Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2012
quill
THE PROSPECTORS
33.85 Ounces Found June 16, 2004, at Ganes Creek near McGrath, Alaska by Steve Burris of Idaho with a metal detector.
www.gpoc.com
Official publication of The Gold Prospectors of Colorado
PO Box 1593, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901
There are several tentative dates for GPOC activities for 2012:
Lets Go Gold Panning ! May 12th-13th Claims Committee Outing - GPOC 1 ! May 18th-19th Territory Days Old Colorado City, CO ! May 26th,27,28th Kingdom Days Breckenridge, CO ! June 16th-17th Founders Day Frisco, CO ! 4th July weekend TBA Pikes Peak or Bust Rodeo CS, CO ! July 11th-14th Burro Days Fairplay, CO ! July 28th-29th State Gold Panning Championships Breckenridge, CO ! TBA (1st weekend of August) Denver Gem & Mineral Show ! September 14th-16th ! !
Inside
Book Sale! 2 Contacts! 2 February Calendar! 3 February Events! 4 January Meeting Minutes! 5 Claims Committee! 6 Batteries & Head Phones! 6 Grand Canyon Claims! 7 Researching Maps On-line! 7 Prospecting the Internet! 8 Mining Google Earth ! 9 Sluice Box Slick Plates! 10 Sluice Box Slick Plates! 11 Sluice Box Slick Plates! 12 Mineral Specimen Identification!13 Mineral Specimen Identification!14
G LD NUGGETS is a blog for and by GPOC members. Gold Nuggets is an informational hub for members to keep up-to-date with GPOC news and events. We encourage you to email your news items and information to the webmaster at www.gpoc.com. Join GPOC on FACEBOOK! You need your own Facebook account. Access GPOC on FACEBOOK through a link on the GPOC website. The Prospectors Quill will contain more articles and links when accessed on-line
Treasurer Bill Smith treasure@gpoc.com Webmaster webmaster@gpoc.com Editor Lin Smith quill@gpoc.com
Trustees One Year Diane Anderson Two Year Jim Blakenship Three Year
GPOC
contacts
Vice President Wayne Wittkopp vicepresident@gpoc. com Secretary Stacey Smith secretary@gpoc.com
Dick Margeson
If you want to email a Board member PLEASE put in your topic in the subject line. If you send an email without a subject it will probably be considered spam and be deleted. For most inquires, if you submit them to the Quill Editor I will try to answer your questions or give them to the appropriate person. I am always online doing research and publish most of the club materials. I will usually have an answer for you or know where to find the answer. Lin quill@gpoc.com
Prospectors Quill
Editor Lin Smith quill@gpoc.com
Gold Prospectors of Colorado P.O. Box 1593 Colorado Springs, Colorado 80901 The GPOC is a 501(c) charitable organization
www.gpoc.com
The Prospectors Quill is the official newsletter of the Gold Prospectors of Colorado. The opinions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the club or its members. The editor, club, officers, and contributors do not assume any liability for damages resulting from use of information in the Prospectors Quill. Articles of interest are welcomed. All articles submitted for publication are subject to editing. Submission of articles must be received before the 20th of the month. Unless noted, non-profits may reprint or quote from articles, provided credit is given to the authors and publication and a copy of the newsletter the article appears in is sent to the editor of The Prospectors Quill at PO Box 1593, CS CO 80913. All pictures are the property of the photographer and are not to be copied or reproduced.
The information is provided solely for the readers g e n e r a l k n o w l e d g e . G P O C a s s u m e s n o responsibility for its completeness or accuracy. Although care has been taken to produce the information in the Quill, information is provided without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information.I want to thank you in advance for pointing out my mistakes! However, it is YOUR responsibility to research resources and make sure that you are in compliance with all laws and regulations, as well as following the GPOC CODE of ETHICS.
FYI:Most of the items at the Book Sale are the result of donations. Donated items are evaluated against the needs of the collection; surplus and duplicate items go to the Book Sale. Proceeds support the Library and its staff.
GPOC The Prospectors Quill Vol. 39 No.2
February Calendar
For further information contact:
meetings
2nd
Board Meeting Gold Hill Police Station 955 Moreno Avenue CS, CO
meetings
25th
Claims Committee
events
1st-5th
International Snow S c u l p t u r e Championships Breckenridge, CO
events
18th-19th
GPAA Gold & Treasure Show Albuquerque, NM
www.gpoc.com
7:00 PM
president@gpoc.com
Denver Zoo for FREE on the following dates: Sunday, February 5 Monday, February 6 Thursday, February 16 http:// www.denverzoo.org/ visitors/index.asp Denver Museum of Nature and Science FREE DAY February 27th 2001 Colorado Blvd. Denver, CO
8th
General Membership Meeting
1st
Ice Age Death Trap
Snowmass PBS
24th-25th-26th
DGMG Jewelry Gem & Mineral Show Jefferson County Fair Grounds, CO
28th
Little Creatures of Snowmass Denver Museum of Nature and Science Ricketson Auditorium 7:00 PM-8:30 PM
NOVA on Rocky Mountain PBS - February 1, 2012, 8PM Channel 6, 8 - KTSC in Colorado Springs "Ice Age Death Trap," a one-hour NOVA-National Geographic program about the fossil nd. The television special follows scientists as they race against time to uncover this unique site packed with astonishingly well-preserved bones of mammoths, mastodons, and other giant extinct beasts, opening a vivid window into the vanished world of the Ice Age. They unearth evidence that entire families of mastodons died as they grazed beside an ancient lake. Patiently, clue by clue, the team reconstructs a macabre scenario in which the soil beside the lake liquees, then hardens, swiftly trapping entire mastodon families. Unable to move, the mighty tusked beasts slowly starve to death. Featuring ingenious scientic work and spectacular fossils, "Ice Age Death Trap" reveals intimate secrets of the life and death of North America's most exotic and extreme creatures. 99th Annual Winter Carnival February 8th-12th Embrace Steamboats Western heritage and winter sports tradition with downtown street events including skijouring, a parade and the famous Lighted Man at the Night Show Extravaganza. This event celebrates the Olympic and Western heritage that sets Steamboat apart from other mountain resorts. h t t p : / / w w w. c o l o r a d o . c o m / c o l o r a d o - l i v e - e v e n t / ? eid=56986&cid=1239750
Colorado Springs REI Avalanche Awareness February 9th 1376 E. Woodman, CS, CO 6:00 PM - 8:00 PM http://www.rei.com/class/34771/session/43587 Join the professionals as they teach you how to recognize and avoid avalanche conditions. Free
The Town of Frisco will celebrate Gold Rush weekend with events for the entire family, including historic lectures, museum movie night, a 5K moonlight snowshoe race, a huge bonre, reworks, and Nordic races. State Muzzle Loading Association February 18-19
Holiday Inn Denver East-Stapleton, 3333 Quebec St. http://csmla.org/
Injuries, mechanical failures, ghting and near death experiences should keep you riveted.
In this newsletter, GPOC provides links and references to other websites. GPOC has no control over information at such sites hyperlinked or referred to. These links and references are being provided for the convenience of the readers, and GPOC does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for the content, nature, or reliability of any linked or referenced website or any link contained in a linked or referenced website. GPOC takes no responsibility for monitoring, updating, supplementing, or correcting any information on any linked or referenced website and makes no representation or warranties regarding such information.
GPOC The Prospectors Quill Vol. 39 No.2 WE ARE ELECTRONIC at www.gpoc.com
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V.! !
VI. !
Claims Committee
Notes from the Claims Committee Meeting on Saturday, Jan 28th 2012
Cache Creek Meeting with the BLM: We are planning a meeting with the BLM Royal Gorge ofce to nalize a new contract for the Camp Host Program. In preparation for that meeting, we developed a list of agenda items that include: dening specic host requirements, the need for re danger signs, a list of regulations that apply to the area, conrmation of opening date, and Camp Host training. At the Feb 25th Claims Committee meeting, we will go through all our old documentation and prepare a handbook for the 2012 Camp Hosts. A combination of BLM-provided training and a clearer Handbook should go a long way to improving the program. Leadville Claim Exploration: On the weekend of May 19th 20th, the Claims Committee is planning an outing to the Leadville Claim to do some in-depth investigation to determine feasibility of recreational prospecting on the property. We hope to identify two or three promising locations and dig down to glacial gravel for sampling. When we nd good prospects, we will let the membership know!
Headphones
Headphones are usually heavily padded but can become uncomfortable after prolonged use. To allow your ears to "breathe," attach homemade sponge-rubber or bubble-plastic shims (about inch long by half an inch wide) to the padding. They are thick enough to allow air to enter and to relieve the pressure on your ears, yet thin enough to not reduce the signal level. A dab of rubber-cement holds them in place, yet allows ready removal without leaving a sticky residue.
GPOC The Prospectors Quill Vol. 39 No.2
On January 9th, the U.S. Department of the Interior placed a 20-year moratorium on new uranium mining claims in and around the Grand Canyon. Environmentalists say the ban is crucial to protecting the region. "The secretary's decision to rule out mining on more than 1 million acres of federal land deprives the United States of energy and minerals critically important to its economy and does so without compelling scientic evidence that is necessary for such a far-reaching measure," said Hal Quinn, president and CEO of the National Mining Association. Around 3,000 existing claims will not be affected. In November, Federal regulators approved a $50 million installation of anchored fabric over the Arkansas River by the artist Christo. I nd it ironic that a plan to go ahead with a temporary art project along the Arkansas River in Colorado has not had the same considerations. Signicant digging to install supports for this project are planned. The project even boasts that it will attract tourists during the construction phase. This area contains a narrow winding two-lane road and parking is almost impossible. We have enjoyed viewing the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep along this stretch of road and I wonder how many sheep will become victims of this project. Over the River, will include eight suspended panel segments totaling 5.9 miles right thru GPOC claims. GPOC is responsible for reclamation work on their claims. I wonder if this project will reclaim the damage they will be doing to our claims and the environment?
Lin
GPOC The Prospectors Quill Vol. 39 No.2
Metal Detectors
Grand Canyon Acres Off Limits to Miners When you use map sites they may not reect all claims. The data may not be complete and you need to check with the BLM in Denver in order to make sure the information you obtain is accurate. If you read the disclaimer on Geocommunicator even they concur that data may not be accurate or complete. Geocommunicator disclaimer: http:// www.geocommunicator.gov/GeoComm/GC_disclaimer.html Gold Maps Online http://www.goldmapsonline.com/index.html We took a U.S. Bureau of Land Management database of active and abandoned gold mining claims and converted the data so it could be seen as a gold map in Google Earth. The result is an incredibly accurate near real-time view of America's active gold deposits and a must-have planning and exploration tool for any gold panning adventure. Not free. Mine Resource Data System http://mrdata.usgs.gov/mineral-resources/mrds-us.html MRDS describes metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources throughout the world. Included are deposit name, location, commodity, deposit description, geologic characteristics, production, reserves, resources, and references. It includes the original MRDS and MAS/MILS data. MineCache & Google Earth for Mapping Gold Prospecting Locations http://www.minecache.com/ MineCache is a Google Earth add-on that lets you visually map locations where gold has been found in the United States. MineCache is easier to use than Geocommunicator for mapping BLM mineral mining claim data in Google Earth. Use MineCache as an online gold map tool to help you narrow down your gold prospecting locations or to help you nd existing gold mine locations. General Land Ofce They provide live access to Federal land conveyance records for the Public Land States, including image access to more than ve million Federal land title records issued between 1820 and the present. They also have images related to survey plats and eld notes, dating back to 1810. Due to organization of documents in the GLO collection, this site does not currently contain every Federal title record issued for the Public Land States. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/
Buyer beware! Today, there are many scams out there willing to sell you a worthless claim. Do Your research!
Below is a link to a 64 page document about placer mining from around the 1880s. It has information on the placer gold mines operating at the time in twelve states and the Dakota Territory. If there was a paying gold mine in a given area in 1880 thats a great area for you to prospect today. The document also points out where gold miners might come across diamonds, rubies, and other precious minerals. Heres the LINK.
Gold From Water and Other Mining Scams Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 22, 2008 http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/dox/sp22.pdf
Mining Fraud from State of Nevada http://minerals.state.nv.us/min_fraudami.htm Mining Operations and Mining Scams: An Overview of the Mining Industry and Questions to Ask Before You Invest in a Mining Operation Mining Fraud Links - A listing of other sites with information on mining fraud. Arizona Mining Scams Information http://mines.az.gov/Info/scams.html Adapted from Circular 59 by Michael N. Greeley Nevada Fraudulent Mining Promotions http://www.nbmg.unr.edu/Mining/MineFraud.html Mining Museums and Memorials United States Department of Labor http://www.msha.gov/training/museum/museum.htm This page provides information about memorials and nonprot museums dedicated to the study and preservation of mining cultures. Winter Survival Camping Tips http://blog.survivalcampingworld.com/ This blog has numerous topics to help you whether camping in the winter or summer. Great discussions.Including this helpful tip: A two-man pup tent does not include two men or a pup. Panoramic Maps http://menotomymaps.com/Colorado_pan.asp US Library of Congress Panoramic "birds-eye-views" of Colorado cites, towns and provinces from the: US Library of Congress.
http://www.gold-prospecting-equipment.net/ category/colorado-mining/
How to Mine and Prospect for Placer Gold by J.M. West. This Bureau of Mines publication, Information Circular 8517, was released in 1971. It contains some good information and denes gold sizes in terms of mesh size. (Note typo for mesh size, should be openings per linear inch not square inch.) http://www.icmj2.com/BegCorner/ USGSHowToMineForGold.htm Gold Placers (PDF le), an EPA Technical Resource Document, discusses desert placers in Section 1.3 Physical Characterization of Placer Deposits. This covers essentially the same information as found in Wells, J.H. 1973 - Placer Examination, Principles and Practice, Technical Bulletin 4, U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Part II, Types of Placers.
1. 2. 3.
When you access the e-maps website, you will see a map of the United States with some states highlighted. These are the states you can view landowner information on. Click on a state to access a county map of that state. The available counties will be highlighted. Zoom in to the area you wish to nd out about the owner's information. If you zoom in enough on the new version of emaps, you will see the owner's name. Click the search icon in the top-right navigation bar and input the owner's name to nd the information you need.
Topographical Maps
These can be useful to view the elevation of the areas you are going to prospect. Altitude is always a consideration in Colorado as most gold occurrences are located at higher altitudes. Google Earth uses elevation at the point of the mouse wherever you scroll, but a topographic map is a little easier to use in this manner. Historic Topos Currently, this collection has over 2,000 historic USGS Topographic maps covering several areas of the United States. The maps are available in various scales and date back as early as the 1800s in many areas. PLSS (Public Land Survey System) and USGS Quadrangle The principal component of QUADS is a Google Earth network link that plots approximate USGS quadrangle boundaries and provides direct access to more than 118,000 GeoPDF maps, including scans of the last historical paper map at all available scales. PLSGE If you've ever needed to know the section, township, and range in which a certain geographical feature is located, you can now see this information as an overlay in Google Earth thanks to the PLSGE plug-in described on this page. Township and Range Boundaries For many US States.
Tools
MineCache. Is a resource which can aid you in locating old gold mines, gold prospects, and conrmed gold occurrences. MinceCache simply adds gold mine symbols to areas on the map where past or present gold mines are. (Minddat also provides information on historical mine sites.)You can click on the gold mine icon and it will display the following information on the mine: Operation Type, Development Status, Primary commodities, Comments from other MineCache users (or post your own) You can also view more mine details including: Site Name, State, County, Latitude (GPS Coordinates), Longitude (GPS Coordinates) Year Discovered, Years in Production, Operation Type, Deposit Type, Production Size, Development Status, Primary Commodities, Secondary Commodities, Other Commodities Visit www.MineCache.com and register your free account so you can download the tool. A tutorial for accessing the tool with Google Earth is located on the MineCache web page or you can simply click here.
Megalithic Portal
A collection showing the locations of over 15,000 prehistoric and other ancient sites in Google Earth. Google maps with GPS Tracker Golenfound's Google Maps with GPS Tracker is a small, free application that uploads your GPS position regularly via GPRS or 3G and then automatically updates your position on a Google Map display. GPS Map Viewer Allows you to display Waypoints, Routes, or Tracks loaded from many le formats in an interactive map. Use it to see where you've been, plan where you're going, or visualize geographic data. In addition GPS Map Viewer can print or export your maps in JPEG format.
E-Maps
After locating a gold-bearing area with MineCache, the next resource is E-maps Plus (http://emaps.emapsplus.com or emapsplus.com). Currently only 6 states and not Colorado are represented. This is another free tool that can aide you in nding the contact information for the landowner of the gold-bearing area you want to prospect. Seeking permission from current landowners will prevent you from incurring problems with trespassing or claim jumping.
Purpose A slick plate plays a vital role in the classication of the material prior to its introduction into the trapping mechanisms within a sluice box, which continue the process of stratication. There is a minimal amount of turbulence in the slick plate area, which allows classied material to become saturated with water as it begins the stratication process. Lighter material will travel faster because it has less resistance against the waters volume and velocity. Gold bearing heavy material will settle to the bottom and hang back generating separation from the light material. The rate of settling depends on particle density, size and shape: Large, dense, spherical grains settle quickly and small, less dense and atter particles settle more slowly. Occasionally you can observe gold resisting the ow of the slurry and dragging across the bottom of the slick plate. Sluice boxes with a slick plate often allow for better recovery of ne gold since there is less likelihood of large clumps of dirt or air bubbles grabbing and caring off the gold. Material The material you use to build the foundation of your sluice box should be the same material used for the slick plate. Because a sluice box is portable you need to consider materials, which are light weight. Your sluice will be taking a lot of abuse from the material that will be run through it and it also needs to be durable. Aluminum will be lightweight, durable and corrosive or rust resistant. The slick plate is aptly named as it is a slick surface and it is usually recommended that there not be any obstructions in this area. The other segments of your sluice will contain gold capturing components such as rifes, miners moss, ribbed-matting and expanded metal. Design and Size If you review commercial designs you should be able to gain a general idea of the dimensions. Just remember that if weight is a consideration you do not want too large a slick plate as you want to reserve more length for the body of the sluice. Try to not have any obstructions in the slick plate area such as bolts or screws as these will impede the stratication process. Some researches consider the width to be the best control of water velocity. Increasing the width will decrease the depth and velocity of the water. Wide sluices need to have carefully designed slick plates to insure even distribution of concentrates and slurry over the whole width of the sluice. If you are in an area where water is scarce the use of a narrower sluice will guarantee that there is adequate velocity ensuring that the trapping mechanisms (rifes, etc.) stay clear. Other features, such as the angle of a sluice need to be designed so that they can be adjusted to guarantee optimum gold recovery. Gary Weishaupt recommends that an 8-inch wide sluice should have a slick plate that is at least 16 inches long. This will allow for proper stratication of the concentrated materials you add. A ten-inch wide sluice requires a 21-inch wide slick plate and a 12-inch wide sluice needs a slick plate that is at least 26 inches long. If you are using a power sluice or dredge you will not need as long a slick plate because some stratication will occur in the boil box or are sections. 1 If reviewing the Clarkson studies, keep in mind that it was a commercial sized sluice and the recommendations for a 8 foot sluice followed by two additional 8 foot sections is a lot larger than an individual will be using. Flow will accelerate with distance, which will make it more difcult for the trapping mechanisms (rifes, matting, and expanded metal) to retain ne gold particles. Research has shown that the rst 1/3rd of a sluice captures 90% of the gold, the second 1/3rd captures 9% of the gold, and if the design of your sluice is good only 1% of the gold will be found in the last 1/3rd of your sluice. In one study, it was recommended that: placer miners should investigate the effects of having short lengths of smooth, un-rifed sluice box base in their ne gold recovery sections. An example would be to have 4 of rifes at the feed end of the sluice followed by 2 of smooth base (no matting). By alternating sections of rifes and a smooth base (slick plate) the slurry entering each rife section would be pre-segregated so that a proportion of the high-density minerals would be owing along the base of the ow. This might counteract the tendency of the recovery probability to decrease as distance from the feed end of the sluice increases. 2
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1 Weishaupt, Gary, and Jacobson, Chris, How To Build and Operate Sluice Boxes, Part III, Riffle Testing. 2 Poling, G.W. and Hamilton, J.F., Fine Gold Recovery of Selected Sluice Box Configurations, The University of British Columbia.
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The different types of trapping apparatuses used in a sluice will determine the amount of water velocity required. Colorados ne gold requires a wider sluice at a narrower angle creating a slower water velocity. If you should be in an area containing coarser gold a faster water velocity is required, which having a narrower sluice at a steeper angle can create. Too slow a water velocity will cause the concentrates to buildup preventing gold from settling. As with the bed of the sluice box, the slick plate should be as at as possible. It is best to avoid any twisting or bowing of the slick plate because it will interfere with the even distribution of the slurry. Flare Flaring the beginning edges of the slick plate area will help to control the velocity and volume of water being introduced into your sluice. If you are using water that has a slow velocity you will be able to increase the water velocity by 20 to 40%. This increased velocity is required to create the necessary vortexes behind the rife bars. The are also provides a larger area to shovel concentrated material into your sluice.
Adaptations You may nd adaptations of slick plates in devices used for the nal cleanup of concentrates where spray on chalkboard paint has been used. In observing a few of these units the ne gold sticks to the paint surface and the black sands are washed off. This is not a practical application for use in the eld as it is easily scratched. There is a mat used when cutting fabric that some have been substituting for the blackboard paint. Some prospectors place a piece of black ribbed vinyl matting across the bottom of the sluice boxes slick plate. This will provide an additional area where ne gold can be captured. Frequently, ne gold will be visible and will give you an indication if the water volume and velocity or angle of your sluice needs to be adjusted. You may be able to retrieve the ne gold with a sucker bottle but be cautious and squeeze the sucker bottle before you place it in the water. If you dont you may blow your gold into the slurry stream. DFS Sluice The Damn Fine Sluice (DFS) was invented by Phil Hontz of New Mexico in the 1990s. The device was never patented as it had been discussed widely on internet forums and is a direct descendant of earlier innovations based on the research on larger sluices in the Yukon tests by Owen Poor and Randy Clarkson and more particularly the sluices tested by James Hamilton and George Poling that had raised expanded metal mesh rifes on unbacked Nomad matting (miners moss). The DFS is an in-stream sluice, with a ared intake (xed wings) to help funnel water into the mouth of the sluice and to aid stability. The rst section is a long slick plate to encourage laminar ow to guide heavy particles into a section of tiny raised expanded metal rifes clamped on heavy duty unbacked Nomad matting. The Damn Fine Sluice consists of a smooth slick plate followed by a section of tiny raised expanded metal mesh tted on matting, all set in a short sluice-box. The unit is about 6.3 feet (1.19m) long and 9.8 inches(25cm) wide, and weighs 8 lbs.(3.63) kilos. The DFS, being an in-stream sluice, lacks a hopper and screen, and has no means of recirculating water. Nor is it designed to catch gold nuggets. The current causes the pay gravel to spread out across the width of the slick plate to assume laminar (non-turbulent) ow consisting of a bottom-hugging traction carpet of black sand overlain by a traction carpet of lights (blonds). The traction carpet of black sand is pulled into the vortices (rollers) of the rifes and the gold burrows into the underlying layer of Nomad matting. The lighter minerals and surplus black sands are swept out as tailings. 4
Pop and Son Sluice The Pop and Son sluice is an adaption of the DFS. Steve and Jason Gaber invented the Pop and Son sluice in 2005. The Pop and Son sluice is a development of the innovative Damn Fine Sluice (DFS) made by the Damn Fine Equipment Co in the 1990s. The DFS is a simple cheap device consisting of a smooth slick plate followed by a section of tiny raised expanded metal mesh tted on matting, all set in a short sluice-box. 5 For a detailed discussion and pictures go to: forum=2&thread=694 http://bb.bbboy.net/alaskagoldforum-print?
3 Poling, G.W. and Hamilton, J.F., Fine Gold Recovery of Selected Sluice Box configurations, The University of British Columbia 4 World Placer Journal 2007, Volume 7, pages 66-161. 5 World Placer Journal 2007, Volume 7, pages 66-161.
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Conclusion Further studies need to be conducted using the typical materials most miners use. The Poling study used an atypical sluice with a base made of plywood and a framework of 2 x 4 lumber. The sluice was lined along its base with abrasion resistant rubber (18 Armourbond) and the sides were sheet acrylic. 6 Most suggestions come from the rst-hand experience of miners that have used their sluices with a vast array of variables. What is known is that a slick plate will help with the stratication process. The simplicity, reliability and low costs of sluice boxes make them an efcient method for gold recovery.
Tips 1. Do not place any V-matting or matting of any kind at the beginning of your slick plate. This could interfere with the stratication process. 2. Pre-screen dry material and then saturate it with water before placing it onto the slick plate. 3. The less water volume and velocity there is the more important pre-screening becomes. 4. Avoid any oil or rust on the slick plate. 5. The slurry needs to be stratied before entering the recovery area. 6. Black ribbed vinyl matting at the base of the slick plate will allow for instant recognition of the presence of gold without needing to clean the sluice. 7. Flow velocity is more important than ow volume. 8. Narrower is more efcient than wider. By narrowing the sluice with 2x4s you are creating a "higher pressure" area, and that will increase the waters speed. A narrower sluice will increase the water velocity. Two-by-fours can be cut and clamped onto the sides on the inside for a temporary x to narrow your sluice. View Pictures. 9. If you are in an area where water is scarce the use of a narrower sluice will ensure that there is adequate ow velocity which will ensure that the trapping mechanism stay clear. 10. Miners should design sluices to accommodate the anticipated feed rate by adjusting the width (increasing width decreases depth and ow velocity). 11. Lower ow velocities can yield higher recovery (ne gold is recovered in addition to the coarse gold), but if too slow, can lead to clogging of the trapping mechanism. 12. Place your material at the head of the slick plate unit, not the center. This will give the gold optimal time to stratify. 13. Try to not bump or jostle your sluice when adding material. This will affect stratication on the slick plate. 14. NEVER add more material until the last load has completely cleared the end of the sluice. Most studies nd that overloading can cause loss of gold. 15. Any dents in the surface will affect stratication. Be careful when transporting or storing your sluice. Just don't throw it into the back of your rig or pile equipment on top of it. 16. Avoid turbulent ow, especially when trying to capture ne gold. 17. Efciency of your sluice box will be inuenced by how ne you pre-classify your material before placing it on the slick plate, the type of gold you are prospecting, water volume and velocity, the angle of your sluice, presence of any clay, oil or rust and feed rate. 18. For efcient operation, the slurry ow velocity must be adjusted to t both the range of gold particle sizes in the feed, as well as the trapping mechanism used. Flow should be fast enough to insure that the trapping spaces created by the rifes or carpet liner are not lled and blocked with gangue (i.e., the carpet must be kept from sanding up), yet slow enough to allow as much ne gold as possible to settle to the bottom where it can be captured. 19. The tops of both the are & sluice section needs to be the same height. If they are not, you will either lose stratied material out the side as it goes from one section to the next or the water ow can be disrupted. 20. Any large gravel or rock will disrupt the stratication process on the slick plate-pre-classify. When placer gravels are not screened, additional water and steeper sluice box gradients are required to move the boulders and coarse gravels down the sluice run. The high water velocity and extreme turbulence created by boulder movement causes gold migration and loss. Screens also improve washing by breaking up clumps of clay and cemented particles. Inadequate washing is a very common cause of gold losses.7 21. When you speed up the water, you need a longer time for the material to be on the slick plate in order for specic gravity to work more appropriately. 22. High ow velocities cause turbulent currents that, if strong enough, can fully re-suspend the stratied material and carry it all downstream into a tailing pile. 23. If you place a gold ball at the top of the sluice it should ow to the base of the sluice if the water velocity is correct. 24. Never add more concentrated material to the slick plate until the last has completely cleared the end of the sluice. 25. Adjust the water ow so that the stratied material takes a minimum of 5 Mississippi count to completely clear your sluice. __________________
6Poling,
G.W. and Hamilton, J.F., Fine Gold Recovery of Selected Sluice Box configurations, The University of British Columbia Randy, The Use of Radio tracers To Evaluate Gold Losses at Klondike Placer Mines, New ERA Engineering Corporation. Prepared for the Klondike Miners Association, 1990. Page 13.
7Clarkson,
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SERVICES
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTS G Basic Mineral Identification (Free): Mineral will be laboratory tested for hardness1, density, streak, magnetic & UVresponse, radiation, possible optical properties & crystal habits and other as applicable and complete report compiled. Note: While many minerals can be closely approximated with this test, some may NOT unambiguously distinguished without further testing. Destructive testing on a small sample chip is recommended for clarification. Call for details. G Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)(For this test we are asking for a $25 tax-deductible donation to the MSCD Earthscience Foundation for consumables & equipment maintenance): This test is very specific for identifying possible crystal habits in fine grained or granular specimens. Sample should be no larger than 1". SEM photomicrograph will be provided with report. DESTRUCTIVE TESTS G Chemical Qualitative Analysis (Free): A sample fraction will be subjected to destructive qualitative chemical analysis, aiding in interpretation & identification. Recommended for small sample fraction in conjunction with Basic Mineral Identification above. G Precious Metals Chemical Qualitative Analysis (Free): Testing a small sample fraction for the presence of Gold, Silver and/or Platinum. This is a QUALITATIVE test only and will NOT be indicative of amounts (NO quantitative assay). G Optical Thin Section Investigation (For this test we are asking for a $15 tax-deductible donation to the MSCD Earthscience Foundation for consumables & equipment maintenance): Sample will be mounted to a glass slide and ground to the thickness of a human hair in order to specifically test for optical mineral properties. Best suited for minerals in a rock matrix. G X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis (For this test we are asking for a $80 tax-deductible donation to the MSCD Earthscience Foundation for consumables & equipment maintenance): Most precise but unfortunately expensive test for unambiguous mineral identification. Usually used for professional, industrial & research applications. Mineral will be powdered to a few microns and subjected to an x-ray beam. Resulting x-ray dispersive pattern is indicative of a specific mineral (almost like a fingerprint). Computerized database with over 40,000 minerals will be searched for closest match and the mineral will thus be exactly identified.
To submit samples or for further information contact Dr. Richard Kackstaetter as indicated above. All samples for identification should be received by first week in September or last week in January.
Hardness testing may be slightly damaging to the specimen. While the test will be performed in an inconspicuous part of the sample, scratching may occur. It is best to include an inferior secondary sample of the same material for analysis.
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Metro State College, Dep. Of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences Minerals Lab; Attn: Dr. Kackstaetter 1201 5th Street Denver, CO 80217
MINERAL IDENTIFICATION REQUEST FORM (Please attach to specimen! Use additional forms for each submitted specimen) CLIENT INFORMATION (Please Print Clearly): Last Name: First Name, MI: Address: Phone: City: Email: Date: State, ZIP
MINERAL SAMPLE INFORMATION & ANALYTICAL REQUEST (Please Print Clearly): Short Mineral Description (what does the mineral look like you want identified; especially important for minerals in rock matrix):
Suggestion: For destructive sample testing, please submit additional secondary sample chips of same material
BASIC MINERAL IDENTIFICATION - NON DESTRUCTIVE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY - NON DESTRUCTIVE CHEMICAL QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS - DESTRUCTIVE PRECIOUS METALS CHEMICAL QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS - DESTRUCTIVE OPTICAL THIN SECTION INVESTIGATION - DESTRUCTIVE X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS - DESTRUCTIVE
Price (Suggested Donation) FREE $25.00 FREE FREE $15.00 $80.00 Total:
(Make Checks payable to MSCD Earth Science Foundation)
Comments: Please Return Sample: SASE included or Will pick up. Discard sample after analysis: Just mail report or Will pick up report
By submitting the mineral sample for analysis I agree to following terms and condition: Neither Metropolitan State College of Denver, the Department of Earth & Atmospheric Science nor its affiliates, professors and students shall be liable for any loss or damage to submitted mineral samples nor for any damages, including but not limited to injuries, loss of property or profits, or incidental, consequential, exemplary, special or other damages that may result from use of reported analytical results. Do NOT write here! For internal use only: Assigned Geoscientist: Report completed and mailed/picked up: Date: _______________ Date Sample Received:
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