating, etc.) INDIRECT costs are not directly related to production (e.g. administration). MANUFACTURING costs are total costs for production of all products. STORAGE costs are related to keeping goods in warehouses or other locations.

INDIRECT COST the salary of an office receptionist. FIXED COST heating and lighting of the building where the boats are made. OVERHEAD/INDIRECT running the office VARIABLE COST wood used in building the boats DIRECT the salary of a boatbuilder. CAPITAL/INDUSTRIAL GOODS- goods such as machinery, equipment etc, used by businesses to produce other goods. DURABLE GOODS/CONSUMER DURABLES/DURABLES (trajna potrosna dobra) large expensive products that consumers do not buy regularly or often, for example refrigerators. FAST-MOVING CONSUMER GOODS(FMCG) goods, especially food, that sell very quickly and in large amounts. They are usually sold in supermarkets. CONSUMER GOODS (potrosna dobra) goods bought by people for their own use, rather than by businesses and organizations.

ECONOMIC GOODS goods seen from the point of view of their value and place in the economy. LUXURY GOODS (luksuzna dobra) expensive products that consumers do not buy regularly or often, for example refrigerators.
1. REAL INCOME is the real purchasing power of ones nominal 2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

7. 8. 9.

income. INFLATION RATE is the change in prices over any period od time expressed as a percentage. Income measured in terms of money, not in terms of that the money can buy, is called NOMINAL INCOME. INFLATION is a sustained increase in the general level of prices. GNI stands for GROSS NATIONAL INCOME and means the market value of all final goods and services produced in an economy over a given period of time. ECONOMIC STABILIZATION is the goal of governments attempts to prevent adverse swings of inglation rates, interest rates, unemployment rates and economic growth rates over time in the economy. ECONOMIC GROWTH is a sustained increase in the overall productive capacity of an economy over time. PRICE STABILITY is a situation of no inflation or deflation in the economy. MACROECONOMICS is analysis of the behaviour of an economy as a whole. something. EMPLOYEE a person employed by someone else, working for money. WAGES money paid (per hour or day or week) to manual workers. SALARY a fixed regular payment made by employers, usually monthly, for professional or office work. BENEFITS advantages that come with a job, apart from wages or salary. PROMOTION to be raised to a higher rank or better job SKILLED having particular abilities, acquired by training.

1. MOTIVATE to inspire, to induce, to give a reason to someone to do 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

1. PURELY COMPETITIVE MARKET exists when products are homogeneous, and there are a great many firms too small to have any influence on the market price, and firms can easily enter and exit the industry. 2. A MONOPOLY is a market in a particular product in which a single producer can fix an artificial price. 3. BARRIERS TO ENTRY are economic or technical factors that make it difficult or impossible for firms to enter a market or compete with existing suppliers. 4. PERFECT COMPETITION means the interaction of a large number of buyers and sellers under the condition that entry and exit are not restricted. 5. PERFECT INFORMATION means complete knowledge about the market costless to obtain. 6. HOMOGENEOUS PRODUCT is a good or service for which the consumer is indifferent as to which firm produces it, as each firms product is a perfect substitute for other firms products in the wyws of the consumer. 7. SUBSTITUTE is a product that replaces or can be used in place of some other product. 1. MONOPOLY MONEY money that is treated as if it has little or no value 2. PREDATORY DUMPING a type of anti-competitive event in which foreign companies or governments price their products below market values in an attempt to drive out domestic competition. 3. GORILLA a company that dominates an industry without having a complete monopoly 4. PRICE FIXING often an illegal practice of establishing the price of a product or service, rather than allowing it to be determined narurally through free market forces 5. ANTITRUST LEGISLATION law intended to promote free competition in the market place by outlawing monopolies. 6. PRICE WAR a period of intense competition among businesses in which each competitor tries to cut retail prices below those of the others. 7. MARKUP(marza) a term used to indicate how much the price of a product is above the cost of producing and distributing the product.

1. things that people buy that last a long time, like refrigerators or televisions CONSUMER DURABLES. 2. a period when consumers are spending a lot CONSUMER BOOM 3. refusal by consumers to buy things from a country or company they disapprove of CONSUMER BOYCOTT 4. the feeling that people have about economic prospects CONSUMER CONFIDENCE 5. the amount consumers spend, often referred to when discussing the economy as a whole CONSUMER SPENDING 6. the study of how, why, where, and when people buy things CONSUMER BEHAVIOR 7. the resistance of consumers to things or organizations that they disapprove of CONSUMER BACKLASH. 1. CASH coins or notes that can be spent immediately 2. (SMALL) CHANGE coins that are not of high value 3. CURRENCY the specific type of money used by a particular country 4. MEANS money that allows you to survive 5. SAVINGS money that you have saved in order to spend it later 6. LEGAL TENDER (FORMAL) coins and notes officially accepted in a particular country 7. PETTY CASH the small amount of cash that an organization uses for minor purchases and providing change to customers MONEY TALKS money can influence what is done or how it is done. MONEY (IS) NO OBJECT it does not matter how much something costs because there is a lot of money available. HAVE MONEY TO BURN to have a lot of money and spend large amounts on things that are not necessary. HUSH MONEY money that you pay someone to stop them telling anyone else about something that you want to keep secret. PUT YOUR MONEY WHERE YOUR MOUTH IS to do something rather than to just talk about it SEE THE COLOUR OF SOMEONES MONEY make sure that someone can pay for something before you let them have it EASY MONEY money used for starting a business or project MAKE MONEY HAND OVER FIST earn money fast and in large amounts

SEED MONEY money used for starting a business or project NEW MONEY people who have recently become rich
a) a product or business generating a lot of profit MONEYb) c) d)

e) f) g)

SPINNER disguising the criminal origin of money such as drug money MONEY LAUNDERING money that is not circulated or invested and does not earn interest IDLE MONEY money that is passed quickly from country to country to take advantage of differences in interest rates and exchange rater HOT MONEY a person or a business activity that earns a lot of money MONEY-MAKER an item that can be easily exchanged in the way that money can NEAR MONEY the total amount of money that exists in the economy of a country MONEY SUPPLY.

MORTGAGE put up as security or collateral when taking a bank loan TO SAVE (SOMETHING) FOR A RAINY DAY to keep an amount of money for a time in the future when it might be needed. HIRE PURCHASE a method of buying expensive goods in which you pay small regular amounts of money until you have paid the whole amount. NEST EGG an amount of money saved over a long period of time to use in the future. PAYMENT IN KIND something that you give or receive instead of money APR ANNUAL PERCENTAGE RATE it is designed to measure the true cost of a loan. Pay packet the amount of money that you earn Payroll a list of all people that a company employs and the money that each of them earns On the payroll employed by a particular company; the total amount of money paid by a company to its employees

Payslip a piece of paper you get fro your employer when you are paid, showing how much money you have earned and how much tax has been taken away. Pay-as-you-go a system for paying for mobile phone calls by buying a fixed amount of time before you make the calls. Take-home pay your pay after taxes etc.have been removed Pay freeze a decision not to increase pay Holiday/maternity/sick pay money paid to you for a period when you are not working, for example because To go over the books to check and analyse the accounting records of a company To break even to have expenses equal to profits To be saddled with debt to be burdened with debt To write off (a load/debt) to remove from a business record, to cancel a debt To keep books to keep records of money gained and spent To cook the books illegally change information In accounting books in a company.