Human Density Influence

The Human Life

he uncontrolled human population will cause many problems in

their own life such as disturbing food, fresh air, fresh water supply,
and also can be damage the environment.

1. Human Density Influence Fresh Water Supply

Water is absolute resources and needed in our daily life. Before

we talked about condition and problem about water that result by
inhabitant explosion, let’s see this scheme about distributing water in
the earth first.

A big part of fresh water that we use comes from land water,
surface water, and rainwater. The availability of that water is
dependent of atmospheric water/rainwater. We have known if the
water in the world is constant. We also know if the inhabitant growths
always increase. These two things that always contradictory will
appear many serious problems because the fresh water supplies are
very-very limited.
Increasingly of inhabitant density, will also make increasingly
their daily needs. Many industries appear in numbers spring up to
fulfil their own needs. These industries activity needs much water. We
can imagine if we must snatch fresh water with machines. Beside
that, the unsmooth geographical distribution and uncontrolled
inhabitant growth will cause in equilibrium water supply that very
difficult to overcome.

2. Human Density Influence Fresh Air Supply

Pay attention with two pictures. Now,

please imagine the picture number one.
 Supposing if you are standing there now, what is your feeling when
you are breathing. Now, please imagine the picture number two.
Supposing if you are standing there now, what is your feeling when
you are breathing. That illustration will deliver you to understanding
the influence of human density of the fresh air supply. In one day, we
inhale and eject the air as much as 13.630 liter. That fresh air comes
from trees and forest. Trees and forest is the earth lungs.
The air cleanliness not only known by the oxygen degree. The
air also consist other gas except oxygen like carbon dioxide (CO2),
oxygen sulphur (SOx), and oxide nitrogen, (NOx). If the gas contents
increase, the air becomes unclear again. That incident also called air
pollution. Pay attention this tabel above!
Tabel 1
Gas % Volume ppm
Nitrogen 78,1 -
Oxygen 20,9 -
Argon 0,934 -
Carbon Dioxide 0,033 330
Neon 0,002 20
Helium 0,0005 5
Methane 0,0002 2
Krypton 0,0001 1
Hydrogen 0,00005 0,5
Carbon Monoxide 0,00001 0,1
Other gas less than 0,1 ppm
Source : Kimia SMU jilid 2

Data of atmosphere pollutant gas:

Tabel 2
Emission to
The air for Longstanding Degree
Gas Main Source
one year in the air (year 1995)
(million ton)
CO Incineration of Earth Oil 2.000 6 month 0.2 ppm
CO2 Incineration of Forest 5.500 100 month 350 ppm
NO Incineration of Earth Oil 50 A few days 0.05 ppm
SO2 Manufacture of Sulphide ore 200 A few weeks 0.05 ppm
CFC Refrigerator, AC, perfume 1 60 years 0.003 ppm
Source : Kimia SMU jilid 2

Increasingly the settlement, industrial, and transportation

utensil that use benzene or solar for its fuel, will make degree of CO 2
in the air increasingly too. The CO2 gas comes from incineration, and
result of organism respiration. The industry activity also causes air
pollution because those industries produce residual substance like
SOx and NOx. That thing above make the fresh air supply decreasingly.
And the dirty air increasingly.

3. Human Density Influence The Broken Environment

 The human life nucleated in the home, school, and office.
Because of it, those places must be safe and health for the human.
Now those place do not save and health again. Even now, those places
become killer place. Especially on the develop country. The main
cause is the poisonous substance that entered the environment. That
substance comes from pollution source that unaware can threaten our
life.
 Air Pollution
Atmosphere or air layer around the earth consist of many layer
like onionskin. Almost all (95%) air mass found in lowest layer
(Troposphere) that has thickness 17 km above the earth surface. The
composition of dry air in the troposphere layer can be look in tabel 1.
The air in troposphere layer also consist water vapour in the variation
sum, from 0, 01% in dry desert and 5% in the humid tropical area.
The modern human activity has been throwing the pollutant gas
to the atmosphere in million ton for one year. These gases include
oxide carbon, oxide nitrogen, oxide sulphur, and CFC
(Chlorofluorocarbons) compound. That gas comes from car,
motorcycle, industry activity, factory Chimney, forest Incineration,
and house hold utensil like refrigerator, Air Conditioner, perfume, etc.
Besides ejected the pollutant gas, vehicle muffler also vomit out soft
dust and metal-timbal (Pb) that very poisonous.

• Carbon Monoxide
In the fresh air, CO gas degree only about 0,1 ppm.
Nevertheless, muffler of vehicle has been multiplying CO degree in the
air. If those gases overstep limit, it can cause a lot of negative effect for
the human health. Such as:
 Degree 100 ppm can cause headache, tired, and vomit
 Degree 250 ppm can cause unconscious
 Degree 750 ppm can cause death in a few hours
 Degree 1000 ppm can cause instant death
CO gas has ability to bind in hemogoblin, complex compound
protein-iron in the blood that uses to carry the O2 from lungs to
cardiac and whole body. Bind power of hemogoblin to CO gas is 200
times stronger than O2.
Hb + O2 HbO2
Hemogoblin Oksihemogoblin

Hb + CO HbCO
Hemogoblin Karboksihemogoblin

CO source is incomplete incineration from Refined Fuel Oil. For

example is octane that form of benzene component. The reaction is:

2C8H18(g) + 1702(g) 16CO(g) + 18H2O(g)

We can restrain or decrease the CO gas in the air by:

 Do not smoke in the limited place like in the bus or car
because the cigarettes incineration incomplete.
  Do not switch on the car in the close place like garage
because can cause multiply the CO degree in that room.
 Do not switch on car’s Air Conditioner in the quiet
condition.
 Change the fuel with nature gas or alcohol.
 Use cattails in the muffler that can change CO gas become
CO2

• Carbon Dioxide
CO2 gas in the normal degree not called the pollutant gas. CO 2
needs by plant for photosynthesis. The CO2
gas comes from forest burning, result of
organism respiration, the volcano explosion,
and result of fermentation.
CO2 gas needs to keep the earth
temperature. Sun energy that reflex by earth
in the infrared light endured by CO2 molecule,
then reflex back again in the earth surface to
keep the earth stay warm. However, if the CO2 Greenhouse Effect
gas in the air increase, the infrared light that
reflex in the earth surface become increase its intensity. In addition, if
accumulated continuously will cause the earth temperature increase
and appear a new problem, The Global Heating. The global heating
will liquefy north and south polar and make the climate alteration.

• Oxide Sulphur
SO2 and SO3 in the atmosphere a big part come from result of
earth oil incineration and coal that consist of sulphur. Some of them
also come from result of oxidation Sulphide ore in the industry. Air
that consist SO2 and SO3 with high enough degree can cause throat
and lungs inflamed. Concentration limit SO3 and SO3 that still save to
consume as long 24 hours is 0, 14 ppm. 50% of SO2 that consist in
the air come from decaying organic substance in the land or sea. SO 2
and SO3 gases can be reacted with humid air and produce acid. Wind
that blow will take the acid to the far place and spread by rain. That
scene called acid rain.
• Nitrogen Compound
Sum of vehicle in the big city cause a kind of air pollution
shaped thin reddish brown fog that Smog
called smog (smoke and fog). Los Angles
city is the smoggiest city in the world.
Smog consist mixture of oxide nitrogen
and ozone in high degree. In the morning
when the traffic is busy, car’s muffler
releases NO gas to the atmosphere. This
gas made from N2 and O2 reaction when
the air enter fuel cylinder room to burn
the benzene. NO that release to the air then oxidised become NO2 that
shaped reddish brown fog. In the day, the ultraviolet of sun cause
some NO2 experience disentangling, produce free oxygen atom that
next reacted by O2 to produce O3 (ozone).
Mixture of NO2 and O3 called smog. This fog can cause many
diseases. In the evening, O3 and NO2 concentration become decrease
because experience disentangling.

• CFC Compound
The CFC gas often use as cooler, promoter, and sprayer.
Increasingly of CFC, will make our ozone
damage. On October 5th, 1989, a satellite
captured the photo of ozone layer around the Ozone Hole
south polar. Many scientists surprised
because the ozone hole is very big. If there is
no ozone anymore in the south and north
polar, the life in the earth will extinct.

 Land Pollution
Land pollution is entered the pollutant shaped liquid or solid in
the land. That liquid or waste is house waste, industrial waste,
agriculture waste, etc. Land pollution can kill microorganism
(decomposer), animal, and break the food chain. Some of pollutant
consist of heavy metal like battery, mercury, etc that can penetrate to
the land. Heavy metal (Mercury, Lithium, cadmium) can damage the
nerve formation also make physical defect in organism even death.
 Water Pollution
Water pollution is entered the pollutant into the water. That
pollutant can shaped liquid waste, or solid waste that come from
factory, industry, agriculture, hospital, etc. Impact of water pollution
is:
A. Extinct the organism in the water ecosystem
Fish and other water animal that befouled can poison people
that eat it. For example, causes sprayer with insecticide DDT
(dikhlor difenil trikhloroetana), the river is pollution. DDT enters
into algae. Then, a small fish eat that poisoned algae until that
DDT enters the small fish body. After that, the small fish eaten
by the bigger fish until that DDT enters this fish. People that eat
that big fish can die. Therefore, the pollutant substance walked
follows the food chain. As long, as follow the food chain, the
concentration of pollutant will become higher. The DDT
concentration in the water is low. That concentration increases
on algae, more increase on first level consumer, etc. that scene
called “pemekatan hayati.” It means the pollution can kill the
consumer in the high trofic.

4. Human Density Influence The Food Supply

 In his book, “Essay on the Principle of Population,” Thomas
Robert Maltus” wrote: “Food has important character in the human
life. Human growth faster than the food. The human growth follows
the measure row, but the food growth follows the counting row.” The
statement above showed increasingly the inhabitant growth; also
make increasingly the food needs. If the inhabitant growth
uncontrolled, it will make consequences the food supply exhausted
and people become hunger. Finally, the human population will end.
How about our country condition? To fulfil the food need, our
country must import. Even we success to produce our food alone from
1984 to 1996. But in economic crisis in 1998, Indonesian rice import
reach 21.7% from world rice total import. If the human food need
average in one year is 180 kg and sum of Indonesia inhabitant is
231.326.092 people (based US Census Bureau International Data
Base, 2002), we can estimate the Indonesia food needs now.
If 10% of Indonesian territory (area of Indonesia mainland is
1.811.831 km2, based US Census Bureau International Data Base,
2002) filled by rice plant and for every hectare produce 4,5 ton rice,
how many million ton of rice that can be produce by Indonesia? From
result above, Indonesia doesn’t need to import the rice. Even we’re
surplus of rice.

5. Conclusion

After we read and examine the article above, we can conclude

that the uncontrolled human growth will make many serious
problems. Besides that, the development of technology also damages
the world. Many people are of opinion if technology can make the life
become easier. However, most of them don’t mind the side effect. They
don’t know if that technology can damage their own live. It doesn’t
mean if we may not use the technology. We may. But, we must
maintain the application that we use. The uncontrolled technology
application can make our life become harder.