Chapter 13 33

Chapter 13 Acids

A. Multiple Choice Questions (iv) ZnCO3(s) + 2H+(aq)

 Zn2+(aq) + CO2(g)
1. B. Soft drinks + H2O(l)
2. D. (2), (3) and (4) only (c) (i) Magnesium
3. C. s aq l hydrogencarbonate reacts with
4. C. calcium carbonate dilute nitric acid to produce a
5. A. Sulphurous acid colourless solution and a
6. C. carbon dioxide gas is formed. colourless gas.
7. C. (2), (3) and (4) only (ii) Magnesium nitrate, carbon
8. C. (2) and (4) only dioxide and water
9. A. True, True (iii) Mg(HCO3)2(s) + 2HNO3(aq)
10. D. False, False  Mg(NO3)2(aq)
+ 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)
B. Comprehensive Questions 
(iv) HCO3 (aq) + H+(aq)
1. Orange: citric acid  CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Vinegar: ethanoic acid (or acetic acid) (d) (i) Copper(II) oxide dissolves in
Tea: tannic acid the acid and reacts to produce
a blue solution.
2. Carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide gas (ii) Copper(II) nitrate and water
produced can turn lime water milky. (iii) CuO(s) + 2HNO3(aq)
 Cu(NO3)2(aq) + H2O(l)
3. (a) (i) Iron sinks in the acid and (iv) CuO(s) + 2H+
dissolves. It reacts slowly to  Cu2+(aq) + H2O(l)
produce a green solution and a (e) (i) Iron(III) hydroxide dissolves
colourless gas. in the acid and reacts to
(ii) Iron(II) sulphate and hydrogen produce a reddish brown
(iii) Fe(s) + H2SO4(aq) solution.
 FeSO4(aq) + H2(g) (ii) Iron(III) sulphate and water
(iv) Fe(s) + 2H+(aq) (iii) Fe2(OH)3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)
 Fe2+(aq) + H2(g)  Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
(b) (i) Zinc carbonate sinks in the (iv) Fe2(OH)3(s) + 6H+(aq)
acid and dissolves. It reacts to  2Fe3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)
produce a colourless solution
and a colourless gas. 4. (a) (i) Iron sinks in the acid and
(ii) Zinc(II) chloride, carbon dissolves. It reacts slowly to
dioxide and water produce a green solution and a
(iii) ZnCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) colourless gas.
 ZnCl2(aq) + CO2(g) (ii) Iron(II) chloride and hydrogen
+ H2O(l) (iii) Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq)
 FeCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Chapter 13 Solutions (EE).doc

34 Part 4
(iv) Fe(s) + 2H+(aq)
 Fe2+(aq)+ H2(g)
(b) (i) Magnesium carbonate sinks in
the acid and dissolves. It reacts
to produce a colourless
solution and a colourless gas.
(ii) Magnesium sulphate, carbon
dioxide and water
(iii) MgCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)
 MgSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(iv) CO32(aq) + 2H+(aq)
 CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(c) (i) Potassium hydrogencarbonate
reacts with dilute hydrochloric
acid to produce a colourless
solution and a colourless gas.
(ii) Potassium chloride, carbon
dioxide and water
(iii) KHCO3(aq) + HCl(aq)
 KCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(iv) HCO3(aq) + H+(aq)
 CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(d) (i) A white solid is formed first.
When excess carbon dioxide is
bubbled into lime water, the
white solid redissolves to form
a colourless solution.
(ii) Calcium hydrogencarbonate
and water
(iii) Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)
 CaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
(white)
CaCO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
(white)
 Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
(colourless)
(iv) OH(aq) + CO2(g)
 HCO3(aq)
(e) (i) Iron(III) oxide dissolves in the
acid and reacts to produce a
reddish brown solution.
(ii) Iron(III) sulphate and water
(iii) Fe2O3(s) + 3H2SO4(aq)
 Fe2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2O(l)
Chapter 13 Solutions (EE).doc
(iv) Fe2O3(s) + 6H+(aq)
 Fe3+(aq) + 3H2O(l)
(f) (i) Iron(II) hydroxide dissolves
and reacts to produce a green
solution.
(ii) Iron(II) chloride and water
(iii) Fe(OH)2(s) + 2HCl(aq)
 FeCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(iv) Fe(OH)2(s) + 2H+(aq)
 Fe2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(g) (i) Dilute sulphuric acid and
potassium hydroxide solution
react to form a colourless
solution and a rise in
temperature is measured.
(ii) Potassium sulphate and water
(iii) 2KOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
 K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(iv) OH(aq) + H+(aq)
 H2O(l)
5. (a) When calcium carbonate reacts with
dilute sulphuric acid, colourless gas
liberates for a short time. Then, the
reaction slows down or even stops
soon. This is because the insoluble
calcium sulphate formed covers the
calcium carbonate. This slows down
or even stops the reaction.
When sodium carbonate reacts with
dilute sulphuric acid, colourless gas
liberates. This is because carbon
dioxide is formed during the
reaction.
(b) CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq)
 CaSO4(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
 Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(g) +
H2O(l)
(c) CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) + SO42(aq)
 CaSO4(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
2H+(aq) + CO32(aq)
 CO2(g) + H2O(l)

6. (a) X is dilute hydrochloric acid.
Y is carbon dioxide.
(b) Na2CO3(aq) +2HCl(aq)
 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
7. HKCEE Question
8. Acids are hydrogen-containing molecular
compounds that produce hydrogen ions,
H+(aq), as the only positive ion when
dissolved in water.
9. (a) It makes bread and cakes “rise” and
spongy.
(b) Baking powder contains solid acid
(tartaric acid) and sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
In making cakes, water and a little
baking powder are mixed with flour.
The mixture is then heated in an
oven.
The solid acid in baking powder
dissolves in water to form hydrogen
ions. The hydrogen ions react with
sodium hydrogencarbonate to form
carbon dioxide gas. Heating speeds
up the dissolution of the solid acid
in water and its reaction with
sodium hydrogencarbonate.
H+(aq) + HCO3(aq)
 CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Moreover, on heating, solid sodium
hydrogencarbonate decomposes to
form sodium carbonate, carbon
dioxide gas and water vapour.
2NaHCO3(s)
 Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
The carbon dioxide gas makes the
cakes “rise” and spongy.
10. The basicity of an acid is the maximum
number of hydrogen ions produced by one
molecule of the acid.
Chapter 13 35
11. Monobasic acid: Hydrochloric acid,
(Any one) nitric acid,
nitrous acid,
ethanoic acid
Dibasic acid: Sulphuric acid, sulphurous
(Any one) acid, carbonic acid
Tribasic acid: Phosphoric acid
12. (a) 3
(b) 3Mg(s) + 2H3X(aq)
 Mg3X2(aq) + 3H2(g)
13. (a) When dilute and concentrated
sulphuric acids react with sodium
carbonate, colourless gas is evolved.
The colourless gas is carbon
dioxide.
However, concentrated sulphuric
acid gives out colourless gas faster
than dilute sulphuric acid does. This
is because there are more hydrogen
ions in concentrated sulphuric acid,
so it can react faster with sodium
carbonate.
(b) Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq)
dilute
 Na2SO4(aq) + CO2(aq)
+ H2O(l)
Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(l)
conc.
 Na2SO4(aq)+ CO2(aq)
+ H2O(l)
C. Essay-type Questions
1. Calcium is used to distinguish between
dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute
sulphuric acid.
At the beginning, dilute hydrochloric acid
and dilute sulphuric acid of the same
concentration are added to two test tubes
separately.
Chapter 13 Solutions (EE).doc
36 Part 4

When dilute sulphuric acid reacts with 3. Put solid sodium carbonate and solid citric
calcium, insoluble calcium sulphate is acid to a test tube. After several minutes,
formed on the metal surface. The solid there is no reaction occurs.
formed will slow down or even stop the Then, distilled water is added to the test
reaction. tube. The solid sodium carbonate and
Ca(s) + H2SO4(aq) solid citric acid dissolve in water and
 CaSO4(s) + H2(g) some colourless gas bubbles (CO2)
However, the salt formed from dilute release.
hydrochloric acid and calcium is calcium When an acid dissolves in water, its
chloride which is a soluble salt. molecules change to positive hydrogen
Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) ions and the corresponding negative ions.
 CaCl2(aq) + H2(g) From the above experiment, we can show
that the role of water in exhibiting the
2. Heating method is used to distinguish characteristic properties of acids.
between sodium carbonate and sodium
hydrogencarbonate.
On heating, solid sodium
hydrogencarbonate decomposes to form
sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide gas and
water vapour.
2NaHCO3(s)
 Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
However, sodium carbonate does not
decompose on heating.

Chapter 13 Solutions (EE).doc